{"id":8557,"date":"2020-08-24T14:13:28","date_gmt":"2020-08-24T13:13:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=8557"},"modified":"2024-07-17T10:47:27","modified_gmt":"2024-07-17T09:47:27","slug":"interview-with-rndr-hana-mlejnkova-ph-d-on-the-topic-of-sars-cov-2-in-wastewater","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2020\/08\/interview-with-rndr-hana-mlejnkova-ph-d-on-the-topic-of-sars-cov-2-in-wastewater\/","title":{"rendered":"Interview with RNDr. Hana Mlejnkov\u00e1, Ph.D., on the topic of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

 <\/p>\n

Co bylo c\u00edlem Va\u0161eho v\u00fdzkumu prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9ho ve V\u00daV TGM, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho na stanoven\u00ed viru SARS-CoV-2, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobuje nemoc Covid-19, v\u00a0odpadn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch? V\u00fdzkum se ji\u017e uch\u00fdlil ke konci, lze ji\u017e nyn\u00ed vyvodit n\u011bjak\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry?<\/h4>\n

Monitoring odpadn\u00edch vod za \u00fa\u010delem zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti viru SARS-CoV-2 jsme prov\u00e1d\u011bli od poloviny dubna po dobu 10 t\u00fddn\u016f. C\u00edlem v\u00fdzkumu bylo odzkou\u0161et tzv. epidemiologick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0odpadn\u00edm vod\u00e1m, aplikovan\u00fd nap\u0159. pro monitoring v\u00fdskytu drog, pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00a0syst\u00e9mu v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdskytu nemoci COVID-19. Tato mo\u017enost se nab\u00edz\u00ed, vzhledem k\u00a0pr\u016fkazu vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed koronaviru i\u00a0stolic\u00ed a\u00a0mo\u010d\u00ed naka\u017een\u00fdch osob. Ve vzorc\u00edch odpadn\u00edch vod na n\u00e1toku do \u010dist\u00edren odpadn\u00edch vod (\u010cOV) byl ve spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0V\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm \u00fastavem veterin\u00e1rn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed, v. v. i., v\u00a0Brn\u011b stanovov\u00e1n fragment virov\u00e9 nukleov\u00e9 kyseliny, specifick\u00fd pro virus SARS-CoV-2. Do v\u00fdzkumu bylo zapojeno 36 \u010cOV z\u00a0cel\u00e9 republiky, od mal\u00fdch obecn\u00edch \u010cOV do 2\u00a0000 ekvivalentn\u00edch obyvatel (EO) po velk\u00e9 \u010cOV z\u00a0kategorie nad 100\u00a0000 EO. Podobn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum prov\u00e1d\u011bla i\u00a0spole\u010dnost SOVAK, z. s., kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m poskytla v\u00fdsledky, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zv\u00fd\u0161il po\u010det sledovan\u00fdch \u010cOV na 40.<\/p>\n

V r\u00e1mci v\u00fdzkumu se poda\u0159ilo prok\u00e1zat pozitivn\u00ed n\u00e1lez virov\u00fdch fragment\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e byla potvrzena funk\u010dnost metody pro dan\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Pozitivn\u00ed n\u00e1lezy byly i v \u010cOV mal\u00fdch obc\u00ed, kde je p\u0159edpoklad n\u00edzk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu naka\u017een\u00fdch. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b prob\u00edh\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u011b se St\u00e1tn\u00edm zdravotn\u00edm \u00fastavem dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o po\u010dtech naka\u017een\u00fdch ve sledovan\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch, jejich\u017e korelace spolu s koeficientem na\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod budou z\u00e1kladem pro kone\u010dn\u00e9 vyhodnocen\u00ed pou\u017eitelnosti metody a ur\u010den\u00ed jej\u00ed \u201emeze detekce\u201c.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Budete i\u00a0nad\u00e1le pokra\u010dovat v\u00a0monitoringu p\u0159\u00edtomnosti viru SARS-CoV-2 v\u00a0odpadn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch, p\u0159esto\u017ee se pr\u016fb\u011bh epidemie ji\u017e zm\u00edrnil?<\/h4>\n

Projekt v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b pokra\u010duje sm\u011brem k\u00a0vyhodnocen\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00fdch dat a\u00a0jejich spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 interpretaci. Vyzkou\u0161en\u00fd postup by bylo vhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9ho n\u00e1stupu podzimn\u00ed vlny epidemie. Tato aktivita je v\u0161ak z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na dostupn\u00fdch financ\u00edch a\u00a0podpo\u0159e st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum by mohl pokra\u010dovat v\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed podpory v\u00a0r\u00e1mci programu Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu, do kter\u00e9ho jsme projekt p\u0159ipravili. Jeho c\u00edlem je vytvo\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0odzkou\u0161en\u00ed metodiky pro pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed monitoringu odpadn\u00edch vod jako n\u00e1stroj v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed. Dosavadn\u00ed aktivity byly hrazeny ze zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch zdroj\u016f V\u00daV TGM, resp. institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed podpory M\u017dP.<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee SARS-CoV-2 se vyskytuje i\u00a0ve v\u00fdkalech, jak\u00e1 je pravd\u011bpodobnost n\u00e1kazy nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i manipulaci s\u00a0mobiln\u00edmi toaletami \u010di p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci v\u00a0\u010dist\u00edrn\u00e1ch odpadn\u00edch vod?<\/h4>\n

