![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Havel-1.jpg\")
<\/a>\nObr. 1. Odb\u011brov\u00e1 m\u00edsta, Motolsk\u00fd potok, n\u00e1dr\u017ee R1\u2013R3; 1\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159\u00edtok, 2\u00a0\u2013 odtok
\nFig. 1. Sampling sites, Motolsk\u00fd stream, R1\u2013R3 retention tanks; 1\u00a0\u2013 inflow, 2\u00a0\u2013 outflow<\/h6>\n![\"\"](\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\")
<\/a>\nObr. 2. Odb\u011brov\u00e1 m\u00edsta, Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok, n\u00e1dr\u017e D\u017eb\u00e1n; 1\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159\u00edtok, 2\u00a0\u2013 odtok
\nFig. 2. Sampling sites, Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd stream, D\u017eb\u00e1n water reservoir; 1\u00a0\u2013 inflow, 2\u00a0\u2013 outflow<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 3. Odb\u011brov\u00e1 m\u00edsta, rybn\u00edk \u0160eber\u00e1k; 1\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159\u00edtok Vesteck\u00fd potok, 2\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159\u00edtok Kunratick\u00fd potok, 3\u00a0\u2013 odtok
\nFig. 3. Sampling sites, \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond; 1\u00a0\u2013 Vesteck\u00fd stream inflow, 2\u00a0\u2013 Kunratick\u00fd stream inflow, 3\u00a0\u2013 outflow<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 4. Odb\u011brov\u00e1 m\u00edsta, Boti\u010d, n\u00e1dr\u017e Hostiva\u0159; 1\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159\u00edtok, 2\u00a0\u2013 odtok
\nFig. 4. Sampling sites, Boti\u010d stream, Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir; 1\u00a0\u2013 inflow, 2\u00a0\u2013 outflow<\/h6>\nCharakteristika lokalit<\/h3>\n\n- BF 1<\/strong> (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do reten\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed R1\u2212R3): \u201enat\u011bsno\u201c vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 koryto, v podstat\u011b bez sedimentu, ob\u010das t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bez vody (obr. 5<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 2<\/strong> (Motolsk\u00fd potok, odtok z reten\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed R1\u2212R3): vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 koryto, na dn\u011b p\u00edsek a men\u0161\u00ed kameny, trvale zavodn\u011bn\u00e9 (obr. 6<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 3<\/strong> (Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n): vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 koryto, na dn\u011b p\u00edsek a kameny (i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed), trvale zavodn\u011bn\u00e9 (obr. 7<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 4<\/strong> (Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok, odtok z n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n): p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koryto, p\u00edsek, kameny r\u016fzn\u00e9 velikosti, pono\u0159en\u00e1 makrovegetace (obr. 8<\/em>). Vzhledem ke kvalit\u011b vody odtoku z\u00a0hypolimnia n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b koncem l\u00e9ta (H2<\/sub>S, bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed povlaky dna\u00a0\u2013 obr. 9<\/em>), nebyly vzorky fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edmo pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed; odb\u011br byl posunut cca 500 m n\u00ed\u017ee,<\/li>\n
- BF 5<\/strong> (Vesteck\u00fd potok, lev\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k): nap\u0159\u00edmen\u00fd potok, nedl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd, na dn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161inou bahno z okoln\u00edch pol\u00ed, ob\u010das p\u00edsek, kameny vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, pouze drobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed valounky (obr. 10<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 6<\/strong> (Kunratick\u00fd potok, prav\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k): nehodnocen \u2013 po cel\u00e9 sledovan\u00e9 obdob\u00ed do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k voda neodt\u00e9kala, profil se zm\u011bnil na mok\u0159ad (obr. 11<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 7<\/strong> (Kunratick\u00fd potok, odtok z rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k): um\u011bl\u00e9 koryto, vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9, na dn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161inou jemn\u00e9 bahno z rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k \u2212 zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b b\u011bhem vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sediment\u016f v roce 2019 (obr. 12<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 8<\/strong> (Boti\u010d, p\u0159\u00edtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159): p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koryto, na dn\u011b p\u00edsek, drobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kameny (obr. 13<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 9<\/strong> (Boti\u010d, odtok z n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159): p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koryto, vtok do p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed rezervace Meandry Boti\u010de (obr. 14<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/a>\n
Obr. 5. Profil BF 1, Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do reten\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed R1\u2013R3
\nFig. 5. BF 1 profile; Motolsk\u00fd stream, inflow into the R1\u2013R3 retention tanks<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 6. Profil BF 2, Motolsk\u00fd potok, odtok z\u00a0reten\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed R1\u2013R3
\nFig. 6. BF 2 profile; Motolsk\u00fd stream, outflow from the R1\u2013R3 retention tanks<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 7. Profil BF 3, Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n
\nFig. 7. BF 3 profile; Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd stream, inflow into the D\u017eb\u00e1n water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 8. Profil BF 4, Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok, cca 500 m pod odtokem z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n
\nFig. 8. BF 4 profile; Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd stream, cca 500 m under the outflow from the D\u017eb\u00e1n water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 9. Vzhled odtoku p\u0159\u00edmo pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n
\nFig. 9. The ouflow directly under the D\u017eb\u00e1n water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 10. Profil BF 5, Vesteck\u00fd potok, levostrann\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k
\nFig. 10. BF 5 profile; Vesteck\u00fd stream, left side inflow into the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 11. Profil BF 6, Kunratick\u00fd potok, pravostrann\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k
\nFig. 11. BF 6 profile; Kunratick\u00fd stream, right side inflow into the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 12. Profil BF 7, Kunratick\u00fd potok, odtok z\u00a0rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k
\nFig. 12. BF 7 profile; Kunratick\u00fd stream, outflow from the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 13. Profil BF 8, Boti\u010d, p\u0159\u00edtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159
\nFig. 13. BF 8 profile; Boti\u010d stream, inflow into the Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 14. Profil BF 9, Boti\u010d, odtok z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159
\nFig. 14. BF 9 profile; Boti\u010d stream, outflow from the Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir<\/h6>\nMetodika odb\u011br\u016f a\u00a0anal\u00fdz vzork\u016f<\/h2>\nFytobentos<\/h3>\n
Vzorky fytobentosu byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny z\u00a0charakteristick\u00e9ho \u00faseku toku v\u017edy t\u0159ikr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b (duben, srpen, listopad). Odb\u011bry i\u00a0anal\u00fdza druhov\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed byly provedeny v\u00a0souladu se standardn\u00edmi metodami podle \u010cSN [3\u20136], v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m vzorku byly vyhodnoceny relativn\u00ed abundance jednotliv\u00fdch druh\u016f \u0159as podle z\u00e1kladn\u00ed stupnice, viz [5].<\/p>\n
Makrozoobentos<\/h3>\n
Vzorky makrozoobentosu byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0metodikou M\u017dP a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi platn\u00fdmi normami [7, 8]. Vzorky z\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch profil\u016f byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny metodou \u201ekick samples\u201c dvakr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b (duben, listopad) z\u00a0charakteristick\u00e9ho \u00faseku toku. Z\u00a0odebran\u00e9ho vzorku byly (po opl\u00e1chnut\u00ed vodou z\u00a0lokality) odstran\u011bny zachycen\u00e9 velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice (list\u00ed, makrofyta, \u2026). Vzorek byl n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159eveden do vzorkovnice a\u00a0nafixov\u00e1n etanolem. V\u00a0laborato\u0159i byly pod binokul\u00e1rn\u00ed lupou odebran\u00e9 vzorky podrobn\u011b prohl\u00e9dnuty, p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 organismy p\u0159evedeny do 70 % etanolu a\u00a0ur\u010deny (binokul\u00e1rn\u00ed lupa, mikroskop).<\/p>\n
Ve vzorc\u00edch byl stanoven celkov\u00fd po\u010det organism\u016f v\u00a0odebran\u00e9m standardn\u00edm vzorku [7, 8], saprobn\u00ed index [9] a\u00a0index diverzity Shannon-Weaver [10].<\/p>\n
V\u00fdsledky<\/h2>\nKoncentrace fosforu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch profilech<\/h3>\n
V\u00a0tabulce 1<\/em> jsou uvedeny pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9, maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty koncentrac\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho (Pcelk<\/sub>), a\u00a0fosfore\u010dnanov\u00e9ho (P-PO4<\/sub>) fosforu pro jednotliv\u00e9 profily odb\u011bru vzork\u016f. Vysok\u00e9 koncentrace Pcelk <\/sub>\u0159ad\u00ed vodu profil\u016f a\u017e do IV.\u2013V. t\u0159\u00eddy jakosti podle \u010cSN 75 7221 [11]. V\u00fdjimkou je profil BF 1\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159\u00edtok do reten\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee R1 (horn\u00ed tok Motolsk\u00e9ho potoka). Data pro profil BF 9\u00a0\u2013 odtok z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159 pro rok 2018 jsou p\u0159evzata z\u00a0[12].<\/p>\nTabulka 1. Koncentrace fosforu v\u00a0profilech
\nTable 1. Phosphorus concentrations in profiles<\/h5>\n<\/a>\nFytobentos<\/h3>\nKvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu<\/h4>\n
Kvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu bylo ve v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch profilech podobn\u00e9, se z\u0159etelnou dominanc\u00ed dvou hlavn\u00edch skupin, rozsivek (Bacillariophyceae) a zelen\u00fdch \u0159as z t\u0159\u00eddy Chlorophyceae. Ve druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se ov\u0161em na rozd\u00edl od rozsivek nejedn\u00e1 o typick\u00e9 bentick\u00e9 \u0159asy, n\u00fdbr\u017e o \u0159asy planktonn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly do sledovan\u00fdch profil\u016f zaneseny z p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch stojat\u00fdch vod (rybn\u00edk\u016f \u010di vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed). S ohledem na to, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o typickou letn\u00ed slo\u017eku fytoplanktonu, hojn\u011bji a ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci se vyskytovaly a\u017e v r\u00e1mci letn\u00edch a podzimn\u00edch odb\u011br\u016f.<\/p>\n
Z\u00a0rozsivek dominovaly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm velmi hojn\u00e9 druhy charakteristick\u00e9 pro vody s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010di st\u0159edn\u00ed trofi\u00ed, \u010dasto tolerantn\u00ed ke zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u010di druhy se \u0161irokou ekologickou amplitudou, jmenovit\u011b zejm\u00e9na Diatoma vulgaris<\/em>, Navicula lanceolata<\/em>, Navicula tripunctata<\/em>, Synedra ulna<\/em>, Navicula gregaria<\/em>, Melosira varians<\/em>, Nitzschia acicularis<\/em> atd. Ze zelen\u00fdch \u0159as zejm\u00e9na b\u011b\u017en\u00ed z\u00e1stupci eutrofn\u00edch vod z\u00a0rod\u016f Desmodesmus<\/em>, Pediastrum<\/em> s.l., Coelastrum<\/em>, Actinastrum<\/em>, Monoraphidium<\/em> atd. Ostatn\u00ed skupiny \u0159as (v\u010detn\u011b sinic) byly vesm\u011bs zastoupeny pouze minoritn\u011b a\u00a0a\u017e na v\u00fdjimky se jejich z\u00e1stupci nepod\u00edleli na slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev v\u00fdznamn\u011b ani kvantitativn\u011b. T\u011bmito v\u00fdjimkami byl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt (oproti ostatn\u00edm profil\u016fm) n\u011bkter\u00fdch vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch \u0159as (zejm\u00e9na Audouinella<\/em> sp. a\u00a0Cladophora glomerata<\/em>) na profilech BF 4, BF 5 a\u00a0v\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e tak\u00e9 na profilech BF 8 a\u00a0BF 9.<\/p>\nI\u00a0p\u0159es pom\u011brn\u011b vysokou celkovou druhovou diverzitu zaznamenanou na jednotliv\u00fdch profilech (podrobn\u011bji viz n\u00ed\u017ee) nebyly ve vzorc\u00edch nalezeny t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 druhy, za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1lez vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho bi\u010d\u00edkovce Tetraselmis cordiformis<\/em> na profilech BF 5, BF 7 a\u00a0BF 8 \u010di n\u00e1lez pozoruhodn\u00e9, v\u00a0\u010cR roztrou\u0161en\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed haptofytn\u00ed \u0159asy Hymenomonas roseola<\/em> na profilech BF 3 a\u00a0BF 8.<\/p>\nKvantitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu<\/h4>\n
Celkov\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita byla na v\u0161ech hodnocen\u00fdch profilech velmi podobn\u00e1, pohybovala se mezi 124 (profil BF 7) a\u00a0150 druhy (profil BF 2). Jedinou v\u00fdjimkou byl profil BF 1 s\u00a0celkem 70 druhy, u\u00a0n\u011bj byla ov\u0161em tato hodnota v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bna vyschnut\u00edm od l\u00e9ta 2018 do jara 2019, hodnoceny byly tud\u00ed\u017e vzorky pouze ze t\u0159\u00ed odb\u011br\u016f. Nav\u00edc bylo i\u00a0na n\u00edzk\u00e9 diverzit\u011b zejm\u00e9na letn\u00edho vzorku z\u00a0roku 2019 a\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 abundanci v\u011bt\u0161iny \u0159as patrn\u00e9, \u017ee se spole\u010denstva fytobentosu teprve vzpamatov\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00a0dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00edho vyschnut\u00ed. Zhruba srovnateln\u00e1 byla u\u00a0v\u0161ech profil\u016f i\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita na vzorek, kter\u00e1 se pohybovala (s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou profilu BF 1 se 37 druhy) od 41 druh\u016f (profil BF 5) do 59 druh\u016f (profil BF 2). Jak u\u017e bylo ov\u0161em zm\u00edn\u011bno v\u00fd\u0161e, druhov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev fytobentosu bylo zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0letn\u00edm a\u00a0podzimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bno splaven\u00edm planktonn\u00edch z\u00e1stupc\u016f z\u00a0p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch stojat\u00fdch vod, zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly tedy nemaj\u00ed jednozna\u010dnou vypov\u00eddac\u00ed schopnost. M\u00edra odli\u0161nosti mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi lokalitami byla tedy do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry d\u00e1na odli\u0161nost\u00ed druhov\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed letn\u00edch vzork\u016f, tj. v\u00a0podstat\u011b m\u00edrou ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch profil\u016f p\u0159ilehl\u00fdmi stojat\u00fdmi vodami, z\u00a0nich\u017e byly na dan\u00e1 odb\u011brov\u00e1 m\u00edsta splaveny planktonn\u00ed \u0159asy a\u00a0sinice (kter\u00e9 byly ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed slo\u017ekou zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti), sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi rozd\u00edly v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch spole\u010denstvech jejich fytobentosu.<\/p>\n
Makrozoobentos<\/h3>\n
V\u00fdsledky stanoven\u00ed makrozoobentosu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch sledovan\u00fdch profilech za obdob\u00ed let 2018\u20132019 jsou uvedeny v\u00a0tabulce 2<\/em>. V\u00fdsledky jsou pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi hodnotami ukazatel\u016f ze dvou (profil BF 1\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu 2018 a\u00a0v\u00a0dubnu 2019 byl bez vody), t\u0159\u00ed (profil BF 2\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0dubnu 2019 byl bez vody; profil BF 7\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu 2019 siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn vysok\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem a\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00edm sedimentu vzhledem k\u00a0vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k a\u00a0odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sedimentu v\u00a0roce 2019) a\u00a0\u010dty\u0159 odb\u011br\u016f (ostatn\u00ed profily).<\/p>\nTabulka 2. Charakteristiky spole\u010denstev makrozoobentosu ve sledovan\u00fdch profilech (n: po\u010det jedinc\u016f ve vzorku, Si: saprobn\u00ed index, H: index diversity Shannon-Weaver)
\nTable 2. Characteristics of macroinvertebrate communities in the studied profiles (n: number of individuals per sample, Si: saprobic index, H: Shannon-Weaver diversity index)<\/h5>\n<\/a>\nKvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed makrozoobentosu<\/h4>\n
Kvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed makrozoobentosu bylo ve v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch profilech obdobn\u00e9, li\u0161ilo se sp\u00ed\u0161e pom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch taxon\u016f. V\u017edy byly (v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e) zastoupeni m\u00e1lo\u0161t\u011btinatci (Oligochaeta\u00a0\u2013 Tubificidae), pijavky (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Erpobdella octoculata<\/em>), kor\u00fd\u0161i Asellus aquaticus<\/em>,\u00a0m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161i (v\u011bt\u0161inou Pisidium <\/em>sp. a\u00a0Bythinia <\/em>sp.), larvy Chironomidae, larvy chrost\u00edk\u016f (hlavn\u011b Hydropsyche angustipennis<\/em>), ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b profil\u016f i\u00a0larvy jepic (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Baetis fuscatus<\/em>) a\u00a0\u010dast\u00e9 byly i\u00a0larvy muchni\u010dek (Simulium <\/em>sp.).<\/p>\nV\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch profilech se vyskytovali (i\u00a0ve zna\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed) \u017eahavci (nezmar\u00a0\u2013 Hydra <\/em>sp.\u00a0\u2013 profily BF 2, BF 3, BF 4, BF 5); v\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed larvy pakom\u00e1rcovit\u00fdch (Ceratopogonidae\u00a0\u2013 profily BF 1, BF 3, BF 4, BF 5, BF 7), kor\u00fd\u0161 Gammarus fossarum<\/em> (profily BF 3, BF 4, BF 5, BF 7). Larvy i\u00a0dosp\u011blci brouk\u016f (Coleoptera\u00a0\u2013 Elmis <\/em>sp.<\/em>) se vyskytovali pouze v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch tok\u016f (profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9). V\u00a0profilech BF 3, BF 4, BF 9 byly ojedin\u011ble nalezeny larvy v\u00e1\u017eek (Odonata\u00a0\u2013 Calopteryx <\/em>sp., Coenagrion <\/em>sp.), v\u00a0profilech BF 4 a\u00a0BF 8 drav\u00e9 larvy chrost\u00edk\u016f (Rhyacophila <\/em>sp.) a\u00a0v\u00a0profilu BF 8 pl\u017e Ancylus fluviatilis<\/em>.<\/p>\nAbundance organism\u016f\u00a0\u2013 po\u010det organism\u016f na standardn\u00ed vzorek<\/h4>\n
Podle o\u017eiven\u00ed lze profily za\u0159adit do n\u011bkolika skupin. V\u00fdrazn\u011b nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed o\u017eiven\u00ed vykazoval profil BF 1 (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do R1\u2013R3)\u00a0\u2013 vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd, s\u00a0velmi kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edm pr\u016ftokem, ob\u010das bez vody (organismy pouze v\u00a0mezer\u00e1ch mezi dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm). Jako n\u00edzkou lze charakterizovat i\u00a0abundanci makrozoobentosu v\u00a0profilu BF 7\u00a0\u2013 vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 koryto, siln\u011b ovliv\u0148ovan\u00e9 kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edm odtokem ze \u0160eber\u00e1ku a\u00a0zan\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 jemn\u00fdmi rybni\u010dn\u00edmi sedimenty. Dal\u0161\u00ed skupinu tvo\u0159\u00ed profily BF 2, BF 3, tak\u00e9 s\u00a0vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdm korytem, ale s\u00a0trval\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem, na dn\u011b je p\u0159\u00edtomen sediment a\u00a0kameny r\u016fzn\u00e9 velikosti. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 abundance (ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi sledovan\u00fdmi profily) byla v\u00a0profilu BF 5\u00a0\u2013 nap\u0159\u00edmen\u00e9 koryto, nevydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9, na dn\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jemn\u00fd sediment (v\u011bt\u0161inou splachy z\u00a0okoln\u00edch pol\u00ed). Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci makrozoobentosu vykazuj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9 (tabulka\u00a02<\/em>).<\/p>\nSaprobn\u00ed index<\/h4>\n
Hodnoty saprobn\u00edho indexu odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed hydrologick\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m a\u00a0kvalit\u011b vody potok\u016f. Na \u00farovni alfa-mesosaprobity jsou profily BF 1, BF 3 a\u00a0BF 7 (profil BF\u00a07\u00a0\u2013 Si 2,71, nejhor\u0161\u00ed ze sledovan\u00fdch\u00a0\u2013 je ovlivn\u011bn podm\u00ednkami odtoku z\u00a0rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k). Do stupn\u011b beta-mesosaprobita lze za\u0159adit ostatn\u00ed profily\u00a0\u2013 nejlep\u0161\u00ed je op\u011bt u\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch tok\u016f v\u00a0profilech BF 4, BF 8, BF 9 (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\nIndex diverzity<\/h4>\n
Ve sledovan\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch je nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed index diverzity (tj. relativn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed diverzita spole\u010denstva makrozoobentosu) v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch profilech BF 4 (Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n), BF 8, BF 9 (Boti\u010d) a\u00a0pon\u011bkud p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b v\u00a0profilu BF 1 (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do R1\u2013R3). Na profilu BF 1 je to d\u00e1no pom\u011brn\u011b rovnom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm taxon\u016f p\u0159i velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9m celkov\u00e9m po\u010dtu jedinc\u016f ve standardn\u00edm vzorku (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\nZ\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n
Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality vody pra\u017esk\u00fdch potok\u016f v\u00a0letech 2018\u20132019, v\u00a0jejich\u017e povod\u00ed jsou p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koupali\u0161t\u011b, zahrnovalo i\u00a0sledov\u00e1n\u00ed hydrobiologick\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f: fytobentos a\u00a0makrozoobentos. Vzorky byly na jednotliv\u00fdch potoc\u00edch odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny v\u00a0profilech p\u0159\u00edtok a\u00a0odtok t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch koupali\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n
Z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee spole\u010denstvo makrozoobentosu vykazuje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci a\u00a0druhovou diverzitu v\u00a0potoc\u00edch s\u00a0nejp\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi morfologick\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami (p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koryta potok\u016f Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00e9ho potoka pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n a\u00a0Boti\u010de nad i\u00a0pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed Hostiva\u0159, tj. profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9). I\u00a0tato spole\u010denstva v\u0161ak p\u0159i kombinaci vliv\u016f prost\u0159ed\u00ed (morfologie toku, kvalita vody, substr\u00e1t dna apod.) sv\u00fdm stupn\u011bm saprobity odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed hor\u0161\u00ed beta-mesosaprobit\u011b. Naopak ve spole\u010denstvech fytobentosu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edl (a\u017e na hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch forem v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch korytech) mezi p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi a\u00a0um\u011bl\u00fdmi profily zji\u0161t\u011bn nebyl. Pro vesm\u011bs p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00e9 \u0159asy (zejm\u00e9na rozsivky), kter\u00e9 v\u00a0uveden\u00fdch profilech dominuj\u00ed, se tedy zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem sp\u00ed\u0161e chemismus vody ne\u017e nap\u0159. mikrotopografie dna.<\/p>\n
Vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody z\u00a0hypolimnia n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n koncem l\u00e9ta v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje \u00fasek Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00e9ho potoka pod v\u00fdpust\u00ed (obr. 9<\/em>). Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu byl odb\u011br vzorku fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu posunut n\u011bkolik set metr\u016f po proudu (viz v\u00fd\u0161e).<\/p>\nJe z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed vliv na spole\u010denstva fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu ve sledovan\u00fdch toc\u00edch m\u00e1 (vedle vlastn\u00ed morfologie toku) i\u00a0trval\u00fd a\u00a0vysok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun \u017eivin (zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b P). P\u0159i p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 budouc\u00ed revitalizaci regulovan\u00fdch a\u00a0vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch potok\u016f bude nutno zahrnout i\u00a0\u00fapravu jejich morfologie a\u00a0substr\u00e1tu dna a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u011bnovat zna\u010dnou pozornost kvalit\u011b p\u0159it\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed vody.<\/p>\n
Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n
P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vznikl za podpory projektu CZ.07.1.02\/0.0\/0.0\/16_040\/0000382: Rekrea\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l vody v\u00a0Praze\u00a0\u2013 stav a\u00a0v\u00fdhledy; \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho v\u00a0r\u00e1mci opera\u010dn\u00edho programu Praha\u00a0\u2013 p\u00f3l r\u016fstu II.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The water quality monitoring of selected streams in Prague (which harbour in their catchment area natural bathing places) during 2018\u20132019 included also the monitoring of two hydrobiological indicators; the phytobenthos and macroinvertebrates communities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":8161,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[1927,1925,1926,1563],"coauthors":[22,1532,1531],"class_list":["post-8268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydrochemistry-radioecology-microbiology","tag-macroinvertebrates","tag-natural-public-bathing-places","tag-phytobenthos","tag-prague-streams"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8268"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30588,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268\/revisions\/30588"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8268"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=8268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nFig. 2. Sampling sites, Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd stream, D\u017eb\u00e1n water reservoir; 1\u00a0\u2013 inflow, 2\u00a0\u2013 outflow<\/h6>\n
