![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Vizina-1.jpg\")
<\/a>\nObr. 1. Sch\u00e9ma syst\u00e9mu HAMR<\/h6>\n
Ka\u017ed\u00e1 komponenta je reprezentov\u00e1na fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b zalo\u017een\u00fdm matematick\u00fdm modelem (SoilClim, BILAN a\u00a0Wateres) a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b je hodnocena podle vypo\u010dten\u00fdch indik\u00e1tor\u016f, na z\u00e1klad\u011b kter\u00fdch danou situaci d\u011bl\u00edme do stav\u016f:<\/p>\n
- \n
- norm\u00e1ln\u00ed stav,<\/li>\n
- m\u00edrn\u00e9 sucho,<\/li>\n
- siln\u00e9 sucho,<\/li>\n
- mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 sucho.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Opakem je tak\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed stav\u016f, kdy je dostatek disponibiln\u00ed vody. Samotn\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 jednou t\u00fddn\u011b a\u00a0vyhodnocuje se v\u00a0rozli\u0161en\u00ed vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f, pro kter\u00e9 jsou vypo\u010dteny jednotliv\u00e9 indexy. Pro hodnocen\u00ed odchylek v\u00a0dan\u00e9m t\u00fddnu od norm\u00e1lu se pou\u017eilo referen\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed 1981\u20132010.<\/p>\n
Meteorologick\u00e9 sucho je hodnoceno na z\u00e1klad\u011b indexu SPEI (Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index) zohled\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edho bilanci mezi sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fdm \u00fahrnem a\u00a0evapotranspirac\u00ed. P\u0159i v\u00fdpo\u010dtu indexu se vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0hodnot sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fdch \u00fahrn\u016f a\u00a0potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed evapotranspirace.<\/p>\n
Agronomick\u00e9 sucho je vypo\u010dteno na z\u00e1klad\u011b odchylky od norm\u00e1lu za obdob\u00ed 1981\u20132010 pro dan\u00fd t\u00fdden. Za extr\u00e9mn\u00ed sucha jsou vyhodnocena ta, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost v\u00fdskytu ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 5 %, v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 sucho 15 % a\u00a0m\u00edrn\u00e9 sucho 25 %. Analogicky jsou kategorizov\u00e1ny i\u00a0stavy zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho nasycen\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Hydrologick\u00e9 povrchov\u00e9 se hodnot\u00ed podle aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty indexu SRI (Standardized Runoff Index) v\u00a0dan\u00e9m t\u00fddnu. Pro hodnocen\u00ed povrchov\u00fdch vod se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 simulovan\u00fd pr\u016ftok modelem Bilan v\u00a0\u00fatvarech povrchov\u00fdch vod.<\/p>\n
Hydrologick\u00e9 podzemn\u00ed zobrazuje aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0m\u011blk\u00fdch zvodn\u00edch. V\u00fdhled je n\u00e1sledn\u011b reprezentov\u00e1n, zdali lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat zlep\u0161en\u00ed (dopln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1sob) \u010di zhor\u0161en\u00ed stavu v\u00a0t\u011bchto zvodn\u00edch.<\/p>\n
Nedostatek vody zohled\u0148uje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm indexy na hydrologick\u00e9 sucho, kter\u00e9mu je p\u0159i\u0159azena vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1ha ne\u017e suchu agronomick\u00e9mu a\u00a0suchu meteorologick\u00e9mu. D\u00e1le je v\u00fdrazn\u011b zohledn\u011bna pot\u0159eba vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f (povrchov\u00e9 a\u00a0podzemn\u00ed odb\u011bry) v\u00a0dan\u00e9m vodn\u00edm \u00fatvaru. Pot\u0159eba je vyhodnocena na z\u00e1klad\u011b po\u017eadavk\u016f na vodn\u00ed zdroje v\u00a0dan\u00e9m \u00fatvaru a\u00a090% kvantilu dlouhodob\u00e9ho odtoku.<\/p>\n
P\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f je statistick\u00e1 na osm t\u00fddn\u016f a\u00a0kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 se op\u00edr\u00e1 o\u00a0p\u011bt p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edch model\u016f, a\u00a0to:<\/p>\n
- \n
- IFS Evropsk\u00e9ho centra pro st\u0159edn\u011bdobou p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f,<\/li>\n
- model GFS Americk\u00e9ho centra pro v\u00fdzkum atmosf\u00e9ry,<\/li>\n
