{"id":7994,"date":"2020-05-04T14:54:35","date_gmt":"2020-05-04T13:54:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=7994"},"modified":"2024-07-17T09:55:31","modified_gmt":"2024-07-17T08:55:31","slug":"using-modern-analytical-methods-for-risk-management-and-the-creation-of-territorial-strategies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2020\/05\/using-modern-analytical-methods-for-risk-management-and-the-creation-of-territorial-strategies\/","title":{"rendered":"Using modern analytical methods for risk management and the creation of territorial strategies"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

 <\/p>\n

Souhrn<\/h2>\n

V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se do pop\u0159ed\u00ed dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u011b-ekonomick\u00e1 a\u00a0bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed rizika v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dlouhodob\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed stabilitu lok\u00e1ln\u00edch komunit. Pro identifikaci rizik je mo\u017eno vyu\u017e\u00edt sou\u010dasn\u00e9 modern\u00ed technologie sb\u011bru dat m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdskytu neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch drog v\u00a0odpadn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch ve m\u011bstech. Aplikace strategick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e1 na znalostech je podporov\u00e1na Evropskou uni\u00ed, jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0tzv. p\u0159\u00edstup Evidence Based Policy. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup umo\u017e\u0148uje managementu kraj\u016f a\u00a0m\u011bst zac\u00edlit strategick\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny do \u00fazem\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 vyhodnotit i\u00a0jejich efektivitu. Preferov\u00e1n je integrovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed rizik v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0prom\u011bn\u011b \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu obyvatel a\u00a0do pop\u0159ed\u00ed se dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u011b-ekonomick\u00e1 a\u00a0bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed rizika v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed. Pro identifikaci rizik je mo\u017eno vyu\u017e\u00edt sou\u010dasn\u00e9 modern\u00ed technologie sb\u011bru dat a\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdskytu metabolitu n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v\u00a0odpadn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch. Aplikace strategick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e1 na znalostech je podporov\u00e1na Evropskou uni\u00ed, jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0tzv. p\u0159\u00edstup Evidence Based Policy1<\/sup> [1]. Projekt \u201e\u010cist\u00e1 voda\u00a0\u2013 zdrav\u00e9 m\u011bsto: Cizorod\u00e9 l\u00e1tky ve vod\u00e1ch podzemn\u00edch, povrchov\u00fdch a\u00a0odpadn\u00edch jako d\u016fsledek lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti\u201c2<\/sup> umo\u017e\u0148uje managementu hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Prahy a\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed zac\u00edlit pl\u00e1ny zdrav\u00ed v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0agendou MA 213<\/sup>, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 zdrav\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl obyvatel. V\u00fdsledky lze tak\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt v\u00a0r\u00e1mci zac\u00edlen\u00ed protidrogov\u00e9 prevence p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b s\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm jej\u00ed efektivity. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu byla v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm \u00fastavem ACCENDO\u00a0\u2013 Centrum pro v\u011bdu a\u00a0v\u00fdzkum, z. \u00fa., zpracov\u00e1na Socioekonomick\u00e1 studie prostorov\u00e9ho rozlo\u017een\u00ed obyvatelstva a\u00a0identifikace rizikov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed z\u00a0hlediska \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu obyvatel [2], kterou lze aplikovat podle pot\u0159eb ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00ednos \u010dl\u00e1nku spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0identifikaci mo\u017enost\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f modern\u00edch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch metod v\u00a0oblasti, kde je nedostatek empirick\u00fdch dat, a\u00a0jejich implementaci do strategick\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zac\u00edlen\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch intervenc\u00ed. \u010cl\u00e1nek m\u00e1 multidisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed charakter a\u00a0je zac\u00edlen p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na p\u0159edstavitele st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy a\u00a0\u00fazemn\u00ed samospr\u00e1vy, d\u00e1le pak na odbornou ve\u0159ejnost.<\/p>\n

Vyu\u017eit\u00ed Evidence Based Policy ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1v\u011b<\/h2>\n