<\/a>\nObr. 3. Odb\u011brov\u00e1 m\u00edsta, rybn\u00edk \u0160eber\u00e1k; 1\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159\u00edtok Vesteck\u00fd potok, 2\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159\u00edtok Kunratick\u00fd potok, 3\u00a0\u2013 odtok
\nFig. 3. Sampling sites, \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond; 1\u00a0\u2013 Vesteck\u00fd stream inflow, 2\u00a0\u2013 Kunratick\u00fd stream inflow, 3\u00a0\u2013 outflow<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 4. Odb\u011brov\u00e1 m\u00edsta, Boti\u010d, n\u00e1dr\u017e Hostiva\u0159; 1\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159\u00edtok, 2\u00a0\u2013 odtok
\nFig. 4. Sampling sites, Boti\u010d stream, Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir; 1\u00a0\u2013 inflow, 2\u00a0\u2013 outflow<\/h6>\nCharakteristika lokalit<\/h3>\n\n- BF 1<\/strong> (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do reten\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed R1\u2212R3): \u201enat\u011bsno\u201c vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 koryto, v podstat\u011b bez sedimentu, ob\u010das t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bez vody (obr. 5<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 2<\/strong> (Motolsk\u00fd potok, odtok z reten\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed R1\u2212R3): vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 koryto, na dn\u011b p\u00edsek a men\u0161\u00ed kameny, trvale zavodn\u011bn\u00e9 (obr. 6<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 3<\/strong> (Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n): vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 koryto, na dn\u011b p\u00edsek a kameny (i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed), trvale zavodn\u011bn\u00e9 (obr. 7<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 4<\/strong> (Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok, odtok z n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n): p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koryto, p\u00edsek, kameny r\u016fzn\u00e9 velikosti, pono\u0159en\u00e1 makrovegetace (obr. 8<\/em>). Vzhledem ke kvalit\u011b vody odtoku z\u00a0hypolimnia n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b koncem l\u00e9ta (H2<\/sub>S, bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed povlaky dna\u00a0\u2013 obr. 9<\/em>), nebyly vzorky fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edmo pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed; odb\u011br byl posunut cca 500 m n\u00ed\u017ee,<\/li>\n
- BF 5<\/strong> (Vesteck\u00fd potok, lev\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k): nap\u0159\u00edmen\u00fd potok, nedl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd, na dn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161inou bahno z okoln\u00edch pol\u00ed, ob\u010das p\u00edsek, kameny vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, pouze drobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed valounky (obr. 10<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 6<\/strong> (Kunratick\u00fd potok, prav\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k): nehodnocen \u2013 po cel\u00e9 sledovan\u00e9 obdob\u00ed do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k voda neodt\u00e9kala, profil se zm\u011bnil na mok\u0159ad (obr. 11<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 7<\/strong> (Kunratick\u00fd potok, odtok z rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k): um\u011bl\u00e9 koryto, vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9, na dn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161inou jemn\u00e9 bahno z rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k \u2212 zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b b\u011bhem vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sediment\u016f v roce 2019 (obr. 12<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 8<\/strong> (Boti\u010d, p\u0159\u00edtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159): p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koryto, na dn\u011b p\u00edsek, drobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kameny (obr. 13<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 9<\/strong> (Boti\u010d, odtok z n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159): p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koryto, vtok do p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed rezervace Meandry Boti\u010de (obr. 14<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/a>\n
Obr. 5. Profil BF 1, Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do reten\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed R1\u2013R3
\nFig. 5. BF 1 profile; Motolsk\u00fd stream, inflow into the R1\u2013R3 retention tanks<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 6. Profil BF 2, Motolsk\u00fd potok, odtok z\u00a0reten\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed R1\u2013R3
\nFig. 6. BF 2 profile; Motolsk\u00fd stream, outflow from the R1\u2013R3 retention tanks<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 7. Profil BF 3, Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n
\nFig. 7. BF 3 profile; Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd stream, inflow into the D\u017eb\u00e1n water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 8. Profil BF 4, Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok, cca 500 m pod odtokem z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n
\nFig. 8. BF 4 profile; Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd stream, cca 500 m under the outflow from the D\u017eb\u00e1n water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 9. Vzhled odtoku p\u0159\u00edmo pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n
\nFig. 9. The ouflow directly under the D\u017eb\u00e1n water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 10. Profil BF 5, Vesteck\u00fd potok, levostrann\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k
\nFig. 10. BF 5 profile; Vesteck\u00fd stream, left side inflow into the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 11. Profil BF 6, Kunratick\u00fd potok, pravostrann\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k
\nFig. 11. BF 6 profile; Kunratick\u00fd stream, right side inflow into the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 12. Profil BF 7, Kunratick\u00fd potok, odtok z\u00a0rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k
\nFig. 12. BF 7 profile; Kunratick\u00fd stream, outflow from the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 13. Profil BF 8, Boti\u010d, p\u0159\u00edtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159
\nFig. 13. BF 8 profile; Boti\u010d stream, inflow into the Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 14. Profil BF 9, Boti\u010d, odtok z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159
\nFig. 14. BF 9 profile; Boti\u010d stream, outflow from the Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir<\/h6>\nMetodika odb\u011br\u016f a\u00a0anal\u00fdz vzork\u016f<\/h2>\nFytobentos<\/h3>\n
Vzorky fytobentosu byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny z\u00a0charakteristick\u00e9ho \u00faseku toku v\u017edy t\u0159ikr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b (duben, srpen, listopad). Odb\u011bry i\u00a0anal\u00fdza druhov\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed byly provedeny v\u00a0souladu se standardn\u00edmi metodami podle \u010cSN [3\u20136], v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m vzorku byly vyhodnoceny relativn\u00ed abundance jednotliv\u00fdch druh\u016f \u0159as podle z\u00e1kladn\u00ed stupnice, viz [5].<\/p>\n
Makrozoobentos<\/h3>\n
Vzorky makrozoobentosu byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0metodikou M\u017dP a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi platn\u00fdmi normami [7, 8]. Vzorky z\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch profil\u016f byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny metodou \u201ekick samples\u201c dvakr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b (duben, listopad) z\u00a0charakteristick\u00e9ho \u00faseku toku. Z\u00a0odebran\u00e9ho vzorku byly (po opl\u00e1chnut\u00ed vodou z\u00a0lokality) odstran\u011bny zachycen\u00e9 velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice (list\u00ed, makrofyta, \u2026). Vzorek byl n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159eveden do vzorkovnice a\u00a0nafixov\u00e1n etanolem. V\u00a0laborato\u0159i byly pod binokul\u00e1rn\u00ed lupou odebran\u00e9 vzorky podrobn\u011b prohl\u00e9dnuty, p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 organismy p\u0159evedeny do 70 % etanolu a\u00a0ur\u010deny (binokul\u00e1rn\u00ed lupa, mikroskop).<\/p>\n
Ve vzorc\u00edch byl stanoven celkov\u00fd po\u010det organism\u016f v\u00a0odebran\u00e9m standardn\u00edm vzorku [7, 8], saprobn\u00ed index [9] a\u00a0index diverzity Shannon-Weaver [10].<\/p>\n
V\u00fdsledky<\/h2>\nKoncentrace fosforu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch profilech<\/h3>\n
V\u00a0tabulce 1<\/em> jsou uvedeny pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9, maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty koncentrac\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho (Pcelk<\/sub>), a\u00a0fosfore\u010dnanov\u00e9ho (P-PO4<\/sub>) fosforu pro jednotliv\u00e9 profily odb\u011bru vzork\u016f. Vysok\u00e9 koncentrace Pcelk <\/sub>\u0159ad\u00ed vodu profil\u016f a\u017e do IV.\u2013V. t\u0159\u00eddy jakosti podle \u010cSN 75 7221 [11]. V\u00fdjimkou je profil BF 1\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159\u00edtok do reten\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee R1 (horn\u00ed tok Motolsk\u00e9ho potoka). Data pro profil BF 9\u00a0\u2013 odtok z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159 pro rok 2018 jsou p\u0159evzata z\u00a0[12].<\/p>\nTabulka 1. Koncentrace fosforu v\u00a0profilech
\nTable 1. Phosphorus concentrations in profiles<\/h5>\n<\/a>\nFytobentos<\/h3>\nKvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu<\/h4>\n
Kvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu bylo ve v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch profilech podobn\u00e9, se z\u0159etelnou dominanc\u00ed dvou hlavn\u00edch skupin, rozsivek (Bacillariophyceae) a zelen\u00fdch \u0159as z t\u0159\u00eddy Chlorophyceae. Ve druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se ov\u0161em na rozd\u00edl od rozsivek nejedn\u00e1 o typick\u00e9 bentick\u00e9 \u0159asy, n\u00fdbr\u017e o \u0159asy planktonn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly do sledovan\u00fdch profil\u016f zaneseny z p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch stojat\u00fdch vod (rybn\u00edk\u016f \u010di vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed). S ohledem na to, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o typickou letn\u00ed slo\u017eku fytoplanktonu, hojn\u011bji a ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci se vyskytovaly a\u017e v r\u00e1mci letn\u00edch a podzimn\u00edch odb\u011br\u016f.<\/p>\n
Z\u00a0rozsivek dominovaly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm velmi hojn\u00e9 druhy charakteristick\u00e9 pro vody s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010di st\u0159edn\u00ed trofi\u00ed, \u010dasto tolerantn\u00ed ke zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u010di druhy se \u0161irokou ekologickou amplitudou, jmenovit\u011b zejm\u00e9na Diatoma vulgaris<\/em>, Navicula lanceolata<\/em>, Navicula tripunctata<\/em>, Synedra ulna<\/em>, Navicula gregaria<\/em>, Melosira varians<\/em>, Nitzschia acicularis<\/em> atd. Ze zelen\u00fdch \u0159as zejm\u00e9na b\u011b\u017en\u00ed z\u00e1stupci eutrofn\u00edch vod z\u00a0rod\u016f Desmodesmus<\/em>, Pediastrum<\/em> s.l., Coelastrum<\/em>, Actinastrum<\/em>, Monoraphidium<\/em> atd. Ostatn\u00ed skupiny \u0159as (v\u010detn\u011b sinic) byly vesm\u011bs zastoupeny pouze minoritn\u011b a\u00a0a\u017e na v\u00fdjimky se jejich z\u00e1stupci nepod\u00edleli na slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev v\u00fdznamn\u011b ani kvantitativn\u011b. T\u011bmito v\u00fdjimkami byl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt (oproti ostatn\u00edm profil\u016fm) n\u011bkter\u00fdch vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch \u0159as (zejm\u00e9na Audouinella<\/em> sp. a\u00a0Cladophora glomerata<\/em>) na profilech BF 4, BF 5 a\u00a0v\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e tak\u00e9 na profilech BF 8 a\u00a0BF 9.<\/p>\nI\u00a0p\u0159es pom\u011brn\u011b vysokou celkovou druhovou diverzitu zaznamenanou na jednotliv\u00fdch profilech (podrobn\u011bji viz n\u00ed\u017ee) nebyly ve vzorc\u00edch nalezeny t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 druhy, za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1lez vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho bi\u010d\u00edkovce Tetraselmis cordiformis<\/em> na profilech BF 5, BF 7 a\u00a0BF 8 \u010di n\u00e1lez pozoruhodn\u00e9, v\u00a0\u010cR roztrou\u0161en\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed haptofytn\u00ed \u0159asy Hymenomonas roseola<\/em> na profilech BF 3 a\u00a0BF 8.<\/p>\nKvantitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu<\/h4>\n
Celkov\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita byla na v\u0161ech hodnocen\u00fdch profilech velmi podobn\u00e1, pohybovala se mezi 124 (profil BF 7) a\u00a0150 druhy (profil BF 2). Jedinou v\u00fdjimkou byl profil BF 1 s\u00a0celkem 70 druhy, u\u00a0n\u011bj byla ov\u0161em tato hodnota v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bna vyschnut\u00edm od l\u00e9ta 2018 do jara 2019, hodnoceny byly tud\u00ed\u017e vzorky pouze ze t\u0159\u00ed odb\u011br\u016f. Nav\u00edc bylo i\u00a0na n\u00edzk\u00e9 diverzit\u011b zejm\u00e9na letn\u00edho vzorku z\u00a0roku 2019 a\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 abundanci v\u011bt\u0161iny \u0159as patrn\u00e9, \u017ee se spole\u010denstva fytobentosu teprve vzpamatov\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00a0dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00edho vyschnut\u00ed. Zhruba srovnateln\u00e1 byla u\u00a0v\u0161ech profil\u016f i\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita na vzorek, kter\u00e1 se pohybovala (s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou profilu BF 1 se 37 druhy) od 41 druh\u016f (profil BF 5) do 59 druh\u016f (profil BF 2). Jak u\u017e bylo ov\u0161em zm\u00edn\u011bno v\u00fd\u0161e, druhov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev fytobentosu bylo zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0letn\u00edm a\u00a0podzimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bno splaven\u00edm planktonn\u00edch z\u00e1stupc\u016f z\u00a0p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch stojat\u00fdch vod, zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly tedy nemaj\u00ed jednozna\u010dnou vypov\u00eddac\u00ed schopnost. M\u00edra odli\u0161nosti mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi lokalitami byla tedy do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry d\u00e1na odli\u0161nost\u00ed druhov\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed letn\u00edch vzork\u016f, tj. v\u00a0podstat\u011b m\u00edrou ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch profil\u016f p\u0159ilehl\u00fdmi stojat\u00fdmi vodami, z\u00a0nich\u017e byly na dan\u00e1 odb\u011brov\u00e1 m\u00edsta splaveny planktonn\u00ed \u0159asy a\u00a0sinice (kter\u00e9 byly ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed slo\u017ekou zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti), sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi rozd\u00edly v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch spole\u010denstvech jejich fytobentosu.<\/p>\n
Makrozoobentos<\/h3>\n
V\u00fdsledky stanoven\u00ed makrozoobentosu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch sledovan\u00fdch profilech za obdob\u00ed let 2018\u20132019 jsou uvedeny v\u00a0tabulce 2<\/em>. V\u00fdsledky jsou pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi hodnotami ukazatel\u016f ze dvou (profil BF 1\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu 2018 a\u00a0v\u00a0dubnu 2019 byl bez vody), t\u0159\u00ed (profil BF 2\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0dubnu 2019 byl bez vody; profil BF 7\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu 2019 siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn vysok\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem a\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00edm sedimentu vzhledem k\u00a0vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k a\u00a0odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sedimentu v\u00a0roce 2019) a\u00a0\u010dty\u0159 odb\u011br\u016f (ostatn\u00ed profily).<\/p>\nTabulka 2. Charakteristiky spole\u010denstev makrozoobentosu ve sledovan\u00fdch profilech (n: po\u010det jedinc\u016f ve vzorku, Si: saprobn\u00ed index, H: index diversity Shannon-Weaver)
\nTable 2. Characteristics of macroinvertebrate communities in the studied profiles (n: number of individuals per sample, Si: saprobic index, H: Shannon-Weaver diversity index)<\/h5>\n<\/a>\nKvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed makrozoobentosu<\/h4>\n
Kvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed makrozoobentosu bylo ve v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch profilech obdobn\u00e9, li\u0161ilo se sp\u00ed\u0161e pom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch taxon\u016f. V\u017edy byly (v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e) zastoupeni m\u00e1lo\u0161t\u011btinatci (Oligochaeta\u00a0\u2013 Tubificidae), pijavky (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Erpobdella octoculata<\/em>), kor\u00fd\u0161i Asellus aquaticus<\/em>,\u00a0m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161i (v\u011bt\u0161inou Pisidium <\/em>sp. a\u00a0Bythinia <\/em>sp.), larvy Chironomidae, larvy chrost\u00edk\u016f (hlavn\u011b Hydropsyche angustipennis<\/em>), ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b profil\u016f i\u00a0larvy jepic (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Baetis fuscatus<\/em>) a\u00a0\u010dast\u00e9 byly i\u00a0larvy muchni\u010dek (Simulium <\/em>sp.).<\/p>\nV\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch profilech se vyskytovali (i\u00a0ve zna\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed) \u017eahavci (nezmar\u00a0\u2013 Hydra <\/em>sp.\u00a0\u2013 profily BF 2, BF 3, BF 4, BF 5); v\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed larvy pakom\u00e1rcovit\u00fdch (Ceratopogonidae\u00a0\u2013 profily BF 1, BF 3, BF 4, BF 5, BF 7), kor\u00fd\u0161 Gammarus fossarum<\/em> (profily BF 3, BF 4, BF 5, BF 7). Larvy i\u00a0dosp\u011blci brouk\u016f (Coleoptera\u00a0\u2013 Elmis <\/em>sp.<\/em>) se vyskytovali pouze v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch tok\u016f (profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9). V\u00a0profilech BF 3, BF 4, BF 9 byly ojedin\u011ble nalezeny larvy v\u00e1\u017eek (Odonata\u00a0\u2013 Calopteryx <\/em>sp., Coenagrion <\/em>sp.), v\u00a0profilech BF 4 a\u00a0BF 8 drav\u00e9 larvy chrost\u00edk\u016f (Rhyacophila <\/em>sp.) a\u00a0v\u00a0profilu BF 8 pl\u017e Ancylus fluviatilis<\/em>.<\/p>\nAbundance organism\u016f\u00a0\u2013 po\u010det organism\u016f na standardn\u00ed vzorek<\/h4>\n
Podle o\u017eiven\u00ed lze profily za\u0159adit do n\u011bkolika skupin. V\u00fdrazn\u011b nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed o\u017eiven\u00ed vykazoval profil BF 1 (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do R1\u2013R3)\u00a0\u2013 vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd, s\u00a0velmi kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edm pr\u016ftokem, ob\u010das bez vody (organismy pouze v\u00a0mezer\u00e1ch mezi dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm). Jako n\u00edzkou lze charakterizovat i\u00a0abundanci makrozoobentosu v\u00a0profilu BF 7\u00a0\u2013 vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 koryto, siln\u011b ovliv\u0148ovan\u00e9 kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edm odtokem ze \u0160eber\u00e1ku a\u00a0zan\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 jemn\u00fdmi rybni\u010dn\u00edmi sedimenty. Dal\u0161\u00ed skupinu tvo\u0159\u00ed profily BF 2, BF 3, tak\u00e9 s\u00a0vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdm korytem, ale s\u00a0trval\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem, na dn\u011b je p\u0159\u00edtomen sediment a\u00a0kameny r\u016fzn\u00e9 velikosti. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 abundance (ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi sledovan\u00fdmi profily) byla v\u00a0profilu BF 5\u00a0\u2013 nap\u0159\u00edmen\u00e9 koryto, nevydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9, na dn\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jemn\u00fd sediment (v\u011bt\u0161inou splachy z\u00a0okoln\u00edch pol\u00ed). Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci makrozoobentosu vykazuj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9 (tabulka\u00a02<\/em>).<\/p>\nSaprobn\u00ed index<\/h4>\n
Hodnoty saprobn\u00edho indexu odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed hydrologick\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m a\u00a0kvalit\u011b vody potok\u016f. Na \u00farovni alfa-mesosaprobity jsou profily BF 1, BF 3 a\u00a0BF 7 (profil BF\u00a07\u00a0\u2013 Si 2,71, nejhor\u0161\u00ed ze sledovan\u00fdch\u00a0\u2013 je ovlivn\u011bn podm\u00ednkami odtoku z\u00a0rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k). Do stupn\u011b beta-mesosaprobita lze za\u0159adit ostatn\u00ed profily\u00a0\u2013 nejlep\u0161\u00ed je op\u011bt u\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch tok\u016f v\u00a0profilech BF 4, BF 8, BF 9 (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\nIndex diverzity<\/h4>\n
Ve sledovan\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch je nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed index diverzity (tj. relativn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed diverzita spole\u010denstva makrozoobentosu) v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch profilech BF 4 (Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n), BF 8, BF 9 (Boti\u010d) a\u00a0pon\u011bkud p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b v\u00a0profilu BF 1 (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do R1\u2013R3). Na profilu BF 1 je to d\u00e1no pom\u011brn\u011b rovnom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm taxon\u016f p\u0159i velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9m celkov\u00e9m po\u010dtu jedinc\u016f ve standardn\u00edm vzorku (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\nZ\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n
Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality vody pra\u017esk\u00fdch potok\u016f v\u00a0letech 2018\u20132019, v\u00a0jejich\u017e povod\u00ed jsou p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koupali\u0161t\u011b, zahrnovalo i\u00a0sledov\u00e1n\u00ed hydrobiologick\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f: fytobentos a\u00a0makrozoobentos. Vzorky byly na jednotliv\u00fdch potoc\u00edch odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny v\u00a0profilech p\u0159\u00edtok a\u00a0odtok t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch koupali\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n
Z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee spole\u010denstvo makrozoobentosu vykazuje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci a\u00a0druhovou diverzitu v\u00a0potoc\u00edch s\u00a0nejp\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi morfologick\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami (p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koryta potok\u016f Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00e9ho potoka pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n a\u00a0Boti\u010de nad i\u00a0pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed Hostiva\u0159, tj. profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9). I\u00a0tato spole\u010denstva v\u0161ak p\u0159i kombinaci vliv\u016f prost\u0159ed\u00ed (morfologie toku, kvalita vody, substr\u00e1t dna apod.) sv\u00fdm stupn\u011bm saprobity odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed hor\u0161\u00ed beta-mesosaprobit\u011b. Naopak ve spole\u010denstvech fytobentosu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edl (a\u017e na hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch forem v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch korytech) mezi p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi a\u00a0um\u011bl\u00fdmi profily zji\u0161t\u011bn nebyl. Pro vesm\u011bs p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00e9 \u0159asy (zejm\u00e9na rozsivky), kter\u00e9 v\u00a0uveden\u00fdch profilech dominuj\u00ed, se tedy zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem sp\u00ed\u0161e chemismus vody ne\u017e nap\u0159. mikrotopografie dna.<\/p>\n
Vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody z\u00a0hypolimnia n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n koncem l\u00e9ta v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje \u00fasek Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00e9ho potoka pod v\u00fdpust\u00ed (obr. 9<\/em>). Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu byl odb\u011br vzorku fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu posunut n\u011bkolik set metr\u016f po proudu (viz v\u00fd\u0161e).<\/p>\nJe z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed vliv na spole\u010denstva fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu ve sledovan\u00fdch toc\u00edch m\u00e1 (vedle vlastn\u00ed morfologie toku) i\u00a0trval\u00fd a\u00a0vysok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun \u017eivin (zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b P). P\u0159i p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 budouc\u00ed revitalizaci regulovan\u00fdch a\u00a0vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch potok\u016f bude nutno zahrnout i\u00a0\u00fapravu jejich morfologie a\u00a0substr\u00e1tu dna a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u011bnovat zna\u010dnou pozornost kvalit\u011b p\u0159it\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed vody.<\/p>\n
Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n
P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vznikl za podpory projektu CZ.07.1.02\/0.0\/0.0\/16_040\/0000382: Rekrea\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l vody v\u00a0Praze\u00a0\u2013 stav a\u00a0v\u00fdhledy; \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho v\u00a0r\u00e1mci opera\u010dn\u00edho programu Praha\u00a0\u2013 p\u00f3l r\u016fstu II.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The water quality monitoring of selected streams in Prague (which harbour in their catchment area natural bathing places) during 2018\u20132019 included also the monitoring of two hydrobiological indicators; the phytobenthos and macroinvertebrates communities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":8161,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[1927,1925,1926,1563],"coauthors":[22,1532,1531],"class_list":["post-8268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydrochemistry-radioecology-microbiology","tag-macroinvertebrates","tag-natural-public-bathing-places","tag-phytobenthos","tag-prague-streams"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8268"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30588,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268\/revisions\/30588"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8268"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=8268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nFig. 4. Sampling sites, Boti\u010d stream, Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir; 1\u00a0\u2013 inflow, 2\u00a0\u2013 outflow<\/h6>\n
