{"id":7341,"date":"2019-12-16T12:08:10","date_gmt":"2019-12-16T11:08:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=7341"},"modified":"2024-07-17T09:40:11","modified_gmt":"2024-07-17T08:40:11","slug":"expertni-informacni-system-navaroso","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2019\/12\/expertni-informacni-system-navaroso\/","title":{"rendered":"NAVAROSO expert information system"},"content":{"rendered":"

This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

Souhrn<\/h2>\n

P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek pod\u00e1v\u00e1 informaci o\u00a0tvorb\u011b expertn\u00edho informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu NAVAROSO, budovan\u00e9ho pro pot\u0159eby slo\u017eek aktivn\u00edch p\u0159i vzniku havarijn\u00ed situace na vod\u00e1ch. Syst\u00e9m poskytuje k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u011b prov\u00e1zan\u00e9 \u00fadaje, pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro rychl\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o\u00a0mo\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1ch zhor\u0161en\u00ed jakosti vod, postupech k\u00a0ur\u010den\u00ed typu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0odhadu jeho \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ve vodote\u010di. T\u00edm umo\u017en\u00ed zefektivnit ochranu vod jak v\u00a0oblasti mitigace negativn\u00edch vliv\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rychlej\u0161\u00ed detekc\u00ed jeho p\u0159\u00ed\u010din, tak v\u00a0prevenci mo\u017en\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0rychleji dostupnou informac\u00ed o\u00a0jeho potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch zdroj\u00edch v\u00a0povod\u00ed. V\u00a0textu je stru\u010dn\u011b pops\u00e1na jeho stavba, funkce, struktura informac\u00ed, ulo\u017een\u00fdch v\u00a0jeho datab\u00e1zi a\u00a0tak\u00e9 modul, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010det chov\u00e1n\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0toku.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

V\u00a0d\u016fsledku provozn\u00edch hav\u00e1ri\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed relativn\u011b \u010dasto k\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm \u010di v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u00fanik\u016fm toxick\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed povrchov\u00fdch vod. Tato kontaminace recipient\u016f m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt fat\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sledky pro jejich o\u017eiven\u00ed. Tak tomu bylo v\u00a0evropsk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i hav\u00e1ri\u00edch v\u00a0Sandozu v\u00a0Basileji v\u00a0roce 1986 [1, 2], v\u00a0Baia Mare v\u00a0roce 2000 [3, 4] nebo v\u00a0Ajce v\u00a0roce 2010 [5\u20137].<\/p>\n

Sou\u010dasnou bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed situaci rovn\u011b\u017e charakterizuje zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko mo\u017en\u00e9ho zneu\u017eit\u00ed toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek pro teroristick\u00e9 \u010di krimin\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely, a\u00a0to v\u010detn\u011b potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fatok\u016f na zdroje vod. Danou situaci podrobn\u011b charakterizuje dokument Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010cR \u201eKoncepce environment\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti 2016\u20132020 s\u00a0v\u00fdhledem do roku 2030\u201c v\u00a0kapitole 3. Environment\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost v\u00a0\u010cR z\u00a0hlediska zdroj\u016f rizik antropogenn\u00edho p\u016fvodu [8].<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 1. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed datov\u00e9 zdroje pro expertn\u00ed syst\u00e9m
\nFig. 1. Basic data sources for expert system<\/h6>\n

V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b tato rizika zvy\u0161uje je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed faktor. T\u00edm jsou st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji se opakuj\u00edc\u00ed obdob\u00ed sucha, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 vliv na vodnost tok\u016f. Minimalizov\u00e1n je toti\u017e mo\u017en\u00fd zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed vliv na\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 2. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed procesy p\u0159i vy\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016f na syst\u00e9m
\nFig. 2. Basic processes in dealing with system requirements<\/h6>\n

