{"id":7965,"date":"2020-05-04T14:54:42","date_gmt":"2020-05-04T13:54:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=7965"},"modified":"2024-07-17T09:56:14","modified_gmt":"2024-07-17T08:56:14","slug":"test-of-sorption-filters-on-the-base-of-granular-activated-carbon-for-drinking-water-cleaning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2020\/05\/test-of-sorption-filters-on-the-base-of-granular-activated-carbon-for-drinking-water-cleaning\/","title":{"rendered":"Test of sorption filters on the base of granular activated carbon for drinking water cleaning"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle fa-3x pull-left\"><\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Souhrn<\/h2>\n<p>Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek se v\u011bnuje v\u00fdzkumu \u00fa\u010dinnosti sorpce a\u00a0odstran\u011bn\u00ed organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, zejm\u00e9na pesticidn\u00edch z\u00a0exponovan\u00fdch sorp\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1pln\u00ed na b\u00e1zi granulovan\u00e9ho aktivn\u00edho uhl\u00ed (GAU). P\u0159edstavuje modelov\u00e9 testy \u00fa\u010dinnosti p\u011bti r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f GAU. V\u00fdsledky mohou p\u0159isp\u011bt k\u00a0posouzen\u00ed vhodnosti filtra\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1pln\u00ed pro realizovan\u00fd investi\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011br GAU filtrace, objektu, kter\u00fd bude slou\u017eit k\u00a0do\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed upraven\u00e9 vody na \u00fapravn\u011b vody \u017delivka. Testy sorp\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti prob\u00edhaly v\u00a0kolonov\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed pro 15 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch pol\u00e1rn\u00edch l\u00e1tek, jejich\u017e v\u00fdskyt v\u00a0povod\u00ed \u017delivky a\u00a0ve vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ei \u0160vihov byl potvrzen. Byla zji\u0161t\u011bna vysok\u00e1 sorp\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed 99 % pro v\u011bt\u0161inu testovan\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed bylo ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed mo\u017enosti vyu\u017eit\u00ed technologie katalytick\u00e9 destrukce CDC (Catalytic Destruction using Copper) pro regeneraci (reaktivaci) sorp\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1pln\u00ed. Destruk\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost technologi\u00ed CDC byla zkoum\u00e1na v\u00a0laboratorn\u00edm reaktoru, pro v\u011bt\u0161inu l\u00e1tek bylo takt\u00e9\u017e dosa\u017eeno vysok\u00fdch hodnot jejich eliminace nad 99 %.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00davod<\/h2>\n<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdsledky \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu \u010cist\u00e1 voda\u00a0\u2013 zdrav\u00e9 m\u011bsto, Konceptu I: \u201eStudie vnosu pesticid\u016f do vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee \u0160vihov (\u017delivka) s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm nov\u00fdch vzorkovac\u00edch technik a\u00a0odstran\u011bn\u00ed organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek ze sorp\u010dn\u00edch filtr\u016f za ozonizac\u00ed vysoce-\u00fa\u010dinnou chemickou destrukc\u00ed\u201c se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na v\u00fdsledky testov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkolika druh\u016f sorp\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1pln\u00ed pro z\u00e1chyt pol\u00e1rn\u00edch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek z\u00a0vodn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Povod\u00ed vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee \u0160vihov, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice, je charakteristick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch s\u00eddel a\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdm vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm krajiny. Antropogenn\u00ed vliv na povrchov\u00e9 vody je monitorov\u00e1n a\u00a0vyhodnocov\u00e1n spr\u00e1vcem povod\u00ed (Povod\u00ed Vltavy, s. p.) [1, 2]. Rovn\u011b\u017e v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu \u010cist\u00e1 voda\u00a0\u2013 zdrav\u00e9 m\u011bsto byly pomoc\u00ed pasivn\u00edch vzorkovac\u00edch technik na p\u0159\u00edtoc\u00edch do VN \u0160vihov a\u00a0na \u00daV \u017delivka detekov\u00e1ny organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky nepol\u00e1rn\u00edho i\u00a0pol\u00e1rn\u00edho charakteru s\u00a0p\u0159evahou \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek rostlinol\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f [3]. Pro efektivn\u00ed odstran\u011bn\u00ed zbytkov\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek z\u00a0upraven\u00e9 pitn\u00e9 vody je v\u00a0are\u00e1lu \u00daV \u017delivka uskute\u010d\u0148ov\u00e1na rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 investice dal\u0161\u00edho stupn\u011b \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 filtrace pomoc\u00ed granulovan\u00e9ho aktivn\u00edho uhl\u00ed (GAU) [4], kde bude upraven\u00e1 voda za ozonizac\u00ed do\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1na pomoc\u00ed tlakov\u00e9 filtrace. Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem vyroben\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed GAU je p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b upraveno takov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, aby ve zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e adsorbovalo pol\u00e1rn\u00ed l\u00e1tky. Filtrace pomoc\u00ed GAU technologie pro \u00fapravu pitn\u00e9 vody za \u00fa\u010delem odstran\u011bn\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00edch kontaminant\u016f je komer\u010dn\u011b dostupn\u00e1 s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee vy\u017eaduje\u00a0\u00fa\u010dinnou regeneraci (pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se t\u00e9\u017e pojem reaktivace) filtra\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1pln\u011b [5, 6].\u00a0V\u00fdb\u011br filtra\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1pln\u011b je t\u00e9\u017e v\u00fdznamn\u00fd z\u00a0ekonomicko-provozn\u00edho hlediska. Za \u00fa\u010delem zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jejich sorp\u010dn\u00edch schopnost\u00ed je v\u00a0are\u00e1lu \u00fapravny ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let v\u00a0provozu aparatura sorp\u010dn\u00edch kolon s\u00a0n\u011bkolika typy GAU, na kter\u00e9 je vedena upraven\u00e1 voda za ozonizac\u00ed. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu \u010cist\u00e1 voda\u00a0\u2013 zdrav\u00e9 m\u011bsto byly testy sorpce a\u00a0desorpce sorp\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1pln\u00ed realizov\u00e1ny s\u00a0vysoce kontaminovanou vstupn\u00ed vodou, aby tak bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00a0krat\u0161\u00edm \u010dasov\u00e9m \u00faseku (ne\u017e n\u011bkolika let) porovnat vhodnost jednotliv\u00fdch typ\u016f sorp\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1pln\u00ed, jejich\u017e pou\u017eit\u00ed v\u00a0objektu GAU filtrace p\u0159ipad\u00e1 v\u00a0\u00favahu.