Charakteristika lokalit<\/h3>\n\n- BF 1<\/strong> (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do reten\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed R1\u2212R3): \u201enat\u011bsno\u201c vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 koryto, v podstat\u011b bez sedimentu, ob\u010das t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bez vody (obr. 5<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 2<\/strong> (Motolsk\u00fd potok, odtok z reten\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed R1\u2212R3): vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 koryto, na dn\u011b p\u00edsek a men\u0161\u00ed kameny, trvale zavodn\u011bn\u00e9 (obr. 6<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 3<\/strong> (Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n): vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 koryto, na dn\u011b p\u00edsek a kameny (i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed), trvale zavodn\u011bn\u00e9 (obr. 7<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 4<\/strong> (Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok, odtok z n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n): p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koryto, p\u00edsek, kameny r\u016fzn\u00e9 velikosti, pono\u0159en\u00e1 makrovegetace (obr. 8<\/em>). Vzhledem ke kvalit\u011b vody odtoku z\u00a0hypolimnia n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b koncem l\u00e9ta (H2<\/sub>S, bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed povlaky dna\u00a0\u2013 obr. 9<\/em>), nebyly vzorky fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edmo pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed; odb\u011br byl posunut cca 500 m n\u00ed\u017ee,<\/li>\n
- BF 5<\/strong> (Vesteck\u00fd potok, lev\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k): nap\u0159\u00edmen\u00fd potok, nedl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd, na dn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161inou bahno z okoln\u00edch pol\u00ed, ob\u010das p\u00edsek, kameny vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, pouze drobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed valounky (obr. 10<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 6<\/strong> (Kunratick\u00fd potok, prav\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k): nehodnocen \u2013 po cel\u00e9 sledovan\u00e9 obdob\u00ed do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k voda neodt\u00e9kala, profil se zm\u011bnil na mok\u0159ad (obr. 11<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 7<\/strong> (Kunratick\u00fd potok, odtok z rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k): um\u011bl\u00e9 koryto, vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9, na dn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161inou jemn\u00e9 bahno z rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k \u2212 zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b b\u011bhem vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sediment\u016f v roce 2019 (obr. 12<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 8<\/strong> (Boti\u010d, p\u0159\u00edtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159): p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koryto, na dn\u011b p\u00edsek, drobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kameny (obr. 13<\/em>),<\/li>\n
- BF 9<\/strong> (Boti\u010d, odtok z n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159): p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koryto, vtok do p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed rezervace Meandry Boti\u010de (obr. 14<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/a>\n
Obr. 5. Profil BF 1, Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do reten\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed R1\u2013R3
\nFig. 5. BF 1 profile; Motolsk\u00fd stream, inflow into the R1\u2013R3 retention tanks<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 6. Profil BF 2, Motolsk\u00fd potok, odtok z\u00a0reten\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed R1\u2013R3
\nFig. 6. BF 2 profile; Motolsk\u00fd stream, outflow from the R1\u2013R3 retention tanks<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 7. Profil BF 3, Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n
\nFig. 7. BF 3 profile; Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd stream, inflow into the D\u017eb\u00e1n water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 8. Profil BF 4, Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok, cca 500 m pod odtokem z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n
\nFig. 8. BF 4 profile; Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd stream, cca 500 m under the outflow from the D\u017eb\u00e1n water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 9. Vzhled odtoku p\u0159\u00edmo pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n
\nFig. 9. The ouflow directly under the D\u017eb\u00e1n water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 10. Profil BF 5, Vesteck\u00fd potok, levostrann\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k
\nFig. 10. BF 5 profile; Vesteck\u00fd stream, left side inflow into the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 11. Profil BF 6, Kunratick\u00fd potok, pravostrann\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k
\nFig. 11. BF 6 profile; Kunratick\u00fd stream, right side inflow into the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 12. Profil BF 7, Kunratick\u00fd potok, odtok z\u00a0rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k
\nFig. 12. BF 7 profile; Kunratick\u00fd stream, outflow from the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 13. Profil BF 8, Boti\u010d, p\u0159\u00edtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159
\nFig. 13. BF 8 profile; Boti\u010d stream, inflow into the Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 14. Profil BF 9, Boti\u010d, odtok z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159
\nFig. 14. BF 9 profile; Boti\u010d stream, outflow from the Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir<\/h6>\nMetodika odb\u011br\u016f a\u00a0anal\u00fdz vzork\u016f<\/h2>\nFytobentos<\/h3>\n
Vzorky fytobentosu byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny z\u00a0charakteristick\u00e9ho \u00faseku toku v\u017edy t\u0159ikr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b (duben, srpen, listopad). Odb\u011bry i\u00a0anal\u00fdza druhov\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed byly provedeny v\u00a0souladu se standardn\u00edmi metodami podle \u010cSN [3\u20136], v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m vzorku byly vyhodnoceny relativn\u00ed abundance jednotliv\u00fdch druh\u016f \u0159as podle z\u00e1kladn\u00ed stupnice, viz [5].<\/p>\n
Makrozoobentos<\/h3>\n
Vzorky makrozoobentosu byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0metodikou M\u017dP a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi platn\u00fdmi normami [7, 8]. Vzorky z\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch profil\u016f byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny metodou \u201ekick samples\u201c dvakr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b (duben, listopad) z\u00a0charakteristick\u00e9ho \u00faseku toku. Z\u00a0odebran\u00e9ho vzorku byly (po opl\u00e1chnut\u00ed vodou z\u00a0lokality) odstran\u011bny zachycen\u00e9 velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice (list\u00ed, makrofyta, \u2026). Vzorek byl n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159eveden do vzorkovnice a\u00a0nafixov\u00e1n etanolem. V\u00a0laborato\u0159i byly pod binokul\u00e1rn\u00ed lupou odebran\u00e9 vzorky podrobn\u011b prohl\u00e9dnuty, p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 organismy p\u0159evedeny do 70 % etanolu a\u00a0ur\u010deny (binokul\u00e1rn\u00ed lupa, mikroskop).<\/p>\n
Ve vzorc\u00edch byl stanoven celkov\u00fd po\u010det organism\u016f v\u00a0odebran\u00e9m standardn\u00edm vzorku [7, 8], saprobn\u00ed index [9] a\u00a0index diverzity Shannon-Weaver [10].<\/p>\n
V\u00fdsledky<\/h2>\nKoncentrace fosforu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch profilech<\/h3>\n
V\u00a0tabulce 1<\/em> jsou uvedeny pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9, maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty koncentrac\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho (Pcelk<\/sub>), a\u00a0fosfore\u010dnanov\u00e9ho (P-PO4<\/sub>) fosforu pro jednotliv\u00e9 profily odb\u011bru vzork\u016f. Vysok\u00e9 koncentrace Pcelk <\/sub>\u0159ad\u00ed vodu profil\u016f a\u017e do IV.\u2013V. t\u0159\u00eddy jakosti podle \u010cSN 75 7221 [11]. V\u00fdjimkou je profil BF 1\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159\u00edtok do reten\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee R1 (horn\u00ed tok Motolsk\u00e9ho potoka). Data pro profil BF 9\u00a0\u2013 odtok z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159 pro rok 2018 jsou p\u0159evzata z\u00a0[12].<\/p>\nTabulka 1. Koncentrace fosforu v\u00a0profilech
\nTable 1. Phosphorus concentrations in profiles<\/h5>\n<\/a>\nFytobentos<\/h3>\nKvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu<\/h4>\n
Kvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu bylo ve v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch profilech podobn\u00e9, se z\u0159etelnou dominanc\u00ed dvou hlavn\u00edch skupin, rozsivek (Bacillariophyceae) a zelen\u00fdch \u0159as z t\u0159\u00eddy Chlorophyceae. Ve druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se ov\u0161em na rozd\u00edl od rozsivek nejedn\u00e1 o typick\u00e9 bentick\u00e9 \u0159asy, n\u00fdbr\u017e o \u0159asy planktonn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly do sledovan\u00fdch profil\u016f zaneseny z p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch stojat\u00fdch vod (rybn\u00edk\u016f \u010di vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed). S ohledem na to, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o typickou letn\u00ed slo\u017eku fytoplanktonu, hojn\u011bji a ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci se vyskytovaly a\u017e v r\u00e1mci letn\u00edch a podzimn\u00edch odb\u011br\u016f.<\/p>\n
Z\u00a0rozsivek dominovaly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm velmi hojn\u00e9 druhy charakteristick\u00e9 pro vody s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010di st\u0159edn\u00ed trofi\u00ed, \u010dasto tolerantn\u00ed ke zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u010di druhy se \u0161irokou ekologickou amplitudou, jmenovit\u011b zejm\u00e9na Diatoma vulgaris<\/em>, Navicula lanceolata<\/em>, Navicula tripunctata<\/em>, Synedra ulna<\/em>, Navicula gregaria<\/em>, Melosira varians<\/em>, Nitzschia acicularis<\/em> atd. Ze zelen\u00fdch \u0159as zejm\u00e9na b\u011b\u017en\u00ed z\u00e1stupci eutrofn\u00edch vod z\u00a0rod\u016f Desmodesmus<\/em>, Pediastrum<\/em> s.l., Coelastrum<\/em>, Actinastrum<\/em>, Monoraphidium<\/em> atd. Ostatn\u00ed skupiny \u0159as (v\u010detn\u011b sinic) byly vesm\u011bs zastoupeny pouze minoritn\u011b a\u00a0a\u017e na v\u00fdjimky se jejich z\u00e1stupci nepod\u00edleli na slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev v\u00fdznamn\u011b ani kvantitativn\u011b. T\u011bmito v\u00fdjimkami byl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt (oproti ostatn\u00edm profil\u016fm) n\u011bkter\u00fdch vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch \u0159as (zejm\u00e9na Audouinella<\/em> sp. a\u00a0Cladophora glomerata<\/em>) na profilech BF 4, BF 5 a\u00a0v\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e tak\u00e9 na profilech BF 8 a\u00a0BF 9.<\/p>\nI\u00a0p\u0159es pom\u011brn\u011b vysokou celkovou druhovou diverzitu zaznamenanou na jednotliv\u00fdch profilech (podrobn\u011bji viz n\u00ed\u017ee) nebyly ve vzorc\u00edch nalezeny t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 druhy, za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1lez vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho bi\u010d\u00edkovce Tetraselmis cordiformis<\/em> na profilech BF 5, BF 7 a\u00a0BF 8 \u010di n\u00e1lez pozoruhodn\u00e9, v\u00a0\u010cR roztrou\u0161en\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed haptofytn\u00ed \u0159asy Hymenomonas roseola<\/em> na profilech BF 3 a\u00a0BF 8.<\/p>\nKvantitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu<\/h4>\n
Celkov\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita byla na v\u0161ech hodnocen\u00fdch profilech velmi podobn\u00e1, pohybovala se mezi 124 (profil BF 7) a\u00a0150 druhy (profil BF 2). Jedinou v\u00fdjimkou byl profil BF 1 s\u00a0celkem 70 druhy, u\u00a0n\u011bj byla ov\u0161em tato hodnota v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bna vyschnut\u00edm od l\u00e9ta 2018 do jara 2019, hodnoceny byly tud\u00ed\u017e vzorky pouze ze t\u0159\u00ed odb\u011br\u016f. Nav\u00edc bylo i\u00a0na n\u00edzk\u00e9 diverzit\u011b zejm\u00e9na letn\u00edho vzorku z\u00a0roku 2019 a\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 abundanci v\u011bt\u0161iny \u0159as patrn\u00e9, \u017ee se spole\u010denstva fytobentosu teprve vzpamatov\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00a0dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00edho vyschnut\u00ed. Zhruba srovnateln\u00e1 byla u\u00a0v\u0161ech profil\u016f i\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita na vzorek, kter\u00e1 se pohybovala (s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou profilu BF 1 se 37 druhy) od 41 druh\u016f (profil BF 5) do 59 druh\u016f (profil BF 2). Jak u\u017e bylo ov\u0161em zm\u00edn\u011bno v\u00fd\u0161e, druhov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev fytobentosu bylo zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0letn\u00edm a\u00a0podzimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bno splaven\u00edm planktonn\u00edch z\u00e1stupc\u016f z\u00a0p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch stojat\u00fdch vod, zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly tedy nemaj\u00ed jednozna\u010dnou vypov\u00eddac\u00ed schopnost. M\u00edra odli\u0161nosti mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi lokalitami byla tedy do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry d\u00e1na odli\u0161nost\u00ed druhov\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed letn\u00edch vzork\u016f, tj. v\u00a0podstat\u011b m\u00edrou ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch profil\u016f p\u0159ilehl\u00fdmi stojat\u00fdmi vodami, z\u00a0nich\u017e byly na dan\u00e1 odb\u011brov\u00e1 m\u00edsta splaveny planktonn\u00ed \u0159asy a\u00a0sinice (kter\u00e9 byly ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed slo\u017ekou zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti), sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi rozd\u00edly v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch spole\u010denstvech jejich fytobentosu.<\/p>\n
Makrozoobentos<\/h3>\n
V\u00fdsledky stanoven\u00ed makrozoobentosu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch sledovan\u00fdch profilech za obdob\u00ed let 2018\u20132019 jsou uvedeny v\u00a0tabulce 2<\/em>. V\u00fdsledky jsou pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi hodnotami ukazatel\u016f ze dvou (profil BF 1\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu 2018 a\u00a0v\u00a0dubnu 2019 byl bez vody), t\u0159\u00ed (profil BF 2\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0dubnu 2019 byl bez vody; profil BF 7\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu 2019 siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn vysok\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem a\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00edm sedimentu vzhledem k\u00a0vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k a\u00a0odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sedimentu v\u00a0roce 2019) a\u00a0\u010dty\u0159 odb\u011br\u016f (ostatn\u00ed profily).<\/p>\nTabulka 2. Charakteristiky spole\u010denstev makrozoobentosu ve sledovan\u00fdch profilech (n: po\u010det jedinc\u016f ve vzorku, Si: saprobn\u00ed index, H: index diversity Shannon-Weaver)
\nTable 2. Characteristics of macroinvertebrate communities in the studied profiles (n: number of individuals per sample, Si: saprobic index, H: Shannon-Weaver diversity index)<\/h5>\n<\/a>\nKvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed makrozoobentosu<\/h4>\n
Kvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed makrozoobentosu bylo ve v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch profilech obdobn\u00e9, li\u0161ilo se sp\u00ed\u0161e pom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch taxon\u016f. V\u017edy byly (v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e) zastoupeni m\u00e1lo\u0161t\u011btinatci (Oligochaeta\u00a0\u2013 Tubificidae), pijavky (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Erpobdella octoculata<\/em>), kor\u00fd\u0161i Asellus aquaticus<\/em>,\u00a0m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161i (v\u011bt\u0161inou Pisidium <\/em>sp. a\u00a0Bythinia <\/em>sp.), larvy Chironomidae, larvy chrost\u00edk\u016f (hlavn\u011b Hydropsyche angustipennis<\/em>), ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b profil\u016f i\u00a0larvy jepic (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Baetis fuscatus<\/em>) a\u00a0\u010dast\u00e9 byly i\u00a0larvy muchni\u010dek (Simulium <\/em>sp.).<\/p>\nV\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch profilech se vyskytovali (i\u00a0ve zna\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed) \u017eahavci (nezmar\u00a0\u2013 Hydra <\/em>sp.\u00a0\u2013 profily BF 2, BF 3, BF 4, BF 5); v\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed larvy pakom\u00e1rcovit\u00fdch (Ceratopogonidae\u00a0\u2013 profily BF 1, BF 3, BF 4, BF 5, BF 7), kor\u00fd\u0161 Gammarus fossarum<\/em> (profily BF 3, BF 4, BF 5, BF 7). Larvy i\u00a0dosp\u011blci brouk\u016f (Coleoptera\u00a0\u2013 Elmis <\/em>sp.<\/em>) se vyskytovali pouze v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch tok\u016f (profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9). V\u00a0profilech BF 3, BF 4, BF 9 byly ojedin\u011ble nalezeny larvy v\u00e1\u017eek (Odonata\u00a0\u2013 Calopteryx <\/em>sp., Coenagrion <\/em>sp.), v\u00a0profilech BF 4 a\u00a0BF 8 drav\u00e9 larvy chrost\u00edk\u016f (Rhyacophila <\/em>sp.) a\u00a0v\u00a0profilu BF 8 pl\u017e Ancylus fluviatilis<\/em>.<\/p>\nAbundance organism\u016f\u00a0\u2013 po\u010det organism\u016f na standardn\u00ed vzorek<\/h4>\n
Podle o\u017eiven\u00ed lze profily za\u0159adit do n\u011bkolika skupin. V\u00fdrazn\u011b nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed o\u017eiven\u00ed vykazoval profil BF 1 (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do R1\u2013R3)\u00a0\u2013 vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd, s\u00a0velmi kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edm pr\u016ftokem, ob\u010das bez vody (organismy pouze v\u00a0mezer\u00e1ch mezi dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm). Jako n\u00edzkou lze charakterizovat i\u00a0abundanci makrozoobentosu v\u00a0profilu BF 7\u00a0\u2013 vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 koryto, siln\u011b ovliv\u0148ovan\u00e9 kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edm odtokem ze \u0160eber\u00e1ku a\u00a0zan\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 jemn\u00fdmi rybni\u010dn\u00edmi sedimenty. Dal\u0161\u00ed skupinu tvo\u0159\u00ed profily BF 2, BF 3, tak\u00e9 s\u00a0vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdm korytem, ale s\u00a0trval\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem, na dn\u011b je p\u0159\u00edtomen sediment a\u00a0kameny r\u016fzn\u00e9 velikosti. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 abundance (ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi sledovan\u00fdmi profily) byla v\u00a0profilu BF 5\u00a0\u2013 nap\u0159\u00edmen\u00e9 koryto, nevydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9, na dn\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jemn\u00fd sediment (v\u011bt\u0161inou splachy z\u00a0okoln\u00edch pol\u00ed). Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci makrozoobentosu vykazuj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9 (tabulka\u00a02<\/em>).<\/p>\nSaprobn\u00ed index<\/h4>\n
Hodnoty saprobn\u00edho indexu odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed hydrologick\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m a\u00a0kvalit\u011b vody potok\u016f. Na \u00farovni alfa-mesosaprobity jsou profily BF 1, BF 3 a\u00a0BF 7 (profil BF\u00a07\u00a0\u2013 Si 2,71, nejhor\u0161\u00ed ze sledovan\u00fdch\u00a0\u2013 je ovlivn\u011bn podm\u00ednkami odtoku z\u00a0rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k). Do stupn\u011b beta-mesosaprobita lze za\u0159adit ostatn\u00ed profily\u00a0\u2013 nejlep\u0161\u00ed je op\u011bt u\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch tok\u016f v\u00a0profilech BF 4, BF 8, BF 9 (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\nIndex diverzity<\/h4>\n
Ve sledovan\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch je nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed index diverzity (tj. relativn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed diverzita spole\u010denstva makrozoobentosu) v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch profilech BF 4 (Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n), BF 8, BF 9 (Boti\u010d) a\u00a0pon\u011bkud p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b v\u00a0profilu BF 1 (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do R1\u2013R3). Na profilu BF 1 je to d\u00e1no pom\u011brn\u011b rovnom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm taxon\u016f p\u0159i velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9m celkov\u00e9m po\u010dtu jedinc\u016f ve standardn\u00edm vzorku (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\nZ\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n
Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality vody pra\u017esk\u00fdch potok\u016f v\u00a0letech 2018\u20132019, v\u00a0jejich\u017e povod\u00ed jsou p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koupali\u0161t\u011b, zahrnovalo i\u00a0sledov\u00e1n\u00ed hydrobiologick\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f: fytobentos a\u00a0makrozoobentos. Vzorky byly na jednotliv\u00fdch potoc\u00edch odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny v\u00a0profilech p\u0159\u00edtok a\u00a0odtok t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch koupali\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n
Z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee spole\u010denstvo makrozoobentosu vykazuje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci a\u00a0druhovou diverzitu v\u00a0potoc\u00edch s\u00a0nejp\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi morfologick\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami (p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koryta potok\u016f Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00e9ho potoka pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n a\u00a0Boti\u010de nad i\u00a0pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed Hostiva\u0159, tj. profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9). I\u00a0tato spole\u010denstva v\u0161ak p\u0159i kombinaci vliv\u016f prost\u0159ed\u00ed (morfologie toku, kvalita vody, substr\u00e1t dna apod.) sv\u00fdm stupn\u011bm saprobity odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed hor\u0161\u00ed beta-mesosaprobit\u011b. Naopak ve spole\u010denstvech fytobentosu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edl (a\u017e na hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch forem v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch korytech) mezi p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi a\u00a0um\u011bl\u00fdmi profily zji\u0161t\u011bn nebyl. Pro vesm\u011bs p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00e9 \u0159asy (zejm\u00e9na rozsivky), kter\u00e9 v\u00a0uveden\u00fdch profilech dominuj\u00ed, se tedy zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem sp\u00ed\u0161e chemismus vody ne\u017e nap\u0159. mikrotopografie dna.<\/p>\n
Vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody z\u00a0hypolimnia n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n koncem l\u00e9ta v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje \u00fasek Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00e9ho potoka pod v\u00fdpust\u00ed (obr. 9<\/em>). Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu byl odb\u011br vzorku fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu posunut n\u011bkolik set metr\u016f po proudu (viz v\u00fd\u0161e).<\/p>\nJe z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed vliv na spole\u010denstva fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu ve sledovan\u00fdch toc\u00edch m\u00e1 (vedle vlastn\u00ed morfologie toku) i\u00a0trval\u00fd a\u00a0vysok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun \u017eivin (zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b P). P\u0159i p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 budouc\u00ed revitalizaci regulovan\u00fdch a\u00a0vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch potok\u016f bude nutno zahrnout i\u00a0\u00fapravu jejich morfologie a\u00a0substr\u00e1tu dna a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u011bnovat zna\u010dnou pozornost kvalit\u011b p\u0159it\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed vody.<\/p>\n
Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n
P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vznikl za podpory projektu CZ.07.1.02\/0.0\/0.0\/16_040\/0000382: Rekrea\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l vody v\u00a0Praze\u00a0\u2013 stav a\u00a0v\u00fdhledy; \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho v\u00a0r\u00e1mci opera\u010dn\u00edho programu Praha\u00a0\u2013 p\u00f3l r\u016fstu II.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The water quality monitoring of selected streams in Prague (which harbour in their catchment area natural bathing places) during 2018\u20132019 included also the monitoring of two hydrobiological indicators; the phytobenthos and macroinvertebrates communities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":8161,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[1927,1925,1926,1563],"coauthors":[22,1532,1531],"class_list":["post-8268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydrochemistry-radioecology-microbiology","tag-macroinvertebrates","tag-natural-public-bathing-places","tag-phytobenthos","tag-prague-streams"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8268"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30588,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268\/revisions\/30588"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8268"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=8268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
<\/a>\nObr. 5. Profil BF 1, Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do reten\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed R1\u2013R3
\nFig. 5. BF 1 profile; Motolsk\u00fd stream, inflow into the R1\u2013R3 retention tanks<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 6. Profil BF 2, Motolsk\u00fd potok, odtok z\u00a0reten\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed R1\u2013R3
\nFig. 6. BF 2 profile; Motolsk\u00fd stream, outflow from the R1\u2013R3 retention tanks<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 7. Profil BF 3, Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n
\nFig. 7. BF 3 profile; Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd stream, inflow into the D\u017eb\u00e1n water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 8. Profil BF 4, Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok, cca 500 m pod odtokem z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n
\nFig. 8. BF 4 profile; Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd stream, cca 500 m under the outflow from the D\u017eb\u00e1n water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 9. Vzhled odtoku p\u0159\u00edmo pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n
\nFig. 9. The ouflow directly under the D\u017eb\u00e1n water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 10. Profil BF 5, Vesteck\u00fd potok, levostrann\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k
\nFig. 10. BF 5 profile; Vesteck\u00fd stream, left side inflow into the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 11. Profil BF 6, Kunratick\u00fd potok, pravostrann\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k
\nFig. 11. BF 6 profile; Kunratick\u00fd stream, right side inflow into the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 12. Profil BF 7, Kunratick\u00fd potok, odtok z\u00a0rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k
\nFig. 12. BF 7 profile; Kunratick\u00fd stream, outflow from the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 13. Profil BF 8, Boti\u010d, p\u0159\u00edtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159