P\u0159\u00edklady v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch hav\u00e1ri\u00ed od roku 1964 uv\u00e1d\u00ed na sv\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch \u010cesk\u00e1 inspekce \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed [9]. Zde je nap\u0159\u00edklad od roku 2010 uvedeno 24 hav\u00e1ri\u00ed tohoto typu. I\u00a0p\u0159es skute\u010dnost, \u017ee k\u00a0havarijn\u00edmu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vod doch\u00e1z\u00ed relativn\u011b \u010dasto, v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice zat\u00edm neexistuje funk\u010dn\u00ed a\u00a0dostate\u010dn\u011b efektivn\u00ed syst\u00e9m v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 detekce p\u0159\u00ed\u010din mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch situac\u00ed vyvolan\u00fdch havarijn\u00edm zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm vod.<\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Syst\u00e9m v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011bl co nejcitliv\u011bji reagovat na zm\u011bnu jakosti vod, zp\u016fsobenou havarijn\u00edm zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm, teroristickou nebo krimin\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed strategie pro sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizika katastrof OSN definuje syst\u00e9m v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed jako sadu postup\u016f pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u010dasn\u00fdch a\u00a0u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch varovn\u00fdch informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 umo\u017en\u00ed jednotlivc\u016fm, komunit\u00e1m a\u00a0instituc\u00edm, ohro\u017een\u00fdm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm, p\u0159ipravit se a\u00a0n\u00e1le\u017eit\u011b jednat v\u00a0\u010dase, dostate\u010dn\u00e9m k\u00a0redukov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kod a\u00a0ztr\u00e1t [10].<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 3. Printscreen p\u0159\u00edkladu k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9ho vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed
\nFig. 3. Printscreen of example of cross-search<\/h6>\n

Problematice syst\u00e9mu v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti havarijn\u00edho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u0159ek se v\u011bnovala \u0159ada autor\u016f, v\u00fd\u010det v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch publikac\u00ed je uveden v\u00a0p\u0159ehledu literatury [11\u201317].<\/p>\n

Obs\u00e1hl\u00fd rozbor metod sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed kvality vod, v\u010detn\u011b metod pou\u017eiteln\u00fdch pro detekci p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f havarijn\u00edho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pod\u00e1v\u00e1 studie, editovan\u00e1 Chapmanovou [18].<\/p>\n

P\u0159ehled, z\u00e1sady v\u00fdstavby, provozov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed (voda, p\u016fda, vzduch) a\u00a0tak\u00e9 v\u00a0oblasti humanit\u00e1rn\u00edch katastrof pod\u00e1v\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci Quansah a\u00a0kol. [19]. V\u00a0obecn\u00e9m z\u00e1v\u011bru t\u00e9to stati je konstatov\u00e1no, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 syst\u00e9m\u016f v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti n\u00e1hl\u00fdch zm\u011bn kvality (tedy i\u00a0pro havarijn\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed) je nedokonal\u00e1 a\u00a0je vysoce \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed vytvo\u0159it pln\u011b integrovan\u00e9 a\u00a0vysoce efektivn\u00ed syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 4. \u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed havarijn\u00edho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed tokem
\nFig. 4. Spreading of accidental pollution by flow<\/h6>\n