<\/p>\n<p>Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem byly provedeny modelov\u00e9 testy p\u011bti typ\u016f sorp\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1pln\u00ed na b\u00e1zi GAU. V\u00fdsledky mohou p\u0159isp\u011bt k\u00a0roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed znalost\u00ed o\u00a0jejich vlastnostech a\u00a0mo\u017enosti vyu\u017eit\u00ed technologie CDC pro regeneraci n\u00e1pln\u00ed. \u010cl\u00e1nek zhodnocuje:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>testy sorpce vybran\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek (zejm\u00e9na pesticid\u016f) za \u00fa\u010delem zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed sorp\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti,<\/li>\n<li>destruk\u010dn\u00ed testy z\u00a0exponovan\u00fdch sorp\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1pln\u00ed katalytickou destrukc\u00ed pro zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti desorpce.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Metody<\/h2>\n<h3>Testy sorpce<\/h3>\n<p>Modelov\u00e9 sorp\u010dn\u00ed testy byly uskute\u010dn\u011bny pomoc\u00ed aparatury sorp\u010dn\u00edch kolon jako vhodn\u00e9ho prost\u0159edku pro v\u00fdzkum sorp\u010dn\u00edch a\u00a0desorp\u010dn\u00edch proces\u016f vybran\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek na zvolen\u00fdch typech aktivn\u00edho uhl\u00ed. Sorp\u010dn\u00ed aparatura byla um\u00edst\u011bna v\u00a0technologick\u00e9 hale s\u00a0relativn\u011b n\u00edzkou teplotou v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0teplotou laboratorn\u00ed (teplota vody nep\u0159es\u00e1hla +15 \u00b0C).<\/p>\n<p>Sorp\u010dn\u00ed kolony pro filtraci pomoc\u00ed aktivn\u00edho uhl\u00ed jsou tvo\u0159eny\u00a0dv\u011bma n\u00e1dobami, prvn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed a\u00a0druhou kontroln\u00ed, kter\u00e1 indikuje ztr\u00e1tu filtra\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti prvn\u00ed kolony. Ta m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobena rychl\u00fdm pr\u016fchodem m\u00e9dia p\u0159es kolonu a\/nebo pln\u00fdm nasycen\u00edm sorp\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1pln\u011b. Technick\u00e1 specifikace aparatury:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed filtra\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016ftok: 2 m<sup>3<\/sup>.h<sup>-1<\/sup>,<\/li>\n<li>rychlost vody p\u0159i filtraci: 11 m.h<sup>-1<\/sup>,<\/li>\n<li>doba kontaktu s\u00a0aktivn\u00edm uhl\u00edm: 5 min 40 s,<\/li>\n<li>pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd prostor v\u00a0n\u00e1dob\u011b: 25 %,<\/li>\n<li>velikost jedn\u00e9 n\u00e1doby: pr\u016fm\u011br 490 mm, v\u00fd\u0161ka 2\u00a0130 mm,<\/li>\n<li>objem jedn\u00e9 n\u00e1doby: 260 l,<\/li>\n<li>objem vyhrazen\u00fd pro materi\u00e1l v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 n\u00e1dob\u011b: 190 l,<\/li>\n<li>tlakov\u00fd re\u017eim kolon: p\u0159etlak.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(Pozn. Informace od v\u00fdrobce vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0\u00fadaj\u016f pro j\u00edm dod\u00e1van\u00e9 aktivn\u00ed uhl\u00ed CG 900.)<\/p>\n<p>Kolony byly testov\u00e1ny v\u00a0s\u00e9riov\u00e9m zapojen\u00ed, vodn\u00ed m\u00e9dium do kolony vstupovalo ze vstupn\u00ed n\u00e1doby a\u00a0po filtraci p\u0159ech\u00e1zelo do v\u00fdstupn\u00ed n\u00e1doby. B\u011bhem p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fdch test\u016f byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny vzorky GAU ze spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti prvn\u00ed kolony, aby byla zji\u0161t\u011bna p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 kontaminace cel\u00e9ho objemu kolony a\u00a0z\u00a0toho vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed ztr\u00e1ta filtra\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti. V\u00fdsledky po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch test\u016f byly negativn\u00ed, proto byla p\u0159i porovn\u00e1vac\u00edch testech vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na pouze jedna kolona.<\/p>\n<p>Experiment se skl\u00e1dal ze t\u0159\u00ed provozn\u00edch re\u017eim\u016f:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>prom\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 cirkulace vody s\u00a0definovanou koncentrac\u00ed vybran\u00fdch rostlinol\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f ve vstupn\u00ed n\u00e1dob\u011b,<\/li>\n<li>purifikace\u00a0\u2013 vlastn\u00ed filtrace \u201ekontaminovan\u00e9\u201c vody, proces pr\u016fchodu vodn\u00edho m\u00e9dia ze vstupn\u00ed n\u00e1doby do kolon, d\u00e1le do v\u00fdstupn\u00ed n\u00e1doby a\u00a0jeho p\u0159e\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u011bt do vstupn\u00ed n\u00e1doby k\u00a0p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b pro p\u0159\u00edpadnou dal\u0161\u00ed filtraci je ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako jeden pracovn\u00ed cyklus, optimalizace po\u010dtu pracovn\u00edch cykl\u016f byla sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch experiment\u016f,<\/li>\n<li>pr\u016fplach\u00a0\u2013 dekontaminace kolon a\u00a0cel\u00e9 aparatury \u010distou vodou.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Schematick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed zapojen\u00ed aparatury a\u00a0jej\u00ed fotografie zobrazuj\u00ed <em>obr. 1<\/em> a\u00a0<em>2<\/em>.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-1.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-7965];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"512\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7809 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-1-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-1-768x492.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/512;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 1. Sch\u00e9ma zapojen\u00ed kolonov\u00fdch test\u016f<br \/>\nFig. 1. Columns tests diagram<br \/>\nLegenda: Vstup\u00a0\u2013 vstupn\u00ed n\u00e1doba o\u00a0objemu 1 m<sup>3<\/sup>, V\u00fdstup\u00a0\u2013 v\u00fdstupn\u00ed n\u00e1doba o\u00a0objemu 1\u00a0m<sup>3<\/sup>, P1\u00a0\u2013 odst\u0159ediv\u00e9 \u010derpadlo, V1 a\u017e V3\u00a0\u2013 cirkula\u010dn\u00ed \u010derpadla<\/h6>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-2.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-7965];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"410\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7811 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-2-300x154.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-2-768x394.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/410;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 2. Kolonov\u00e1 aparatura<br \/>\nFig. 2. Column tests setup<\/h6>\n<p>Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed optimaliza\u010dn\u00ed testy byly provedeny na uhl\u00ed Filtrasorb TL830 (d\u00e1le ozna\u010den\u00e9m jako GAU1). Je mo\u017en\u00e9 je shrnout do t\u011bchto bod\u016f:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Optimalizace analytick\u00e9 metodiky LC-MS pro skupinu pol\u00e1rn\u00edch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed standardn\u00edch referen\u010dn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f dan\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a\u00a0komer\u010dn\u00edch sm\u011bs\u00ed, kde se zkoumal matri\u010dn\u00ed efekt. Pou\u017eit\u00e1 analytick\u00e1 technika: LC-MS syst\u00e9m, typ TSQ Quantum Access, Thermo Electron Corporation.