{"id":6937,"date":"2019-10-15T10:32:24","date_gmt":"2019-10-15T09:32:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=6937"},"modified":"2024-07-16T16:10:11","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T15:10:11","slug":"nejvetsi-povodne-za-100-let","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2019\/10\/nejvetsi-povodne-za-100-let\/","title":{"rendered":"The biggest floods in 100 years"},"content":{"rendered":"

This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

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Povode\u0148 1925<\/h2>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

V\u00a0noci ze dne 11. na 12. srpna byl posti\u017een \u00fazk\u00fd pruh \u010cech od prameni\u0161\u0165 Otavy a\u00a0\u00dahlavy p\u0159es Brdy k\u00a0\u0160luknovsk\u00e9mu v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eku v\u011btrnou bou\u0159\u00ed a\u00a0katastrof\u00e1ln\u00edm lij\u00e1kem o\u00a0trv\u00e1n\u00ed asi 1 hodiny. Na men\u0161\u00edch toc\u00edch vznikly povod\u0148ov\u00e9 katastrofy p\u0159ekvapuj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fd\u0161ek, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobily \u0161kody na pol\u00edch a\u00a0na majetku domovn\u00edm; \u0159ada most\u016f byla pobo\u0159ena a\u00a0str\u017eena, \u00fapravn\u00ed a\u00a0zahrazovac\u00ed stavby zni\u010deny, \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed koryta zavalena \u0161t\u011brkem, i\u00a0\u017eivoty lidsk\u00e9 padly za ob\u011b\u0165.<\/p>\n

Sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost byla zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 velikost\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed souvisle zasa\u017een\u00e9ho intenzivn\u00ed 1h sr\u00e1\u017ekou p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed 30 mm, kter\u00e1 \u010dinila 11 039 km2<\/sup> (22 % povod\u00ed Labe na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR). Stanice Ln\u00e1\u0159e nam\u011b\u0159ila absolutn\u00ed maximum sr\u00e1\u017eek toho dne v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch spadl\u00fdch (132 mm). \u0160t\u011bst\u00edm bylo, \u017ee intenzivn\u00edm de\u0161t\u011bm byly zasa\u017eeny nesouvisl\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed mnoha vodn\u00edch tok\u016f na rozd\u00edl od podobn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti v\u00a0kv\u011btnu 1872, kdy bylo zasa\u017eeno t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00e9 povod\u00ed Berounky a\u00a0jej\u00ed pr\u016ftok p\u0159es\u00e1hl hodnotu tis\u00edcilet\u00e9 vody. Vyhodnocen\u00ed de\u0161t\u011b a\u00a0povodn\u011b zpracoval a\u00a0vydal tehdej\u0161\u00ed St\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fastav hydrologick\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Povode\u0148 1940<\/h2>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Po tuh\u00e9 a\u00a0sn\u011b\u017en\u00e9 zim\u011b p\u0159i\u0161la v\u00a0b\u0159eznu z\u00a0hlediska extremity v\u00a0d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch profilech povod\u00ed Vltavy a\u00a0Labe nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zimn\u00ed povode\u0148 20. stolet\u00ed. Vltava byla pokryta vrstvou ledu m\u00edsty p\u0159es 1 m silnou. P\u0159ed polovinou b\u0159ezna se n\u00e1hle prudce oteplilo. Spousty le\u017e\u00edc\u00edho sn\u011bhu t\u00e1ly, ledy se bortily a\u00a0za\u010daly odplouvat. Nastal jev zvan\u00fd d\u0159enice, kdy se obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed ledov\u00fdch ker val\u00ed korytem i\u00a0po b\u0159ez\u00edch a\u00a0berou s\u00a0sebou v\u0161e, co jim stoj\u00ed v\u00a0cest\u011b. Masy ledu byly vyvr\u017eeny na b\u0159eh, kde vytvo\u0159ily vrstvy o\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161ce n\u011bkolika metr\u016f, kter\u00e9 pak t\u00e1ly n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Hromad\u011bn\u00ed led\u016f v\u00a0z\u00fa\u017een\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech koryt nebo u\u00a0p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek zp\u016fsobovalo vzdut\u00ed hladiny. Ve \u0160t\u011bchovic\u00edch vystoupila hladina Vltavy vlivem ledov\u00fdch bari\u00e9r o\u00a09 m. Kulmina\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016ftok Vltavy v\u00a0Praze byl vyhodnocen na 3 245 m3<\/sup>\/s.<\/p>\n