Dan\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry tak\u00e9 plat\u00ed pro \u010ceskou republiku. Naposledy byl tento fakt diskutov\u00e1n na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b havarijn\u00edho \u00faniku kyanid\u016f z Draslovky v Kol\u00edn\u011b v roce 2006 [20]. Proto\u017ee se jednalo o hav\u00e1rii s mo\u017en\u00fdm dopadem na povod\u00ed soused\u00edc\u00edho st\u00e1tu, m\u011bla b\u00fdt neprodlen\u011b informov\u00e1na n\u011bmeck\u00e1 strana. Varovn\u00e1 informace v\u0161ak byla odesl\u00e1na a\u017e s dev\u00edtidenn\u00edm zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm. Tato situace se dodnes v\u00fdrazn\u011b nezlep\u0161ila. Lze konstatovat, \u017ee u n\u00e1s zat\u00edm neexistuje funk\u010dn\u00ed a dostate\u010dn\u011b efektivn\u00ed syst\u00e9m v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed pro p\u0159\u00edpady mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch situac\u00ed na vod\u00e1ch zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch jejich zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm. Chyb\u00ed podrobn\u011b propracovan\u00e1 strategie postupu rychl\u00e9 detekce \u00fa\u010dink\u016f hav\u00e1rie na vodn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my i metodiky automatick\u00fdch i n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch ter\u00e9nn\u00edch anal\u00fdz zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na rychl\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00ed p\u016fvodce havarijn\u00edho zhor\u0161en\u00ed stavu vod. Pro n\u00e1pravu t\u00e9to ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed situace byly navr\u017eeny dva v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 projekty, financovan\u00e9 z\u00a0grant\u016f Technologick\u00e9 agentury \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky\u00a0\u2013 projekt V\u00fdvoj n\u00e1stroj\u016f v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0reakce v\u00a0oblasti ochrany povrchov\u00fdch vod (NAVARO), jeho\u017e hlavn\u00edm v\u00fdstupem byla Metodika postupu vyhla\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed havarijn\u00edch stav\u016f na toc\u00edch [21], certifikovan\u00e1 Ministerstvem \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, popisuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1stroje rychl\u00e9 detekce vzniku a\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u010din hav\u00e1ri\u00ed, teroristick\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f \u010di krimin\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dinnosti s\u00a0dopadem na kvalitu povrchov\u00fdch vod (\u0159e\u0161eno v\u00a0letech 2011 a\u017e 2014), a\u00a0navazuj\u00edc\u00ed projekt zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00fdstavbou expertn\u00edho informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu NAVAROSO (\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zah\u00e1jeno v\u00a0roce 2017). Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek pod\u00e1v\u00e1 stru\u010dnou informaci o\u00a0poznatc\u00edch a\u00a0v\u00fdsledc\u00edch z\u00edskan\u00fdch p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed problematiky v\u00fdstavby expertn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Expertn\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my<\/h2>\n

Problematika softwarov\u00e9 podpory (expertn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f) pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed efektivity \u010dinnost\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdskytu mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch situac\u00ed se v\u00fdrazn\u011bji obecn\u011b diskutuje v\u00a0odborn\u00fdch prac\u00edch od\u00a0druh\u00e9 poloviny osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed nap\u0159.\u00a0[22\u201324]. I\u00a0kdy\u017e jsou poznatky, z\u00e1v\u011bry a\u00a0doporu\u010den\u00ed t\u011bchto stat\u00ed poplatn\u00e9 \u00farovni rozvoje komputerizace dan\u00e9 doby, jejich obecn\u00e1 platnost p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Krizov\u00fdm syst\u00e9m\u016fm reakce pro hav\u00e1rie (Emergency Response System for Pollution Accidents) v\u00a0chemick\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch parc\u00edch v\u00a0\u010c\u00edn\u011b se v\u011bnuj\u00ed Duan a\u00a0He [25]. Ti uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed po\u017eadavky na v\u00fdstavbu t\u011bchto syst\u00e9m\u016f (viz tabulku\u00a01<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Tabulka 1. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed po\u017eadavky na v\u00fdstavbu krizov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f reakce
\nTable 1. Basic requirements for the construction of crisis response systems<\/h5>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Podp\u016frn\u00fdm syst\u00e9m\u016fm, kter\u00e9 usnadn\u00ed detekci nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, a\u00a0t\u00edm umo\u017en\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161it efektivitu havarijn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro p\u0159\u00edpady zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed stojat\u00fdch vod, se v\u011bnuj\u00ed Chen a\u00a0kol. [26]. Ti popisuj\u00ed praktick\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s\u00a0u\u017eit\u00edm syt\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd integruje data z\u00edskan\u00e1 z\u00a0on-line monitoringu biologick\u00e9 jakosti vod s\u00a0vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00fdmi matematick\u00fdmi modely pro v\u00fdpo\u010det zm\u011bn jakosti vod. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b z\u00edskan\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed dolo\u017een\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edklady u\u017eit\u00ed na dvou vybran\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch konstatuj\u00ed, \u017ee tento syst\u00e9m p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 informace zkvalit\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1ci havarijn\u00edch slo\u017eek.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 5. Printscreen zp\u011btn\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy pr\u016fb\u011bhu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed
\nFig. 5. Printscreen of reverse analysis of contamination course<\/h6>\n

Rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd rozbor problematiky v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed pro p\u0159\u00edpady havarijn\u00edho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vod pod\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00favodn\u00ed studie Water quality early warning system [27]. Zde je zmi\u0148ov\u00e1na nutnost vytvo\u0159it \u201ez\u00e1kladn\u00ed kucha\u0159ku\u201c (Basic CookBook) \u2013 IT syst\u00e9m, obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed informace a n\u00e1vody pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed havarijn\u00edch situac\u00ed. T\u011bmto pot\u0159eb\u00e1m m\u00e1 pln\u011b vyhovovat datab\u00e1zov\u00fd expertn\u00ed syst\u00e9m NAVAROSO. Ten se m\u00e1 st\u00e1t efektivn\u00edm informa\u010dn\u00edm n\u00e1strojem syst\u00e9mu v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice v oblasti ochrany vod p\u0159ed havarijn\u00edm zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm. Aby toti\u017e mohly slo\u017eky aktivn\u00ed p\u0159i mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch situac\u00edch spojen\u00fdch s\u00a0n\u00e1hl\u00fdm (havarijn\u00edm) sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm biologick\u00e9 jakosti vod \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b reagovat, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vybaveny vhodn\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji pro rychlou indikaci zhor\u0161en\u00ed jakosti vod a\u00a0pro n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na detekci jeho p\u0159\u00ed\u010din. V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b takov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu informac\u00ed v\u00a0dan\u00e9 oblasti, nen\u00ed dostupn\u00fd jak u\u00a0n\u00e1s, tak v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Metoda \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h2>\n

P\u0159i v\u00fdstavb\u011b expertn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu NAVAROSO jsou respektov\u00e1ny z\u00e1sady dan\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161e uv\u00e1d\u011bnou Metodikou postupu vyhla\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed havarijn\u00edch stav\u016f na toc\u00edch [21]. Syst\u00e9m poskytuje k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u011b prov\u00e1zan\u00e9 \u00fadaje pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro rychl\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o\u00a0mo\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1ch zhor\u0161en\u00ed biologick\u00e9 jakosti vod, postupech k\u00a0ur\u010den\u00ed typu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0odhadu jeho \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ve vodote\u010di. Datab\u00e1zov\u00fd syst\u00e9m je dopln\u011bn modulem pro odhad chov\u00e1n\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0recipientu. T\u00edm nov\u011b vyvinut\u00fd expertn\u00ed syst\u00e9m umo\u017e\u0148uje:<\/p>\n

zefektivnit postup rychl\u00e9ho a\u00a0prokazateln\u00e9ho nalezen\u00ed zdroje kontaminace vod (tato funkce m\u00e1 velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam pro prevenci mo\u017en\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed),<\/p>\n