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdb\u011br zkouman\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00fd vych\u00e1zel ze seznamu pol\u00e1rn\u00edch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek (pesticid\u016f) nalezen\u00fdch v\u00a0povrchov\u00e9 vod\u011b nebo surov\u00e9 vod\u011b na VN \u0160vihov a\u00a0nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pesticid\u016f dostupn\u00fdch v\u00a0komer\u010dn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch sm\u011bs\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159\u00edprava vodn\u00e9ho roztoku rostlinol\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f o\u00a0definovan\u00e9 po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed koncentraci \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed objem roztoku ve vstupn\u00ed n\u00e1dob\u011b byl v\u017edy 500 litr\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Napln\u011bn\u00ed kolony zvolen\u00fdm druhem sorbentu v\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00ed 25 kg.<\/li>\n<li>Optimalizace po\u010dtu filtra\u010dn\u00edch cykl\u016f na \u010dty\u0159i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Po proveden\u00ed prvotn\u00edch optimaliza\u010dn\u00edch test\u016f na sorbentu GAU1 byly n\u00e1sledn\u011b realizov\u00e1ny porovn\u00e1vac\u00ed kolonov\u00e9 testy pro p\u011bt vybran\u00fdch typ\u016f aktivn\u00edho uhl\u00ed GAU1 a\u017e GAU5.<\/p>\n<p>Typy speci\u00e1ln\u00edho granulovan\u00e9ho aktivn\u00edho uhl\u00ed byly vyb\u00edr\u00e1ny podle schopnosti sorbovat perzistentn\u00ed a\u00a0pol\u00e1rn\u00ed organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, v\u010detn\u011b pesticid\u016f, z\u00a0vody. V\u00fdb\u011br byl proveden s\u00a0ohledem na mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed v\u00a0objektu GAU filtrace na \u00daV \u017delivka [4] a\u00a0z\u00a0literatury, kde testy na filtraci pol\u00e1rn\u00edch l\u00e1tek prob\u00edhaly nej\u010dast\u011bji pr\u00e1v\u011b na GAU od n\u00e1mi vybran\u00fdch sv\u011btov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u016f, viz nap\u0159. [7, 8]. Vybran\u00e9 typy GAU, vhodn\u00e9 pro \u00fapravu, se li\u0161\u00ed ve velikosti zrn, zp\u016fsobu v\u00fdroby a\u00a0ostatn\u00edch parametrech. Seznam druh\u016f aktivn\u00edho uhl\u00ed k\u00a0testov\u00e1n\u00ed sorpce a\u00a0desorpce je uveden v\u00a0<em>tabulce 1<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h5>Tabulka 1. Vybran\u00e9 druhy filtra\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1pln\u00ed<br \/>\nTable 1. GAU filters types<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-1.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-7965];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"354\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7831 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-1-300x133.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-1-768x340.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/354;\" \/><\/a>\n<p>V\u00a0<em>tabulce 2<\/em> jsou uvedeny vybran\u00e9 parametry v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch druh\u016f GAU publikovan\u00e9 v\u00fdrobci nebo dovozci. Z ekonomick\u00e9ho hlediska jsme z\u00edskali zku\u0161enost z maloobchodn\u00ed dod\u00e1vky 100 kg GAU, kdy cenov\u00fd rozptyl t\u011bchto p\u011bti druh\u016f GAU byl zna\u010dn\u00fd (od 78 do 209 K\u010d\/kg bez DPH). V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vyu\u017eit\u00ed na \u00fapravn\u00e1ch vody je nutno kalkulovat takt\u00e9\u017e s cenou za dopravu, mno\u017estevn\u00ed slevou a\u00a0zohlednit i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky dodavatel\u016f. Ekonomick\u00e1 rentabilita p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru je tak\u00e9 ovlivn\u011bna schopnost\u00ed dan\u00fdch GAU opakovan\u00e9 regenerace, tzv. recykla\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost a\u00a0ztr\u00e1t\u011b materi\u00e1lu p\u0159i regeneraci. V\u00a0literatu\u0159e t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se termick\u00e9 reaktivace [9] se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee vlivem oxidace a\u00a0od\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1lu doch\u00e1z\u00ed b\u011bhem regenerace k\u00a05 a\u017e 15% ztr\u00e1t\u011b materi\u00e1lu [7, 10]. P\u0159i testech GAU Filtrasorb s\u00a0opakovanou termickou regenerac\u00ed [5] byl u\u010din\u011bn z\u00e1v\u011br, \u017ee sorp\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti opakovan\u011b destruovan\u00fdch vzork\u016f byly prakticky stejn\u00e9. V\u00a0tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku prezentovan\u00e1 regenera\u010dn\u00ed metoda CDC, kdy se teplota materi\u00e1lu pohybuje kolem 300 \u00b0C, by m\u011bla b\u00fdt \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, a\u00a0tud\u00ed\u017e je\u0161t\u011b vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro opakovanou regeneraci.<\/p>\n<h5>Tabulka 2. Vybran\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vlastnosti jednotliv\u00fdch filtra\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1pln\u00ed<br \/>\nTable 2. Selected basic characteristics of GAU filters<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-2.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-7965];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"302\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7833 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-2-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-2-768x290.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/302;\" \/><\/a>\n<p>P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru pesticid\u016f byly zohledn\u011bny v\u00a0minulosti nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 koncentrace re\u00e1ln\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edch pesticidn\u00edch l\u00e1tek v\u00a0povrchov\u00e9 vod\u011b na p\u0159\u00edtoc\u00edch do VN \u0160vihov, v\u00a0surov\u00e9 (neupraven\u00e9) vod\u011b a\u00a0v\u00a0upraven\u00e9 pitn\u00e9 vod\u011b z\u00a0\u00daV \u017delivka nap\u0159. [1, 11]. Takt\u00e9\u017e bylo p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eeno k\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016fm zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdm pasivn\u00edm vzorkov\u00e1n\u00edm vody na p\u0159\u00edtoc\u00edch do VN \u0160vihov a\u00a0na\u00a0\u00fapravnu vody v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu \u010cist\u00e1 voda\u00a0\u2013 zdrav\u00e9 m\u011bsto [3] a\u00a0ke spot\u0159eb\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek rostlinol\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f evidovan\u00fdch \u00daKZ\u00daZ v\u00a0okresech v\u00a0povod\u00ed \u017delivky. Mezi kontaminanty ve VN \u0160vihov byly zji\u0161t\u011bny i\u00a0pol\u00e1rn\u00ed nepesticidn\u00ed l\u00e1tky, zejm\u00e9na benzotriazol (antikorozn\u00ed slo\u017eka komer\u010dn\u00edch a\u00a0pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f) a\u00a0DEET (sou\u010d\u00e1st repelent\u016f), proto jsme je tak\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0159adili do na\u0161eho seznamu. Celkem bylo vybr\u00e1no 15\u00a0zkouman\u00fdch pol\u00e1rn\u00edch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 jsou uvedeny v\u00a0<em>tabulce 3<\/em> spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0nav\u00e1\u017ekou p\u0159\u00edpravku homogenizovan\u00e9m v\u00a0500 l vody a\u00a0z\u00a0toho vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed vstupn\u00ed koncentrace \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky v\u00a0testovac\u00edm vodn\u00e9m roztoku. Koncentrace \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek byla zna\u010dn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e re\u00e1ln\u00e9 dosahovan\u00e9 hodnoty koncentrac\u00ed v\u00a0surov\u00e9 vod\u011b vstupuj\u00edc\u00ed do \u00daV \u017delivka.