Povode\u0148 1954<\/h2>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Letn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00e9 de\u0161t\u011b zp\u016fsobily po\u010d\u00e1tkem \u010dervence\u00a01954\u00a0povode\u0148 v\u00a0povod\u00ed \u0159eky\u00a0Vltavy a\u00a0Oh\u0159e. V\u00a0povod\u00ed\u00a0Otavy\u00a0se jednalo o\u00a0stoletou vodu a\u00a0\u0159eka zaplavila zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st m\u011bsta\u00a0P\u00edsek. D\u00e1le po proudu Vltavy byla povod\u0148ov\u00e1 vlna zmen\u0161ena pr\u00e1v\u011b dokon\u010dovanou\u00a0vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed Slapy.<\/p>\n

Napou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Slapsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady prob\u011bhlo zcela netypicky. D\u00edky povodni byla toti\u017e n\u00e1dr\u017e pln\u00e1 b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika dn\u00ed. Stavba nebyla je\u0161t\u011b zcela dokon\u010dena, t\u0159i hrad\u00edc\u00ed segmenty nebyly osazeny v\u016fbec a\u00a0na 1. poli prob\u00edhala mont\u00e1\u017e. Ji\u017e prob\u00edhalo pozvoln\u00e9 napou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, ale voln\u00fd objem zadr\u017eel 90 mil. m3<\/sup> vody. P\u0159\u00edtok z\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee Kam\u00fdk v\u00a0hodnot\u011b 1 960 m3<\/sup>\/s\u00a0byl sn\u00ed\u017een na odtok ze Slap 1 345 m3<\/sup>\/s\u00a0a\u00a0vrchol povodn\u011b byl zpo\u017ed\u011bn p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o\u00a012 hodin. V\u00a0Praze\u00a0kulminovala Vltava 10. 7. p\u0159i pr\u016ftoku 2 275\u00a0m3<\/sup>\/s. V\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b mo\u017en\u00e1 vznikl nepravdiv\u00fd m\u00fdtus, \u017ee Vltavsk\u00e1 kask\u00e1da m\u016f\u017ee Prahu ochr\u00e1nit i\u00a0p\u0159ed velk\u00fdmi povodn\u011bmi. \u017de tomu tak nen\u00ed, uk\u00e1zala studie A.\u00a0Bratr\u00e1nka z\u00a0V\u00daV TGM ji\u017e p\u0159ed v\u00fdstavbou kask\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n

Na \u0159ece Oh\u0159i byl kulmina\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016ftok 630 m3<\/sup>\/s\u00a0v\u00a0profilu Kada\u0148 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech letn\u00edch povodn\u00ed od roku 1880 do sou\u010dasnosti.<\/p>\n

