{"id":6749,"date":"2019-08-09T09:08:36","date_gmt":"2019-08-09T08:08:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=6749"},"modified":"2024-07-16T15:52:24","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T14:52:24","slug":"workshop-na-tema-water-footprint","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2019\/08\/workshop-na-tema-water-footprint\/","title":{"rendered":"Workshop on Water Footprint"},"content":{"rendered":"

This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

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Dne 22. kv\u011btna 2019 po\u0159\u00e1dal V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd T. G. Masaryka, v. v. i., v\u00a0pra\u017esk\u00e9m are\u00e1lu workshop na t\u00e9ma Water Footprint. Odborn\u00fdm garantem byl Ing. Libor Ansorge, Ph.D. Workshopu se z\u00fa\u010dastnilo dev\u011bt tuzemsk\u00fdch a\u00a0zahrani\u010dn\u00edch expert\u016f zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch se problematikou posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00ed stopy (WF). C\u00edlem workshopu byla v\u00fdm\u011bna informac\u00ed a\u00a0zku\u0161enost\u00ed s\u00a0vodn\u00ed stopou na pracovi\u0161t\u00edch v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice, nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed kontakt\u016f a\u00a0diskuse pot\u0159eb dal\u0161\u00edho rozvoje vodn\u00ed stopy v\u00a0\u010cR.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Ing. L. Ansorge, Ph.D., p\u0159iv\u00edtal hosty a\u00a0p\u0159edstavil \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed problematiky Vodn\u00ed stopy ve V\u00daV TGM. V\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti na skon\u010den\u00fd projekt QJ1520322 podpo\u0159en\u00fd Ministerstvem zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed z\u00a0programu KUS se V\u00daV TGM zab\u00fdv\u00e1 i\u00a0nad\u00e1le vodn\u00ed stopou a\u00a0tato problematika se prom\u00edtla i\u00a0do Dlouhodob\u00e9 koncepce rozvoje V\u00daV TGM, kde je vymezena oblast v\u00fdzkumu \u010d. 12 V\u00fdzkum a\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu v\u00fdrobk\u016f, slu\u017eeb a\u00a0instituc\u00ed s\u00a0vazbou na vodu. Tato oblast v\u00fdzkumu je rozd\u011blena na t\u0159i d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed c\u00edle. DC12-1 se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na v\u00fdvoj p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f ke kvantifikaci modr\u00e9, zelen\u00e9 a\u00a0\u0161ed\u00e9 vodn\u00ed stopy v\u00fdrobk\u016f, slu\u017eeb a\u00a0instituc\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cR podle Water Footprint Assessment Manu\u00e1lu. S\u00a0ohledem na vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed V\u00daV TGM se pr\u00e1ce soust\u0159ed\u00ed na kvantifikaci vodn\u00ed stopy v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch infrastruktur, jako jsou vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee a\u00a0syst\u00e9my z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed pitnou vodou a\u00a0nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0odpadn\u00edmi vodami. D\u00edl\u010d\u00ed c\u00edl DC12-2 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00fdzkumem metod a\u00a0regionalizace charakteriza\u010dn\u00edch faktor\u016f u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch p\u0159i LCA water scarcity\/availability footprint studi\u00edch pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na regionalizaci vybran\u00fdch charakteriza\u010dn\u00edch faktor\u016f (AWARE, fwua), dat pro anal\u00fdzu LCIA (Life Cycle Impact Assessmment\u00a0\u2013 hodnocen\u00ed dopadu \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu) a\u00a0v\u00a0neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b variabilitu dostupn\u00fdch dat pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch k\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed vodn\u00ed stopy, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed i\u00a0jej\u00ed citlivost. Pr\u00e1ce na posledn\u00edm d\u00edl\u010d\u00edm c\u00edli DC12-3, kter\u00fd je zam\u011b\u0159en na v\u00fdvoj metod hodnocen\u00ed vliv\u016f u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vody na \u00farovni midpoint a\u00a0endpoint v\u00a0r\u00e1mci LCA, jsou v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti omezeny z\u00a0d\u016fvod\u016f nedostatku \u0159e\u0161itelsk\u00fdch kapacit. B\u011bhem prezentace byla zm\u00edn\u011bna mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00ed stopy jako n\u00e1stroje pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vodn\u00edho\/environment\u00e1ln\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, pot\u0159eba popularizace vodn\u00ed stopy, pot\u0159eby dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu. Jako vhodn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro dal\u0161\u00ed roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00ed stopy do praxe bylo uvedeno zaveden\u00ed v\u00fduky vodn\u00ed stopy na vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkem workshopu byl doc. Ing. Jan Weizettel, Ph.D., (UK\u00a0\u2013 Centrum pro ot\u00e1zky \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed), kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavil sv\u016fj projekt, ve kter\u00e9m hodnot\u00ed nejen vodn\u00ed, ale i\u00a0environment\u00e1ln\u00ed stopu vybran\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f s\u00a0fin\u00e1ln\u00ed spot\u0159ebou v\u00a0hodnocen\u00e9 zemi. Ta je obdobou n\u00e1rodn\u00ed uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 stopy (emise ekvivalentu CO2<\/sub> z\u00a0ve\u0161ker\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f v\u0161ech v\u00fdrobk\u016f spot\u0159ebovan\u00fdch ob\u010dany dan\u00e9 zem\u011b). K\u00a0vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed WF pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 input-output anal\u00fdzu, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 jsou ekonomiky rozd\u011bleny do sektor\u016f a\u00a0v\u00fdrobky do produktov\u00fdch skupin jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed a\u00a0region\u016f. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd sektor a\u00a0skupina v\u00fdrobk\u016f v\u00a0r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9 zem\u011b nebo regionu jsou homogenn\u00ed, tj. maj\u00ed stejnou v\u00fdrobn\u00ed a\u00a0stejnou prodejn\u00ed strukturu. Ke sledovan\u00fdm\/posuzovan\u00fdm tok\u016fm v\u00fdrobk\u016f mezi ekonomick\u00fdmi sektory p\u0159i\u0159azuje environment\u00e1ln\u00ed dopady pokr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed cel\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzce. Jako sv\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti WF uvedl hodnocen\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 produkce v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch a\u00a0regionech pod\u00edlej\u00edc\u00ed se na glob\u00e1ln\u00edm vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho, omezen\u011b obnoviteln\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho zdroje\u00a0\u2013 vody. Objem spot\u0159ebovan\u00e9 modr\u00e9 vody p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed na kubick\u00e9 metry ekvivalentu vz\u00e1cnosti vody a\u00a0t\u00edm odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed a\u00a0\u010dasov\u00fd nedostatek vody v\u00a0povod\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobn\u00edho \u0159et\u011bzce. Pro hodnocen\u00ed WF bilan\u010dn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupem v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0normou EN ISO 14046 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pouze ukazatele \u201emodr\u00e9 vody\u201c tj. p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed vody odebran\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo z\u00a0vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Pomoc\u00ed charakteriza\u010dn\u00edch faktor\u016f WF p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed v\u0161echny d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed stopy na jeden spole\u010dn\u00fd jmenovatel (objem spot\u0159ebovan\u00e9 vody v\u00a0litrech v\u00e1\u017een\u00fdch vz\u00e1cnost\u00ed). Jako silnou str\u00e1nku charakteriza\u010dn\u00edch faktor\u016f uv\u00e1d\u00ed snadnou pochopitelnost pro koncov\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele. P\u0159edstavil v\u00fdsledky sv\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchod ovliv\u0148uje\/pom\u00e1h\u00e1 omezit vodn\u00ed stres v\u00a0aridn\u00edch\/semiaridn\u00edch oblastech jako je Portugalsko, Mexiko nebo St\u0159edn\u00ed v\u00fdchod. Ke sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 model MRIO (multiregion\u00e1ln\u00ed model vstup\u016f a\u00a0v\u00fdstup\u016f) a\u00a0vodn\u00ed stopu kvantifikuje pro hodnocen\u00fd st\u00e1t v\u00a0glob\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n