<\/p>\n<h5>Tabulka 3. Pou\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravky a\u00a0koncentrace \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek ve vstupn\u00edm m\u00e9diu pro test sorpce<br \/>\nTable 3. Pesticides agents and active substances concentrations in sorption test input medium<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-3.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-7965];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"978\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7835 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-3-245x300.jpg 245w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-3-768x939.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/978;\" \/><\/a>\n<p>B\u011bhem ka\u017ed\u00e9ho realizovan\u00e9ho filtra\u010dn\u00edho cyklu byly odebr\u00e1ny a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b analyzov\u00e1ny jak vzorky roztoku (kontaminovan\u00e9 vody), tak vzorky aktivn\u00edho uhl\u00ed n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Vzorky kontaminovan\u00e9 vody\u00a0\u2013 odb\u011br byl proveden ze vzorkovac\u00ed v\u00fdpust\u011b v\u00fdstupn\u00ed n\u00e1doby, a\u00a0to p\u0159ed filtrac\u00ed po prom\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed roztoku a\u00a0po ka\u017ed\u00e9 ze \u010dty\u0159 filtrac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Vzorky aktivn\u00edho uhl\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 GAU byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny ze spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti kolony. Z\u00a0konstrukce samotn\u00fdch kolon vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 omezen\u00ed, \u017ee nelze jednodu\u0161e prov\u00e1d\u011bt pr\u016f\u0159ezovou anal\u00fdzu \u00fabytku pesticidn\u00edch l\u00e1tek v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch kolony. Odebran\u00e9 vzorky GAU byly vyu\u017eity pro n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 desorp\u010dn\u00ed testy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Testy desorpce<\/h2>\n<h3>Technologie katalytick\u00e9 destrukce CDC<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159isp\u011bvovatel se dlouhodob\u011b zab\u00fdv\u00e1 nespalovac\u00ed destrukc\u00ed perzistentn\u00edch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek (POP) v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch matric\u00edch. Jedn\u00e1 se zejm\u00e9na o\u00a0v\u00fdvoj optimalizovan\u00e9 technologie dehalogenace (detoxikace) pevn\u00e9ho odpadu [12] obsahuj\u00edc\u00edho vysoce chlorovan\u00e9 POPs zalo\u017een\u00e9 na metod\u011b CDC (Catalytic Destruction using Copper) [13\u201315]. Principem metody je odtr\u017een\u00ed radik\u00e1lu chloru ze skeletu molekuly a\u00a0jeho p\u0159eveden\u00ed na chloridy za teploty kolem 300\u00a0\u00b0C. Vhodn\u00e9 aplikace pro tuto technologii jsou:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>odpra\u0161ky a\u00a0pop\u00edlky z\u00a0metalurgick\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu (T\u0159ineck\u00e9 \u017eelez\u00e1rny, a. s.),<\/li>\n<li>kontaminovan\u00e9 sedimenty z\u00a0Labe (pesticidn\u00ed l\u00e1tky),<\/li>\n<li>regenerace exponovan\u00e9ho aktivn\u00edho uhl\u00ed na \u00fapravn\u011b pitn\u00e9 vody.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Technologie CDC je chr\u00e1n\u011bna patentem EU \u010d\u00edslo PCT\/CZ2004\/000024 [16], p\u0159edm\u011btem \u010desk\u00e9ho patentu je pou\u017eit\u00ed pro nepol\u00e1rn\u00ed organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Aplikace pro vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely je modifikac\u00ed t\u00e9to metody (detaily jsou p\u0159edm\u011btem prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed patentov\u00e9 ochrany).<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu \u010cist\u00e1 voda\u00a0\u2013 zdrav\u00e9 m\u011bsto prob\u011bhla modifikace metody CDC pro pol\u00e1rn\u00ed pesticidn\u00ed l\u00e1tky. Aplikace pro regeneraci GAU vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee skelety nepol\u00e1rn\u00edch l\u00e1tek, na kter\u00fdch byla technologie odzkou\u0161ena, jsou stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e skelety n\u00e1mi po\u017eadovan\u00fdch l\u00e1tek pol\u00e1rn\u00edch. V\u00a0proveden\u00fdch\u00a0modelov\u00fdch testech se tento p\u0159edpoklad potvrdil, bylo dosa\u017eeno vysok\u00e9 desorp\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm faktorem pro ur\u010den\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti je \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159enosu f\u00e1ze, kter\u00e1 je z\u00e1kladem pro nasazen\u00ed technologie v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vysok\u00fdch objem\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdsledky experiment\u016f ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee tato metoda je dob\u0159e aplikovateln\u00e1 pro rozli\u010dn\u00e9 druhy materi\u00e1l\u016f [17], a\u00a0to jak v\u00a0matric\u00edch pevn\u00fdch, tak i\u00a0kapaln\u00fdch a\u00a0plynn\u00fdch. S\u00a0ohledem na relativn\u011b velk\u00e9 objemy materi\u00e1lu p\u0159i regeneraci GAU lze pou\u017e\u00edt dva mo\u017en\u00e9 postupy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>regenerace, spojen\u00e1 s izolac\u00ed vybran\u00fdch l\u00e1tek do vhodn\u00e9 f\u00e1ze, s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm nevratn\u00fdm odstran\u011bn\u00edm ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch l\u00e1tek a jejich intermedi\u00e1t\u016f,<\/li>\n<li>p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 regenerace na pevn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To, kter\u00e1 cesta se pou\u017eije, je zejm\u00e9na z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na zachycovan\u00fdch l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch, pou\u017eit\u00e9mu sorp\u010dn\u00edmu materi\u00e1lu a\u00a0po\u017eadovan\u00e9 kapacit\u011b metody.<\/p>\n<p>Obdobn\u00e1 technologie s\u00a0dostate\u010dnou \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed v\u00a0mobiln\u00edm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed zat\u00edm na trhu dostupn\u00e1. Na\u0161e technologie byla v\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00edch generac\u00edch nasazena p\u0159i pilotn\u00edch sana\u010dn\u00edch prac\u00edch na kontaminovan\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed skl\u00e1dky Organika Azot v\u00a0Jaworznu (Polsko) s\u00a0detoxifikac\u00ed koncentrovan\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f vybran\u00fdch nepol\u00e1rn\u00edch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek [18] s\u00a0v\u00fdborn\u00fdmi v\u00fdsledky. P\u0159ednosti metody CDC proti potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm konkuren\u010dn\u00edm technologi\u00edm jsou:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>vysok\u00e1 destruk\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost,<\/li>\n<li>mo\u017enost mobiln\u00edho nasazen\u00ed (in-situ), mal\u00fd z\u00e1b\u011br plochy,<\/li>\n<li>\u0161irok\u00fd rozsah kontaminant\u016f\u00a0\u2013 destrukce nez\u00e1vis\u00ed na stupni chlorace,<\/li>\n<li>likvidace termin\u00e1ln\u00edch l\u00e1tek i\u00a0prekurzor\u016f,<\/li>\n<li>pln\u011b nespalovac\u00ed metoda, se zcela uzav\u0159en\u00fdm cyklem z\u00e1chytu (bez \u00fanik\u016f residu\u00ed do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed),<\/li>\n<li>bez pou\u017eit\u00ed agresivn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>jednoduchost\u00a0\u2013 reak\u010dn\u00ed mechanismus dob\u0159e popsan\u00fd, mo\u017enost optimalizace metody nap\u0159. volbou mno\u017estv\u00ed katalyz\u00e1toru,<\/li>\n<li>schopnost kontroly v\u0161ech l\u00e1tkov\u00fdch tok\u016f procesu,<\/li>\n<li>schopnost znovuzpracovat materi\u00e1ly je-li pot\u0159eba proces opakovat kv\u016fli dosa\u017een\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti,<\/li>\n<li>spolehlivost\u00a0\u2013 pro \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu koncentrac\u00ed od stopov\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00ed a\u017e po koncentr\u00e1ty kontaminant\u016f,<\/li>\n<li>nen\u00e1ro\u010dnost obsluhy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Technologickou modifikaci pro \u00fa\u010deln\u00e9, ekonomick\u00e9 recyklace sorp\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1pln\u011b GAU je mo\u017en\u00e9 ch\u00e1pat jako analogii technologie CDC, jej\u00ed\u017e zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma je na <em>obr. 3<\/em>.