Povode\u0148 1981<\/h2>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Od 17. 7. na \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed Berounky bez p\u0159est\u00e1vky okolo 63 hodin pr\u0161elo, nejv\u00edce 19. 7. s\u00a0jednodenn\u00edmi \u00fahrny i\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 mm. A\u010dkoli p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed obdob\u00ed bylo such\u00e9 a\u00a0intenzita de\u0161t\u011b nebyla extr\u00e9mn\u00ed, vznikla region\u00e1ln\u00ed povode\u0148, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e kulminace nastaly ji\u017e 20. 7. Na \u00dahlav\u011b byla podstatn\u011b redukov\u00e1na vodn\u00edm d\u00edlem N\u00fdrsko. \u00daslava dos\u00e1hla kulmina\u010dn\u00edho pr\u016ftoku 270 m3<\/sup>\/s\u00a0s\u00a0dobou opakov\u00e1n\u00ed 200\u2013300 let. Na Klabav\u011b byla povode\u0148 srovnateln\u00e9 doby opakov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b transformov\u00e1na vodn\u00edm d\u00edlem Klabava. Na Litavce ve vodom\u011brn\u00e9 stanici Kr\u00e1l\u016fv Dv\u016fr byl kulmina\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016ftok 322 m3<\/sup>\/s\u00a0s\u00a0dobou opakov\u00e1n\u00ed 200 let. K\u00a0z\u00e1plav\u00e1m do\u0161lo i\u00a0 v\u00a0Beroun\u011b (t\u0159et\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vodn\u00ed stav v\u00a0historii) a\u00a0na doln\u00edm toku Berounky. P\u0159i zam\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fto\u010dn\u00fdch profil\u016f po povodni byly nalezeny zna\u010dky hladiny povodn\u011b z\u00a0roku 1872 le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed podstatn\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e ne\u017e hladina 1981, n\u00e1sledoval pr\u016fzkum t\u00e9to historick\u00e9 povodn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Povode\u0148 1987<\/h2>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed J\u00edlovsk\u00e9ho potoka (p\u0159\u00edtok Labe v\u00a0D\u011b\u010d\u00edn\u011b) a\u00a0Ol\u0161ov\u00e9ho potoka (odt\u00e9k\u00e1 do N\u011bmecka) byly 1. 7. zasa\u017eeny extr\u00e9mn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edvalovou sr\u00e1\u017ekou, v\u00a0centru 190\u00a0mm za 90 minut. Na povod\u00ed nastal povrchov\u00fd odtok ze v\u0161ech typ\u016f vegeta\u010dn\u00edho pokryvu. Pro profil \u0161t\u011brkov\u00e9 p\u0159ehr\u00e1\u017eky v\u00a0Martin\u011bvsi na J\u00edlovsk\u00e9m potoce (plocha povod\u00ed 55 km2<\/sup>) byl rekonstruov\u00e1n pr\u016fb\u011bh pr\u016ftok\u016f, maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016ftok byl 139 m3<\/sup>\/s. Pracovn\u00edky V\u00daV TGM a\u00a0\u010cHM\u00da byly zam\u011b\u0159eny profily tok\u016f a\u00a0vyhodnoceny pr\u016ftoky v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch profilech, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed specifick\u00e9 pr\u016ftoky na mal\u00fdch povod\u00edch p\u0159esahovaly 15\u00a0m3<\/sup>\/s\/km2<\/sup>. Odtok z\u00a0povod\u00ed prob\u00edhal nejen plo\u0161n\u011b, drahami soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9ho odtoku, korytem, ale i\u00a0mnoha dal\u0161\u00edmi drahami odbo\u010duj\u00edc\u00edmi z\u00a0koryta. Povode\u0148 zp\u016fsobila rozs\u00e1hlou erozi koryta i\u00a0erozn\u00ed r\u00fdhy v\u00a0okol\u00ed a\u017e do hloubky 1 m a\u00a0odhalen\u00ed skaln\u00edho podkladu pod dnem rybn\u00edka, kter\u00fd byl protr\u017een.<\/p>\n