\nFig. 13. BF 8 profile; Boti\u010d stream, inflow into the Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 14. Profil BF 9, Boti\u010d, odtok z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159
\nFig. 14. BF 9 profile; Boti\u010d stream, outflow from the Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir<\/h6>\nMetodika odb\u011br\u016f a\u00a0anal\u00fdz vzork\u016f<\/h2>\nFytobentos<\/h3>\n
Vzorky fytobentosu byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny z\u00a0charakteristick\u00e9ho \u00faseku toku v\u017edy t\u0159ikr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b (duben, srpen, listopad). Odb\u011bry i\u00a0anal\u00fdza druhov\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed byly provedeny v\u00a0souladu se standardn\u00edmi metodami podle \u010cSN [3\u20136], v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m vzorku byly vyhodnoceny relativn\u00ed abundance jednotliv\u00fdch druh\u016f \u0159as podle z\u00e1kladn\u00ed stupnice, viz [5].<\/p>\n
Makrozoobentos<\/h3>\n
Vzorky makrozoobentosu byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0metodikou M\u017dP a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi platn\u00fdmi normami [7, 8]. Vzorky z\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch profil\u016f byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny metodou \u201ekick samples\u201c dvakr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b (duben, listopad) z\u00a0charakteristick\u00e9ho \u00faseku toku. Z\u00a0odebran\u00e9ho vzorku byly (po opl\u00e1chnut\u00ed vodou z\u00a0lokality) odstran\u011bny zachycen\u00e9 velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice (list\u00ed, makrofyta, \u2026). Vzorek byl n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159eveden do vzorkovnice a\u00a0nafixov\u00e1n etanolem. V\u00a0laborato\u0159i byly pod binokul\u00e1rn\u00ed lupou odebran\u00e9 vzorky podrobn\u011b prohl\u00e9dnuty, p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 organismy p\u0159evedeny do 70 % etanolu a\u00a0ur\u010deny (binokul\u00e1rn\u00ed lupa, mikroskop).<\/p>\n
Ve vzorc\u00edch byl stanoven celkov\u00fd po\u010det organism\u016f v\u00a0odebran\u00e9m standardn\u00edm vzorku [7, 8], saprobn\u00ed index [9] a\u00a0index diverzity Shannon-Weaver [10].<\/p>\n
V\u00fdsledky<\/h2>\nKoncentrace fosforu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch profilech<\/h3>\n
V\u00a0tabulce 1<\/em> jsou uvedeny pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9, maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty koncentrac\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho (Pcelk<\/sub>), a\u00a0fosfore\u010dnanov\u00e9ho (P-PO4<\/sub>) fosforu pro jednotliv\u00e9 profily odb\u011bru vzork\u016f. Vysok\u00e9 koncentrace Pcelk <\/sub>\u0159ad\u00ed vodu profil\u016f a\u017e do IV.\u2013V. t\u0159\u00eddy jakosti podle \u010cSN 75 7221 [11]. V\u00fdjimkou je profil BF 1\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159\u00edtok do reten\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee R1 (horn\u00ed tok Motolsk\u00e9ho potoka). Data pro profil BF 9\u00a0\u2013 odtok z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159 pro rok 2018 jsou p\u0159evzata z\u00a0[12].<\/p>\nTabulka 1. Koncentrace fosforu v\u00a0profilech
\nTable 1. Phosphorus concentrations in profiles<\/h5>\n<\/a>\nFytobentos<\/h3>\nKvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu<\/h4>\n
Kvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu bylo ve v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch profilech podobn\u00e9, se z\u0159etelnou dominanc\u00ed dvou hlavn\u00edch skupin, rozsivek (Bacillariophyceae) a zelen\u00fdch \u0159as z t\u0159\u00eddy Chlorophyceae. Ve druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se ov\u0161em na rozd\u00edl od rozsivek nejedn\u00e1 o typick\u00e9 bentick\u00e9 \u0159asy, n\u00fdbr\u017e o \u0159asy planktonn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly do sledovan\u00fdch profil\u016f zaneseny z p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch stojat\u00fdch vod (rybn\u00edk\u016f \u010di vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed). S ohledem na to, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o typickou letn\u00ed slo\u017eku fytoplanktonu, hojn\u011bji a ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci se vyskytovaly a\u017e v r\u00e1mci letn\u00edch a podzimn\u00edch odb\u011br\u016f.<\/p>\n
Z\u00a0rozsivek dominovaly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm velmi hojn\u00e9 druhy charakteristick\u00e9 pro vody s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010di st\u0159edn\u00ed trofi\u00ed, \u010dasto tolerantn\u00ed ke zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u010di druhy se \u0161irokou ekologickou amplitudou, jmenovit\u011b zejm\u00e9na Diatoma vulgaris<\/em>, Navicula lanceolata<\/em>, Navicula tripunctata<\/em>, Synedra ulna<\/em>, Navicula gregaria<\/em>, Melosira varians<\/em>, Nitzschia acicularis<\/em> atd. Ze zelen\u00fdch \u0159as zejm\u00e9na b\u011b\u017en\u00ed z\u00e1stupci eutrofn\u00edch vod z\u00a0rod\u016f Desmodesmus<\/em>, Pediastrum<\/em> s.l., Coelastrum<\/em>, Actinastrum<\/em>, Monoraphidium<\/em> atd. Ostatn\u00ed skupiny \u0159as (v\u010detn\u011b sinic) byly vesm\u011bs zastoupeny pouze minoritn\u011b a\u00a0a\u017e na v\u00fdjimky se jejich z\u00e1stupci nepod\u00edleli na slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev v\u00fdznamn\u011b ani kvantitativn\u011b. T\u011bmito v\u00fdjimkami byl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt (oproti ostatn\u00edm profil\u016fm) n\u011bkter\u00fdch vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch \u0159as (zejm\u00e9na Audouinella<\/em> sp. a\u00a0Cladophora glomerata<\/em>) na profilech BF 4, BF 5 a\u00a0v\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e tak\u00e9 na profilech BF 8 a\u00a0BF 9.<\/p>\nI\u00a0p\u0159es pom\u011brn\u011b vysokou celkovou druhovou diverzitu zaznamenanou na jednotliv\u00fdch profilech (podrobn\u011bji viz n\u00ed\u017ee) nebyly ve vzorc\u00edch nalezeny t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 druhy, za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1lez vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho bi\u010d\u00edkovce Tetraselmis cordiformis<\/em> na profilech BF 5, BF 7 a\u00a0BF 8 \u010di n\u00e1lez pozoruhodn\u00e9, v\u00a0\u010cR roztrou\u0161en\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed haptofytn\u00ed \u0159asy Hymenomonas roseola<\/em> na profilech BF 3 a\u00a0BF 8.<\/p>\nKvantitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu<\/h4>\n
Celkov\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita byla na v\u0161ech hodnocen\u00fdch profilech velmi podobn\u00e1, pohybovala se mezi 124 (profil BF 7) a\u00a0150 druhy (profil BF 2). Jedinou v\u00fdjimkou byl profil BF 1 s\u00a0celkem 70 druhy, u\u00a0n\u011bj byla ov\u0161em tato hodnota v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bna vyschnut\u00edm od l\u00e9ta 2018 do jara 2019, hodnoceny byly tud\u00ed\u017e vzorky pouze ze t\u0159\u00ed odb\u011br\u016f. Nav\u00edc bylo i\u00a0na n\u00edzk\u00e9 diverzit\u011b zejm\u00e9na letn\u00edho vzorku z\u00a0roku 2019 a\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 abundanci v\u011bt\u0161iny \u0159as patrn\u00e9, \u017ee se spole\u010denstva fytobentosu teprve vzpamatov\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00a0dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00edho vyschnut\u00ed. Zhruba srovnateln\u00e1 byla u\u00a0v\u0161ech profil\u016f i\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita na vzorek, kter\u00e1 se pohybovala (s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou profilu BF 1 se 37 druhy) od 41 druh\u016f (profil BF 5) do 59 druh\u016f (profil BF 2). Jak u\u017e bylo ov\u0161em zm\u00edn\u011bno v\u00fd\u0161e, druhov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev fytobentosu bylo zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0letn\u00edm a\u00a0podzimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bno splaven\u00edm planktonn\u00edch z\u00e1stupc\u016f z\u00a0p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch stojat\u00fdch vod, zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly tedy nemaj\u00ed jednozna\u010dnou vypov\u00eddac\u00ed schopnost. M\u00edra odli\u0161nosti mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi lokalitami byla tedy do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry d\u00e1na odli\u0161nost\u00ed druhov\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed letn\u00edch vzork\u016f, tj. v\u00a0podstat\u011b m\u00edrou ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch profil\u016f p\u0159ilehl\u00fdmi stojat\u00fdmi vodami, z\u00a0nich\u017e byly na dan\u00e1 odb\u011brov\u00e1 m\u00edsta splaveny planktonn\u00ed \u0159asy a\u00a0sinice (kter\u00e9 byly ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed slo\u017ekou zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti), sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi rozd\u00edly v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch spole\u010denstvech jejich fytobentosu.<\/p>\n
Makrozoobentos<\/h3>\n
V\u00fdsledky stanoven\u00ed makrozoobentosu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch sledovan\u00fdch profilech za obdob\u00ed let 2018\u20132019 jsou uvedeny v\u00a0tabulce 2<\/em>. V\u00fdsledky jsou pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi hodnotami ukazatel\u016f ze dvou (profil BF 1\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu 2018 a\u00a0v\u00a0dubnu 2019 byl bez vody), t\u0159\u00ed (profil BF 2\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0dubnu 2019 byl bez vody; profil BF 7\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu 2019 siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn vysok\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem a\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00edm sedimentu vzhledem k\u00a0vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k a\u00a0odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sedimentu v\u00a0roce 2019) a\u00a0\u010dty\u0159 odb\u011br\u016f (ostatn\u00ed profily).<\/p>\nTabulka 2. Charakteristiky spole\u010denstev makrozoobentosu ve sledovan\u00fdch profilech (n: po\u010det jedinc\u016f ve vzorku, Si: saprobn\u00ed index, H: index diversity Shannon-Weaver)
\nTable 2. Characteristics of macroinvertebrate communities in the studied profiles (n: number of individuals per sample, Si: saprobic index, H: Shannon-Weaver diversity index)<\/h5>\n<\/a>\nKvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed makrozoobentosu<\/h4>\n
Kvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed makrozoobentosu bylo ve v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch profilech obdobn\u00e9, li\u0161ilo se sp\u00ed\u0161e pom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch taxon\u016f. V\u017edy byly (v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e) zastoupeni m\u00e1lo\u0161t\u011btinatci (Oligochaeta\u00a0\u2013 Tubificidae), pijavky (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Erpobdella octoculata<\/em>), kor\u00fd\u0161i Asellus aquaticus<\/em>,\u00a0m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161i (v\u011bt\u0161inou Pisidium <\/em>sp. a\u00a0Bythinia <\/em>sp.), larvy Chironomidae, larvy chrost\u00edk\u016f (hlavn\u011b Hydropsyche angustipennis<\/em>), ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b profil\u016f i\u00a0larvy jepic (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Baetis fuscatus<\/em>) a\u00a0\u010dast\u00e9 byly i\u00a0larvy muchni\u010dek (Simulium <\/em>sp.).<\/p>\nV\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch profilech se vyskytovali (i\u00a0ve zna\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed) \u017eahavci (nezmar\u00a0\u2013 Hydra <\/em>sp.\u00a0\u2013 profily BF 2, BF 3, BF 4, BF 5); v\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed larvy pakom\u00e1rcovit\u00fdch (Ceratopogonidae\u00a0\u2013 profily BF 1, BF 3, BF 4, BF 5, BF 7), kor\u00fd\u0161 Gammarus fossarum<\/em> (profily BF 3, BF 4, BF 5, BF 7). Larvy i\u00a0dosp\u011blci brouk\u016f (Coleoptera\u00a0\u2013 Elmis <\/em>sp.<\/em>) se vyskytovali pouze v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch tok\u016f (profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9). V\u00a0profilech BF 3, BF 4, BF 9 byly ojedin\u011ble nalezeny larvy v\u00e1\u017eek (Odonata\u00a0\u2013 Calopteryx <\/em>sp., Coenagrion <\/em>sp.), v\u00a0profilech BF 4 a\u00a0BF 8 drav\u00e9 larvy chrost\u00edk\u016f (Rhyacophila <\/em>sp.) a\u00a0v\u00a0profilu BF 8 pl\u017e Ancylus fluviatilis<\/em>.<\/p>\nAbundance organism\u016f\u00a0\u2013 po\u010det organism\u016f na standardn\u00ed vzorek<\/h4>\n
Podle o\u017eiven\u00ed lze profily za\u0159adit do n\u011bkolika skupin. V\u00fdrazn\u011b nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed o\u017eiven\u00ed vykazoval profil BF 1 (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do R1\u2013R3)\u00a0\u2013 vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd, s\u00a0velmi kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edm pr\u016ftokem, ob\u010das bez vody (organismy pouze v\u00a0mezer\u00e1ch mezi dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm). Jako n\u00edzkou lze charakterizovat i\u00a0abundanci makrozoobentosu v\u00a0profilu BF 7\u00a0\u2013 vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 koryto, siln\u011b ovliv\u0148ovan\u00e9 kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edm odtokem ze \u0160eber\u00e1ku a\u00a0zan\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 jemn\u00fdmi rybni\u010dn\u00edmi sedimenty. Dal\u0161\u00ed skupinu tvo\u0159\u00ed profily BF 2, BF 3, tak\u00e9 s\u00a0vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdm korytem, ale s\u00a0trval\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem, na dn\u011b je p\u0159\u00edtomen sediment a\u00a0kameny r\u016fzn\u00e9 velikosti. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 abundance (ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi sledovan\u00fdmi profily) byla v\u00a0profilu BF 5\u00a0\u2013 nap\u0159\u00edmen\u00e9 koryto, nevydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9, na dn\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jemn\u00fd sediment (v\u011bt\u0161inou splachy z\u00a0okoln\u00edch pol\u00ed). Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci makrozoobentosu vykazuj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9 (tabulka\u00a02<\/em>).<\/p>\nSaprobn\u00ed index<\/h4>\n
Hodnoty saprobn\u00edho indexu odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed hydrologick\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m a\u00a0kvalit\u011b vody potok\u016f. Na \u00farovni alfa-mesosaprobity jsou profily BF 1, BF 3 a\u00a0BF 7 (profil BF\u00a07\u00a0\u2013 Si 2,71, nejhor\u0161\u00ed ze sledovan\u00fdch\u00a0\u2013 je ovlivn\u011bn podm\u00ednkami odtoku z\u00a0rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k). Do stupn\u011b beta-mesosaprobita lze za\u0159adit ostatn\u00ed profily\u00a0\u2013 nejlep\u0161\u00ed je op\u011bt u\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch tok\u016f v\u00a0profilech BF 4, BF 8, BF 9 (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\nIndex diverzity<\/h4>\n
Ve sledovan\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch je nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed index diverzity (tj. relativn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed diverzita spole\u010denstva makrozoobentosu) v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch profilech BF 4 (Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n), BF 8, BF 9 (Boti\u010d) a\u00a0pon\u011bkud p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b v\u00a0profilu BF 1 (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do R1\u2013R3). Na profilu BF 1 je to d\u00e1no pom\u011brn\u011b rovnom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm taxon\u016f p\u0159i velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9m celkov\u00e9m po\u010dtu jedinc\u016f ve standardn\u00edm vzorku (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\nZ\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n
Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality vody pra\u017esk\u00fdch potok\u016f v\u00a0letech 2018\u20132019, v\u00a0jejich\u017e povod\u00ed jsou p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koupali\u0161t\u011b, zahrnovalo i\u00a0sledov\u00e1n\u00ed hydrobiologick\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f: fytobentos a\u00a0makrozoobentos. Vzorky byly na jednotliv\u00fdch potoc\u00edch odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny v\u00a0profilech p\u0159\u00edtok a\u00a0odtok t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch koupali\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n
Z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee spole\u010denstvo makrozoobentosu vykazuje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci a\u00a0druhovou diverzitu v\u00a0potoc\u00edch s\u00a0nejp\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi morfologick\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami (p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koryta potok\u016f Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00e9ho potoka pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n a\u00a0Boti\u010de nad i\u00a0pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed Hostiva\u0159, tj. profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9). I\u00a0tato spole\u010denstva v\u0161ak p\u0159i kombinaci vliv\u016f prost\u0159ed\u00ed (morfologie toku, kvalita vody, substr\u00e1t dna apod.) sv\u00fdm stupn\u011bm saprobity odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed hor\u0161\u00ed beta-mesosaprobit\u011b. Naopak ve spole\u010denstvech fytobentosu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edl (a\u017e na hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch forem v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch korytech) mezi p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi a\u00a0um\u011bl\u00fdmi profily zji\u0161t\u011bn nebyl. Pro vesm\u011bs p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00e9 \u0159asy (zejm\u00e9na rozsivky), kter\u00e9 v\u00a0uveden\u00fdch profilech dominuj\u00ed, se tedy zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem sp\u00ed\u0161e chemismus vody ne\u017e nap\u0159. mikrotopografie dna.<\/p>\n
Vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody z\u00a0hypolimnia n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n koncem l\u00e9ta v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje \u00fasek Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00e9ho potoka pod v\u00fdpust\u00ed (obr. 9<\/em>). Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu byl odb\u011br vzorku fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu posunut n\u011bkolik set metr\u016f po proudu (viz v\u00fd\u0161e).<\/p>\nJe z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed vliv na spole\u010denstva fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu ve sledovan\u00fdch toc\u00edch m\u00e1 (vedle vlastn\u00ed morfologie toku) i\u00a0trval\u00fd a\u00a0vysok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun \u017eivin (zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b P). P\u0159i p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 budouc\u00ed revitalizaci regulovan\u00fdch a\u00a0vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch potok\u016f bude nutno zahrnout i\u00a0\u00fapravu jejich morfologie a\u00a0substr\u00e1tu dna a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u011bnovat zna\u010dnou pozornost kvalit\u011b p\u0159it\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed vody.<\/p>\n
Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n
P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vznikl za podpory projektu CZ.07.1.02\/0.0\/0.0\/16_040\/0000382: Rekrea\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l vody v\u00a0Praze\u00a0\u2013 stav a\u00a0v\u00fdhledy; \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho v\u00a0r\u00e1mci opera\u010dn\u00edho programu Praha\u00a0\u2013 p\u00f3l r\u016fstu II.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The water quality monitoring of selected streams in Prague (which harbour in their catchment area natural bathing places) during 2018\u20132019 included also the monitoring of two hydrobiological indicators; the phytobenthos and macroinvertebrates communities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":8161,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[1927,1925,1926,1563],"coauthors":[22,1532,1531],"class_list":["post-8268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydrochemistry-radioecology-microbiology","tag-macroinvertebrates","tag-natural-public-bathing-places","tag-phytobenthos","tag-prague-streams"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8268"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30588,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268\/revisions\/30588"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8268"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=8268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nFig. 6. BF 2 profile; Motolsk\u00fd stream, outflow from the R1\u2013R3 retention tanks<\/h6>\n
<\/a>\nObr. 7. Profil BF 3, Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n
\nFig. 7. BF 3 profile; Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd stream, inflow into the D\u017eb\u00e1n water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 8. Profil BF 4, Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok, cca 500 m pod odtokem z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n
\nFig. 8. BF 4 profile; Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd stream, cca 500 m under the outflow from the D\u017eb\u00e1n water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 9. Vzhled odtoku p\u0159\u00edmo pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n
\nFig. 9. The ouflow directly under the D\u017eb\u00e1n water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 10. Profil BF 5, Vesteck\u00fd potok, levostrann\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k
\nFig. 10. BF 5 profile; Vesteck\u00fd stream, left side inflow into the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 11. Profil BF 6, Kunratick\u00fd potok, pravostrann\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k
\nFig. 11. BF 6 profile; Kunratick\u00fd stream, right side inflow into the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 12. Profil BF 7, Kunratick\u00fd potok, odtok z\u00a0rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k
\nFig. 12. BF 7 profile; Kunratick\u00fd stream, outflow from the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 13. Profil BF 8, Boti\u010d, p\u0159\u00edtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159
\nFig. 13. BF 8 profile; Boti\u010d stream, inflow into the Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 14. Profil BF 9, Boti\u010d, odtok z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159
\nFig. 14. BF 9 profile; Boti\u010d stream, outflow from the Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir<\/h6>\nMetodika odb\u011br\u016f a\u00a0anal\u00fdz vzork\u016f<\/h2>\nFytobentos<\/h3>\n
Vzorky fytobentosu byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny z\u00a0charakteristick\u00e9ho \u00faseku toku v\u017edy t\u0159ikr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b (duben, srpen, listopad). Odb\u011bry i\u00a0anal\u00fdza druhov\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed byly provedeny v\u00a0souladu se standardn\u00edmi metodami podle \u010cSN [3\u20136], v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m vzorku byly vyhodnoceny relativn\u00ed abundance jednotliv\u00fdch druh\u016f \u0159as podle z\u00e1kladn\u00ed stupnice, viz [5].<\/p>\n
Makrozoobentos<\/h3>\n
Vzorky makrozoobentosu byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0metodikou M\u017dP a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi platn\u00fdmi normami [7, 8]. Vzorky z\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch profil\u016f byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny metodou \u201ekick samples\u201c dvakr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b (duben, listopad) z\u00a0charakteristick\u00e9ho \u00faseku toku. Z\u00a0odebran\u00e9ho vzorku byly (po opl\u00e1chnut\u00ed vodou z\u00a0lokality) odstran\u011bny zachycen\u00e9 velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice (list\u00ed, makrofyta, \u2026). Vzorek byl n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159eveden do vzorkovnice a\u00a0nafixov\u00e1n etanolem. V\u00a0laborato\u0159i byly pod binokul\u00e1rn\u00ed lupou odebran\u00e9 vzorky podrobn\u011b prohl\u00e9dnuty, p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 organismy p\u0159evedeny do 70 % etanolu a\u00a0ur\u010deny (binokul\u00e1rn\u00ed lupa, mikroskop).<\/p>\n
Ve vzorc\u00edch byl stanoven celkov\u00fd po\u010det organism\u016f v\u00a0odebran\u00e9m standardn\u00edm vzorku [7, 8], saprobn\u00ed index [9] a\u00a0index diverzity Shannon-Weaver [10].<\/p>\n
V\u00fdsledky<\/h2>\nKoncentrace fosforu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch profilech<\/h3>\n
V\u00a0tabulce 1<\/em> jsou uvedeny pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9, maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty koncentrac\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho (Pcelk<\/sub>), a\u00a0fosfore\u010dnanov\u00e9ho (P-PO4<\/sub>) fosforu pro jednotliv\u00e9 profily odb\u011bru vzork\u016f. Vysok\u00e9 koncentrace Pcelk <\/sub>\u0159ad\u00ed vodu profil\u016f a\u017e do IV.\u2013V. t\u0159\u00eddy jakosti podle \u010cSN 75 7221 [11]. V\u00fdjimkou je profil BF 1\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159\u00edtok do reten\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee R1 (horn\u00ed tok Motolsk\u00e9ho potoka). Data pro profil BF 9\u00a0\u2013 odtok z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159 pro rok 2018 jsou p\u0159evzata z\u00a0[12].<\/p>\nTabulka 1. Koncentrace fosforu v\u00a0profilech
\nTable 1. Phosphorus concentrations in profiles<\/h5>\n<\/a>\nFytobentos<\/h3>\nKvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu<\/h4>\n
Kvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu bylo ve v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch profilech podobn\u00e9, se z\u0159etelnou dominanc\u00ed dvou hlavn\u00edch skupin, rozsivek (Bacillariophyceae) a zelen\u00fdch \u0159as z t\u0159\u00eddy Chlorophyceae. Ve druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se ov\u0161em na rozd\u00edl od rozsivek nejedn\u00e1 o typick\u00e9 bentick\u00e9 \u0159asy, n\u00fdbr\u017e o \u0159asy planktonn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly do sledovan\u00fdch profil\u016f zaneseny z p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch stojat\u00fdch vod (rybn\u00edk\u016f \u010di vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed). S ohledem na to, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o typickou letn\u00ed slo\u017eku fytoplanktonu, hojn\u011bji a ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci se vyskytovaly a\u017e v r\u00e1mci letn\u00edch a podzimn\u00edch odb\u011br\u016f.<\/p>\n
Z\u00a0rozsivek dominovaly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm velmi hojn\u00e9 druhy charakteristick\u00e9 pro vody s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010di st\u0159edn\u00ed trofi\u00ed, \u010dasto tolerantn\u00ed ke zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u010di druhy se \u0161irokou ekologickou amplitudou, jmenovit\u011b zejm\u00e9na Diatoma vulgaris<\/em>, Navicula lanceolata<\/em>, Navicula tripunctata<\/em>, Synedra ulna<\/em>, Navicula gregaria<\/em>, Melosira varians<\/em>, Nitzschia acicularis<\/em> atd. Ze zelen\u00fdch \u0159as zejm\u00e9na b\u011b\u017en\u00ed z\u00e1stupci eutrofn\u00edch vod z\u00a0rod\u016f Desmodesmus<\/em>, Pediastrum<\/em> s.l., Coelastrum<\/em>, Actinastrum<\/em>, Monoraphidium<\/em> atd. Ostatn\u00ed skupiny \u0159as (v\u010detn\u011b sinic) byly vesm\u011bs zastoupeny pouze minoritn\u011b a\u00a0a\u017e na v\u00fdjimky se jejich z\u00e1stupci nepod\u00edleli na slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev v\u00fdznamn\u011b ani kvantitativn\u011b. T\u011bmito v\u00fdjimkami byl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt (oproti ostatn\u00edm profil\u016fm) n\u011bkter\u00fdch vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch \u0159as (zejm\u00e9na Audouinella<\/em> sp. a\u00a0Cladophora glomerata<\/em>) na profilech BF 4, BF 5 a\u00a0v\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e tak\u00e9 na profilech BF 8 a\u00a0BF 9.<\/p>\nI\u00a0p\u0159es pom\u011brn\u011b vysokou celkovou druhovou diverzitu zaznamenanou na jednotliv\u00fdch profilech (podrobn\u011bji viz n\u00ed\u017ee) nebyly ve vzorc\u00edch nalezeny t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 druhy, za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1lez vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho bi\u010d\u00edkovce Tetraselmis cordiformis<\/em> na profilech BF 5, BF 7 a\u00a0BF 8 \u010di n\u00e1lez pozoruhodn\u00e9, v\u00a0\u010cR roztrou\u0161en\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed haptofytn\u00ed \u0159asy Hymenomonas roseola<\/em> na profilech BF 3 a\u00a0BF 8.<\/p>\nKvantitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu<\/h4>\n