    \n
  • zrychlit a\u00a0zp\u0159esnit odhad m\u00edry kontaminace, a\u00a0t\u00edm umo\u017enit i\u00a0predikci dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvoje hav\u00e1rie,<\/li>\n
  • v\u010dasn\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed po proudu um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed a\u00a0odb\u011bratel\u016f vody,<\/li>\n
  • v\u010dasn\u00e9 spln\u011bn\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch oznamovac\u00edch povinnost\u00ed \u010cR,<\/li>\n
  • poskytnout p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podklady pro v\u010dasn\u00e9 napl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 mitiga\u010dn\u00ed akce.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Komplexn\u00ed expertn\u00ed syst\u00e9m v\u00a0oblasti ochrany vodn\u00edch tok\u016f, kombinuj\u00edc\u00ed statick\u00e1 metadata s\u00a0modelovac\u00edm a\u00a0predik\u010dn\u00edm modulem, kter\u00fd by byl dostupn\u00fd na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ech typech za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s\u00a0p\u0159ipojen\u00edm k\u00a0internetu, nebyl doposud v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed ani u\u00a0n\u00e1s vyzkou\u0161en a\u00a0realizov\u00e1n. Aby bylo minimalizov\u00e1no riziko vytvo\u0159en\u00ed nevhodn\u00e9 struktury poskytovan\u00fdch dat nebo nevhodn\u00fd zp\u016fsob jejich prezentace, byly v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu svol\u00e1v\u00e1ny sch\u016fzky s\u00a0potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi koncov\u00fdmi u\u017eivateli (slo\u017eky IZS, \u010cI\u017dP, vodopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady a\u00a0spr\u00e1vci povod\u00ed), na kter\u00fdch byl diskutov\u00e1n postup prac\u00ed a\u00a0formy v\u00fdstup\u016f \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, aby v\u00fdsledn\u00fd produkt co nejl\u00e9pe odpov\u00eddal jejich pot\u0159eb\u00e1m. Pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n je tak\u00e9 zku\u0161ebn\u00ed provoz expertn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu s\u00a0dobrovolnou \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed vybran\u00fdch koncov\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f.<\/p>\n

    Realizace datab\u00e1ze<\/h3>\n

    Datab\u00e1ze byla fyzicky realizov\u00e1na v\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed datab\u00e1zov\u00e9ho stroje FIREBIRD. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed datov\u00e9 zdroje pro expertn\u00ed syst\u00e9m jsou uvedeny na obr. 1<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    Nad datab\u00e1z\u00ed je vytvo\u0159en informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m z\u00e1kladn\u00edho dotazovac\u00edho a\u00a0servisn\u00edho software, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee poskytnout k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u011b vyhled\u00e1van\u00e9 informace o\u00a0subjektech, zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch a\u00a0toc\u00edch, vhodn\u00fdch postupech vzorkov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0ter\u00e9nn\u00edch anal\u00fdz a\u00a0tak\u00e9 postupech orienta\u010dn\u00edho ur\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010din po\u0161kozen\u00ed ichtyofauny. Procesn\u00ed diagram je zobrazen na obr. 2<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    Syst\u00e9m umo\u017e\u0148uje editaci a\u00a0vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f do datab\u00e1ze. Je schopen pracovat i\u00a0s\u00a0odkazy na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed liter\u00e1rn\u00ed zdroje (texty, odkazy na internetov\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky). Je vytvo\u0159en z\u00e1klad pro hypertextov\u00e9 vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0prim\u00e1rn\u00edch informa\u010dn\u00edch zdroj\u00edch. Dal\u0161\u00ed funkc\u00ed je projekce ulo\u017een\u00fdch metadat do re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed digitalizovan\u00fdch map, co\u017e usnad\u0148uje orientaci v\u00a0ter\u00e9nu slo\u017ek\u00e1m aktivn\u00edm p\u0159i mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch situac\u00edch na toc\u00edch. U\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed syst\u00e9mu je realizov\u00e1no v\u00a0programovac\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed Embarcadero Delphi XE10 a\u00a0HTML Builder 5.<\/p>\n

    V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b datab\u00e1ze disponuje \u00fadaji o\u00a0potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u00edch (v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti \u00fadaji o\u00a0400 l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch u\u00a0200 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u016f v\u00a0d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch povod\u00edch \u010cR).<\/p>\n