Pozoruhodn\u00e9 je, \u017ee v\u00a0povod\u00ed J\u00edlovsk\u00e9ho potoka jsou mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b velmi \u010dast\u00e9, extr\u00e9mn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00e9 povodn\u011b prob\u011bhly i\u00a0v\u00a0letech 1897, 1927 a\u00a01979. V\u00fdsledky vyhodnocen\u00ed povodn\u011b jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny p\u0159i odvozov\u00e1n\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00edch n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch povodn\u00ed na mal\u00fdch povod\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Povode\u0148 1997<\/h2>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Region\u00e1ln\u00ed povode\u0148 zp\u016fsobily plo\u0161n\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 a\u017e 5denn\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eky od 4. do 9. 7. Maxima \u00fahrn\u016f za toto obdob\u00ed dos\u00e1hly 586 mm na Lys\u00e9 ho\u0159e, 454 mm na Prad\u011bdu, v\u00a0Peci pod Sn\u011b\u017ekou 235 mm. Na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed Moravy byl sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fd \u00fahrn nad 100 mm, na severn\u00ed Morav\u011b a\u00a0ve Slezsku nad 200 mm. D\u016fsledkem t\u011bchto sr\u00e1\u017eek byly rychl\u00e9 horsk\u00e9 povodn\u011b i\u00a0rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 z\u00e1plavy v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017ein\u00e1ch a\u017e n\u011bkolik kilometr\u016f \u0161irok\u00e9. Kulmina\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016ftoky p\u0159ekro\u010dily dobu opakov\u00e1n\u00ed 100 let na B\u011bl\u00e9, Od\u0159e, Opav\u011b, Opavici a\u00a0Ostravici, Desn\u00e9, T\u0159eb\u016fvce, Ro\u017enovsk\u00e9 Be\u010dv\u011b a\u00a0cel\u00e9m toku Moravy. V\u00a0povod\u00ed Labe bylo dosa\u017eeno \u00farovn\u011b 100let\u00fdch pr\u016ftok\u016f v\u00a0profilu VD Labsk\u00e1, na Tich\u00e9 Orlici a\u00a0na T\u0159ebovce.<\/p>\n

Zakr\u00e1tko n\u00e1sledovala druh\u00e1 slab\u0161\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e1 epizoda 17. a\u017e 21. 7. na stejn\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed. Op\u011btovn\u00fd vzestup pr\u016ftok\u016f prodlou\u017eil trv\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1plav na doln\u00edm toku Moravy na t\u0159i t\u00fddny bez p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Velk\u00e9 rozlivy p\u0159isp\u011bly ke zmen\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed kulmina\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016ftok\u016f sm\u011brem dol\u016f po toc\u00edch. Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rozsah z\u00e1plav odpov\u00edd\u00e1 plo\u0161e s\u00a0v\u00fdskytem fluvizem\u00ed, co\u017e dokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee se v\u00a0historii ji\u017e obdobn\u00e9 z\u00e1plavy vyskytly. K\u00a0transformaci povod\u0148ov\u00fdch vln p\u0159isp\u011bly tak\u00e9 vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee, zejm\u00e9na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b dokon\u010dovan\u00e1 Slezsk\u00e1 Harta a\u00a0\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd V\u00edr, d\u00e1le Labsk\u00e1, Les Kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, \u0160ance, Mor\u00e1vka, \u017dermanice a\u00a0Luha\u010dovice.<\/p>\n

Na vyhodnocen\u00ed t\u00e9to povodn\u011b spolupracoval V\u00daV TGM. Hav\u00e1rie \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edch most\u016f byly podn\u011btem pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u00fakolu, kter\u00fd p\u0159isp\u011bl k\u00a0tomu, aby opevn\u011bn\u00ed dna toku u\u00a0most\u016f zajistilo v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed odolnost v\u016f\u010di podemlet\u00ed pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f.<\/p>\n

Povode\u0148 1998<\/h2>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

B\u011bhem pozdn\u00edch hodin z\u00a022. na 23. 7. zas\u00e1hly horn\u00ed povod\u00ed B\u011bl\u00e9 a\u00a0D\u011bdiny extr\u00e9mn\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eky p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00e9ho charakteru. Studen\u00e1 fronta doprov\u00e1zen\u00e1 bou\u0159kami postupuj\u00edc\u00ed k\u00a0severov\u00fdchodu se nad Orlick\u00fdmi horami t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zastavila, v\u00a0d\u016fsledku toho bou\u0159kov\u00e1 \u010dinnost trvala nad stejn\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm a\u017e 12 hodin. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fd \u00fahrn 204 mm byl zaznamen\u00e1n v\u00a0De\u0161tn\u00e9m v\u00a0Orlick\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch. Sr\u00e1\u017eka na povod\u00ed D\u011bdiny po profil Ch\u00e1bory o\u00a0plo\u0161e povod\u00ed 75 km2<\/sup> byla 162 mm.<\/p>\n