Celkov\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita byla na v\u0161ech hodnocen\u00fdch profilech velmi podobn\u00e1, pohybovala se mezi 124 (profil BF 7) a\u00a0150 druhy (profil BF 2). Jedinou v\u00fdjimkou byl profil BF 1 s\u00a0celkem 70 druhy, u\u00a0n\u011bj byla ov\u0161em tato hodnota v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bna vyschnut\u00edm od l\u00e9ta 2018 do jara 2019, hodnoceny byly tud\u00ed\u017e vzorky pouze ze t\u0159\u00ed odb\u011br\u016f. Nav\u00edc bylo i\u00a0na n\u00edzk\u00e9 diverzit\u011b zejm\u00e9na letn\u00edho vzorku z\u00a0roku 2019 a\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 abundanci v\u011bt\u0161iny \u0159as patrn\u00e9, \u017ee se spole\u010denstva fytobentosu teprve vzpamatov\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00a0dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00edho vyschnut\u00ed. Zhruba srovnateln\u00e1 byla u\u00a0v\u0161ech profil\u016f i\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita na vzorek, kter\u00e1 se pohybovala (s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou profilu BF 1 se 37 druhy) od 41 druh\u016f (profil BF 5) do 59 druh\u016f (profil BF 2). Jak u\u017e bylo ov\u0161em zm\u00edn\u011bno v\u00fd\u0161e, druhov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev fytobentosu bylo zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0letn\u00edm a\u00a0podzimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bno splaven\u00edm planktonn\u00edch z\u00e1stupc\u016f z\u00a0p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch stojat\u00fdch vod, zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly tedy nemaj\u00ed jednozna\u010dnou vypov\u00eddac\u00ed schopnost. M\u00edra odli\u0161nosti mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi lokalitami byla tedy do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry d\u00e1na odli\u0161nost\u00ed druhov\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed letn\u00edch vzork\u016f, tj. v\u00a0podstat\u011b m\u00edrou ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch profil\u016f p\u0159ilehl\u00fdmi stojat\u00fdmi vodami, z\u00a0nich\u017e byly na dan\u00e1 odb\u011brov\u00e1 m\u00edsta splaveny planktonn\u00ed \u0159asy a\u00a0sinice (kter\u00e9 byly ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed slo\u017ekou zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti), sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi rozd\u00edly v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch spole\u010denstvech jejich fytobentosu.<\/p>\n
Makrozoobentos<\/h3>\n
V\u00fdsledky stanoven\u00ed makrozoobentosu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch sledovan\u00fdch profilech za obdob\u00ed let 2018\u20132019 jsou uvedeny v\u00a0tabulce 2<\/em>. V\u00fdsledky jsou pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi hodnotami ukazatel\u016f ze dvou (profil BF 1\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu 2018 a\u00a0v\u00a0dubnu 2019 byl bez vody), t\u0159\u00ed (profil BF 2\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0dubnu 2019 byl bez vody; profil BF 7\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu 2019 siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn vysok\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem a\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00edm sedimentu vzhledem k\u00a0vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k a\u00a0odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sedimentu v\u00a0roce 2019) a\u00a0\u010dty\u0159 odb\u011br\u016f (ostatn\u00ed profily).<\/p>\nTabulka 2. Charakteristiky spole\u010denstev makrozoobentosu ve sledovan\u00fdch profilech (n: po\u010det jedinc\u016f ve vzorku, Si: saprobn\u00ed index, H: index diversity Shannon-Weaver)
\nTable 2. Characteristics of macroinvertebrate communities in the studied profiles (n: number of individuals per sample, Si: saprobic index, H: Shannon-Weaver diversity index)<\/h5>\n<\/a>\nKvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed makrozoobentosu<\/h4>\n
Kvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed makrozoobentosu bylo ve v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch profilech obdobn\u00e9, li\u0161ilo se sp\u00ed\u0161e pom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch taxon\u016f. V\u017edy byly (v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e) zastoupeni m\u00e1lo\u0161t\u011btinatci (Oligochaeta\u00a0\u2013 Tubificidae), pijavky (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Erpobdella octoculata<\/em>), kor\u00fd\u0161i Asellus aquaticus<\/em>,\u00a0m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161i (v\u011bt\u0161inou Pisidium <\/em>sp. a\u00a0Bythinia <\/em>sp.), larvy Chironomidae, larvy chrost\u00edk\u016f (hlavn\u011b Hydropsyche angustipennis<\/em>), ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b profil\u016f i\u00a0larvy jepic (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Baetis fuscatus<\/em>) a\u00a0\u010dast\u00e9 byly i\u00a0larvy muchni\u010dek (Simulium <\/em>sp.).<\/p>\nV\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch profilech se vyskytovali (i\u00a0ve zna\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed) \u017eahavci (nezmar\u00a0\u2013 Hydra <\/em>sp.\u00a0\u2013 profily BF 2, BF 3, BF 4, BF 5); v\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed larvy pakom\u00e1rcovit\u00fdch (Ceratopogonidae\u00a0\u2013 profily BF 1, BF 3, BF 4, BF 5, BF 7), kor\u00fd\u0161 Gammarus fossarum<\/em> (profily BF 3, BF 4, BF 5, BF 7). Larvy i\u00a0dosp\u011blci brouk\u016f (Coleoptera\u00a0\u2013 Elmis <\/em>sp.<\/em>) se vyskytovali pouze v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch tok\u016f (profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9). V\u00a0profilech BF 3, BF 4, BF 9 byly ojedin\u011ble nalezeny larvy v\u00e1\u017eek (Odonata\u00a0\u2013 Calopteryx <\/em>sp., Coenagrion <\/em>sp.), v\u00a0profilech BF 4 a\u00a0BF 8 drav\u00e9 larvy chrost\u00edk\u016f (Rhyacophila <\/em>sp.) a\u00a0v\u00a0profilu BF 8 pl\u017e Ancylus fluviatilis<\/em>.<\/p>\nAbundance organism\u016f\u00a0\u2013 po\u010det organism\u016f na standardn\u00ed vzorek<\/h4>\n
Podle o\u017eiven\u00ed lze profily za\u0159adit do n\u011bkolika skupin. V\u00fdrazn\u011b nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed o\u017eiven\u00ed vykazoval profil BF 1 (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do R1\u2013R3)\u00a0\u2013 vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd, s\u00a0velmi kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edm pr\u016ftokem, ob\u010das bez vody (organismy pouze v\u00a0mezer\u00e1ch mezi dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm). Jako n\u00edzkou lze charakterizovat i\u00a0abundanci makrozoobentosu v\u00a0profilu BF 7\u00a0\u2013 vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 koryto, siln\u011b ovliv\u0148ovan\u00e9 kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edm odtokem ze \u0160eber\u00e1ku a\u00a0zan\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 jemn\u00fdmi rybni\u010dn\u00edmi sedimenty. Dal\u0161\u00ed skupinu tvo\u0159\u00ed profily BF 2, BF 3, tak\u00e9 s\u00a0vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdm korytem, ale s\u00a0trval\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem, na dn\u011b je p\u0159\u00edtomen sediment a\u00a0kameny r\u016fzn\u00e9 velikosti. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 abundance (ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi sledovan\u00fdmi profily) byla v\u00a0profilu BF 5\u00a0\u2013 nap\u0159\u00edmen\u00e9 koryto, nevydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9, na dn\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jemn\u00fd sediment (v\u011bt\u0161inou splachy z\u00a0okoln\u00edch pol\u00ed). Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci makrozoobentosu vykazuj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9 (tabulka\u00a02<\/em>).<\/p>\nSaprobn\u00ed index<\/h4>\n
Hodnoty saprobn\u00edho indexu odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed hydrologick\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m a\u00a0kvalit\u011b vody potok\u016f. Na \u00farovni alfa-mesosaprobity jsou profily BF 1, BF 3 a\u00a0BF 7 (profil BF\u00a07\u00a0\u2013 Si 2,71, nejhor\u0161\u00ed ze sledovan\u00fdch\u00a0\u2013 je ovlivn\u011bn podm\u00ednkami odtoku z\u00a0rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k). Do stupn\u011b beta-mesosaprobita lze za\u0159adit ostatn\u00ed profily\u00a0\u2013 nejlep\u0161\u00ed je op\u011bt u\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch tok\u016f v\u00a0profilech BF 4, BF 8, BF 9 (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\nIndex diverzity<\/h4>\n
Ve sledovan\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch je nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed index diverzity (tj. relativn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed diverzita spole\u010denstva makrozoobentosu) v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch profilech BF 4 (Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n), BF 8, BF 9 (Boti\u010d) a\u00a0pon\u011bkud p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b v\u00a0profilu BF 1 (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do R1\u2013R3). Na profilu BF 1 je to d\u00e1no pom\u011brn\u011b rovnom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm taxon\u016f p\u0159i velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9m celkov\u00e9m po\u010dtu jedinc\u016f ve standardn\u00edm vzorku (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\nZ\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n
Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality vody pra\u017esk\u00fdch potok\u016f v\u00a0letech 2018\u20132019, v\u00a0jejich\u017e povod\u00ed jsou p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koupali\u0161t\u011b, zahrnovalo i\u00a0sledov\u00e1n\u00ed hydrobiologick\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f: fytobentos a\u00a0makrozoobentos. Vzorky byly na jednotliv\u00fdch potoc\u00edch odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny v\u00a0profilech p\u0159\u00edtok a\u00a0odtok t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch koupali\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n
Z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee spole\u010denstvo makrozoobentosu vykazuje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci a\u00a0druhovou diverzitu v\u00a0potoc\u00edch s\u00a0nejp\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi morfologick\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami (p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koryta potok\u016f Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00e9ho potoka pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n a\u00a0Boti\u010de nad i\u00a0pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed Hostiva\u0159, tj. profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9). I\u00a0tato spole\u010denstva v\u0161ak p\u0159i kombinaci vliv\u016f prost\u0159ed\u00ed (morfologie toku, kvalita vody, substr\u00e1t dna apod.) sv\u00fdm stupn\u011bm saprobity odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed hor\u0161\u00ed beta-mesosaprobit\u011b. Naopak ve spole\u010denstvech fytobentosu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edl (a\u017e na hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch forem v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch korytech) mezi p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi a\u00a0um\u011bl\u00fdmi profily zji\u0161t\u011bn nebyl. Pro vesm\u011bs p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00e9 \u0159asy (zejm\u00e9na rozsivky), kter\u00e9 v\u00a0uveden\u00fdch profilech dominuj\u00ed, se tedy zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem sp\u00ed\u0161e chemismus vody ne\u017e nap\u0159. mikrotopografie dna.<\/p>\n
Vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody z\u00a0hypolimnia n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n koncem l\u00e9ta v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje \u00fasek Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00e9ho potoka pod v\u00fdpust\u00ed (obr. 9<\/em>). Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu byl odb\u011br vzorku fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu posunut n\u011bkolik set metr\u016f po proudu (viz v\u00fd\u0161e).<\/p>\nJe z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed vliv na spole\u010denstva fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu ve sledovan\u00fdch toc\u00edch m\u00e1 (vedle vlastn\u00ed morfologie toku) i\u00a0trval\u00fd a\u00a0vysok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun \u017eivin (zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b P). P\u0159i p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 budouc\u00ed revitalizaci regulovan\u00fdch a\u00a0vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch potok\u016f bude nutno zahrnout i\u00a0\u00fapravu jejich morfologie a\u00a0substr\u00e1tu dna a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u011bnovat zna\u010dnou pozornost kvalit\u011b p\u0159it\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed vody.<\/p>\n
Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n
P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vznikl za podpory projektu CZ.07.1.02\/0.0\/0.0\/16_040\/0000382: Rekrea\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l vody v\u00a0Praze\u00a0\u2013 stav a\u00a0v\u00fdhledy; \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho v\u00a0r\u00e1mci opera\u010dn\u00edho programu Praha\u00a0\u2013 p\u00f3l r\u016fstu II.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The water quality monitoring of selected streams in Prague (which harbour in their catchment area natural bathing places) during 2018\u20132019 included also the monitoring of two hydrobiological indicators; the phytobenthos and macroinvertebrates communities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":8161,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[1927,1925,1926,1563],"coauthors":[22,1532,1531],"class_list":["post-8268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydrochemistry-radioecology-microbiology","tag-macroinvertebrates","tag-natural-public-bathing-places","tag-phytobenthos","tag-prague-streams"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8268"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30588,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268\/revisions\/30588"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8268"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=8268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nFig. 8. BF 4 profile; Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd stream, cca 500 m under the outflow from the D\u017eb\u00e1n water reservoir<\/h6>\n
<\/a>\nObr. 9. Vzhled odtoku p\u0159\u00edmo pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n
\nFig. 9. The ouflow directly under the D\u017eb\u00e1n water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 10. Profil BF 5, Vesteck\u00fd potok, levostrann\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k
\nFig. 10. BF 5 profile; Vesteck\u00fd stream, left side inflow into the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 11. Profil BF 6, Kunratick\u00fd potok, pravostrann\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k
\nFig. 11. BF 6 profile; Kunratick\u00fd stream, right side inflow into the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 12. Profil BF 7, Kunratick\u00fd potok, odtok z\u00a0rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k
\nFig. 12. BF 7 profile; Kunratick\u00fd stream, outflow from the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 13. Profil BF 8, Boti\u010d, p\u0159\u00edtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159
\nFig. 13. BF 8 profile; Boti\u010d stream, inflow into the Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 14. Profil BF 9, Boti\u010d, odtok z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159
\nFig. 14. BF 9 profile; Boti\u010d stream, outflow from the Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir<\/h6>\nMetodika odb\u011br\u016f a\u00a0anal\u00fdz vzork\u016f<\/h2>\nFytobentos<\/h3>\n
Vzorky fytobentosu byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny z\u00a0charakteristick\u00e9ho \u00faseku toku v\u017edy t\u0159ikr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b (duben, srpen, listopad). Odb\u011bry i\u00a0anal\u00fdza druhov\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed byly provedeny v\u00a0souladu se standardn\u00edmi metodami podle \u010cSN [3\u20136], v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m vzorku byly vyhodnoceny relativn\u00ed abundance jednotliv\u00fdch druh\u016f \u0159as podle z\u00e1kladn\u00ed stupnice, viz [5].<\/p>\n
Makrozoobentos<\/h3>\n
Vzorky makrozoobentosu byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0metodikou M\u017dP a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi platn\u00fdmi normami [7, 8]. Vzorky z\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch profil\u016f byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny metodou \u201ekick samples\u201c dvakr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b (duben, listopad) z\u00a0charakteristick\u00e9ho \u00faseku toku. Z\u00a0odebran\u00e9ho vzorku byly (po opl\u00e1chnut\u00ed vodou z\u00a0lokality) odstran\u011bny zachycen\u00e9 velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice (list\u00ed, makrofyta, \u2026). Vzorek byl n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159eveden do vzorkovnice a\u00a0nafixov\u00e1n etanolem. V\u00a0laborato\u0159i byly pod binokul\u00e1rn\u00ed lupou odebran\u00e9 vzorky podrobn\u011b prohl\u00e9dnuty, p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 organismy p\u0159evedeny do 70 % etanolu a\u00a0ur\u010deny (binokul\u00e1rn\u00ed lupa, mikroskop).<\/p>\n
Ve vzorc\u00edch byl stanoven celkov\u00fd po\u010det organism\u016f v\u00a0odebran\u00e9m standardn\u00edm vzorku [7, 8], saprobn\u00ed index [9] a\u00a0index diverzity Shannon-Weaver [10].<\/p>\n
V\u00fdsledky<\/h2>\nKoncentrace fosforu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch profilech<\/h3>\n
V\u00a0tabulce 1<\/em> jsou uvedeny pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9, maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty koncentrac\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho (Pcelk<\/sub>), a\u00a0fosfore\u010dnanov\u00e9ho (P-PO4<\/sub>) fosforu pro jednotliv\u00e9 profily odb\u011bru vzork\u016f. Vysok\u00e9 koncentrace Pcelk <\/sub>\u0159ad\u00ed vodu profil\u016f a\u017e do IV.\u2013V. t\u0159\u00eddy jakosti podle \u010cSN 75 7221 [11]. V\u00fdjimkou je profil BF 1\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159\u00edtok do reten\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee R1 (horn\u00ed tok Motolsk\u00e9ho potoka). Data pro profil BF 9\u00a0\u2013 odtok z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159 pro rok 2018 jsou p\u0159evzata z\u00a0[12].<\/p>\nTabulka 1. Koncentrace fosforu v\u00a0profilech
\nTable 1. Phosphorus concentrations in profiles<\/h5>\n<\/a>\nFytobentos<\/h3>\nKvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu<\/h4>\n
Kvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu bylo ve v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch profilech podobn\u00e9, se z\u0159etelnou dominanc\u00ed dvou hlavn\u00edch skupin, rozsivek (Bacillariophyceae) a zelen\u00fdch \u0159as z t\u0159\u00eddy Chlorophyceae. Ve druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se ov\u0161em na rozd\u00edl od rozsivek nejedn\u00e1 o typick\u00e9 bentick\u00e9 \u0159asy, n\u00fdbr\u017e o \u0159asy planktonn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly do sledovan\u00fdch profil\u016f zaneseny z p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch stojat\u00fdch vod (rybn\u00edk\u016f \u010di vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed). S ohledem na to, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o typickou letn\u00ed slo\u017eku fytoplanktonu, hojn\u011bji a ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci se vyskytovaly a\u017e v r\u00e1mci letn\u00edch a podzimn\u00edch odb\u011br\u016f.<\/p>\n
Z\u00a0rozsivek dominovaly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm velmi hojn\u00e9 druhy charakteristick\u00e9 pro vody s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010di st\u0159edn\u00ed trofi\u00ed, \u010dasto tolerantn\u00ed ke zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u010di druhy se \u0161irokou ekologickou amplitudou, jmenovit\u011b zejm\u00e9na Diatoma vulgaris<\/em>, Navicula lanceolata<\/em>, Navicula tripunctata<\/em>, Synedra ulna<\/em>, Navicula gregaria<\/em>, Melosira varians<\/em>, Nitzschia acicularis<\/em> atd. Ze zelen\u00fdch \u0159as zejm\u00e9na b\u011b\u017en\u00ed z\u00e1stupci eutrofn\u00edch vod z\u00a0rod\u016f Desmodesmus<\/em>, Pediastrum<\/em> s.l., Coelastrum<\/em>, Actinastrum<\/em>, Monoraphidium<\/em> atd. Ostatn\u00ed skupiny \u0159as (v\u010detn\u011b sinic) byly vesm\u011bs zastoupeny pouze minoritn\u011b a\u00a0a\u017e na v\u00fdjimky se jejich z\u00e1stupci nepod\u00edleli na slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev v\u00fdznamn\u011b ani kvantitativn\u011b. T\u011bmito v\u00fdjimkami byl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt (oproti ostatn\u00edm profil\u016fm) n\u011bkter\u00fdch vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch \u0159as (zejm\u00e9na Audouinella<\/em> sp. a\u00a0Cladophora glomerata<\/em>) na profilech BF 4, BF 5 a\u00a0v\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e tak\u00e9 na profilech BF 8 a\u00a0BF 9.<\/p>\nI\u00a0p\u0159es pom\u011brn\u011b vysokou celkovou druhovou diverzitu zaznamenanou na jednotliv\u00fdch profilech (podrobn\u011bji viz n\u00ed\u017ee) nebyly ve vzorc\u00edch nalezeny t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 druhy, za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1lez vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho bi\u010d\u00edkovce Tetraselmis cordiformis<\/em> na profilech BF 5, BF 7 a\u00a0BF 8 \u010di n\u00e1lez pozoruhodn\u00e9, v\u00a0\u010cR roztrou\u0161en\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed haptofytn\u00ed \u0159asy Hymenomonas roseola<\/em> na profilech BF 3 a\u00a0BF 8.<\/p>\nKvantitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu<\/h4>\n
Celkov\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita byla na v\u0161ech hodnocen\u00fdch profilech velmi podobn\u00e1, pohybovala se mezi 124 (profil BF 7) a\u00a0150 druhy (profil BF 2). Jedinou v\u00fdjimkou byl profil BF 1 s\u00a0celkem 70 druhy, u\u00a0n\u011bj byla ov\u0161em tato hodnota v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bna vyschnut\u00edm od l\u00e9ta 2018 do jara 2019, hodnoceny byly tud\u00ed\u017e vzorky pouze ze t\u0159\u00ed odb\u011br\u016f. Nav\u00edc bylo i\u00a0na n\u00edzk\u00e9 diverzit\u011b zejm\u00e9na letn\u00edho vzorku z\u00a0roku 2019 a\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 abundanci v\u011bt\u0161iny \u0159as patrn\u00e9, \u017ee se spole\u010denstva fytobentosu teprve vzpamatov\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00a0dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00edho vyschnut\u00ed. Zhruba srovnateln\u00e1 byla u\u00a0v\u0161ech profil\u016f i\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita na vzorek, kter\u00e1 se pohybovala (s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou profilu BF 1 se 37 druhy) od 41 druh\u016f (profil BF 5) do 59 druh\u016f (profil BF 2). Jak u\u017e bylo ov\u0161em zm\u00edn\u011bno v\u00fd\u0161e, druhov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev fytobentosu bylo zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0letn\u00edm a\u00a0podzimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bno splaven\u00edm planktonn\u00edch z\u00e1stupc\u016f z\u00a0p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch stojat\u00fdch vod, zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly tedy nemaj\u00ed jednozna\u010dnou vypov\u00eddac\u00ed schopnost. M\u00edra odli\u0161nosti mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi lokalitami byla tedy do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry d\u00e1na odli\u0161nost\u00ed druhov\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed letn\u00edch vzork\u016f, tj. v\u00a0podstat\u011b m\u00edrou ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch profil\u016f p\u0159ilehl\u00fdmi stojat\u00fdmi vodami, z\u00a0nich\u017e byly na dan\u00e1 odb\u011brov\u00e1 m\u00edsta splaveny planktonn\u00ed \u0159asy a\u00a0sinice (kter\u00e9 byly ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed slo\u017ekou zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti), sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi rozd\u00edly v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch spole\u010denstvech jejich fytobentosu.<\/p>\n
Makrozoobentos<\/h3>\n
V\u00fdsledky stanoven\u00ed makrozoobentosu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch sledovan\u00fdch profilech za obdob\u00ed let 2018\u20132019 jsou uvedeny v\u00a0tabulce 2<\/em>. V\u00fdsledky jsou pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi hodnotami ukazatel\u016f ze dvou (profil BF 1\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu 2018 a\u00a0v\u00a0dubnu 2019 byl bez vody), t\u0159\u00ed (profil BF 2\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0dubnu 2019 byl bez vody; profil BF 7\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu 2019 siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn vysok\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem a\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00edm sedimentu vzhledem k\u00a0vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k a\u00a0odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sedimentu v\u00a0roce 2019) a\u00a0\u010dty\u0159 odb\u011br\u016f (ostatn\u00ed profily).<\/p>\nTabulka 2. Charakteristiky spole\u010denstev makrozoobentosu ve sledovan\u00fdch profilech (n: po\u010det jedinc\u016f ve vzorku, Si: saprobn\u00ed index, H: index diversity Shannon-Weaver)
\nTable 2. Characteristics of macroinvertebrate communities in the studied profiles (n: number of individuals per sample, Si: saprobic index, H: Shannon-Weaver diversity index)<\/h5>\n<\/a>\nKvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed makrozoobentosu<\/h4>\n
Kvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed makrozoobentosu bylo ve v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch profilech obdobn\u00e9, li\u0161ilo se sp\u00ed\u0161e pom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch taxon\u016f. V\u017edy byly (v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e) zastoupeni m\u00e1lo\u0161t\u011btinatci (Oligochaeta\u00a0\u2013 Tubificidae), pijavky (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Erpobdella octoculata<\/em>), kor\u00fd\u0161i Asellus aquaticus<\/em>,\u00a0m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161i (v\u011bt\u0161inou Pisidium <\/em>sp. a\u00a0Bythinia <\/em>sp.), larvy Chironomidae, larvy chrost\u00edk\u016f (hlavn\u011b Hydropsyche angustipennis<\/em>), ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b profil\u016f i\u00a0larvy jepic (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Baetis fuscatus<\/em>) a\u00a0\u010dast\u00e9 byly i\u00a0larvy muchni\u010dek (Simulium <\/em>sp.).<\/p>\nV\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch profilech se vyskytovali (i\u00a0ve zna\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed) \u017eahavci (nezmar\u00a0\u2013 Hydra <\/em>sp.\u00a0\u2013 profily BF 2, BF 3, BF 4, BF 5); v\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed larvy pakom\u00e1rcovit\u00fdch (Ceratopogonidae\u00a0\u2013 profily BF 1, BF 3, BF 4, BF 5, BF 7), kor\u00fd\u0161 Gammarus fossarum<\/em> (profily BF 3, BF 4, BF 5, BF 7). Larvy i\u00a0dosp\u011blci brouk\u016f (Coleoptera\u00a0\u2013 Elmis <\/em>sp.<\/em>) se vyskytovali pouze v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch tok\u016f (profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9). V\u00a0profilech BF 3, BF 4, BF 9 byly ojedin\u011ble nalezeny larvy v\u00e1\u017eek (Odonata\u00a0\u2013 Calopteryx <\/em>sp., Coenagrion <\/em>sp.), v\u00a0profilech BF 4 a\u00a0BF 8 drav\u00e9 larvy chrost\u00edk\u016f (Rhyacophila <\/em>sp.) a\u00a0v\u00a0profilu BF 8 pl\u017e Ancylus fluviatilis<\/em>.<\/p>\nAbundance organism\u016f\u00a0\u2013 po\u010det organism\u016f na standardn\u00ed vzorek<\/h4>\n