- model GEM (CMC) Kanadsk\u00e9ho meteorologick\u00e9ho centra,<\/li>\n
- model UK (GUM) Global britsk\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby,<\/li>\n
- ARPEGE model francouzsk\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Webov\u00e1 prezentace<\/h2>\n
Na obr. 2 <\/em>je \u00favodn\u00ed strana webov\u00e9ho port\u00e1lu hamr.chmi.cz, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed mapy pro hodnocen\u00ed sucha, kter\u00e9 jsou skryt\u00e9 v\u00a0podob\u011b kapek, videokoment\u00e1\u0159 hodnot\u00edc\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u00fdden, vstup pro odborn\u00edky, kter\u00fd poskytuje interaktivn\u00ed aplikaci (pops\u00e1na n\u00ed\u017ee) a\u00a0textov\u00e9 zhodnocen\u00ed aktualit. V\u00a0polo\u017ece menu se d\u00e1le nach\u00e1z\u00ed popis metodiky a\u00a0kontakty na jednotliv\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161itele.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\")
<\/a>\nObr. 2. \u00davodn\u00ed strana webov\u00e9ho port\u00e1lu hamr.chmi.cz<\/h6>\n
Interaktivn\u00ed aplikace<\/h2>\n
P\u0159es webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky hamr.chmi.cz je mo\u017en\u00e9 vstoupit do interaktivn\u00ed aplikace, kter\u00e1 je vytvo\u0159ena ve skriptovac\u00edm jazyce JavaScript. \u00davodn\u00ed strana aplikace je zobrazena na obr. 3<\/em> a\u00a0m\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkcionalitu:<\/p>\n
- \n
- menu, kde lze vybrat typ \u00fadaj\u016f, kter\u00e9 chceme zobrazit:\n
- \n
- z\u00e1kladn\u00ed mapa,<\/li>\n
- indik\u00e1tory sucha,<\/li>\n
- stav podzemn\u00edch vod,<\/li>\n
- pro vodopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady,<\/li>\n
- o\u00a0projektu;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- mapov\u00e9 okno, kde jsou zobrazeny hodnoty vybran\u00e9 veli\u010diny pro zvolen\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd horizont;<\/li>\n
- v\u00fdb\u011br podkladov\u00fdch map.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/a>\n
Obr. 3. \u00davodn\u00ed strana aplikace HAMR<\/h6>\n
Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed mapa<\/h2>\n
Na obr. 4<\/em> je zobrazena z\u00e1kladn\u00ed mapa, kter\u00e1 zobrazuje zvolenou veli\u010dinu hydrologick\u00e9 bilance (modelovanou modelem Bilan):<\/p>\n
- \n
- P\u00a0\u2013 sr\u00e1\u017eky na povod\u00ed [mm],<\/li>\n
- R\u00a0\u2013 odtok (pozorovan\u00fd) [mm],<\/li>\n
- RM\u00a0\u2013 celkov\u00fd odtok (simulovan\u00fd) [mm],<\/li>\n
- BF\u00a0\u2013 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed odtok (simulovan\u00fd) [mm],<\/li>\n
- PET\u00a0\u2013 potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed evapotranspirace [mm],<\/li>\n
- ET\u00a0\u2013 \u00fazemn\u00ed v\u00fdpar [mm],<\/li>\n
- SW\u00a0\u2013 p\u016fdn\u00ed vlhkost (z\u00e1soba vody v\u00a0nenasycen\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b) [mm],<\/li>\n
- SS\u00a0\u2013 z\u00e1soba vody ve sn\u011bhu [mm],<\/li>\n
- GS\u00a0\u2013 z\u00e1soba podzemn\u00ed vody [mm],<\/li>\n
- PERC\u00a0\u2013 perkolace z\u00a0p\u016fdn\u00ed vrstvy [mm],<\/li>\n
- RC\u00a0\u2013 dotace z\u00e1soby podzemn\u00ed vody [mm],<\/li>\n
- T\u00a0\u2013 teplota vzduchu [\u00b0C].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/a>\n
Obr. 4. Komponenta z\u00e1kladn\u00ed mapa: v\u00fdb\u011br veli\u010diny<\/h6>\n
Data lze zobrazit jako dlouhodob\u00e9 pr\u016fm\u011bry, hodnoty pro zvolen\u00fd rok a\u00a0hodnoty pro jednotliv\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00edce ve zvolen\u00e9m roce. Pro zobrazen\u00ed je vytvo\u0159ena funkcionalita posuvn\u00edku \u0161ipkami (doprava, doleva: posun o\u00a0t\u00fdden\/m\u011bs\u00edc; nahoru, dol\u016f: posun o\u00a0rok). Pro mapu lze p\u0159ep\u00ednat mapov\u00fd podklad:<\/p>\n
- \n
- z\u00e1kladn\u00ed mapa (Open Street maps),<\/li>\n
- ortofoto mapa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
D\u00e1le lze zobrazit vrstvy:<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u0159eky (interaktivn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed tok\u016f),<\/li>\n
- jezera,<\/li>\n
- n\u00e1dr\u017ee,<\/li>\n
- kraje,<\/li>\n
- okresy,<\/li>\n