Odtokov\u00e1 odezva byla nejdramati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0povod\u00ed D\u011bdiny. Ni\u010div\u00e1 s\u00edla proud\u00edc\u00ed vody byla umocn\u011bna pr\u016flomov\u00fdmi vlnami zp\u016fsoben\u00fdmi destrukc\u00ed ucpan\u00fdch most\u016f, mostk\u016f a\u00a0propustk\u016f. Kulmina\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016ftok D\u011bdiny v\u00a0Ch\u00e1borech 270 m\u00b3\/s\u00a0p\u0159es\u00e1hl hodnotu tis\u00edcilet\u00e9ho pr\u016ftoku. Pod obc\u00ed Ch\u00e1bory do\u0161lo k\u00a0\u0161irok\u00fdm rozliv\u016fm a\u00a0transformaci povod\u0148ov\u00e9 vlny. D\u011bdina v\u00a0Mitrov\u011b m\u011bla kulmina\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016ftok ji\u017e \u201ejen\u201c 116 m\u00b3\/s, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e byla v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159ekro\u010dena hodnota 100let\u00e9ho pr\u016ftoku. Ni\u010div\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh m\u011bla povode\u0148 i\u00a0na horn\u00edm toku \u0159\u00ed\u010dky B\u011bl\u00e9. Pr\u016ftok v\u00a0Kvasinech 129 m\u00b3\/s\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159ekro\u010dil hodnotu 100let\u00e9ho pr\u016ftoku.<\/p>\n

Na zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0hydraulick\u00e9m vyhodnocen\u00ed pr\u016ftok\u016f t\u00e9to povodn\u011b a\u00a0na n\u00e1vrhu n\u00e1dr\u017ee M\u011bl\u010dany na D\u011bdin\u011b se pod\u00edlel V\u00daV TGM, dosud v\u0161ak nebyla ani jako such\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e realizov\u00e1na.<\/p>\n

Povode\u0148 2002<\/h2>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Tato region\u00e1ln\u00ed povode\u0148 je svou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou, extremitou a\u00a0rozsahem srovnateln\u00e1 pouze s\u00a0povodn\u011bmi z\u00a0let 1890 a\u00a01997. Povode\u0148 v\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1890 zas\u00e1hla p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed povod\u00ed Vltavy, byla ov\u0161em o\u00a0n\u011bco men\u0161\u00ed. Povode\u0148 v\u00a0\u010dervenci 1997 v\u00a0povod\u00ed Odry a\u00a0Moravy m\u011bla obdobn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh a\u00a0rozlivy tak\u00e9 dos\u00e1hly maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho rozsahu zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho z\u00a0historie (posledn\u00edch 8000 let).<\/p>\n