Podle o\u017eiven\u00ed lze profily za\u0159adit do n\u011bkolika skupin. V\u00fdrazn\u011b nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed o\u017eiven\u00ed vykazoval profil BF 1 (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do R1\u2013R3)\u00a0\u2013 vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd, s\u00a0velmi kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edm pr\u016ftokem, ob\u010das bez vody (organismy pouze v\u00a0mezer\u00e1ch mezi dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm). Jako n\u00edzkou lze charakterizovat i\u00a0abundanci makrozoobentosu v\u00a0profilu BF 7\u00a0\u2013 vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 koryto, siln\u011b ovliv\u0148ovan\u00e9 kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edm odtokem ze \u0160eber\u00e1ku a\u00a0zan\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 jemn\u00fdmi rybni\u010dn\u00edmi sedimenty. Dal\u0161\u00ed skupinu tvo\u0159\u00ed profily BF 2, BF 3, tak\u00e9 s\u00a0vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdm korytem, ale s\u00a0trval\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem, na dn\u011b je p\u0159\u00edtomen sediment a\u00a0kameny r\u016fzn\u00e9 velikosti. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 abundance (ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi sledovan\u00fdmi profily) byla v\u00a0profilu BF 5\u00a0\u2013 nap\u0159\u00edmen\u00e9 koryto, nevydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9, na dn\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jemn\u00fd sediment (v\u011bt\u0161inou splachy z\u00a0okoln\u00edch pol\u00ed). Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci makrozoobentosu vykazuj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9 (tabulka\u00a02<\/em>).<\/p>\nSaprobn\u00ed index<\/h4>\n
Hodnoty saprobn\u00edho indexu odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed hydrologick\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m a\u00a0kvalit\u011b vody potok\u016f. Na \u00farovni alfa-mesosaprobity jsou profily BF 1, BF 3 a\u00a0BF 7 (profil BF\u00a07\u00a0\u2013 Si 2,71, nejhor\u0161\u00ed ze sledovan\u00fdch\u00a0\u2013 je ovlivn\u011bn podm\u00ednkami odtoku z\u00a0rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k). Do stupn\u011b beta-mesosaprobita lze za\u0159adit ostatn\u00ed profily\u00a0\u2013 nejlep\u0161\u00ed je op\u011bt u\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch tok\u016f v\u00a0profilech BF 4, BF 8, BF 9 (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\nIndex diverzity<\/h4>\n
Ve sledovan\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch je nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed index diverzity (tj. relativn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed diverzita spole\u010denstva makrozoobentosu) v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch profilech BF 4 (Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n), BF 8, BF 9 (Boti\u010d) a\u00a0pon\u011bkud p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b v\u00a0profilu BF 1 (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do R1\u2013R3). Na profilu BF 1 je to d\u00e1no pom\u011brn\u011b rovnom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm taxon\u016f p\u0159i velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9m celkov\u00e9m po\u010dtu jedinc\u016f ve standardn\u00edm vzorku (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\nZ\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n
Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality vody pra\u017esk\u00fdch potok\u016f v\u00a0letech 2018\u20132019, v\u00a0jejich\u017e povod\u00ed jsou p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koupali\u0161t\u011b, zahrnovalo i\u00a0sledov\u00e1n\u00ed hydrobiologick\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f: fytobentos a\u00a0makrozoobentos. Vzorky byly na jednotliv\u00fdch potoc\u00edch odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny v\u00a0profilech p\u0159\u00edtok a\u00a0odtok t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch koupali\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n
Z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee spole\u010denstvo makrozoobentosu vykazuje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci a\u00a0druhovou diverzitu v\u00a0potoc\u00edch s\u00a0nejp\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi morfologick\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami (p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koryta potok\u016f Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00e9ho potoka pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n a\u00a0Boti\u010de nad i\u00a0pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed Hostiva\u0159, tj. profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9). I\u00a0tato spole\u010denstva v\u0161ak p\u0159i kombinaci vliv\u016f prost\u0159ed\u00ed (morfologie toku, kvalita vody, substr\u00e1t dna apod.) sv\u00fdm stupn\u011bm saprobity odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed hor\u0161\u00ed beta-mesosaprobit\u011b. Naopak ve spole\u010denstvech fytobentosu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edl (a\u017e na hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch forem v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch korytech) mezi p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi a\u00a0um\u011bl\u00fdmi profily zji\u0161t\u011bn nebyl. Pro vesm\u011bs p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00e9 \u0159asy (zejm\u00e9na rozsivky), kter\u00e9 v\u00a0uveden\u00fdch profilech dominuj\u00ed, se tedy zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem sp\u00ed\u0161e chemismus vody ne\u017e nap\u0159. mikrotopografie dna.<\/p>\n
Vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody z\u00a0hypolimnia n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n koncem l\u00e9ta v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje \u00fasek Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00e9ho potoka pod v\u00fdpust\u00ed (obr. 9<\/em>). Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu byl odb\u011br vzorku fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu posunut n\u011bkolik set metr\u016f po proudu (viz v\u00fd\u0161e).<\/p>\nJe z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed vliv na spole\u010denstva fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu ve sledovan\u00fdch toc\u00edch m\u00e1 (vedle vlastn\u00ed morfologie toku) i\u00a0trval\u00fd a\u00a0vysok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun \u017eivin (zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b P). P\u0159i p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 budouc\u00ed revitalizaci regulovan\u00fdch a\u00a0vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch potok\u016f bude nutno zahrnout i\u00a0\u00fapravu jejich morfologie a\u00a0substr\u00e1tu dna a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u011bnovat zna\u010dnou pozornost kvalit\u011b p\u0159it\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed vody.<\/p>\n
Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n
P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vznikl za podpory projektu CZ.07.1.02\/0.0\/0.0\/16_040\/0000382: Rekrea\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l vody v\u00a0Praze\u00a0\u2013 stav a\u00a0v\u00fdhledy; \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho v\u00a0r\u00e1mci opera\u010dn\u00edho programu Praha\u00a0\u2013 p\u00f3l r\u016fstu II.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The water quality monitoring of selected streams in Prague (which harbour in their catchment area natural bathing places) during 2018\u20132019 included also the monitoring of two hydrobiological indicators; the phytobenthos and macroinvertebrates communities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":8161,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[1927,1925,1926,1563],"coauthors":[22,1532,1531],"class_list":["post-8268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydrochemistry-radioecology-microbiology","tag-macroinvertebrates","tag-natural-public-bathing-places","tag-phytobenthos","tag-prague-streams"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8268"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30588,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268\/revisions\/30588"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8268"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=8268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nFig. 10. BF 5 profile; Vesteck\u00fd stream, left side inflow into the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n
<\/a>\nObr. 11. Profil BF 6, Kunratick\u00fd potok, pravostrann\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok do rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k
\nFig. 11. BF 6 profile; Kunratick\u00fd stream, right side inflow into the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 12. Profil BF 7, Kunratick\u00fd potok, odtok z\u00a0rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k
\nFig. 12. BF 7 profile; Kunratick\u00fd stream, outflow from the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 13. Profil BF 8, Boti\u010d, p\u0159\u00edtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159
\nFig. 13. BF 8 profile; Boti\u010d stream, inflow into the Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 14. Profil BF 9, Boti\u010d, odtok z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159
\nFig. 14. BF 9 profile; Boti\u010d stream, outflow from the Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir<\/h6>\nMetodika odb\u011br\u016f a\u00a0anal\u00fdz vzork\u016f<\/h2>\nFytobentos<\/h3>\n
Vzorky fytobentosu byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny z\u00a0charakteristick\u00e9ho \u00faseku toku v\u017edy t\u0159ikr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b (duben, srpen, listopad). Odb\u011bry i\u00a0anal\u00fdza druhov\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed byly provedeny v\u00a0souladu se standardn\u00edmi metodami podle \u010cSN [3\u20136], v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m vzorku byly vyhodnoceny relativn\u00ed abundance jednotliv\u00fdch druh\u016f \u0159as podle z\u00e1kladn\u00ed stupnice, viz [5].<\/p>\n
Makrozoobentos<\/h3>\n
Vzorky makrozoobentosu byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0metodikou M\u017dP a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi platn\u00fdmi normami [7, 8]. Vzorky z\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch profil\u016f byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny metodou \u201ekick samples\u201c dvakr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b (duben, listopad) z\u00a0charakteristick\u00e9ho \u00faseku toku. Z\u00a0odebran\u00e9ho vzorku byly (po opl\u00e1chnut\u00ed vodou z\u00a0lokality) odstran\u011bny zachycen\u00e9 velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice (list\u00ed, makrofyta, \u2026). Vzorek byl n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159eveden do vzorkovnice a\u00a0nafixov\u00e1n etanolem. V\u00a0laborato\u0159i byly pod binokul\u00e1rn\u00ed lupou odebran\u00e9 vzorky podrobn\u011b prohl\u00e9dnuty, p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 organismy p\u0159evedeny do 70 % etanolu a\u00a0ur\u010deny (binokul\u00e1rn\u00ed lupa, mikroskop).<\/p>\n
Ve vzorc\u00edch byl stanoven celkov\u00fd po\u010det organism\u016f v\u00a0odebran\u00e9m standardn\u00edm vzorku [7, 8], saprobn\u00ed index [9] a\u00a0index diverzity Shannon-Weaver [10].<\/p>\n
V\u00fdsledky<\/h2>\nKoncentrace fosforu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch profilech<\/h3>\n
V\u00a0tabulce 1<\/em> jsou uvedeny pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9, maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty koncentrac\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho (Pcelk<\/sub>), a\u00a0fosfore\u010dnanov\u00e9ho (P-PO4<\/sub>) fosforu pro jednotliv\u00e9 profily odb\u011bru vzork\u016f. Vysok\u00e9 koncentrace Pcelk <\/sub>\u0159ad\u00ed vodu profil\u016f a\u017e do IV.\u2013V. t\u0159\u00eddy jakosti podle \u010cSN 75 7221 [11]. V\u00fdjimkou je profil BF 1\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159\u00edtok do reten\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee R1 (horn\u00ed tok Motolsk\u00e9ho potoka). Data pro profil BF 9\u00a0\u2013 odtok z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159 pro rok 2018 jsou p\u0159evzata z\u00a0[12].<\/p>\nTabulka 1. Koncentrace fosforu v\u00a0profilech
\nTable 1. Phosphorus concentrations in profiles<\/h5>\n<\/a>\nFytobentos<\/h3>\nKvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu<\/h4>\n
Kvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu bylo ve v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch profilech podobn\u00e9, se z\u0159etelnou dominanc\u00ed dvou hlavn\u00edch skupin, rozsivek (Bacillariophyceae) a zelen\u00fdch \u0159as z t\u0159\u00eddy Chlorophyceae. Ve druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se ov\u0161em na rozd\u00edl od rozsivek nejedn\u00e1 o typick\u00e9 bentick\u00e9 \u0159asy, n\u00fdbr\u017e o \u0159asy planktonn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly do sledovan\u00fdch profil\u016f zaneseny z p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch stojat\u00fdch vod (rybn\u00edk\u016f \u010di vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed). S ohledem na to, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o typickou letn\u00ed slo\u017eku fytoplanktonu, hojn\u011bji a ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci se vyskytovaly a\u017e v r\u00e1mci letn\u00edch a podzimn\u00edch odb\u011br\u016f.<\/p>\n
Z\u00a0rozsivek dominovaly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm velmi hojn\u00e9 druhy charakteristick\u00e9 pro vody s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010di st\u0159edn\u00ed trofi\u00ed, \u010dasto tolerantn\u00ed ke zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u010di druhy se \u0161irokou ekologickou amplitudou, jmenovit\u011b zejm\u00e9na Diatoma vulgaris<\/em>, Navicula lanceolata<\/em>, Navicula tripunctata<\/em>, Synedra ulna<\/em>, Navicula gregaria<\/em>, Melosira varians<\/em>, Nitzschia acicularis<\/em> atd. Ze zelen\u00fdch \u0159as zejm\u00e9na b\u011b\u017en\u00ed z\u00e1stupci eutrofn\u00edch vod z\u00a0rod\u016f Desmodesmus<\/em>, Pediastrum<\/em> s.l., Coelastrum<\/em>, Actinastrum<\/em>, Monoraphidium<\/em> atd. Ostatn\u00ed skupiny \u0159as (v\u010detn\u011b sinic) byly vesm\u011bs zastoupeny pouze minoritn\u011b a\u00a0a\u017e na v\u00fdjimky se jejich z\u00e1stupci nepod\u00edleli na slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev v\u00fdznamn\u011b ani kvantitativn\u011b. T\u011bmito v\u00fdjimkami byl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt (oproti ostatn\u00edm profil\u016fm) n\u011bkter\u00fdch vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch \u0159as (zejm\u00e9na Audouinella<\/em> sp. a\u00a0Cladophora glomerata<\/em>) na profilech BF 4, BF 5 a\u00a0v\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e tak\u00e9 na profilech BF 8 a\u00a0BF 9.<\/p>\nI\u00a0p\u0159es pom\u011brn\u011b vysokou celkovou druhovou diverzitu zaznamenanou na jednotliv\u00fdch profilech (podrobn\u011bji viz n\u00ed\u017ee) nebyly ve vzorc\u00edch nalezeny t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 druhy, za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1lez vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho bi\u010d\u00edkovce Tetraselmis cordiformis<\/em> na profilech BF 5, BF 7 a\u00a0BF 8 \u010di n\u00e1lez pozoruhodn\u00e9, v\u00a0\u010cR roztrou\u0161en\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed haptofytn\u00ed \u0159asy Hymenomonas roseola<\/em> na profilech BF 3 a\u00a0BF 8.<\/p>\nKvantitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu<\/h4>\n
Celkov\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita byla na v\u0161ech hodnocen\u00fdch profilech velmi podobn\u00e1, pohybovala se mezi 124 (profil BF 7) a\u00a0150 druhy (profil BF 2). Jedinou v\u00fdjimkou byl profil BF 1 s\u00a0celkem 70 druhy, u\u00a0n\u011bj byla ov\u0161em tato hodnota v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bna vyschnut\u00edm od l\u00e9ta 2018 do jara 2019, hodnoceny byly tud\u00ed\u017e vzorky pouze ze t\u0159\u00ed odb\u011br\u016f. Nav\u00edc bylo i\u00a0na n\u00edzk\u00e9 diverzit\u011b zejm\u00e9na letn\u00edho vzorku z\u00a0roku 2019 a\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 abundanci v\u011bt\u0161iny \u0159as patrn\u00e9, \u017ee se spole\u010denstva fytobentosu teprve vzpamatov\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00a0dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00edho vyschnut\u00ed. Zhruba srovnateln\u00e1 byla u\u00a0v\u0161ech profil\u016f i\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita na vzorek, kter\u00e1 se pohybovala (s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou profilu BF 1 se 37 druhy) od 41 druh\u016f (profil BF 5) do 59 druh\u016f (profil BF 2). Jak u\u017e bylo ov\u0161em zm\u00edn\u011bno v\u00fd\u0161e, druhov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev fytobentosu bylo zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0letn\u00edm a\u00a0podzimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bno splaven\u00edm planktonn\u00edch z\u00e1stupc\u016f z\u00a0p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch stojat\u00fdch vod, zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly tedy nemaj\u00ed jednozna\u010dnou vypov\u00eddac\u00ed schopnost. M\u00edra odli\u0161nosti mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi lokalitami byla tedy do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry d\u00e1na odli\u0161nost\u00ed druhov\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed letn\u00edch vzork\u016f, tj. v\u00a0podstat\u011b m\u00edrou ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch profil\u016f p\u0159ilehl\u00fdmi stojat\u00fdmi vodami, z\u00a0nich\u017e byly na dan\u00e1 odb\u011brov\u00e1 m\u00edsta splaveny planktonn\u00ed \u0159asy a\u00a0sinice (kter\u00e9 byly ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed slo\u017ekou zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti), sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi rozd\u00edly v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch spole\u010denstvech jejich fytobentosu.<\/p>\n
Makrozoobentos<\/h3>\n
V\u00fdsledky stanoven\u00ed makrozoobentosu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch sledovan\u00fdch profilech za obdob\u00ed let 2018\u20132019 jsou uvedeny v\u00a0tabulce 2<\/em>. V\u00fdsledky jsou pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi hodnotami ukazatel\u016f ze dvou (profil BF 1\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu 2018 a\u00a0v\u00a0dubnu 2019 byl bez vody), t\u0159\u00ed (profil BF 2\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0dubnu 2019 byl bez vody; profil BF 7\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu 2019 siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn vysok\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem a\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00edm sedimentu vzhledem k\u00a0vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k a\u00a0odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sedimentu v\u00a0roce 2019) a\u00a0\u010dty\u0159 odb\u011br\u016f (ostatn\u00ed profily).<\/p>\nTabulka 2. Charakteristiky spole\u010denstev makrozoobentosu ve sledovan\u00fdch profilech (n: po\u010det jedinc\u016f ve vzorku, Si: saprobn\u00ed index, H: index diversity Shannon-Weaver)
\nTable 2. Characteristics of macroinvertebrate communities in the studied profiles (n: number of individuals per sample, Si: saprobic index, H: Shannon-Weaver diversity index)<\/h5>\n<\/a>\nKvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed makrozoobentosu<\/h4>\n
Kvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed makrozoobentosu bylo ve v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch profilech obdobn\u00e9, li\u0161ilo se sp\u00ed\u0161e pom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch taxon\u016f. V\u017edy byly (v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e) zastoupeni m\u00e1lo\u0161t\u011btinatci (Oligochaeta\u00a0\u2013 Tubificidae), pijavky (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Erpobdella octoculata<\/em>), kor\u00fd\u0161i Asellus aquaticus<\/em>,\u00a0m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161i (v\u011bt\u0161inou Pisidium <\/em>sp. a\u00a0Bythinia <\/em>sp.), larvy Chironomidae, larvy chrost\u00edk\u016f (hlavn\u011b Hydropsyche angustipennis<\/em>), ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b profil\u016f i\u00a0larvy jepic (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Baetis fuscatus<\/em>) a\u00a0\u010dast\u00e9 byly i\u00a0larvy muchni\u010dek (Simulium <\/em>sp.).<\/p>\nV\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch profilech se vyskytovali (i\u00a0ve zna\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed) \u017eahavci (nezmar\u00a0\u2013 Hydra <\/em>sp.\u00a0\u2013 profily BF 2, BF 3, BF 4, BF 5); v\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed larvy pakom\u00e1rcovit\u00fdch (Ceratopogonidae\u00a0\u2013 profily BF 1, BF 3, BF 4, BF 5, BF 7), kor\u00fd\u0161 Gammarus fossarum<\/em> (profily BF 3, BF 4, BF 5, BF 7). Larvy i\u00a0dosp\u011blci brouk\u016f (Coleoptera\u00a0\u2013 Elmis <\/em>sp.<\/em>) se vyskytovali pouze v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch tok\u016f (profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9). V\u00a0profilech BF 3, BF 4, BF 9 byly ojedin\u011ble nalezeny larvy v\u00e1\u017eek (Odonata\u00a0\u2013 Calopteryx <\/em>sp., Coenagrion <\/em>sp.), v\u00a0profilech BF 4 a\u00a0BF 8 drav\u00e9 larvy chrost\u00edk\u016f (Rhyacophila <\/em>sp.) a\u00a0v\u00a0profilu BF 8 pl\u017e Ancylus fluviatilis<\/em>.<\/p>\nAbundance organism\u016f\u00a0\u2013 po\u010det organism\u016f na standardn\u00ed vzorek<\/h4>\n
Podle o\u017eiven\u00ed lze profily za\u0159adit do n\u011bkolika skupin. V\u00fdrazn\u011b nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed o\u017eiven\u00ed vykazoval profil BF 1 (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do R1\u2013R3)\u00a0\u2013 vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd, s\u00a0velmi kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edm pr\u016ftokem, ob\u010das bez vody (organismy pouze v\u00a0mezer\u00e1ch mezi dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm). Jako n\u00edzkou lze charakterizovat i\u00a0abundanci makrozoobentosu v\u00a0profilu BF 7\u00a0\u2013 vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 koryto, siln\u011b ovliv\u0148ovan\u00e9 kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edm odtokem ze \u0160eber\u00e1ku a\u00a0zan\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 jemn\u00fdmi rybni\u010dn\u00edmi sedimenty. Dal\u0161\u00ed skupinu tvo\u0159\u00ed profily BF 2, BF 3, tak\u00e9 s\u00a0vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdm korytem, ale s\u00a0trval\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem, na dn\u011b je p\u0159\u00edtomen sediment a\u00a0kameny r\u016fzn\u00e9 velikosti. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 abundance (ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi sledovan\u00fdmi profily) byla v\u00a0profilu BF 5\u00a0\u2013 nap\u0159\u00edmen\u00e9 koryto, nevydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9, na dn\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jemn\u00fd sediment (v\u011bt\u0161inou splachy z\u00a0okoln\u00edch pol\u00ed). Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci makrozoobentosu vykazuj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9 (tabulka\u00a02<\/em>).<\/p>\nSaprobn\u00ed index<\/h4>\n
Hodnoty saprobn\u00edho indexu odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed hydrologick\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m a\u00a0kvalit\u011b vody potok\u016f. Na \u00farovni alfa-mesosaprobity jsou profily BF 1, BF 3 a\u00a0BF 7 (profil BF\u00a07\u00a0\u2013 Si 2,71, nejhor\u0161\u00ed ze sledovan\u00fdch\u00a0\u2013 je ovlivn\u011bn podm\u00ednkami odtoku z\u00a0rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k). Do stupn\u011b beta-mesosaprobita lze za\u0159adit ostatn\u00ed profily\u00a0\u2013 nejlep\u0161\u00ed je op\u011bt u\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch tok\u016f v\u00a0profilech BF 4, BF 8, BF 9 (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\nIndex diverzity<\/h4>\n
Ve sledovan\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch je nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed index diverzity (tj. relativn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed diverzita spole\u010denstva makrozoobentosu) v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch profilech BF 4 (Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n), BF 8, BF 9 (Boti\u010d) a\u00a0pon\u011bkud p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b v\u00a0profilu BF 1 (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do R1\u2013R3). Na profilu BF 1 je to d\u00e1no pom\u011brn\u011b rovnom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm taxon\u016f p\u0159i velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9m celkov\u00e9m po\u010dtu jedinc\u016f ve standardn\u00edm vzorku (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\nZ\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n
Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality vody pra\u017esk\u00fdch potok\u016f v\u00a0letech 2018\u20132019, v\u00a0jejich\u017e povod\u00ed jsou p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koupali\u0161t\u011b, zahrnovalo i\u00a0sledov\u00e1n\u00ed hydrobiologick\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f: fytobentos a\u00a0makrozoobentos. Vzorky byly na jednotliv\u00fdch potoc\u00edch odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny v\u00a0profilech p\u0159\u00edtok a\u00a0odtok t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch koupali\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n
Z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee spole\u010denstvo makrozoobentosu vykazuje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci a\u00a0druhovou diverzitu v\u00a0potoc\u00edch s\u00a0nejp\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi morfologick\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami (p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koryta potok\u016f Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00e9ho potoka pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n a\u00a0Boti\u010de nad i\u00a0pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed Hostiva\u0159, tj. profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9). I\u00a0tato spole\u010denstva v\u0161ak p\u0159i kombinaci vliv\u016f prost\u0159ed\u00ed (morfologie toku, kvalita vody, substr\u00e1t dna apod.) sv\u00fdm stupn\u011bm saprobity odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed hor\u0161\u00ed beta-mesosaprobit\u011b. Naopak ve spole\u010denstvech fytobentosu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edl (a\u017e na hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch forem v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch korytech) mezi p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi a\u00a0um\u011bl\u00fdmi profily zji\u0161t\u011bn nebyl. Pro vesm\u011bs p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00e9 \u0159asy (zejm\u00e9na rozsivky), kter\u00e9 v\u00a0uveden\u00fdch profilech dominuj\u00ed, se tedy zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem sp\u00ed\u0161e chemismus vody ne\u017e nap\u0159. mikrotopografie dna.<\/p>\n
Vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody z\u00a0hypolimnia n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n koncem l\u00e9ta v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje \u00fasek Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00e9ho potoka pod v\u00fdpust\u00ed (obr. 9<\/em>). Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu byl odb\u011br vzorku fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu posunut n\u011bkolik set metr\u016f po proudu (viz v\u00fd\u0161e).<\/p>\nJe z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed vliv na spole\u010denstva fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu ve sledovan\u00fdch toc\u00edch m\u00e1 (vedle vlastn\u00ed morfologie toku) i\u00a0trval\u00fd a\u00a0vysok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun \u017eivin (zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b P). P\u0159i p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 budouc\u00ed revitalizaci regulovan\u00fdch a\u00a0vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch potok\u016f bude nutno zahrnout i\u00a0\u00fapravu jejich morfologie a\u00a0substr\u00e1tu dna a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u011bnovat zna\u010dnou pozornost kvalit\u011b p\u0159it\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed vody.<\/p>\n
Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n
P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vznikl za podpory projektu CZ.07.1.02\/0.0\/0.0\/16_040\/0000382: Rekrea\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l vody v\u00a0Praze\u00a0\u2013 stav a\u00a0v\u00fdhledy; \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho v\u00a0r\u00e1mci opera\u010dn\u00edho programu Praha\u00a0\u2013 p\u00f3l r\u016fstu II.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The water quality monitoring of selected streams in Prague (which harbour in their catchment area natural bathing places) during 2018\u20132019 included also the monitoring of two hydrobiological indicators; the phytobenthos and macroinvertebrates communities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":8161,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[1927,1925,1926,1563],"coauthors":[22,1532,1531],"class_list":["post-8268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydrochemistry-radioecology-microbiology","tag-macroinvertebrates","tag-natural-public-bathing-places","tag-phytobenthos","tag-prague-streams"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8268"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30588,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268\/revisions\/30588"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8268"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=8268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nFig. 12. BF 7 profile; Kunratick\u00fd stream, outflow from the \u0160eber\u00e1k fishpond<\/h6>\n
<\/a>\nObr. 13. Profil BF 8, Boti\u010d, p\u0159\u00edtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159
\nFig. 13. BF 8 profile; Boti\u010d stream, inflow into the Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 14. Profil BF 9, Boti\u010d, odtok z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159
\nFig. 14. BF 9 profile; Boti\u010d stream, outflow from the Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir<\/h6>\nMetodika odb\u011br\u016f a\u00a0anal\u00fdz vzork\u016f<\/h2>\nFytobentos<\/h3>\n
Vzorky fytobentosu byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny z\u00a0charakteristick\u00e9ho \u00faseku toku v\u017edy t\u0159ikr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b (duben, srpen, listopad). Odb\u011bry i\u00a0anal\u00fdza druhov\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed byly provedeny v\u00a0souladu se standardn\u00edmi metodami podle \u010cSN [3\u20136], v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m vzorku byly vyhodnoceny relativn\u00ed abundance jednotliv\u00fdch druh\u016f \u0159as podle z\u00e1kladn\u00ed stupnice, viz [5].<\/p>\n
Makrozoobentos<\/h3>\n
Vzorky makrozoobentosu byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0metodikou M\u017dP a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi platn\u00fdmi normami [7, 8]. Vzorky z\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch profil\u016f byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny metodou \u201ekick samples\u201c dvakr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b (duben, listopad) z\u00a0charakteristick\u00e9ho \u00faseku toku. Z\u00a0odebran\u00e9ho vzorku byly (po opl\u00e1chnut\u00ed vodou z\u00a0lokality) odstran\u011bny zachycen\u00e9 velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice (list\u00ed, makrofyta, \u2026). Vzorek byl n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159eveden do vzorkovnice a\u00a0nafixov\u00e1n etanolem. V\u00a0laborato\u0159i byly pod binokul\u00e1rn\u00ed lupou odebran\u00e9 vzorky podrobn\u011b prohl\u00e9dnuty, p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 organismy p\u0159evedeny do 70 % etanolu a\u00a0ur\u010deny (binokul\u00e1rn\u00ed lupa, mikroskop).<\/p>\n
Ve vzorc\u00edch byl stanoven celkov\u00fd po\u010det organism\u016f v\u00a0odebran\u00e9m standardn\u00edm vzorku [7, 8], saprobn\u00ed index [9] a\u00a0index diverzity Shannon-Weaver [10].<\/p>\n
V\u00fdsledky<\/h2>\nKoncentrace fosforu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch profilech<\/h3>\n
V\u00a0tabulce 1<\/em> jsou uvedeny pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9, maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty koncentrac\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho (Pcelk<\/sub>), a\u00a0fosfore\u010dnanov\u00e9ho (P-PO4<\/sub>) fosforu pro jednotliv\u00e9 profily odb\u011bru vzork\u016f. Vysok\u00e9 koncentrace Pcelk <\/sub>\u0159ad\u00ed vodu profil\u016f a\u017e do IV.\u2013V. t\u0159\u00eddy jakosti podle \u010cSN 75 7221 [11]. V\u00fdjimkou je profil BF 1\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159\u00edtok do reten\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee R1 (horn\u00ed tok Motolsk\u00e9ho potoka). Data pro profil BF 9\u00a0\u2013 odtok z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159 pro rok 2018 jsou p\u0159evzata z\u00a0[12].<\/p>\nTabulka 1. Koncentrace fosforu v\u00a0profilech
\nTable 1. Phosphorus concentrations in profiles<\/h5>\n<\/a>\nFytobentos<\/h3>\nKvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu<\/h4>\n
Kvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu bylo ve v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch profilech podobn\u00e9, se z\u0159etelnou dominanc\u00ed dvou hlavn\u00edch skupin, rozsivek (Bacillariophyceae) a zelen\u00fdch \u0159as z t\u0159\u00eddy Chlorophyceae. Ve druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se ov\u0161em na rozd\u00edl od rozsivek nejedn\u00e1 o typick\u00e9 bentick\u00e9 \u0159asy, n\u00fdbr\u017e o \u0159asy planktonn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly do sledovan\u00fdch profil\u016f zaneseny z p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch stojat\u00fdch vod (rybn\u00edk\u016f \u010di vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed). S ohledem na to, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o typickou letn\u00ed slo\u017eku fytoplanktonu, hojn\u011bji a ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci se vyskytovaly a\u017e v r\u00e1mci letn\u00edch a podzimn\u00edch odb\u011br\u016f.<\/p>\n
Z\u00a0rozsivek dominovaly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm velmi hojn\u00e9 druhy charakteristick\u00e9 pro vody s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010di st\u0159edn\u00ed trofi\u00ed, \u010dasto tolerantn\u00ed ke zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u010di druhy se \u0161irokou ekologickou amplitudou, jmenovit\u011b zejm\u00e9na Diatoma vulgaris<\/em>, Navicula lanceolata<\/em>, Navicula tripunctata<\/em>, Synedra ulna<\/em>, Navicula gregaria<\/em>, Melosira varians<\/em>, Nitzschia acicularis<\/em> atd. Ze zelen\u00fdch \u0159as zejm\u00e9na b\u011b\u017en\u00ed z\u00e1stupci eutrofn\u00edch vod z\u00a0rod\u016f Desmodesmus<\/em>, Pediastrum<\/em> s.l., Coelastrum<\/em>, Actinastrum<\/em>, Monoraphidium<\/em> atd. Ostatn\u00ed skupiny \u0159as (v\u010detn\u011b sinic) byly vesm\u011bs zastoupeny pouze minoritn\u011b a\u00a0a\u017e na v\u00fdjimky se jejich z\u00e1stupci nepod\u00edleli na slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev v\u00fdznamn\u011b ani kvantitativn\u011b. T\u011bmito v\u00fdjimkami byl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt (oproti ostatn\u00edm profil\u016fm) n\u011bkter\u00fdch vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch \u0159as (zejm\u00e9na Audouinella<\/em> sp. a\u00a0Cladophora glomerata<\/em>) na profilech BF 4, BF 5 a\u00a0v\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e tak\u00e9 na profilech BF 8 a\u00a0BF 9.<\/p>\nI\u00a0p\u0159es pom\u011brn\u011b vysokou celkovou druhovou diverzitu zaznamenanou na jednotliv\u00fdch profilech (podrobn\u011bji viz n\u00ed\u017ee) nebyly ve vzorc\u00edch nalezeny t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 druhy, za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1lez vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho bi\u010d\u00edkovce Tetraselmis cordiformis<\/em> na profilech BF 5, BF 7 a\u00a0BF 8 \u010di n\u00e1lez pozoruhodn\u00e9, v\u00a0\u010cR roztrou\u0161en\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed haptofytn\u00ed \u0159asy Hymenomonas roseola<\/em> na profilech BF 3 a\u00a0BF 8.<\/p>\nKvantitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu<\/h4>\n
Celkov\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita byla na v\u0161ech hodnocen\u00fdch profilech velmi podobn\u00e1, pohybovala se mezi 124 (profil BF 7) a\u00a0150 druhy (profil BF 2). Jedinou v\u00fdjimkou byl profil BF 1 s\u00a0celkem 70 druhy, u\u00a0n\u011bj byla ov\u0161em tato hodnota v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bna vyschnut\u00edm od l\u00e9ta 2018 do jara 2019, hodnoceny byly tud\u00ed\u017e vzorky pouze ze t\u0159\u00ed odb\u011br\u016f. Nav\u00edc bylo i\u00a0na n\u00edzk\u00e9 diverzit\u011b zejm\u00e9na letn\u00edho vzorku z\u00a0roku 2019 a\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 abundanci v\u011bt\u0161iny \u0159as patrn\u00e9, \u017ee se spole\u010denstva fytobentosu teprve vzpamatov\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00a0dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00edho vyschnut\u00ed. Zhruba srovnateln\u00e1 byla u\u00a0v\u0161ech profil\u016f i\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita na vzorek, kter\u00e1 se pohybovala (s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou profilu BF 1 se 37 druhy) od 41 druh\u016f (profil BF 5) do 59 druh\u016f (profil BF 2). Jak u\u017e bylo ov\u0161em zm\u00edn\u011bno v\u00fd\u0161e, druhov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev fytobentosu bylo zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0letn\u00edm a\u00a0podzimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bno splaven\u00edm planktonn\u00edch z\u00e1stupc\u016f z\u00a0p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch stojat\u00fdch vod, zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly tedy nemaj\u00ed jednozna\u010dnou vypov\u00eddac\u00ed schopnost. M\u00edra odli\u0161nosti mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi lokalitami byla tedy do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry d\u00e1na odli\u0161nost\u00ed druhov\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed letn\u00edch vzork\u016f, tj. v\u00a0podstat\u011b m\u00edrou ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch profil\u016f p\u0159ilehl\u00fdmi stojat\u00fdmi vodami, z\u00a0nich\u017e byly na dan\u00e1 odb\u011brov\u00e1 m\u00edsta splaveny planktonn\u00ed \u0159asy a\u00a0sinice (kter\u00e9 byly ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed slo\u017ekou zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti), sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi rozd\u00edly v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch spole\u010denstvech jejich fytobentosu.<\/p>\n
Makrozoobentos<\/h3>\n
V\u00fdsledky stanoven\u00ed makrozoobentosu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch sledovan\u00fdch profilech za obdob\u00ed let 2018\u20132019 jsou uvedeny v\u00a0tabulce 2<\/em>. V\u00fdsledky jsou pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi hodnotami ukazatel\u016f ze dvou (profil BF 1\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu 2018 a\u00a0v\u00a0dubnu 2019 byl bez vody), t\u0159\u00ed (profil BF 2\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0dubnu 2019 byl bez vody; profil BF 7\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu 2019 siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn vysok\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem a\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00edm sedimentu vzhledem k\u00a0vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k a\u00a0odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sedimentu v\u00a0roce 2019) a\u00a0\u010dty\u0159 odb\u011br\u016f (ostatn\u00ed profily).<\/p>\nTabulka 2. Charakteristiky spole\u010denstev makrozoobentosu ve sledovan\u00fdch profilech (n: po\u010det jedinc\u016f ve vzorku, Si: saprobn\u00ed index, H: index diversity Shannon-Weaver)
\nTable 2. Characteristics of macroinvertebrate communities in the studied profiles (n: number of individuals per sample, Si: saprobic index, H: Shannon-Weaver diversity index)<\/h5>\n<\/a>\nKvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed makrozoobentosu<\/h4>\n
Kvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed makrozoobentosu bylo ve v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch profilech obdobn\u00e9, li\u0161ilo se sp\u00ed\u0161e pom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch taxon\u016f. V\u017edy byly (v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e) zastoupeni m\u00e1lo\u0161t\u011btinatci (Oligochaeta\u00a0\u2013 Tubificidae), pijavky (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Erpobdella octoculata<\/em>), kor\u00fd\u0161i Asellus aquaticus<\/em>,\u00a0m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161i (v\u011bt\u0161inou Pisidium <\/em>sp. a\u00a0Bythinia <\/em>sp.), larvy Chironomidae, larvy chrost\u00edk\u016f (hlavn\u011b Hydropsyche angustipennis<\/em>), ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b profil\u016f i\u00a0larvy jepic (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Baetis fuscatus<\/em>) a\u00a0\u010dast\u00e9 byly i\u00a0larvy muchni\u010dek (Simulium <\/em>sp.).<\/p>\nV\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch profilech se vyskytovali (i\u00a0ve zna\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed) \u017eahavci (nezmar\u00a0\u2013 Hydra <\/em>sp.\u00a0\u2013 profily BF 2, BF 3, BF 4, BF 5); v\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed larvy pakom\u00e1rcovit\u00fdch (Ceratopogonidae\u00a0\u2013 profily BF 1, BF 3, BF 4, BF 5, BF 7), kor\u00fd\u0161 Gammarus fossarum<\/em> (profily BF 3, BF 4, BF 5, BF 7). Larvy i\u00a0dosp\u011blci brouk\u016f (Coleoptera\u00a0\u2013 Elmis <\/em>sp.<\/em>) se vyskytovali pouze v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch tok\u016f (profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9). V\u00a0profilech BF 3, BF 4, BF 9 byly ojedin\u011ble nalezeny larvy v\u00e1\u017eek (Odonata\u00a0\u2013 Calopteryx <\/em>sp., Coenagrion <\/em>sp.), v\u00a0profilech BF 4 a\u00a0BF 8 drav\u00e9 larvy chrost\u00edk\u016f (Rhyacophila <\/em>sp.) a\u00a0v\u00a0profilu BF 8 pl\u017e Ancylus fluviatilis<\/em>.<\/p>\nAbundance organism\u016f\u00a0\u2013 po\u010det organism\u016f na standardn\u00ed vzorek<\/h4>\n
Podle o\u017eiven\u00ed lze profily za\u0159adit do n\u011bkolika skupin. V\u00fdrazn\u011b nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed o\u017eiven\u00ed vykazoval profil BF 1 (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do R1\u2013R3)\u00a0\u2013 vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd, s\u00a0velmi kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edm pr\u016ftokem, ob\u010das bez vody (organismy pouze v\u00a0mezer\u00e1ch mezi dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm). Jako n\u00edzkou lze charakterizovat i\u00a0abundanci makrozoobentosu v\u00a0profilu BF 7\u00a0\u2013 vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 koryto, siln\u011b ovliv\u0148ovan\u00e9 kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edm odtokem ze \u0160eber\u00e1ku a\u00a0zan\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 jemn\u00fdmi rybni\u010dn\u00edmi sedimenty. Dal\u0161\u00ed skupinu tvo\u0159\u00ed profily BF 2, BF 3, tak\u00e9 s\u00a0vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdm korytem, ale s\u00a0trval\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem, na dn\u011b je p\u0159\u00edtomen sediment a\u00a0kameny r\u016fzn\u00e9 velikosti. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 abundance (ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi sledovan\u00fdmi profily) byla v\u00a0profilu BF 5\u00a0\u2013 nap\u0159\u00edmen\u00e9 koryto, nevydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9, na dn\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jemn\u00fd sediment (v\u011bt\u0161inou splachy z\u00a0okoln\u00edch pol\u00ed). Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci makrozoobentosu vykazuj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9 (tabulka\u00a02<\/em>).<\/p>\nSaprobn\u00ed index<\/h4>\n
Hodnoty saprobn\u00edho indexu odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed hydrologick\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m a\u00a0kvalit\u011b vody potok\u016f. Na \u00farovni alfa-mesosaprobity jsou profily BF 1, BF 3 a\u00a0BF 7 (profil BF\u00a07\u00a0\u2013 Si 2,71, nejhor\u0161\u00ed ze sledovan\u00fdch\u00a0\u2013 je ovlivn\u011bn podm\u00ednkami odtoku z\u00a0rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k). Do stupn\u011b beta-mesosaprobita lze za\u0159adit ostatn\u00ed profily\u00a0\u2013 nejlep\u0161\u00ed je op\u011bt u\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch tok\u016f v\u00a0profilech BF 4, BF 8, BF 9 (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\nIndex diverzity<\/h4>\n
Ve sledovan\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch je nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed index diverzity (tj. relativn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed diverzita spole\u010denstva makrozoobentosu) v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch profilech BF 4 (Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n), BF 8, BF 9 (Boti\u010d) a\u00a0pon\u011bkud p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b v\u00a0profilu BF 1 (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do R1\u2013R3). Na profilu BF 1 je to d\u00e1no pom\u011brn\u011b rovnom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm taxon\u016f p\u0159i velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9m celkov\u00e9m po\u010dtu jedinc\u016f ve standardn\u00edm vzorku (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\nZ\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n
Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality vody pra\u017esk\u00fdch potok\u016f v\u00a0letech 2018\u20132019, v\u00a0jejich\u017e povod\u00ed jsou p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koupali\u0161t\u011b, zahrnovalo i\u00a0sledov\u00e1n\u00ed hydrobiologick\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f: fytobentos a\u00a0makrozoobentos. Vzorky byly na jednotliv\u00fdch potoc\u00edch odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny v\u00a0profilech p\u0159\u00edtok a\u00a0odtok t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch koupali\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n
Z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee spole\u010denstvo makrozoobentosu vykazuje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci a\u00a0druhovou diverzitu v\u00a0potoc\u00edch s\u00a0nejp\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi morfologick\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami (p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koryta potok\u016f Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00e9ho potoka pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n a\u00a0Boti\u010de nad i\u00a0pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed Hostiva\u0159, tj. profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9). I\u00a0tato spole\u010denstva v\u0161ak p\u0159i kombinaci vliv\u016f prost\u0159ed\u00ed (morfologie toku, kvalita vody, substr\u00e1t dna apod.) sv\u00fdm stupn\u011bm saprobity odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed hor\u0161\u00ed beta-mesosaprobit\u011b. Naopak ve spole\u010denstvech fytobentosu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edl (a\u017e na hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch forem v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch korytech) mezi p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi a\u00a0um\u011bl\u00fdmi profily zji\u0161t\u011bn nebyl. Pro vesm\u011bs p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00e9 \u0159asy (zejm\u00e9na rozsivky), kter\u00e9 v\u00a0uveden\u00fdch profilech dominuj\u00ed, se tedy zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem sp\u00ed\u0161e chemismus vody ne\u017e nap\u0159. mikrotopografie dna.<\/p>\n
Vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody z\u00a0hypolimnia n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n koncem l\u00e9ta v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje \u00fasek Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00e9ho potoka pod v\u00fdpust\u00ed (obr. 9<\/em>). Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu byl odb\u011br vzorku fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu posunut n\u011bkolik set metr\u016f po proudu (viz v\u00fd\u0161e).<\/p>\nJe z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed vliv na spole\u010denstva fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu ve sledovan\u00fdch toc\u00edch m\u00e1 (vedle vlastn\u00ed morfologie toku) i\u00a0trval\u00fd a\u00a0vysok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun \u017eivin (zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b P). P\u0159i p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 budouc\u00ed revitalizaci regulovan\u00fdch a\u00a0vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch potok\u016f bude nutno zahrnout i\u00a0\u00fapravu jejich morfologie a\u00a0substr\u00e1tu dna a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u011bnovat zna\u010dnou pozornost kvalit\u011b p\u0159it\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed vody.<\/p>\n
Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n
P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vznikl za podpory projektu CZ.07.1.02\/0.0\/0.0\/16_040\/0000382: Rekrea\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l vody v\u00a0Praze\u00a0\u2013 stav a\u00a0v\u00fdhledy; \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho v\u00a0r\u00e1mci opera\u010dn\u00edho programu Praha\u00a0\u2013 p\u00f3l r\u016fstu II.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The water quality monitoring of selected streams in Prague (which harbour in their catchment area natural bathing places) during 2018\u20132019 included also the monitoring of two hydrobiological indicators; the phytobenthos and macroinvertebrates communities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":8161,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[1927,1925,1926,1563],"coauthors":[22,1532,1531],"class_list":["post-8268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydrochemistry-radioecology-microbiology","tag-macroinvertebrates","tag-natural-public-bathing-places","tag-phytobenthos","tag-prague-streams"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8268"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30588,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268\/revisions\/30588"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8268"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=8268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nFig. 14. BF 9 profile; Boti\u010d stream, outflow from the Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir<\/h6>\n
Metodika odb\u011br\u016f a\u00a0anal\u00fdz vzork\u016f<\/h2>\nFytobentos<\/h3>\n
Koncentrace fosforu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch profilech<\/h3>\n
Tabulka 1. Koncentrace fosforu v\u00a0profilech
\nTable 1. Phosphorus concentrations in profiles<\/h5>\n<\/a>\nFytobentos<\/h3>\nKvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu<\/h4>\n
Kvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu bylo ve v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch profilech podobn\u00e9, se z\u0159etelnou dominanc\u00ed dvou hlavn\u00edch skupin, rozsivek (Bacillariophyceae) a zelen\u00fdch \u0159as z t\u0159\u00eddy Chlorophyceae. Ve druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se ov\u0161em na rozd\u00edl od rozsivek nejedn\u00e1 o typick\u00e9 bentick\u00e9 \u0159asy, n\u00fdbr\u017e o \u0159asy planktonn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly do sledovan\u00fdch profil\u016f zaneseny z p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch stojat\u00fdch vod (rybn\u00edk\u016f \u010di vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed). S ohledem na to, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o typickou letn\u00ed slo\u017eku fytoplanktonu, hojn\u011bji a ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci se vyskytovaly a\u017e v r\u00e1mci letn\u00edch a podzimn\u00edch odb\u011br\u016f.<\/p>\n
Z\u00a0rozsivek dominovaly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm velmi hojn\u00e9 druhy charakteristick\u00e9 pro vody s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010di st\u0159edn\u00ed trofi\u00ed, \u010dasto tolerantn\u00ed ke zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u010di druhy se \u0161irokou ekologickou amplitudou, jmenovit\u011b zejm\u00e9na Diatoma vulgaris<\/em>, Navicula lanceolata<\/em>, Navicula tripunctata<\/em>, Synedra ulna<\/em>, Navicula gregaria<\/em>, Melosira varians<\/em>, Nitzschia acicularis<\/em> atd. Ze zelen\u00fdch \u0159as zejm\u00e9na b\u011b\u017en\u00ed z\u00e1stupci eutrofn\u00edch vod z\u00a0rod\u016f Desmodesmus<\/em>, Pediastrum<\/em> s.l., Coelastrum<\/em>, Actinastrum<\/em>, Monoraphidium<\/em> atd. Ostatn\u00ed skupiny \u0159as (v\u010detn\u011b sinic) byly vesm\u011bs zastoupeny pouze minoritn\u011b a\u00a0a\u017e na v\u00fdjimky se jejich z\u00e1stupci nepod\u00edleli na slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev v\u00fdznamn\u011b ani kvantitativn\u011b. T\u011bmito v\u00fdjimkami byl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt (oproti ostatn\u00edm profil\u016fm) n\u011bkter\u00fdch vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch \u0159as (zejm\u00e9na Audouinella<\/em> sp. a\u00a0Cladophora glomerata<\/em>) na profilech BF 4, BF 5 a\u00a0v\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e tak\u00e9 na profilech BF 8 a\u00a0BF 9.<\/p>\nI\u00a0p\u0159es pom\u011brn\u011b vysokou celkovou druhovou diverzitu zaznamenanou na jednotliv\u00fdch profilech (podrobn\u011bji viz n\u00ed\u017ee) nebyly ve vzorc\u00edch nalezeny t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 druhy, za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1lez vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho bi\u010d\u00edkovce Tetraselmis cordiformis<\/em> na profilech BF 5, BF 7 a\u00a0BF 8 \u010di n\u00e1lez pozoruhodn\u00e9, v\u00a0\u010cR roztrou\u0161en\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed haptofytn\u00ed \u0159asy Hymenomonas roseola<\/em> na profilech BF 3 a\u00a0BF 8.<\/p>\nKvantitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu<\/h4>\n
Celkov\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita byla na v\u0161ech hodnocen\u00fdch profilech velmi podobn\u00e1, pohybovala se mezi 124 (profil BF 7) a\u00a0150 druhy (profil BF 2). Jedinou v\u00fdjimkou byl profil BF 1 s\u00a0celkem 70 druhy, u\u00a0n\u011bj byla ov\u0161em tato hodnota v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bna vyschnut\u00edm od l\u00e9ta 2018 do jara 2019, hodnoceny byly tud\u00ed\u017e vzorky pouze ze t\u0159\u00ed odb\u011br\u016f. Nav\u00edc bylo i\u00a0na n\u00edzk\u00e9 diverzit\u011b zejm\u00e9na letn\u00edho vzorku z\u00a0roku 2019 a\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 abundanci v\u011bt\u0161iny \u0159as patrn\u00e9, \u017ee se spole\u010denstva fytobentosu teprve vzpamatov\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00a0dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00edho vyschnut\u00ed. Zhruba srovnateln\u00e1 byla u\u00a0v\u0161ech profil\u016f i\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita na vzorek, kter\u00e1 se pohybovala (s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou profilu BF 1 se 37 druhy) od 41 druh\u016f (profil BF 5) do 59 druh\u016f (profil BF 2). Jak u\u017e bylo ov\u0161em zm\u00edn\u011bno v\u00fd\u0161e, druhov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev fytobentosu bylo zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0letn\u00edm a\u00a0podzimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bno splaven\u00edm planktonn\u00edch z\u00e1stupc\u016f z\u00a0p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch stojat\u00fdch vod, zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly tedy nemaj\u00ed jednozna\u010dnou vypov\u00eddac\u00ed schopnost. M\u00edra odli\u0161nosti mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi lokalitami byla tedy do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry d\u00e1na odli\u0161nost\u00ed druhov\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed letn\u00edch vzork\u016f, tj. v\u00a0podstat\u011b m\u00edrou ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch profil\u016f p\u0159ilehl\u00fdmi stojat\u00fdmi vodami, z\u00a0nich\u017e byly na dan\u00e1 odb\u011brov\u00e1 m\u00edsta splaveny planktonn\u00ed \u0159asy a\u00a0sinice (kter\u00e9 byly ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed slo\u017ekou zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti), sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi rozd\u00edly v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch spole\u010denstvech jejich fytobentosu.<\/p>\n