Tvorba strategi\u00ed k\u00a0posilov\u00e1n\u00ed zdrav\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu, a\u00a0t\u00edm i\u00a0zdrav\u00ed obyvatel by m\u011bla vyu\u017e\u00edvat princip \u201eEvidence Based Policy\u201c, tzn. p\u0159\u00edstup politik zalo\u017een\u00fdch na d\u016fkazech. K\u00a0tomuto principu se p\u0159istoupilo na konci 20. stolet\u00ed, jeliko\u017e \u0159ada nest\u00e1tn\u00edch organizac\u00ed se sna\u017eila ovlivnit decizn\u00ed org\u00e1ny tj. org\u00e1ny s\u00a0rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed pravomoc\u00ed. V\u00a0tomto obdob\u00ed do\u0161lo k\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 a\u00a0politick\u00e9 skepsi, kdy ve\u0159ejnost zpochyb\u0148ovala rozhodnut\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f, pokud nebyla podlo\u017eena odborn\u00fdmi informacemi od relevantn\u00edch expert\u016f. Nutnost realizace politik na z\u00e1klad\u011b exaktn\u00edch d\u016fkaz\u016f byla tak logick\u00fdm vy\u00fast\u011bn\u00edm n\u011bkolika faktor\u016f, mezi kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se vzd\u011blanost a\u00a0informovanost ve\u0159ejnosti, jednoduch\u00e1 dostupnost \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly r\u016fzn\u00fdch dat nebo dostupnost informa\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed [3].<\/p>\n

C\u00edlem Evidence Based Policy je vyu\u017e\u00edt informace, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1me \u010di m\u016f\u017eeme z\u00edskat, a\u00a0p\u0159em\u011bnit je na nezbytnou znalost pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed na\u0161ich budouc\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edstup up\u0159ednost\u0148uje pe\u010dliv\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy a\u00a0evaluace nad ideologi\u00ed, marketingem \u010di setrva\u010dnost\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho stavu. Samotn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup Evidence Based Policy lze rozd\u011blit do \u010dty\u0159 na sebe navazuj\u00edc\u00edch princip\u016f [4]:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. sestaven\u00ed soubor\u016f informac\u00ed o\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm stavu a\u00a0o\u00a0tom, co m\u016f\u017ee v\u00a0budoucnu fungovat v\u010detn\u011b stanoven\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f a\u00a0p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f,<\/li>\n
  2. monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed efektivity proveden\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm dopadov\u00fdch evaluac\u00ed,<\/li>\n
  3. vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f evaluac\u00ed ke\u00a0zm\u011bn\u00e1m v\u00a0rozhodnut\u00ed sm\u011brem k\u00a0nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm variant\u00e1m,<\/li>\n
  4. realizace inovac\u00ed a\u00a0testov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Princip Evidence Based Policy je nezbytn\u00fd pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00edho mo\u017en\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dopad\u016f zac\u00edlen\u00fdch strategi\u00ed na \u017eivot obyvatelstva. Politika zalo\u017een\u00e1 na d\u016fkazech je efektivn\u00edm prost\u0159edkem reakce na d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed i\u00a0budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzvy na v\u0161ech \u00farovn\u00edch ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy a\u00a0jej\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vede ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed efektivity rozhodnut\u00ed a\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch, ekonomick\u00fdch a\u00a0environment\u00e1ln\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n

    Socioekonomick\u00e1 studie\u00a0\u2013 podklad pro rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed<\/h2>\n