Vytrval\u00e9 siln\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky 6. a\u017e 8. 8. s\u00a0\u00fahrnem i\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 mm naplnily v\u011bt\u0161inu jiho\u010desk\u00fdch \u0159ek. Ji\u017e 8. srpna na n\u011bkter\u00fdch toc\u00edch kulmina\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016ftoky dos\u00e1hly 50let\u00e9 doby opakov\u00e1n\u00ed. Vltava v\u00a0Praze dos\u00e1hla 9. 8. pr\u016ftoku 1\u00a0500 m\u00b3\/s\u00a0a\u00a0za\u010dala klesat. Dal\u0161\u00ed vydatn\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky spadly 11. a\u017e 13. 8. zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0ji\u017en\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch, ale tak\u00e9 v\u00a0Kru\u0161n\u00fdch a\u00a0Jizersk\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch. Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fahrny p\u0159es\u00e1hly 300 mm, na \u00fazem\u00ed Jiho\u010desk\u00e9ho kraje byla pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 sr\u00e1\u017eka 130 mm. Tyto sr\u00e1\u017eky byly mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 jak velikost\u00ed zasa\u017een\u00e9 plochy, tak svoj\u00ed intenzitou a\u00a0trv\u00e1n\u00edm, zejm\u00e9na v\u0161ak kombinac\u00ed v\u0161ech uveden\u00fdch faktor\u016f. Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed hydrologick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky je\u0161t\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161il v\u00fdskyt sr\u00e1\u017eek ve dvou vln\u00e1ch v\u00a0rozp\u011bt\u00ed n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo dn\u016f na prakticky stejn\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0t\u00fddnu od 12. do 18. 8. tak \u010d\u00e1st \u010cech postihla p\u011btisetlet\u00e1 a\u017e tis\u00edcilet\u00e1 povode\u0148. Nejv\u00edce byla posti\u017eena Vltava a\u00a0jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtoky, pozd\u011bji doln\u00ed tok Labe a\u00a0tak\u00e9 toky v\u00a0povod\u00ed Oh\u0159e a\u00a0v\u00a0povod\u00ed Dyje. Vltava v\u00a0Praze kulminovala 14. 8. pr\u016ftokem 5 160 m\u00b3\/s, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 dob\u011b opakov\u00e1n\u00ed 500 let.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1dr\u017ee Vltavsk\u00e9 kask\u00e1dy zachytily pom\u011brn\u011b velkou \u010d\u00e1st povod\u0148ov\u00e9 vlny z\u00a0prvn\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e9 epizody, kulmina\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016ftok druh\u00e9 vlny n\u00e1dr\u017e Orl\u00edk zmen\u0161ila o\u00a0cca 15\u00a0%. K\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmu, srovnateln\u00e9mu zplo\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed povod\u0148ov\u00e9 vlny do\u0161lo v\u00a0d\u016fsledku rozliv\u016f v\u00a0oblasti soutoku Labe a\u00a0Vltavy a\u00a0u\u00a0Terez\u00edna. V\u00a0H\u0159ensku Labe kulminovalo 16. 8. pr\u016ftokem 4 780 m\u00b3\/s.<\/p>\n

Vyhodnocen\u00ed povodn\u011b koordinoval V\u00daV TGM. Jeho sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed byl n\u00e1vrh syst\u00e9mu prevence p\u0159ed povodn\u011bmi, kter\u00fd nasm\u011broval dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj n\u00e1vrh\u016f a\u00a0postupn\u00e9 realizace legislativn\u00edch, organiza\u010dn\u00edch a\u00a0rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch technick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Povode\u0148 2006<\/h2>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Ke\u00a0vzniku jarn\u00ed povodn\u011b 2006 vedla kombinace dlouhodob\u00e9ho nahromad\u011bn\u00ed sn\u011bhov\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvky a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho prudk\u00e9ho oteplen\u00ed a\u00a0de\u0161\u0165ov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobily velmi rychl\u00e9 t\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u011bhov\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvky p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch a\u00a0st\u0159edn\u00edch poloh\u00e1ch. Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed byly sr\u00e1\u017eky 28. b\u0159ezna dosahuj\u00edc\u00ed hodnot kolem 30 mm, kter\u00e9 zas\u00e1hly zejm\u00e9na \u010ceskomoravskou vrchovinu, Jiho\u010desk\u00e9 p\u00e1nve a\u00a0Brdy. Sn\u011bhov\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka dosahuj\u00edc\u00ed na \u010ceskomoravsk\u00e9 vrchovin\u011b a\u017e 300 mm vodn\u00ed hodnoty sn\u011bhu rozt\u00e1la b\u011bhem jednoho t\u00fddne. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed extremity dos\u00e1hly kulmina\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016ftoky na toc\u00edch Dyje, Morava, Lu\u017enice, S\u00e1zava a\u00a0jejich p\u0159\u00edtoc\u00edch. Jarn\u00ed povode\u0148 2006 byla v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 nejen z\u00a0hlediska velikosti kulmina\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016ftok\u016f, ale zejm\u00e9na co do objem\u016f povod\u0148ov\u00fdch vln. Ty byly nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0povod\u00edch s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdmi v\u00fd\u0161kami a\u00a0velk\u00fdmi sn\u011bhov\u00fdmi z\u00e1sobami, kter\u00e9 odt\u00e1valy pomaleji (nap\u0159. povod\u00ed Ol\u0161e v\u00a0Beskydech). Vyhodnocen\u00edm povodn\u011b byl pov\u011b\u0159en V\u00daV TGM.<\/p>\n

