The 1903 flood was undoubtedly one of the most significant floods of the 20th century in Moravia and Silesia. Although systematic observa-tions of water levels had already begun at many gauging sites during this period, it is difficult to convert historical water levels recorded at limnigraph stations into present-day equivalents due to historical territorial changes in terms of politics (Prussia versus the present-day Czech Republic), landscape structure (forest cover in the historical and present-day landscape), morphology (terrain and urban development in the affected areas), and water management conditions (the course of the Opava river channel and the condition of water flumes in 1903 and today). Useful (though not always entirely reliable) sources include historical flood marks, photographic documentation, historical maps and plans, reports in the contemporary press, family chronicles, and the recollections of millers, sawyers, and other craftsmen using water power. These sources form a rather heterogeneous body of evidence, and it is therefore necessary to find ways to verify and combine them. One possible approach is to use these data in GIS-based spatial analyses and subsequently as inputs for rainfall–runoff and hydraulic model-ling. Since the team of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), together with its partners, had already conducted similar analyses (e.g. during the reconstruction of the 1872 historical flood on Blšanka), they also attempted to apply this approach to the 1903 flood on the Opava river. The results, including a partial uncertainty analysis, are presented in this article.
This article presents a methodology for the adaptive management of water reservoirs designed to ensure a reliable water supply under condi-tions of hydrological drought and climate change. The proposed approach combines hydrological modelling, climate change scenarios, and the optimisation of rule curves with regulation levels. The management system allows for flexible restrictions on water abstractions and the adjustment of minimum residual flows depending on the current state of the reservoir. A pilot application of the methodology was carried out on selected Czech reservoirs (Švihov, Klíčava, Žlutice, Obecnice, Pilská, Láz, Vrchlice) under current climate conditions and future scenarios for 2050 and 2100.
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