- povod\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Pro kter\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 zvolit pr\u016fhlednost vrstvy (tak, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zvolen\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed l\u00e9pe identifikovat). Pod mapov\u00fdm oknem se zobraz\u00ed pro zvolen\u00fd vodn\u00ed \u00fatvar a\u00a0zvolenou veli\u010dinu jej\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh od roku 1981 po sou\u010dasnost. Zobrazen\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 pro:<\/p>\n
- \n
- m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed data,<\/li>\n
- t\u00fddenn\u00ed data.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Pro zvolen\u00fd vodn\u00ed \u00fatvar a\u00a0zvolenou veli\u010dinu je mo\u017en\u00e9 pr\u016fb\u011bh zobrazit na grafu (viz obr. 5<\/em>). D\u00e1le je mo\u017en\u00e9 pro zvolen\u00fd \u00fatvar st\u00e1hnout data.<\/p>\n
<\/a>\nObr. 5. Komponenta z\u00e1kladn\u00ed mapa a\u00a0podokno grafu<\/h6>\n
Indik\u00e1tory sucha<\/h2>\n
V\u00a0komponent\u011b indik\u00e1tory sucha jsou zobrazeny analogicky se z\u00e1kladn\u00ed mapou tzv. indik\u00e1tory sucha pro:<\/p>\n
- \n
- meteorologick\u00e9 sucho (sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fd \u00fahrn, sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fd deficit, SPEI),<\/li>\n
- agronomick\u00e9 sucho (maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed nasycen\u00ed p\u016fdy, deficit p\u016fdn\u00ed vl\u00e1hy, reten\u010dn\u00ed kapacita),<\/li>\n
- hydrologick\u00e9 sucho (povrchov\u00e9 sucho\u00a0\u2013 SRI, podzemn\u00ed sucho\u00a0\u2013 SGI, dostupnost vody, dostupnost vody podle M-denn\u00edch vod).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
V\u00a0r\u00e1mci meteorologick\u00e9ho sucha se hodnot\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e9 \u00fahrny v\u00a0dan\u00e9m t\u00fddnu, sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e9 deficity v\u00a0dan\u00e9m kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00edm roce a\u00a0index SPEI, kter\u00fd je zalo\u017een na rozd\u00edlu sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fdch \u00fahrn\u016f a\u00a0potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed evapotranspirace. Z\u00a0tohoto rozd\u00edlu je index napo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n (analogie pro SRI a\u00a0SGI). Index SPEI a\u00a0jeho pr\u016fb\u011bh je zobrazen na obr. 6<\/em> v\u00a0doln\u00ed (grafov\u00e9) \u010d\u00e1sti. Zobrazen je vodn\u00ed \u00fatvar OHL_0100 od kv\u011btna 2019 po sou\u010dasnost. V\u00a0grafu jsou vid\u011bt v\u00fdrazn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 hodnoty v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f (od -2 nast\u00e1v\u00e1 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 sucho) a\u00a0jeho n\u00e1sledn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj. V\u00a0prav\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti potom predikovan\u00fd v\u00fdvoj podle p\u011bti klimatick\u00fdch model\u016f (model IFS zv\u00fdrazn\u011bn \u010derven\u011b) na dva t\u00fddny dop\u0159edu a\u00a0del\u0161\u00ed statistickou predikci (zelen\u00e1: kvantil 10%, fialov\u00e1: kvantil 10% a\u00a0modr\u00e1: kvantil 50%).<\/p>\n
<\/a>\nObr. 6. Mapov\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed indexu SPEI<\/h6>\n
V\u00a0komponent\u011b agronomick\u00e9 sucho jsou zobrazeny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdsledky modelu SoilClim, kter\u00e9 jsou tak\u00e9 prezentov\u00e1ny na webu www.intersucho.cz. V\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jsou v\u00fdsledky modelu agregov\u00e1ny do vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f, a\u00a0proto se mohou lehce li\u0161it. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci syst\u00e9mu HAMR je nav\u00edc hodnocena i\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 dostupnost vody v\u00a0p\u016fdn\u00edm profilu. Analogi\u00ed ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho indexu je deficit p\u016fdn\u00ed vl\u00e1hy (obr. 7<\/em>), kter\u00fd je vypo\u010dten jako rozd\u00edl aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed dostupn\u00e9 vody v\u00a0p\u016fd\u011b od dlouhodob\u00e9ho norm\u00e1lu pro dan\u00fd t\u00fdden. Pro mnoho lid\u00ed je tento index reprezentativn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. P\u016fda m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 danou kapacitu udr\u017eet vodu (z\u00e1lo\u017eka reten\u010dn\u00ed kapacita).<\/p>\n