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-3.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-7965];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"244\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7813 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-3-300x92.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-3-768x234.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/244;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 3. Diagram procesu regenerace<br \/>\nFig. 3. Regeneration process diagram<\/h6>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 parametry technologie CDC:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>reaktorem je tlakov\u00e1 n\u00e1doba s\u00a0m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00edm, s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edvodem nosn\u00e9ho plynu, chlazen\u00edm odplynu, s\u00a0d\u011bli\u010dem frakce (reflux) a\u00a0elektrick\u00fdm oh\u0159evem,<\/li>\n<li>p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00fd gradient oh\u0159evu: cca 300 \u00b0C\/45 minut,<\/li>\n<li>teplotn\u00ed profil \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch reakc\u00ed: 100\u2013300 \u00b0C,<\/li>\n<li>reak\u010dn\u00edmi komponentami je modifikovan\u00fd sm\u011bsn\u00fd katalyz\u00e1tor,<\/li>\n<li>doba reakce: 4 a\u017e 8 hodin,<\/li>\n<li>chlazen\u00ed vs\u00e1zky: voln\u00e9,<\/li>\n<li>objem reaktoru v\u00a0mobiln\u00edm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed: 0,2\u20135 m<sup>3<\/sup>,<\/li>\n<li>reprezentativn\u00ed velikost vzork\u016f ka\u017ed\u00e9 vs\u00e1zky: cca 250\u20131 000 kg,<\/li>\n<li>analytick\u00e9 stanoven\u00ed destruk\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Princip metody CDC<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00a0reaktoru prob\u00edh\u00e1 katalytick\u00e1 reakce halogenov\u00fdch organick\u00fdch slou\u010denin za p\u0159\u00edtomnosti m\u011bdi a\u00a0donoru vod\u00edku nez\u00e1visle na stupni halogenace a\u00a0pozici halogenu u\u00a0t\u011bchto slou\u010denin. Nejedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0spalovac\u00ed technologii, co\u017e je jej\u00ed velkou v\u00fdhodou. Katalytick\u00fd mechanismus je podrobn\u011b publikov\u00e1n v\u00a0[16]. Jeho vhodnou modifikac\u00ed a\u00a0u\u017eit\u00fdm katalyz\u00e1torem je mo\u017en\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it vyu\u017eit\u00ed CDC na \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed skupinu l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00edce pol\u00e1rn\u00ed a\/nebo nemaj\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m skeletu halogen.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i dehalogenaci se pak uplat\u0148uje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed patentovan\u00fd reak\u010dn\u00ed mechanismus (1):<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-vzorec-1.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-7965];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"107\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7841 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-vzorec-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-vzorec-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-vzorec-1-300x40.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-vzorec-1-768x103.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/107;\" \/><\/a>\n<p>a\u00a0k\u00a0Ullmanov\u011b reakci (biarylov\u00e1 tvorba) za vzniku netoxick\u00fdch a\u00a0d\u00e1le vyu\u017eiteln\u00fdch l\u00e1tek (2, 3):<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-vzorec-2.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-7965];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"107\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7843 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-vzorec-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-vzorec-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-vzorec-2-300x40.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-vzorec-2-768x103.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/107;\" \/><\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-vzorec-3.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-7965];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"107\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7845 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-vzorec-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-vzorec-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-vzorec-3-300x40.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-vzorec-3-768x103.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/107;\" \/><\/a>\n<p>V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b i\u00a0termodynamicky m\u00e9n\u011b stabiln\u00edch skelet\u016f, ne\u017e jsou Ar-Ar pak doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0jejich nevratn\u00e9mu rozpadu na netoxick\u00e9 fragmenty, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e halogeny p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed do anorganick\u00e9 formy soli nebo slab\u00e9 kyseliny, je\u017e se zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00a0mokr\u00e9 pra\u010dce. Celkov\u00fd proces je uzav\u0159en, ke zbytkov\u00fdm \u00fanik\u016fm zbytkov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek (nap\u0159. do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed) tak nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pro regeneraci aktivn\u00edho uhl\u00ed mohou testy prob\u00edhat ve dvou uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edch:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>laboratorn\u00ed modelov\u00fd testovac\u00ed reaktor pro mal\u00e9 objemy simuluj\u00edc\u00ed podm\u00ednky v\u00a0provozn\u00edm reaktoru,<\/li>\n<li>provozn\u00ed reaktor.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Mobiln\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Jednotka CDC tak, jak je v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b provozovan\u00e1, m\u00e1 mo\u017enost stacion\u00e1rn\u00edho i\u00a0mobiln\u00edho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. Mobiln\u00ed jednotka je p\u0159enositeln\u00e1 na m\u00edsto realizace, nam\u00edsto logisticky komplikovan\u00e9 p\u0159epravy materi\u00e1lu. Na <em>obr. 4<\/em> je uk\u00e1z\u00e1na sou\u010dasn\u00e1 verze mobiln\u00ed jednotky. V\u0161echny konstruk\u010dn\u00ed prvky CDC jednotky jsou um\u00edst\u011bny do robustn\u00edho technologick\u00e9ho r\u00e1mu. Pro mobiln\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed je r\u00e1m navr\u017een tak, aby odpov\u00eddal um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0technologick\u00e9m kontejneru ISO. Proces je \u0159\u00edzen centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed jednotkou podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch, p\u0159edem stanoven\u00fdch destruk\u010dn\u00edch program\u016f. Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed destruk\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti se prov\u00e1d\u00ed anal\u00fdzou odebran\u00fdch vzork\u016f b\u011bhem a\u00a0po procesu destrukce ze vzorkovac\u00edch m\u00edst ze dna reaktoru.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-4.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-7965];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"408\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7815 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-4-300x153.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-4-768x392.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/408;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 4. Mobiln\u00ed technologie CDC<br \/>\nFig. 4. CDC mobile technology<\/h6>\n<h3>Modelov\u00e9 laboratorn\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu \u010cist\u00e1 voda\u00a0\u2013 zdrav\u00e9 m\u011bsto byly destruk\u010dn\u00ed testy realizov\u00e1ny v\u00a0laboratorn\u00edm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00a0laboratorn\u00edm reaktoru byly vyhodnocov\u00e1ny pom\u011bry vstupn\u00edch reak\u010dn\u00edch komponent, jejich vhodnost a\u00a0vliv matrice a\u00a0druhu vstupn\u00edho kontaminovan\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu. Jako reaktor byl pou\u017eit autokl\u00e1v s\u00a0t\u011bmito parametry:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>reak\u010dn\u00ed teplota: 100\u2013300 \u00b0C sledov\u00e1na teplotn\u00edm \u010didlem s\u00a0automatick\u00fdm z\u00e1znamem (viz <em>obr. 5<\/em>),<\/li>\n<li>objem nerezov\u00e9 reaktorov\u00e9 n\u00e1doby: 400 ml,<\/li>\n<li>reak\u010dn\u00ed doba: 4\u20138 hodin,<\/li>\n<li>prost\u0159ed\u00ed: inertn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ra zamezuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu kysl\u00edku je dosa\u017eena napln\u011bn\u00edm voln\u00e9ho m\u00edsta v\u00a0reaktorov\u00e9 n\u00e1dob\u011b dus\u00edkem p\u0159ed zapo\u010det\u00edm zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed (p\u0159\u00edtomnost kysl\u00edku by vedla k\u00a0reakc\u00edm, kdy by vznikaly toxikologicky nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slou\u010deniny ne\u017eli ty destruovan\u00e9),<\/li>\n<li>proces prob\u00edhal za st\u00e1l\u00e9ho m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed, odb\u011br vzork\u016f po ukon\u010den\u00ed procesu (zchladnut\u00ed materi\u00e1lu),<\/li>\n<li>ke\u00a0zkouman\u00e9mu vzorku byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 reak\u010dn\u00ed komponenty (slo\u017een\u00ed vs\u00e1zky a\u00a0modifikovan\u00fd katalyz\u00e1tor); pom\u011br jednotliv\u00fdch komponent z\u00e1vis\u00ed na druhu a\u00a0m\u00ed\u0159e kontaminace vzorku pesticidn\u00edmi l\u00e1tkami.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-5.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-7965];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7817 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-5.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-5-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-5-768x519.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/541;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 5. Pr\u016fb\u011bh teploty v\u00a0reaktoru<br \/>\nFig. 5. Example of temperature course in reactor<\/h6>\n<h3>Modelov\u00e9 testy<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159i po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch testech desorpce nasorbovan\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek katalytickou destrukc\u00ed na sorp\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1plni GAU1 byly optimalizov\u00e1ny n\u011bkter\u00e9 parametry metody, zejm\u00e9na hmotnost l\u00e1tek v\u00a0reaktoru a\u00a0doba v\u00fdh\u0159evu. Vyhodnocovanou veli\u010dinou byla destruk\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost v\u00a0procentech, kter\u00e1 je vypo\u010dtena jako pom\u011br odezvy dan\u00e9ho analytu (analytick\u00e9 plochy pod p\u00edkem) pro dan\u00fd kontaminant p\u0159ed destrukc\u00ed (vstupn\u00ed vzorek) ku vzorku v\u00fdstupn\u00edmu po destrukci. Pro optimaliza\u010dn\u00ed testy byly pou\u017eity vzorky obohacen\u00e9 p\u0159edem definovan\u00fdmi koncentracemi vybran\u00fdch pesticid\u016f (\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek) obsa\u017een\u00fdch v\u00a0komer\u010dn\u00edch aplika\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpravc\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Optimalizovan\u00e9 parametry destrukce CDC metodou pro porovn\u00e1vac\u00ed testy pro GAU1 a\u017e GAU5 byly n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>doba vyh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed: 4 hodiny,<\/li>\n<li>hmotnost katalyz\u00e1toru: m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 1 %,<\/li>\n<li>hmotnost donoru vod\u00edku: m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 1 %.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pro porovn\u00e1vac\u00ed desorp\u010dn\u00ed testy byly vyu\u017eity re\u00e1ln\u00e9 vzorky nasorbovan\u00fdch GAU z\u00a0kolonov\u00fdch sorp\u010dn\u00edch test\u016f.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00fdsledky a\u00a0diskuse<\/h2>\n<h3>Modelov\u00e9 testy sorpce<\/h3>\n<p>Sorp\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost v\u00a0procentech byla vypo\u010dtena jako pom\u011br odezvy (plochy p\u00edku dan\u00e9ho analytu) vzorku vody (filtr\u00e1tu) po v\u0161ech realizovan\u00fdch filtra\u010dn\u00edch cyklech a\u00a0vzorku vstupn\u00edho (po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edho) roztoku p\u0159ed zapo\u010det\u00edm sorp\u010dn\u00edho testu. V\u00a0<em>tabulce 4<\/em>, kter\u00e1 uv\u00e1d\u00ed srovn\u00e1n\u00ed sorp\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti jednotliv\u00fdch GAU1 a\u017e GAU5, jsou uvedeny sorp\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti pro jednotliv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky po 4. (z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9m) filtra\u010dn\u00edm cyklu. B\u011bhem experiment\u016f byly tyto \u00fa\u010dinnosti zkoum\u00e1ny v\u017edy po ka\u017ed\u00e9 filtraci (F1\u2013F4), co\u017e poskytuje informaci o\u00a0m\u00ed\u0159e \u00fabytku dan\u00e9 l\u00e1tky v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m filtra\u010dn\u00edm cyklu (viz <em>obr. 6\u201310<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h5>Tabulka 4. Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1chytu pro jednotliv\u00e9 druhy uhl\u00ed po 4. filtra\u010dn\u00edm cyklu<br \/>\nTable 4. Sorption efficiency comparison after 4<sup>th<\/sup> filter cycles for five different GAUs<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-4.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-7965];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"947\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7837 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-4-253x300.jpg 253w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-4-768x909.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/947;\" \/><\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-6.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-7965];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"453\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7819 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-6.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-6-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-6-768x435.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/453;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 6. \u00da\u010dinnost sorpce pro GAU1<br \/>\nFig. 6. Sorption efficiency for GAU1<\/h6>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-7.