Makrozoobentos<\/h3>\n
V\u00fdsledky stanoven\u00ed makrozoobentosu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch sledovan\u00fdch profilech za obdob\u00ed let 2018\u20132019 jsou uvedeny v\u00a0tabulce 2<\/em>. V\u00fdsledky jsou pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi hodnotami ukazatel\u016f ze dvou (profil BF 1\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu 2018 a\u00a0v\u00a0dubnu 2019 byl bez vody), t\u0159\u00ed (profil BF 2\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0dubnu 2019 byl bez vody; profil BF 7\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu 2019 siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn vysok\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem a\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00edm sedimentu vzhledem k\u00a0vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k a\u00a0odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sedimentu v\u00a0roce 2019) a\u00a0\u010dty\u0159 odb\u011br\u016f (ostatn\u00ed profily).<\/p>\nTabulka 2. Charakteristiky spole\u010denstev makrozoobentosu ve sledovan\u00fdch profilech (n: po\u010det jedinc\u016f ve vzorku, Si: saprobn\u00ed index, H: index diversity Shannon-Weaver)
\nTable 2. Characteristics of macroinvertebrate communities in the studied profiles (n: number of individuals per sample, Si: saprobic index, H: Shannon-Weaver diversity index)<\/h5>\n<\/a>\nKvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed makrozoobentosu<\/h4>\n
Kvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed makrozoobentosu bylo ve v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch profilech obdobn\u00e9, li\u0161ilo se sp\u00ed\u0161e pom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch taxon\u016f. V\u017edy byly (v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e) zastoupeni m\u00e1lo\u0161t\u011btinatci (Oligochaeta\u00a0\u2013 Tubificidae), pijavky (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Erpobdella octoculata<\/em>), kor\u00fd\u0161i Asellus aquaticus<\/em>,\u00a0m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161i (v\u011bt\u0161inou Pisidium <\/em>sp. a\u00a0Bythinia <\/em>sp.), larvy Chironomidae, larvy chrost\u00edk\u016f (hlavn\u011b Hydropsyche angustipennis<\/em>), ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b profil\u016f i\u00a0larvy jepic (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Baetis fuscatus<\/em>) a\u00a0\u010dast\u00e9 byly i\u00a0larvy muchni\u010dek (Simulium <\/em>sp.).<\/p>\nV\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch profilech se vyskytovali (i\u00a0ve zna\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed) \u017eahavci (nezmar\u00a0\u2013 Hydra <\/em>sp.\u00a0\u2013 profily BF 2, BF 3, BF 4, BF 5); v\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed larvy pakom\u00e1rcovit\u00fdch (Ceratopogonidae\u00a0\u2013 profily BF 1, BF 3, BF 4, BF 5, BF 7), kor\u00fd\u0161 Gammarus fossarum<\/em> (profily BF 3, BF 4, BF 5, BF 7). Larvy i\u00a0dosp\u011blci brouk\u016f (Coleoptera\u00a0\u2013 Elmis <\/em>sp.<\/em>) se vyskytovali pouze v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch tok\u016f (profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9). V\u00a0profilech BF 3, BF 4, BF 9 byly ojedin\u011ble nalezeny larvy v\u00e1\u017eek (Odonata\u00a0\u2013 Calopteryx <\/em>sp., Coenagrion <\/em>sp.), v\u00a0profilech BF 4 a\u00a0BF 8 drav\u00e9 larvy chrost\u00edk\u016f (Rhyacophila <\/em>sp.) a\u00a0v\u00a0profilu BF 8 pl\u017e Ancylus fluviatilis<\/em>.<\/p>\nAbundance organism\u016f\u00a0\u2013 po\u010det organism\u016f na standardn\u00ed vzorek<\/h4>\n
Podle o\u017eiven\u00ed lze profily za\u0159adit do n\u011bkolika skupin. V\u00fdrazn\u011b nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed o\u017eiven\u00ed vykazoval profil BF 1 (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do R1\u2013R3)\u00a0\u2013 vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd, s\u00a0velmi kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edm pr\u016ftokem, ob\u010das bez vody (organismy pouze v\u00a0mezer\u00e1ch mezi dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm). Jako n\u00edzkou lze charakterizovat i\u00a0abundanci makrozoobentosu v\u00a0profilu BF 7\u00a0\u2013 vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 koryto, siln\u011b ovliv\u0148ovan\u00e9 kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edm odtokem ze \u0160eber\u00e1ku a\u00a0zan\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 jemn\u00fdmi rybni\u010dn\u00edmi sedimenty. Dal\u0161\u00ed skupinu tvo\u0159\u00ed profily BF 2, BF 3, tak\u00e9 s\u00a0vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdm korytem, ale s\u00a0trval\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem, na dn\u011b je p\u0159\u00edtomen sediment a\u00a0kameny r\u016fzn\u00e9 velikosti. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 abundance (ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi sledovan\u00fdmi profily) byla v\u00a0profilu BF 5\u00a0\u2013 nap\u0159\u00edmen\u00e9 koryto, nevydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9, na dn\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jemn\u00fd sediment (v\u011bt\u0161inou splachy z\u00a0okoln\u00edch pol\u00ed). Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci makrozoobentosu vykazuj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9 (tabulka\u00a02<\/em>).<\/p>\nSaprobn\u00ed index<\/h4>\n
Hodnoty saprobn\u00edho indexu odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed hydrologick\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m a\u00a0kvalit\u011b vody potok\u016f. Na \u00farovni alfa-mesosaprobity jsou profily BF 1, BF 3 a\u00a0BF 7 (profil BF\u00a07\u00a0\u2013 Si 2,71, nejhor\u0161\u00ed ze sledovan\u00fdch\u00a0\u2013 je ovlivn\u011bn podm\u00ednkami odtoku z\u00a0rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k). Do stupn\u011b beta-mesosaprobita lze za\u0159adit ostatn\u00ed profily\u00a0\u2013 nejlep\u0161\u00ed je op\u011bt u\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch tok\u016f v\u00a0profilech BF 4, BF 8, BF 9 (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\nIndex diverzity<\/h4>\n
Ve sledovan\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch je nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed index diverzity (tj. relativn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed diverzita spole\u010denstva makrozoobentosu) v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch profilech BF 4 (Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n), BF 8, BF 9 (Boti\u010d) a\u00a0pon\u011bkud p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b v\u00a0profilu BF 1 (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do R1\u2013R3). Na profilu BF 1 je to d\u00e1no pom\u011brn\u011b rovnom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm taxon\u016f p\u0159i velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9m celkov\u00e9m po\u010dtu jedinc\u016f ve standardn\u00edm vzorku (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\nZ\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n
Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality vody pra\u017esk\u00fdch potok\u016f v\u00a0letech 2018\u20132019, v\u00a0jejich\u017e povod\u00ed jsou p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koupali\u0161t\u011b, zahrnovalo i\u00a0sledov\u00e1n\u00ed hydrobiologick\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f: fytobentos a\u00a0makrozoobentos. Vzorky byly na jednotliv\u00fdch potoc\u00edch odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny v\u00a0profilech p\u0159\u00edtok a\u00a0odtok t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch koupali\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n
Z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee spole\u010denstvo makrozoobentosu vykazuje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci a\u00a0druhovou diverzitu v\u00a0potoc\u00edch s\u00a0nejp\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi morfologick\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami (p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koryta potok\u016f Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00e9ho potoka pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n a\u00a0Boti\u010de nad i\u00a0pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed Hostiva\u0159, tj. profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9). I\u00a0tato spole\u010denstva v\u0161ak p\u0159i kombinaci vliv\u016f prost\u0159ed\u00ed (morfologie toku, kvalita vody, substr\u00e1t dna apod.) sv\u00fdm stupn\u011bm saprobity odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed hor\u0161\u00ed beta-mesosaprobit\u011b. Naopak ve spole\u010denstvech fytobentosu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edl (a\u017e na hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch forem v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch korytech) mezi p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi a\u00a0um\u011bl\u00fdmi profily zji\u0161t\u011bn nebyl. Pro vesm\u011bs p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00e9 \u0159asy (zejm\u00e9na rozsivky), kter\u00e9 v\u00a0uveden\u00fdch profilech dominuj\u00ed, se tedy zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem sp\u00ed\u0161e chemismus vody ne\u017e nap\u0159. mikrotopografie dna.<\/p>\n
Vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody z\u00a0hypolimnia n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n koncem l\u00e9ta v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje \u00fasek Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00e9ho potoka pod v\u00fdpust\u00ed (obr. 9<\/em>). Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu byl odb\u011br vzorku fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu posunut n\u011bkolik set metr\u016f po proudu (viz v\u00fd\u0161e).<\/p>\nJe z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed vliv na spole\u010denstva fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu ve sledovan\u00fdch toc\u00edch m\u00e1 (vedle vlastn\u00ed morfologie toku) i\u00a0trval\u00fd a\u00a0vysok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun \u017eivin (zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b P). P\u0159i p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 budouc\u00ed revitalizaci regulovan\u00fdch a\u00a0vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch potok\u016f bude nutno zahrnout i\u00a0\u00fapravu jejich morfologie a\u00a0substr\u00e1tu dna a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u011bnovat zna\u010dnou pozornost kvalit\u011b p\u0159it\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed vody.<\/p>\n
Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n
P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vznikl za podpory projektu CZ.07.1.02\/0.0\/0.0\/16_040\/0000382: Rekrea\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l vody v\u00a0Praze\u00a0\u2013 stav a\u00a0v\u00fdhledy; \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho v\u00a0r\u00e1mci opera\u010dn\u00edho programu Praha\u00a0\u2013 p\u00f3l r\u016fstu II.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The water quality monitoring of selected streams in Prague (which harbour in their catchment area natural bathing places) during 2018\u20132019 included also the monitoring of two hydrobiological indicators; the phytobenthos and macroinvertebrates communities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":8161,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[1927,1925,1926,1563],"coauthors":[22,1532,1531],"class_list":["post-8268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydrochemistry-radioecology-microbiology","tag-macroinvertebrates","tag-natural-public-bathing-places","tag-phytobenthos","tag-prague-streams"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8268"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30588,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268\/revisions\/30588"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8268"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=8268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Kvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu<\/h4>\n
I\u00a0p\u0159es pom\u011brn\u011b vysokou celkovou druhovou diverzitu zaznamenanou na jednotliv\u00fdch profilech (podrobn\u011bji viz n\u00ed\u017ee) nebyly ve vzorc\u00edch nalezeny t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 druhy, za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1lez vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho bi\u010d\u00edkovce Tetraselmis cordiformis<\/em> na profilech BF 5, BF 7 a\u00a0BF 8 \u010di n\u00e1lez pozoruhodn\u00e9, v\u00a0\u010cR roztrou\u0161en\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed haptofytn\u00ed \u0159asy Hymenomonas roseola<\/em> na profilech BF 3 a\u00a0BF 8.<\/p>\n Celkov\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita byla na v\u0161ech hodnocen\u00fdch profilech velmi podobn\u00e1, pohybovala se mezi 124 (profil BF 7) a\u00a0150 druhy (profil BF 2). Jedinou v\u00fdjimkou byl profil BF 1 s\u00a0celkem 70 druhy, u\u00a0n\u011bj byla ov\u0161em tato hodnota v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bna vyschnut\u00edm od l\u00e9ta 2018 do jara 2019, hodnoceny byly tud\u00ed\u017e vzorky pouze ze t\u0159\u00ed odb\u011br\u016f. Nav\u00edc bylo i\u00a0na n\u00edzk\u00e9 diverzit\u011b zejm\u00e9na letn\u00edho vzorku z\u00a0roku 2019 a\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 abundanci v\u011bt\u0161iny \u0159as patrn\u00e9, \u017ee se spole\u010denstva fytobentosu teprve vzpamatov\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00a0dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00edho vyschnut\u00ed. Zhruba srovnateln\u00e1 byla u\u00a0v\u0161ech profil\u016f i\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 druhov\u00e1 diverzita na vzorek, kter\u00e1 se pohybovala (s\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou profilu BF 1 se 37 druhy) od 41 druh\u016f (profil BF 5) do 59 druh\u016f (profil BF 2). Jak u\u017e bylo ov\u0161em zm\u00edn\u011bno v\u00fd\u0161e, druhov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev fytobentosu bylo zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0letn\u00edm a\u00a0podzimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bno splaven\u00edm planktonn\u00edch z\u00e1stupc\u016f z\u00a0p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch stojat\u00fdch vod, zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly tedy nemaj\u00ed jednozna\u010dnou vypov\u00eddac\u00ed schopnost. M\u00edra odli\u0161nosti mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi lokalitami byla tedy do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry d\u00e1na odli\u0161nost\u00ed druhov\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed letn\u00edch vzork\u016f, tj. v\u00a0podstat\u011b m\u00edrou ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch profil\u016f p\u0159ilehl\u00fdmi stojat\u00fdmi vodami, z\u00a0nich\u017e byly na dan\u00e1 odb\u011brov\u00e1 m\u00edsta splaveny planktonn\u00ed \u0159asy a\u00a0sinice (kter\u00e9 byly ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed slo\u017ekou zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti), sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi rozd\u00edly v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch spole\u010denstvech jejich fytobentosu.<\/p>\n V\u00fdsledky stanoven\u00ed makrozoobentosu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch sledovan\u00fdch profilech za obdob\u00ed let 2018\u20132019 jsou uvedeny v\u00a0tabulce 2<\/em>. V\u00fdsledky jsou pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi hodnotami ukazatel\u016f ze dvou (profil BF 1\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu 2018 a\u00a0v\u00a0dubnu 2019 byl bez vody), t\u0159\u00ed (profil BF 2\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0dubnu 2019 byl bez vody; profil BF 7\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0listopadu 2019 siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn vysok\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem a\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00edm sedimentu vzhledem k\u00a0vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k a\u00a0odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sedimentu v\u00a0roce 2019) a\u00a0\u010dty\u0159 odb\u011br\u016f (ostatn\u00ed profily).<\/p>\n Kvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed makrozoobentosu bylo ve v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch profilech obdobn\u00e9, li\u0161ilo se sp\u00ed\u0161e pom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch taxon\u016f. V\u017edy byly (v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e) zastoupeni m\u00e1lo\u0161t\u011btinatci (Oligochaeta\u00a0\u2013 Tubificidae), pijavky (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Erpobdella octoculata<\/em>), kor\u00fd\u0161i Asellus aquaticus<\/em>,\u00a0m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161i (v\u011bt\u0161inou Pisidium <\/em>sp. a\u00a0Bythinia <\/em>sp.), larvy Chironomidae, larvy chrost\u00edk\u016f (hlavn\u011b Hydropsyche angustipennis<\/em>), ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b profil\u016f i\u00a0larvy jepic (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Baetis fuscatus<\/em>) a\u00a0\u010dast\u00e9 byly i\u00a0larvy muchni\u010dek (Simulium <\/em>sp.).<\/p>\n V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch profilech se vyskytovali (i\u00a0ve zna\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed) \u017eahavci (nezmar\u00a0\u2013 Hydra <\/em>sp.\u00a0\u2013 profily BF 2, BF 3, BF 4, BF 5); v\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed larvy pakom\u00e1rcovit\u00fdch (Ceratopogonidae\u00a0\u2013 profily BF 1, BF 3, BF 4, BF 5, BF 7), kor\u00fd\u0161 Gammarus fossarum<\/em> (profily BF 3, BF 4, BF 5, BF 7). Larvy i\u00a0dosp\u011blci brouk\u016f (Coleoptera\u00a0\u2013 Elmis <\/em>sp.<\/em>) se vyskytovali pouze v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch tok\u016f (profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9). V\u00a0profilech BF 3, BF 4, BF 9 byly ojedin\u011ble nalezeny larvy v\u00e1\u017eek (Odonata\u00a0\u2013 Calopteryx <\/em>sp., Coenagrion <\/em>sp.), v\u00a0profilech BF 4 a\u00a0BF 8 drav\u00e9 larvy chrost\u00edk\u016f (Rhyacophila <\/em>sp.) a\u00a0v\u00a0profilu BF 8 pl\u017e Ancylus fluviatilis<\/em>.<\/p>\n Podle o\u017eiven\u00ed lze profily za\u0159adit do n\u011bkolika skupin. V\u00fdrazn\u011b nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed o\u017eiven\u00ed vykazoval profil BF 1 (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do R1\u2013R3)\u00a0\u2013 vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd, s\u00a0velmi kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edm pr\u016ftokem, ob\u010das bez vody (organismy pouze v\u00a0mezer\u00e1ch mezi dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm). Jako n\u00edzkou lze charakterizovat i\u00a0abundanci makrozoobentosu v\u00a0profilu BF 7\u00a0\u2013 vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 koryto, siln\u011b ovliv\u0148ovan\u00e9 kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edm odtokem ze \u0160eber\u00e1ku a\u00a0zan\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 jemn\u00fdmi rybni\u010dn\u00edmi sedimenty. Dal\u0161\u00ed skupinu tvo\u0159\u00ed profily BF 2, BF 3, tak\u00e9 s\u00a0vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdm korytem, ale s\u00a0trval\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem, na dn\u011b je p\u0159\u00edtomen sediment a\u00a0kameny r\u016fzn\u00e9 velikosti. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 abundance (ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi sledovan\u00fdmi profily) byla v\u00a0profilu BF 5\u00a0\u2013 nap\u0159\u00edmen\u00e9 koryto, nevydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9, na dn\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jemn\u00fd sediment (v\u011bt\u0161inou splachy z\u00a0okoln\u00edch pol\u00ed). Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci makrozoobentosu vykazuj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9 (tabulka\u00a02<\/em>).<\/p>\n Hodnoty saprobn\u00edho indexu odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed hydrologick\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m a\u00a0kvalit\u011b vody potok\u016f. Na \u00farovni alfa-mesosaprobity jsou profily BF 1, BF 3 a\u00a0BF 7 (profil BF\u00a07\u00a0\u2013 Si 2,71, nejhor\u0161\u00ed ze sledovan\u00fdch\u00a0\u2013 je ovlivn\u011bn podm\u00ednkami odtoku z\u00a0rybn\u00edka \u0160eber\u00e1k). Do stupn\u011b beta-mesosaprobita lze za\u0159adit ostatn\u00ed profily\u00a0\u2013 nejlep\u0161\u00ed je op\u011bt u\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch tok\u016f v\u00a0profilech BF 4, BF 8, BF 9 (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\n Ve sledovan\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch je nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed index diverzity (tj. relativn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed diverzita spole\u010denstva makrozoobentosu) v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch profilech BF 4 (Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00fd potok pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n), BF 8, BF 9 (Boti\u010d) a\u00a0pon\u011bkud p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b v\u00a0profilu BF 1 (Motolsk\u00fd potok, p\u0159\u00edtok do R1\u2013R3). Na profilu BF 1 je to d\u00e1no pom\u011brn\u011b rovnom\u011brn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm taxon\u016f p\u0159i velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9m celkov\u00e9m po\u010dtu jedinc\u016f ve standardn\u00edm vzorku (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\n Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality vody pra\u017esk\u00fdch potok\u016f v\u00a0letech 2018\u20132019, v\u00a0jejich\u017e povod\u00ed jsou p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koupali\u0161t\u011b, zahrnovalo i\u00a0sledov\u00e1n\u00ed hydrobiologick\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f: fytobentos a\u00a0makrozoobentos. Vzorky byly na jednotliv\u00fdch potoc\u00edch odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny v\u00a0profilech p\u0159\u00edtok a\u00a0odtok t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch koupali\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n Z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee spole\u010denstvo makrozoobentosu vykazuje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed abundanci a\u00a0druhovou diverzitu v\u00a0potoc\u00edch s\u00a0nejp\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi morfologick\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami (p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed koryta potok\u016f Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00e9ho potoka pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed D\u017eb\u00e1n a\u00a0Boti\u010de nad i\u00a0pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed Hostiva\u0159, tj. profily BF 4, BF 8, BF 9). I\u00a0tato spole\u010denstva v\u0161ak p\u0159i kombinaci vliv\u016f prost\u0159ed\u00ed (morfologie toku, kvalita vody, substr\u00e1t dna apod.) sv\u00fdm stupn\u011bm saprobity odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed hor\u0161\u00ed beta-mesosaprobit\u011b. Naopak ve spole\u010denstvech fytobentosu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edl (a\u017e na hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch forem v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch korytech) mezi p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi a\u00a0um\u011bl\u00fdmi profily zji\u0161t\u011bn nebyl. Pro vesm\u011bs p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00e9 \u0159asy (zejm\u00e9na rozsivky), kter\u00e9 v\u00a0uveden\u00fdch profilech dominuj\u00ed, se tedy zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem sp\u00ed\u0161e chemismus vody ne\u017e nap\u0159. mikrotopografie dna.<\/p>\n Vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody z\u00a0hypolimnia n\u00e1dr\u017ee D\u017eb\u00e1n koncem l\u00e9ta v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje \u00fasek Litovicko-\u0160\u00e1reck\u00e9ho potoka pod v\u00fdpust\u00ed (obr. 9<\/em>). Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu byl odb\u011br vzorku fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu posunut n\u011bkolik set metr\u016f po proudu (viz v\u00fd\u0161e).<\/p>\n Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed vliv na spole\u010denstva fytobentosu a\u00a0makrozoobentosu ve sledovan\u00fdch toc\u00edch m\u00e1 (vedle vlastn\u00ed morfologie toku) i\u00a0trval\u00fd a\u00a0vysok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun \u017eivin (zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b P). P\u0159i p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 budouc\u00ed revitalizaci regulovan\u00fdch a\u00a0vydl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch potok\u016f bude nutno zahrnout i\u00a0\u00fapravu jejich morfologie a\u00a0substr\u00e1tu dna a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u011bnovat zna\u010dnou pozornost kvalit\u011b p\u0159it\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed vody.<\/p>\n P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vznikl za podpory projektu CZ.07.1.02\/0.0\/0.0\/16_040\/0000382: Rekrea\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l vody v\u00a0Praze\u00a0\u2013 stav a\u00a0v\u00fdhledy; \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho v\u00a0r\u00e1mci opera\u010dn\u00edho programu Praha\u00a0\u2013 p\u00f3l r\u016fstu II.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" The water quality monitoring of selected streams in Prague (which harbour in their catchment area natural bathing places) during 2018\u20132019 included also the monitoring of two hydrobiological indicators; the phytobenthos and macroinvertebrates communities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":8161,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[1927,1925,1926,1563],"coauthors":[22,1532,1531],"class_list":["post-8268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydrochemistry-radioecology-microbiology","tag-macroinvertebrates","tag-natural-public-bathing-places","tag-phytobenthos","tag-prague-streams"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8268"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30588,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8268\/revisions\/30588"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8268"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=8268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Kvantitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed fytobentosu<\/h4>\n
Makrozoobentos<\/h3>\n
Tabulka 2. Charakteristiky spole\u010denstev makrozoobentosu ve sledovan\u00fdch profilech (n: po\u010det jedinc\u016f ve vzorku, Si: saprobn\u00ed index, H: index diversity Shannon-Weaver)
\nTable 2. Characteristics of macroinvertebrate communities in the studied profiles (n: number of individuals per sample, Si: saprobic index, H: Shannon-Weaver diversity index)<\/h5>\n<\/a>\nKvalitativn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed makrozoobentosu<\/h4>\n
Abundance organism\u016f\u00a0\u2013 po\u010det organism\u016f na standardn\u00ed vzorek<\/h4>\n
Saprobn\u00ed index<\/h4>\n
Index diverzity<\/h4>\n
Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n
Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n