Povode\u0148 2013<\/h2>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Podobn\u011b jako v\u00a0roce 2002 postihly na\u0161e \u00fazem\u00ed vydatn\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky v\u00a0n\u011bkolika vln\u00e1ch. Tentokr\u00e1t byla ale nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prvn\u00ed vlna, kter\u00e1 na p\u0159elomu kv\u011btna a\u00a0\u010dervna zas\u00e1hla p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017enou \u010d\u00e1st \u010cech a\u00a0v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech byla zes\u00edlena lok\u00e1ln\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdmi sr\u00e1\u017ekami. Jednodenn\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e9 \u00fahrny p\u0159es\u00e1hly 100 mm a\u00a0p\u011btidenn\u00ed \u00fahrny p\u0159esahovaly 180 mm. Odtokov\u00e1 odezva byla mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b rychl\u00e1 vzhledem k\u00a0vysok\u00e9mu p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmu nasycen\u00ed p\u016fdy vodou. Doba opakov\u00e1n\u00ed kulmina\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016ftok\u016f p\u0159es\u00e1hla 100 let na toc\u00edch: \u010cist\u00e1, Mrlina, V\u00fdrovka, Blanice, Chot\u00fd\u0161anka, doln\u00ed Lu\u017enice, Mastn\u00edk, Koc\u00e1ba a\u00a0Boti\u010d. Drobn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtoky Vltavy v\u00a0Praze (zejm\u00e9na Rokytka a\u00a0Boti\u010d) kulminovaly ji\u017e 2. 6. a\u00a0zaplavily bez v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159adu nemovitost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kulmina\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016ftoky byly zna\u010dn\u011b zmen\u0161eny vodn\u00edmi n\u00e1dr\u017eemi, zejm\u00e9na Lipno (o\u00a064 %), N\u00fdrsko (73 %), \u0160vihov (52 %), Se\u010d (53 %), \u00dajezd (60 %). N\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed Orl\u00edk byl kulmina\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016ftok sn\u00ed\u017een o\u00a010 % a\u00a0odd\u00e1len o\u00a018 hodin. P\u0159esto do\u0161lo v\u00a0Praze ke st\u0159etu vrchol\u016f povod\u0148ov\u00fdch vln z\u00a0Vltavy a\u00a0z\u00a0Berounky. Vltava v\u00a0Praze kulminovala 4. 6. pr\u016ftokem 3 040 m3<\/sup>\/s.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu povodn\u00ed se pozitivn\u011b projevila protipovod\u0148ov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed. V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech byly za povodn\u011b p\u0159ekro\u010deny n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9 parametry a\u00a0do\u0161lo k\u00a0p\u0159elit\u00ed (nap\u0159. Ho\u0159\u00edn, K\u0159e\u0161ice, \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek je komplikac\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch povodn\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, kter\u00e9 se ud\u00e1ly za uplynul\u00fdch sto let, a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed popisy t\u011bchto jednotliv\u00fdch katastrof.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":6914,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[1713,1500,513],"coauthors":[36,35],"class_list":["post-6937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydraulics-hydrology-and-hydrogeology","tag-100-let","tag-ceska-republika","tag-povodne"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6937","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6937"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6937\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30543,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6937\/revisions\/30543"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6914"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6937"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6937"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6937"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=6937"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}