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-7965];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"441\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7821 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-7.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-7-300x165.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-7-768x423.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/441;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 7. \u00da\u010dinnost sorpce pro GAU2<br \/>\nFig. 7. Sorption efficiency for GAU2<\/h6>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-8.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-7965];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"469\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7823 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-8.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-8.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-8-300x176.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-8-768x450.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/469;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 8. \u00da\u010dinnost sorpce pro GAU3<br \/>\nFig. 8. Sorption efficiency for GAU3<\/h6>\n<p>Uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed experimentu sorp\u010dn\u00edch kolonov\u00fdch test\u016f se uk\u00e1zalo jako vhodn\u00e9 pro stanoven\u00ed sorp\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti GAU. Z v\u00fdsledk\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 velmi vysok\u00e1 sorp\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost u v\u0161ech zkouman\u00fdch typ\u016f GAU pro v\u011bt\u0161inu zkouman\u00fdch pol\u00e1rn\u00edch l\u00e1tek. Nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost sorpce byla prok\u00e1z\u00e1na v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b GAU4, co\u017e je s velkou pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed d\u00e1no velikost\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stic tohoto sorbentu.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-9.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-7965];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"469\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7825 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-9.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-9.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-9-300x176.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-9-768x450.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/469;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 9. \u00da\u010dinnost sorpce pro GAU4<br \/>\nFig. 9. Sorption efficiency for GAU4<\/h6>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-10.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-7965];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"469\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7827 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-10.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-10.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-10-300x176.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-10-768x450.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/469;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 10. \u00da\u010dinnost sorpce pro GAU5<br \/>\nFig. 10. Sorption efficiency for GAU5<\/h6>\n<p>Jeho specifick\u00fd povrch v\u00a0m<sup>2<\/sup>.g<sup>-1<\/sup> je sice mezi testovan\u00fdmi GAU nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ale jeho vyu\u017eitelnost ve vnit\u0159n\u011bj\u0161\u00edch parti\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stic pro sorpci vy\u017eaduje patrn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010das, ne\u017e kter\u00fd byl k\u00a0dispozici v\u00a0proveden\u00e9m experimentu. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou mohou b\u00fdt i\u00a0stereochemick\u00e9 aspekty. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pozornost je pot\u0159eba v\u011bnovat posledn\u00edm t\u0159em l\u00e1tk\u00e1m ze\u00a0seznamu testovan\u00fdch l\u00e1tek: glyfos\u00e1tu, clomazonu, fluroxypyru, jejich\u017e sorp\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost byla zji\u0161t\u011bna nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Sorp\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost glyfos\u00e1tu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ovlivn\u011bna jeho vysokou polaritou. U\u00a0fluroxypyru (v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpravku Bofix) m\u00e1me podez\u0159en\u00ed na jeho nesnadnou rozpustitelnost ve vod\u011b, v\u00fdsledek m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ovlivn\u011bn jeho koncentra\u010dn\u00ed nehomogenitou ve vodn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. V\u00fdsledn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti sorpce jsou vzta\u017een\u00e9 k\u00a0dan\u00e9 vstupn\u00ed koncentraci sledovan\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, z\u00e1vislost \u00fa\u010dinnosti na stupni kontaminace ovliv\u0148uje i\u00a0sorp\u010dn\u00ed kapacita dan\u00e9ho GAU. Pro odhad t\u00e9to kapacity je vhodn\u00fd nap\u0159\u00edklad vs\u00e1dkov\u00fd-m\u00edchan\u00fd laboratorn\u00ed test.<\/p>\n<h3>Modelov\u00e9 testy desorpce<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00fdsledky modelov\u00fdch test\u016f desorpce re\u00e1ln\u00fdch vzork\u016f katalytickou destrukc\u00ed v\u00a0laboratorn\u00edm reaktoru jsou uvedeny v\u00a0<em>tabulce 5<\/em>. Experimenty byly provedeny pro dv\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9 vstupn\u00ed koncentrace rostlinol\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f z\u00edskan\u00fdch z\u00a0kolonov\u00fdch sorp\u010dn\u00edch test\u016f. Koncentra\u010dn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b (dan\u00e9 odezvou sign\u00e1lu chromatografick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy) se pro jednotliv\u00e9 analyty pohybovaly v\u00a0rozsahu a\u017e p\u011bti \u0159\u00e1d\u016f. V\u00a0<em>tabulce 5<\/em> nejsou uvedeny zkouman\u00e9 pesticidn\u00ed l\u00e1tky glyfos\u00e1t, fluroxypyr a\u00a0chloridazon, u\u00a0kter\u00fdch byly po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed koncentrace p\u0159ed proveden\u00edm test\u016f bl\u00edzk\u00e9 limit\u016fm detekce analytick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu LC-MS.<\/p>\n<h5>Tabulka 5. Destruk\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost pro jednotliv\u00e9 druhy GAU<br \/>\nTable 5. Destruction efficiency for five GAUs<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-5.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-7965];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"368\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7839 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-5.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-5-300x138.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-tabulka-5-768x353.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/368;\" \/><\/a>\n<p>Byla ov\u011b\u0159ena vysok\u00e1 destruk\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost testovan\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek u\u00a0v\u0161ech typ\u016f GAU. Desorp\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost dosahovala v\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech hodnot kolem 99 %. Rozd\u00edly destruk\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti mezi testem \u010d. 1 a\u00a0testem \u010d. 2 lze vysv\u011btlit odli\u0161nou vstupn\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed analyt\u016f p\u0159ed desorpc\u00ed. Nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hodnoty destruk\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti 80 a\u017e 90 % byly zji\u0161t\u011bny v\u017edy pouze u\u00a0testu \u010d. 2 v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly relativn\u011b n\u00edzkou po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed koncentraci (p\u0159ed proveden\u00edm testu) bl\u00edzkou limit\u016fm detekce. Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed destruk\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti byly zji\u0161t\u011bny tak\u00e9 v\u00a0testu \u010d. 2 pro GAU4, jeho\u017e zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je provedeno ve form\u011b peletek. Obecn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch destruk\u010dn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed bylo dosa\u017eeno u\u00a0test\u016f \u010d. 1, kde byly vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed koncentrace zkouman\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. Modelov\u00e9 experimenty prok\u00e1zaly schopnost CDC katalytick\u00e9 metody destruovat z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed l\u00e1tky z\u00a0kontaminovan\u00fdch vzork\u016f u\u00a0v\u0161ech GAU s\u00a0vysokou \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed (<em>obr. 11<\/em>).<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-11.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-7965];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7829 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-11.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-11.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-11-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Micanik-2-11-768x432.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/450;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 11. \u00da\u010dinnost destrukce organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek exponovan\u00fdch sorp\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1pln\u00ed CDC metodou<br \/>\nFig. 11. Destruction efficiency of the exposed GAC by CDC method<\/h6>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n<p>Proveden\u00fdmi testy na vybran\u00fdch p\u011bti typech sorp\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1pln\u00ed na b\u00e1zi aktivn\u00edho uhl\u00ed byla zji\u0161t\u011bna vysok\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost sorpce a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 desorpce v\u011bt\u0161iny \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek rostlinol\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek CDC metodou. Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti sorpce a\u00a0desorpce byly ov\u011b\u0159eny v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sorp\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1pln\u011b NORIT\u00ae GAC 1020 EN (GAU4), kter\u00e1 je d\u00e1na tvarovou a\u00a0velikostn\u00ed odli\u0161nost\u00ed oproti ostatn\u00edm typ\u016fm granulovan\u00e9ho aktivn\u00edho uhl\u00ed. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b glyfos\u00e1tu, clomazonu a\u00a0fluroxypyru byla zji\u0161t\u011bna ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed sorp\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost v\u00a0prvn\u00edm a\u00a0druh\u00e9m filtra\u010dn\u00edm cyklu u\u00a0v\u0161ech typ\u016f testovan\u00fdch GAU, ve t\u0159et\u00edm a\u00a0\u010dtvrt\u00e9m cyklu v\u0161ak byla \u00fa\u010dinnost sorpce u\u00a0testovan\u00fdch GAU3 (NORIT GAC 1240 W) a\u00a0GAU5 (AquaSorb 6300) srovnateln\u00e1 s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi testovan\u00fdmi organick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami. Tyto dva posledn\u00ed jmenovan\u00e9 druhy sorp\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1pln\u00ed se tak\u00e9 potvrdily jako nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro sorpci studovan\u00fdch pol\u00e1rn\u00edch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti destrukce exponovan\u00fdch sorp\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1pln\u00ed CDC metodou bylo dosa\u017eeno v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sorbent\u016f GAU5 (AquaSorb 6300), GAU1 (Chemviron Filtrasorb TL830) a\u00a0GAU2 (Chemviron Filtrasorb 400).<\/p>\n<h3>Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p><em>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek byl zpracov\u00e1n v\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu \u201e\u010cist\u00e1 voda\u00a0\u2013 zdrav\u00e9 m\u011bsto: Cizorod\u00e9 l\u00e1tky ve vod\u00e1ch podzemn\u00edch, povrchov\u00fdch a\u00a0odpadn\u00edch\u201c (registra\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo projektu CZ.07.1.02\/<\/em><em>0.0\/0.0\/16_040\/0000378), Koncept I \u201eStudie vnosu pesticid\u016f do vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee \u0160vihov (\u017delivka) s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm nov\u00fdch vzorkovac\u00edch technik a\u00a0odstran\u011bn\u00ed organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek ze sorp\u010dn\u00edch filtr\u016f za ozonizac\u00ed vysoce-\u00fa\u010dinnou chemickou\u00a0destrukc\u00ed\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mi\u010dan\u00edk-seznam-zkratek-2.png\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-7965];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"790\" height=\"454\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7847 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mi\u010dan\u00edk-seznam-zkratek-2.png\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mi\u010dan\u00edk-seznam-zkratek-2.png 790w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mi\u010dan\u00edk-seznam-zkratek-2-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mi\u010dan\u00edk-seznam-zkratek-2-768x441.png 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 790px) 100vw, 790px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 790px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 790\/454;\" \/><\/a>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The contribution presents model tests of sorption efficiency and elimination of organic substances, especially pesticides from five different exposed granular activated carbon (GAC). Results can contribute to the understanding of suitable filter lines for the realized investment project GAC filtration.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":7812,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[89],"tags":[1880,1881,1879,1882,454,1884,1878,1883],"coauthors":[493,1852,1853,1851],"class_list":["post-7965","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water-technology-water-supply-waste-water-treatment","tag-catalytic-destruction-using-copper","tag-dehalogenation-technology","tag-desorption","tag-gac-filtration","tag-pesticides","tag-sorbent-regeneration","tag-sorption","tag-water-reservoir-svihov"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7965","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7965"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7965\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30575,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7965\/revisions\/30575"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7812"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7965"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7965"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7965"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=7965"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}