    Zpracovan\u00e1 Socioekonomick\u00e1 studie prostorov\u00e9ho rozlo\u017een\u00ed obyvatelstva a\u00a0identifikace rizikov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed z\u00a0hlediska \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu obyvatel [2] je roz\u010dlen\u011bna do tematick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Uveden\u00ed do problematiky: Kapitola je zam\u011b\u0159ena na stru\u010dn\u00fd \u00favod do problematiky a\u00a0d\u011blena na podkapitoly \u017divotn\u00ed podm\u00ednky a\u00a0jejich vliv na zdrav\u00ed obyvatel, kde jsou rozeps\u00e1na rizika, kter\u00fdmi m\u016f\u017ee \u017eivotn\u00ed styl ovlivnit zdrav\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00fdch obyvatel a\u00a0mo\u017enosti ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu obyvatel m\u011bstem (rozbor z\u00e1kon\u016f a\u00a0strategick\u00fdch dokument\u016f Prahy ve vztahu k\u00a0\u017eivotn\u00edmu stylu obyvatel).<\/li>\n
    2. Praha, jej\u00ed v\u00fdvoj a\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0vybran\u00fdmi m\u011bsty \u010cR nad 100 000 obyvatel: Kapitola nasti\u0148uje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159edstavu o\u00a0Praze, obyvatelstvu na \u00fazem\u00ed Prahy, o\u00a0obvykl\u00fdch pohybech obyvatelstva, po\u010dtech trval\u00fdch a\u00a0obvykle bydl\u00edc\u00edch obyvatel a\u00a0v\u00fdvoji dom\u00e1c\u00edch a\u00a0zahrani\u010dn\u00edch turist\u016f.<\/li>\n
    3. V\u00fdvoj Prahy v posledn\u00edch 20 letech: Kapitola popisuje demografick\u00e9 \u00fadaje a dal\u0161\u00ed ukazatele v oblasti zdrav\u00ed Prahy, op\u011bt v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s vybran\u00fdmi m\u011bsty \u010cR nad 100 000 obyvatel (Praha, Brno, Ostrava, Plze\u0148).<\/li>\n
    4. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed prom\u011bny Prahy, m\u011bstsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti, m\u00edsta setk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed: Kapitola je podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159ena na pohyby obyvatel v\u00a0Praze, prom\u011bny jednotliv\u00fdch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, jsou v\u00a0n\u00ed vybr\u00e1na m\u00edsta, kde b\u00fdv\u00e1 pravideln\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 koncentrace obyvatel, jako jsou kulturn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0turistick\u00e9 c\u00edle, d\u00e1le jsou zde zmapov\u00e1na pra\u017esk\u00e1 ubytovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00fdstupu v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu ACCENDO je krom\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 studie i\u00a0interaktivn\u00ed Integrovan\u00e1 mapa rizikov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kde je mo\u017eno zobrazovat zdravotn\u00ed stav obyvatelstva (resp. standardizovan\u00e1 m\u00edra \u00famrtnosti podle jednotliv\u00fdch diagn\u00f3z), nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd v\u00fdskyt n\u00e1vykov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky podle povod\u00ed a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed charakteristiky (v\u00fdstup viz obr. 1<\/em>).<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

      Obr. 1. Integrovan\u00e1 mapa rizikov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed (zdroj: ACCENDO, 2019)
      \nFig. 1. Integrated map of risk areas<\/h6>\n

      Strategick\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed<\/h2>\n

      P\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b a\u00a0implementaci ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch strategi\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cR se vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0Metodiky p\u0159\u00edpravy ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch strategi\u00ed (aktualizace 2019), p\u0159ijat\u00e9 usnesen\u00edm vl\u00e1dy \u010cR \u010d.\u00a071\/2019. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci v\u0161ech pl\u00e1novac\u00edch dokument\u016f tj. strategi\u00ed, koncepc\u00ed i\u00a0pl\u00e1n\u016f je kladen d\u016fraz na analytickou \u010d\u00e1st. V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch pl\u00e1nech byla tato \u010d\u00e1st doned\u00e1vna podce\u0148ov\u00e1na, nap\u0159. ve st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00fdch pl\u00e1nech rozvoje soci\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eeb nebo v\u00a0krajsk\u00fdch strategi\u00edch protidrogov\u00e9 politiky (nap\u0159. Strategie protidrogov\u00e9 politiky Moravskoslezsk\u00e9ho kraje na obdob\u00ed 2015\u20132020 m\u00e1 anal\u00fdzu resp. popis situace na dv\u011b strany).<\/p>\n