    Pro tyto pot\u0159eby byl jako v\u00fdchoz\u00ed podklad pou\u017eit P\u0159ehled v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek v\u00a0povod\u00edch podle kraj\u016f vypracovan\u00fd V\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm \u00fastavem vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm T. G. Masaryka, v. v. i., verze z\u00a0roku 2018 [28]. Tento p\u0159ehled uv\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatele, \u00fadaje o\u00a0relevantn\u00edch polutantech, v\u010detn\u011b informac\u00ed o\u00a0jejich ekotoxicit\u011b. \u00dadaje o\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ovatel\u00edch jsme doplnili specifikac\u00ed jejich polohy v\u00a0povod\u00ed pomoc\u00ed GPS sou\u0159adnic. Dal\u0161\u00edm zdrojem informac\u00ed je Integrovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m pln\u011bn\u00ed ohla\u0161ovac\u00edch povinnost\u00ed (ISPOP), datab\u00e1ze provozovan\u00e1 \u010ceskou agenturou \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed (CENIA) na z\u00e1klad\u011b pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010cR. Validaci dat zajistily p\u0159i po\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 instituce. I\u00a0p\u0159es tuto skute\u010dnost jsme provedli ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed existence a\u00a0aktivity firem v\u00a0datab\u00e1zi ulo\u017een\u00fdch. Dal\u0161\u00ed aktualizace je pl\u00e1nov\u00e1na hlavn\u011b ze zdroj\u016f ISPOP, vy\u017e\u00e1dan\u00fdch u\u00a0CENIA. Printscreen p\u0159\u00edkladu k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9ho vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je uveden na obr. 3<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    Dal\u0161\u00edmi zdroji informac\u00ed, dostupn\u00fdch pou\u017eit\u00edm expertn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, jsou Metodika postupu vyhla\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed havarijn\u00edch stav\u016f na toc\u00edch [20], vzory protokol\u016f pro z\u00e1znam o\u00a0hav\u00e1rii a\u00a0pro odb\u011br vzork\u016f, p\u0159ehled metod anal\u00fdz, vhodn\u00fdch pro ter\u00e9nn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed, Metodick\u00fd postup vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed havarijn\u00edch \u00fahyn\u016f ryb [29] a\u00a0Kl\u00ed\u010d projev\u016f otrav ryb, obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed ekotoxikologick\u00e9 informace a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e9 studie pro vybran\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny po\u0161kozen\u00ed ichtyofauny recipientu.<\/p>\n

    Dostupnost z\u00e1kladn\u00edch funkc\u00ed syst\u00e9mu v\u00a0ter\u00e9nu zaji\u0161\u0165uje internetov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lze pou\u017e\u00edt na libovoln\u00e9m mobiln\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se zabudovan\u00fdm internetov\u00fdm prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010dem a\u00a0datov\u00fdm p\u0159ipojen\u00edm.<\/p>\n