Pr\u00e1ce s\u00a0odpadn\u00edmi vodami pat\u0159\u00ed obecn\u011b mezi zna\u010dn\u011b rizikov\u00e9, proto\u017ee se v\u00a0nich m\u016f\u017ee vyskytovat \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum vodou mnohem snadn\u011bji (fek\u00e1ln\u011b or\u00e1ln\u00ed cestou) p\u0159enosn\u00fdch patogenn\u00edch a\u00a0podm\u00edn\u011bn\u011b patogenn\u00edch mikroorganism\u016f, jako jsou noroviry, adenoviry, rotaviry, virus hepatitidy A\u00a0a\u00a0E, paraziti\u010dt\u00ed prvoci, patogenn\u00ed bakterie, mj. Campylobacter<\/em>, Escherichia coli<\/em>, v\u010detn\u011b vysoce rizikov\u00fdch patogen\u016f se z\u00edskanou rezistenc\u00ed na antibiotika. Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed pokyny pro pr\u00e1ci v\u00a0tomto prost\u0159ed\u00ed jsou sestavov\u00e1ny podle biologick\u00fdch agens, pro n\u011b\u017e jsou odpadn\u00ed vody mnohem p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm ne\u017e pro koronaviry. Dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch z\u00e1sad je dostate\u010dnou z\u00e1rukou eliminace mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1kazy odpadn\u00ed vodou.<\/p>\n

Jak z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 je problematika v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b SARS-CoV-2 a\u00a0likvidace odpadn\u00edch vod z\u00a0objekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 nejsou napojeny na kanalizaci?<\/h4>\n

Odpadn\u00ed vody z\u00a0objekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 nejsou napojeny na kanalizaci, tj. chaty, rekrea\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed apod., mus\u00ed b\u00fdt podle na\u0161ich legislativn\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f likvidov\u00e1ny bezpe\u010dn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, tj. vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00edm septik\u016f na \u010cOV nebo domovn\u00ed \u010dist\u00edrnou odpadn\u00edch vod. Kontaminace povrchov\u00fdch a\u00a0podzemn\u00edch vod by byla mo\u017en\u00e1 pouze v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u0161patn\u00e9ho technick\u00e9ho stavu kanaliza\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdch de\u0161t\u00edch. Mo\u017en\u00e1 rizika pro tyto alternativy, stejn\u011b jako doba p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0infek\u010dnost vir\u016f v\u00a0tomto prost\u0159ed\u00ed, nebyla dosud bl\u00ed\u017ee studov\u00e1na.<\/p>\n

Je mo\u017en\u00e9 na z\u00e1klad\u011b zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti viru v\u00a0odpadn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch odhadnout po\u010det naka\u017een\u00fdch v\u00a0dan\u00e9 oblasti, pop\u0159. p\u0159esnost lokality, odkud se virus do odpadn\u00edch vod dostal?<\/h4>\n

Kvantifikace po\u010dtu naka\u017een\u00fdch nen\u00ed monitoringem odpadn\u00edch vod mo\u017en\u00e1, metoda uk\u00e1\u017ee pouze p\u0159\u00edtomnost koronaviru ve vzorku odpadn\u00ed vody. P\u0159i vhodn\u011b zvolen\u00fdch odb\u011brov\u00fdch m\u00edstech by m\u011blo b\u00fdt mo\u017en\u00e9 do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry vysledovat bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed lokalizaci zdroje infekce, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed zejm\u00e9na na charakteru kanaliza\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n

Lze do budoucna po\u010d\u00edtat se zaveden\u00edm syst\u00e9mu v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed jako prevence podobn\u00fdch situac\u00ed plo\u0161n\u00e9ho \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed viru? Jak\u00e9 budou n\u00e1sledovat dal\u0161\u00ed kroky ve v\u00fdvoji tohoto syst\u00e9mu a\u00a0lze jeho zaveden\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1vat v\u00a0bl\u00edzk\u00e9 dob\u011b?<\/h4>\n

Syst\u00e9m v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed je velmi perspektivn\u00edm n\u00e1strojem pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdskytu ur\u010dit\u00e9ho infek\u010dn\u00edho agens (nejen viru SARS-CoV-2) v\u00a0populaci m\u011bst nebo cel\u00e9 \u010cR. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit pro zachycen\u00ed n\u00e1stupu nov\u00e9 vlny o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 epidemie nebo ke screeningu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed rizikov\u00fdch patogen\u016f, nap\u0159. hepatitidy nebo i\u00a0nep\u0159\u00edmo pomoc\u00ed biomarker\u016f z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdch proces\u016f.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm krokem po kone\u010dn\u00e9m vyhodnocen\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f v\u00a0korelaci s\u00a0po\u010dty naka\u017een\u00fdch bude zajistit finance pro dal\u0161\u00ed etapu v\u00fdzkumu, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla zav\u00e9st epidemiologick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup sledov\u00e1n\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod do praxe.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Interview with RNDr. Hana Mlejnkov\u00e1, Ph.D., on the topic of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, if is it possible to become infected from wastewater and will monitoring continue?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":8554,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[1912,120,1913,213],"coauthors":[2416],"class_list":["post-8557","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","tag-covid-19","tag-interview","tag-sars-cov-2","tag-wastewater"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8557","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8557"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8557\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30591,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8557\/revisions\/30591"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8554"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8557"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8557"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8557"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=8557"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}