Problematiku vodn\u00ed stopy \u0159e\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0\u00fazk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0Dr. Stephanem Pfisterem (ETH Z\u00fcrich, Institute of Environmental Engineering).<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1stupkyn\u011b pracovi\u0161t\u011b V\u00daT Brno NETME Centre Xuexiu Jia, MSc., po p\u0159edstaven\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu prof. Ing. Ji\u0159\u00edho J. Kleme\u0161e, DrSc., jeho\u017e je \u010dlenkou, sezn\u00e1mila \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky workshopu s\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00fdmi \u00fasp\u011bchy v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu jako je studie poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ehled v\u0161ech dostupn\u00fdch definic WF a\u00a0m\u011brn\u00fdch jednotek spojen\u00fdch s\u00a0environment\u00e1ln\u00edmi, soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi a\u00a0ekonomick\u00fdmi stopami v\u010detn\u011b kompozitn\u00edch stop, kter\u00e9 kombinuj\u00ed dv\u011b i\u00a0v\u00edce stop jednotliv\u00fdch. Ve sv\u00fdch prac\u00edch do\u0161li k\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm, \u017ee vzhledem k\u00a0um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdrobc\u016f a\u00a0spot\u0159ebitel\u016f v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta jsou v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly ve virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch emis\u00edch CO2 <\/sub>a\u00a0virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed vod\u011b. Dovozem v\u00fdrobk\u016f vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch s\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi emisemi uhl\u00edku a\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebou vody ne\u017e v\u00a0dom\u00e1c\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu m\u016f\u017ee mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchod sn\u00ed\u017eit glob\u00e1ln\u00ed tlak na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Roli WF vid\u00ed v\u00a0prezentaci problematiky vodn\u00ed stopy, indexu nedostatku vody, vodn\u00edho stresov\u00e9ho indexu, potenci\u00e1lu degradace vody apod. D\u00edky dob\u0159e vyvinut\u00fdm r\u00e1mc\u016fm vodn\u00ed stopy, a\u0165 dopadov\u00e9 tak bilan\u010dn\u00ed, lze porovn\u00e1vat vyu\u017eit\u00ed vody a\u00a0poskytovat informace pro identifikaci kritick\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edm \u0159et\u011bzci. Podle X. Jia nen\u00ed WF dostate\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem ke sledov\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a\u00a0pro management vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Doc. Ing. Vladim\u00edr Ko\u010d\u00ed, Ph.D., MBA, (V\u0160CHT, Fakulta technologie ochrany prost\u0159ed\u00ed) a\u00a0Ing. Martin Do\u010dkal, Ph.D., (\u010cVUT, Fakulta stavebn\u00ed, Katedra hydromeliorac\u00ed a\u00a0krajinn\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed) v\u00a0kr\u00e1tkosti p\u0159edstavili sv\u00e1 pracovi\u0161t\u011b a\u00a0shodn\u011b uvedli, \u017ee vodn\u00ed stopu ch\u00e1pou jako n\u00e1stroj k\u00a0posuzov\u00e1n\u00edm dopad\u016f na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Na V\u0160CHT je vodn\u00ed stopa, resp. problematika vody \u0159e\u0161ena v\u00a0r\u00e1mci posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu (LCA) ve specifick\u00fdch sektorech, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad chemick\u00fd, stavebn\u00ed a\u00a0obalov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. Na \u010cVUT se studenti oboru \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed seznamuj\u00ed s\u00a0vodn\u00ed stopou v\u00a0r\u00e1mci v\u00fduky.<\/p>\n

Po \u00favodn\u00edch vystoupen\u00edch prob\u011bhla diskuse, ve kter\u00e9 si \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci vym\u011bnili zku\u0161enosti a\u00a0vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1zory na problematiku vodn\u00ed stopy. Ze z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 diskuse vyplynuly tyto kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pot\u0159eby:<\/p>\n