    Matematick\u00fd modul<\/h3>\n

    P\u016fvodn\u00edm z\u00e1m\u011brem v\u00a0n\u00e1vrhu projektu NAVAROSO bylo dopln\u011bn\u00ed expertn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu modulem pro v\u00fdpo\u010det polohy mo\u017en\u00e9ho zdroje zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0hrub\u00fd odhad \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed tohoto zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed tokem z\u00a0\u00fadaj\u016f kontinu\u00e1ln\u00edho monitoringu biologick\u00e9 jakosti vod. Modelov\u011b m\u011bly b\u00fdt tyto odhady prov\u00e1d\u011bny na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdstup\u016f kontinu\u00e1ln\u00edho monitoringu jakosti povrchov\u00fdch vod z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch na dvou vybran\u00fdch \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch profilech. Podnik Povod\u00ed Odry, na jeho\u017e stanic\u00edch byly p\u0159\u00edstroje um\u00edst\u011bny, v\u0161ak neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u011b vypov\u011bd\u011bl spolupr\u00e1ci v\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti a\u00a0dan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje musely b\u00fdt na jeho \u017e\u00e1dost ze stanic odstran\u011bny. Proto\u017ee v\u0161ak zejm\u00e9na z\u00e1stupci hasi\u010dsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho sboru pova\u017euj\u00ed informace o\u00a0\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0toku za velmi pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed efektivity sv\u00e9 \u010dinnosti v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b havarijn\u00edho z\u00e1sahu, byly p\u016fvodn\u011b pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce na modulu pro v\u00fdpo\u010det \u00fa\u010delov\u011b modifikov\u00e1ny. Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bna spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0tom, \u017ee model bude mo\u017eno pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho havarijn\u00edho stavu na libovoln\u00e9m \u00faseku vodn\u00edho toku oproti p\u016fvodn\u00edmu z\u00e1m\u011bru, kter\u00fd byl zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd pouze na zp\u011btnou anal\u00fdzu hav\u00e1rie na z\u00e1klad\u011b z\u00e1znamu v\u00a0m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed stanici. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 byl p\u016fvodn\u00ed model, koncipovan\u00fd pouze pro hav\u00e1rie zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 rozpustn\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en o\u00a0simulaci \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ropn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v\u00a0toku, vzhledem k\u00a0tomu \u017ee p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st hav\u00e1ri\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 zp\u016fsobena t\u011bmito l\u00e1tkami. Printscreen na obr. 4<\/em> ukazuje v\u00fdpo\u010det postupu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0toku. Printscreen uveden\u00fd na obr. 5<\/em> ukazuje zp\u011btnou anal\u00fdzu pr\u016fb\u011bhu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

    NAVAROSO je expertn\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd kombinuje statick\u00e1 metadata s\u00a0modelovac\u00edm a\u00a0predik\u010dn\u00edm modulem. T\u00edm poskytuje vysoce komplexn\u00ed informace, vyu\u017eiteln\u00e9 p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch situac\u00ed, spojen\u00fdch s\u00a0havarijn\u00edm zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm vod. Pro slo\u017eky aktivn\u00ed p\u0159i havarijn\u00edch z\u00e1saz\u00edch (slo\u017eky IZS, \u010cI\u017dP, vodopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady a\u00a0spr\u00e1vci povod\u00ed) bude dostupn\u00fd t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na v\u0161ech typech za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s\u00a0p\u0159ipojen\u00edm k\u00a0internetu, tedy jak v\u00a0\u0159\u00eddic\u00edch centrech z\u00e1sahu, tak p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00a0ter\u00e9nu (m\u00edst\u011b z\u00e1sahu). T\u00edm se st\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1strojem, kter\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u011b zvy\u0161uje efektivitu \u010dinnosti v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch slo\u017eek. Tento n\u00e1zor se op\u00edr\u00e1 o\u00a0vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00fdch koncov\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f.<\/p>\n

    Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n

    V\u00a0textu prezentovan\u00e9 poznatky a\u00a0v\u00fdsledky byly z\u00edsk\u00e1ny v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu Expertn\u00ed syst\u00e9m NAVAROSO (eviden\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo projektu TH02030142), financovan\u00e9ho Technologickou agenturou \u010cR.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek pod\u00e1v\u00e1 informaci o tvorb\u011b expertn\u00edho informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu NAVAROSO, budovan\u00e9ho pro pot\u0159eby slo\u017eek aktivn\u00edch p\u0159i vzniku havarijn\u00ed situace na vod\u00e1ch. Syst\u00e9m poskytuje k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u011b prov\u00e1zan\u00e9 \u00fadaje, pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro rychl\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o mo\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1ch zhor\u0161en\u00ed jakosti vod, postupech k ur\u010den\u00ed typu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a odhadu jeho \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ve vodote\u010di.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":7151,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[1750,1155,1749,1748],"coauthors":[1735,1736],"class_list":["post-7341","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-informatics-cartography-in-water-management","tag-expertni-havarijni-informacni-system","tag-havarijni-znecisteni","tag-kriminalni-cinnost-zamerena-na-vodni-zdroje","tag-teroristicke-utoky-na-vodni-zdroje"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7341","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7341"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7341\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30557,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7341\/revisions\/30557"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7151"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7341"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7341"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7341"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=7341"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}