<\/a>\nObr. 7. Deficit p\u016fdn\u00ed vl\u00e1hy<\/h6>\n
P\u0159irozen\u00e9 odtokov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky pro jednotliv\u00e9 vodn\u00ed \u00fatvary jsou p\u0159evedeny na indik\u00e1tor SRI (analogie SPEI). Dostupnost vody pro jednotliv\u00e9 vodn\u00ed \u00fatvary jsou zobrazeny na obr. 8<\/em>. Jedn\u00e1 se modelovan\u00e9 hodnoty vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm modelem WATERES, kter\u00e9 jsou pro sou\u010dasnost korigov\u00e1ny podle pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, na tomto stavu je tvo\u0159ena predikce na osm t\u00fddn\u016f (viz obr. 8<\/em>, kde je zobrazen tak\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh s\u00a0predikc\u00ed). N\u00ed\u017ee je tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 zobrazit dostupnost vody podle M-denn\u00edch vod.<\/p>\n
<\/a>\nObr. 8. Dostupnost vody<\/h6>\n
Mapov\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho stavu podzemn\u00edch vod s\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhem hladiny vybran\u00e9ho vrtu se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0komponent\u011b Stav podzemn\u00edch vod. Historie pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed pro m\u011blk\u00e9 vrty je od roku 2014. Do budoucna se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 tak\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed hlubok\u00fdch zvodn\u00ed a\u00a0do komponenty podzemn\u00edch vod budou implementov\u00e1ny v\u00fdsledky projektu TA \u010cR, kter\u00e9 poskytnou informaci o\u00a0disponibiln\u00edch zdroj\u00edch podzemn\u00ed vody.<\/p>\n
Pro vodopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady (komponenta nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s vodou)<\/h2>\n
V\u00a0syst\u00e9mu jsou hodnoceny \u00fadaje nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0vodou na z\u00e1klad\u011b datab\u00e1ze vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 bilance, pro kterou je evidov\u00e1no nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0objemem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e 6 000 m3<\/sup>\/rok nebo 500 m3<\/sup>\/m\u011bs\u00edc. Nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed je rozd\u011bleno:<\/p>\n
- \n
- POD\u00a0\u2013 odb\u011br z\u00a0podzemn\u00edch vod,<\/li>\n
- POV\u00a0\u2013 odb\u011br z\u00a0povrchov\u00fdch vod,<\/li>\n
- VYP\u00a0\u2013 vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed do povrchov\u00fdch vod,<\/li>\n
- VYZ\u00a0\u2013 vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed do podzemn\u00edch vod.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Do sekce pro Vodopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady je nezbytn\u00e9 se p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit. Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu zde nejsou uvedeny podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Drought and water shortages are concepts that need to be spaced properly differentiate. Drought is a temporary decrease in water availability and is considered a natural phenomenon. Drought is characterized by its gradual onset, considerable area and long duration.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":8732,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,86],"tags":[121,1551,1484],"coauthors":[27,34,1374,1375],"class_list":["post-8747","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","category-hydraulics-hydrology-and-hydrogeology","tag-drought","tag-hamr","tag-tgm-wri"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8747","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8747"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8747\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30599,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8747\/revisions\/30599"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8732"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8747"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8747"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8747"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=8747"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
- menu, kde lze vybrat typ \u00fadaj\u016f, kter\u00e9 chceme zobrazit:\n