      Tato nedostate\u010dnost analytick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed u\u00a0st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f soci\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eeb byla upravena vyhl\u00e1\u0161kou \u010d. 387\/2017 Sb., kter\u00e1 s\u00a0\u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed od 1. ledna 2018 upravuje krom jin\u00e9ho strukturu a\u00a0obsah analytick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. C\u00edlem analytick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti je popsat situaci v\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00edch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch procesech v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed, zmapovat pot\u0159eby u\u017eivatel\u016f, zmapovat situaci poskytovatel\u016f z\u00a0hlediska napln\u011bn\u00ed kapacit slu\u017eeb a\u00a0jejich ekonomick\u00e9 situace, pot\u0159eby obc\u00ed v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed a\u00a0jejich ochotu spolufinancovat soci\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n

      V\u00a0oblasti protidrogov\u00fdch strategi\u00ed na krajsk\u00e9 \u00farovni \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na analytickou \u010d\u00e1st neexistuj\u00ed krom v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 metodiky. Za kraje existuj\u00ed vybran\u00e9 \u00fadaje uveden\u00e9 ve V\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1v\u011b o\u00a0stavu ve v\u011bcech drog v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice N\u00e1rodn\u00edho monitorovac\u00edho st\u0159ediska pro drogy a\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti o\u00a0drogov\u00e9 situaci.<\/p>\n

      V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b popisu drogov\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed existuje datov\u00e1 nedostate\u010dnost. Pro zmapov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to situace lze vyu\u017e\u00edt kvantitativn\u00ed i\u00a0kvalitativn\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed zdroje dat\u00a0\u2013 Statistiky P\u010cR o\u00a0trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s\u00a0u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm a\u00a0distribuc\u00ed drog:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • postoj ml\u00e1de\u017ee k\u00a0u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed drog: dotazn\u00edkov\u00e9 \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed zku\u0161enost\u00ed a\u00a0postoj\u016f s\u00a0u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek,<\/li>\n
      • data o\u00a0u\u017eivatel\u00edch: polostrukturovan\u00e9 rozhovory s\u00a0akt\u00e9ry na protidrogov\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b (NNO ter\u00e9nn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci, m\u011bstsk\u00e1 policie atd.),<\/li>\n
      • injek\u010dn\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed drog: statistika sb\u011bru pou\u017eit\u00fdch injek\u010dn\u00edch st\u0159\u00edka\u010dek,<\/li>\n
      • monitoring metabolit\u016f drog v\u00a0odpadn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Pro efektivn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to situace je nutn\u00fd jednotn\u00fd integrovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup zalo\u017een\u00fd na rozvoji nov\u00fdch analytick\u00fdch metod a\u00a0postupu v\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch drog v\u00a0odpadn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou \u010dinnost\u00ed je m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed socioekonomick\u00fdch proces\u016f v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed pomoc\u00ed kvantitativn\u00edch a\u00a0kvalitativn\u00edch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch metod v\u010detn\u011b interpretace v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Pro zmapov\u00e1n\u00ed je vhodn\u00e9 propojit m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod se sb\u011brem informac\u00ed z\u00a0ter\u00e9nn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce soci\u00e1ln\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f, adiktolog\u016f, zdravotn\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch slo\u017eek (Policie \u010cR, M\u011bstsk\u00e1 policie).<\/p>\n

        Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 mezery v\u00a0mo\u017en\u00e9 aplikaci integrovan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu:<\/h3>\n
          \n
        • nen\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u00fd glob\u00e1ln\u00ed c\u00edl protidrogov\u00e9 politiky,<\/li>\n
        • z\u00a0toho plyne nejasnost, jak\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed maj\u00ed subjekty v\u00a0protidrogov\u00e9 politice uplat\u0148ovat,<\/li>\n
        • jednotliv\u00e9 subjekty napl\u0148uj\u00ed rozli\u010dn\u00e9 c\u00edle, to vede k\u00a0rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bnosti, nepochopen\u00ed a\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00e9 efektivit\u011b v\u0161ech aktivit,<\/li>\n
        • cel\u00e1 situace p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k\u00a0r\u016fstu prostoru pro u\u017eivatele a\u00a0distributory neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek,<\/li>\n
        • subjekty protidrogov\u00e9 politiky nemaj\u00ed jasn\u011b vymezeny takov\u00e9 kompetence, kter\u00e9 by je vedly v\u00a0jejich r\u016fznorod\u00e9 \u010dinnosti k\u00a0uskute\u010d\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho glob\u00e1ln\u00edho c\u00edle,<\/li>\n
        • sou\u010dasn\u00e1 situace vede k\u00a0vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9mu konfliktu, n\u00e1zorov\u00fdm st\u0159et\u016fm p\u0159i napl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed specifick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Subjekty by m\u011bly p\u0159i sv\u00e9 \u010dinnosti respektovat glob\u00e1ln\u00ed c\u00edl st\u00e1tn\u00ed protidrogov\u00e9 politiky a\u00a0tomu pod\u0159\u00eddit sv\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 c\u00edle. Glob\u00e1ln\u00edm c\u00edlem pro v\u0161echny ob\u010dany \u010cR je a\u00a0v\u017edy bylo sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dtu u\u017eivatel\u016f drog, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed preventivn\u00ed \u010dinnosti, tj. sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nab\u00eddky a\u00a0popt\u00e1vky po drog\u00e1ch. Z\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f obdobn\u00fd glob\u00e1ln\u00ed c\u00edl protidrogov\u00e9 politiky by m\u011bly m\u00edt i\u00a0strategie v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch kraj\u00edch a\u00a0m\u011bstech. Pro napln\u011bn\u00ed tohoto c\u00edle je nutn\u00e9 zav\u00e9st monitoring spot\u0159eby drog, kter\u00fd bude vych\u00e1zet ze v\u0161ech dostupn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f dat o\u00a0drogov\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b. Je nutn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt argumenty a\u00a0mo\u017enosti v\u00a0aplikovan\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu, kter\u00fd zrcadl\u00ed pot\u0159eby ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu bez osobn\u00edho zaujet\u00ed. Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm pravidlem p\u0159i stanovov\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f je postupovat v\u011bcn\u011b k\u00a0napln\u011bn\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu a\u00a0k\u00a0ochran\u011b ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed obyvatel.<\/p>\n

          Diskuse a\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

          Specifick\u00fd n\u00e1stroj region\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky a\u00a0komunitn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed pro uplatn\u011bn\u00ed \u00fazemn\u00ed dimenze p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed integrovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy, jejich\u017e p\u0159\u00ednosem je zejm\u00e9na dosa\u017een\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kvality strategick\u00e9ho a\u00a0komunitn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vynakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f do jednotliv\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. Jejich z\u00e1kladn\u00edm principem je v\u011bcn\u00e1 (vhodn\u011b a\u00a0logicky prov\u00e1zan\u00e9 a\u00a0pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 tematick\u00e9\/sektorov\u00e9 intervence), \u00fazemn\u00ed (intervence ve vhodn\u00e9m geograficky a\u00a0ekonomicky spojen\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed) a\u00a0\u010dasov\u00e1 (realistick\u00fd harmonogram a\u00a0\u010dasov\u00e9 a\u00a0v\u011bcn\u00e9 slad\u011bn\u00ed intervenc\u00ed) prov\u00e1zanost intervenc\u00ed realizovan\u00e1 na z\u00e1klad\u011b kvalitn\u00ed strategie rozvoje \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

          Integrovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup v\u00a0prevenci kriminality p\u0159edstavuje n\u00e1stroj pro dosa\u017een\u00ed zejm\u00e9na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kvality pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0dan\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vynakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f. Integrovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup obecn\u011b vy\u017eaduje ur\u010ditou\u00a0\u010dasovou, \u00fazemn\u00ed a\u00a0i\u00a0kauz\u00e1ln\u00ed prov\u00e1zanost\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch typ\u016f intervenc\u00ed. Integrovan\u00e9 principy strategick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 propojuj\u00ed koncepce bydlen\u00ed, pl\u00e1ny prevence kriminality, komunitn\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed strategie, jsou za p\u0159edpokladu efektivn\u00edho sb\u011bru a\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed dat, jejich vyhodnocen\u00ed, tvorby anal\u00fdz a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho doporu\u010den\u00ed vhodn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem vedouc\u00edm ke\u00a0sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch a\u00a0bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch rizik. Nutn\u00fdm p\u0159edpokladem pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed funguj\u00edc\u00edho integrovan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu je zachov\u00e1n\u00ed prov\u00e1zanosti kompetenc\u00ed horizont\u00e1ln\u011b nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d organizacemi na jednotliv\u00fdch spr\u00e1vn\u00edch \u00farovn\u00edch a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 na horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch spr\u00e1vn\u00edch celc\u00edch.<\/p>\n

          U\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nedovolen\u00fdch n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek p\u0159edstavuje jednu z\u00a0hrozeb pro zdrav\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zky je proto z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Kombinace modern\u00edch technologi\u00ed a\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ce r\u016fzn\u00fdch subjekt\u016f \u00fazemn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0lokalizaci m\u00edst v\u00fdskytu u\u017eivatel\u016f t\u011bchto l\u00e1tek. Z\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed perspektivy by v\u00fdsledky mohly p\u0159isp\u011bt ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed drog v\u00a0t\u011bchto oblastech, na kter\u00e9 budou zac\u00edleny preventivn\u00ed programy, ale z\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00edho pohledu by cel\u00e1 spole\u010dnost mohla vyu\u017e\u00edt v\u00fdhody z\u00a0omezen\u00ed celkov\u00e9 hrozby, ke kter\u00e9mu by do\u0161lo p\u0159i c\u00edlen\u00e9m odstran\u011bn\u00ed rizikov\u00fdch faktor\u016f.<\/p>\n

          Pozn\u00e1mky<\/h4>\n
            \n
          1. Od za\u010d\u00e1tku 21. stolet\u00ed se Evropsk\u00e1 komise princip Evidence Based Policy zav\u00e1zala vyu\u017e\u00edvat p\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch legislativn\u00edch n\u00e1vrh\u016f za \u00fa\u010delem maximalizace jejich pozitivn\u00edch dopad\u016f v ekonomick\u00e9, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed i environment\u00e1ln\u00ed oblasti. V\u00fdsledkem tohoto z\u00e1vazku je stav, kdy jsou v \u00farovni rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie zavedeny procesy, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed relevanci legislativn\u00edch n\u00e1vrh\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm hodnocen\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch dopad\u016f [1].<\/li>\n
          2. Registra\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo projektu: CZ.07.1.02\/0.0\/0.0\/16_040\/0000378), financov\u00e1no z\u00a0opera\u010dn\u00edho programu Praha\u00a0\u2013 p\u00f3l r\u016fstu \u010cR.<\/li>\n
          3. N\u00e1stroj na zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje na m\u00edstn\u00ed a region\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni, p\u0159ehled obc\u00ed\/m\u011bstsk\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed a region\u016f zapojen\u00fdch do agendy MA21 je dostupn\u00fd na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch https:\/\/ma21.cenia.cz\/cs-cz\/p\u0159ehledy\/ma21vmap\u00e1ch.aspx.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Social-economic and safety risks in area are one of the main topics in these days, which in the long term affect the stability of local societies. For identification of these risks, we can use modern technology of data collection based on the analysis of illicit substances in city wastewater, as the cities are a\u00a0high-risk areas from the social perspective in the Czech Republic.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":7948,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,87],"tags":[1891,1894,1893,1892],"coauthors":[1858,1859],"class_list":["post-7994","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","category-hydrochemistry-radioecology-microbiology","tag-drug-policy","tag-evidence-based-policy","tag-social-risks","tag-strategic-management"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7994","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7994"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7994\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30574,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7994\/revisions\/30574"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7948"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7994"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7994"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7994"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=7994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}