{"id":6741,"date":"2019-08-09T09:08:42","date_gmt":"2019-08-09T08:08:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=6741"},"modified":"2024-07-16T15:55:14","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T14:55:14","slug":"legislativni-pozadavky-smernice-inspire-na-hydrologicka-data","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2019\/08\/legislativni-pozadavky-smernice-inspire-na-hydrologicka-data\/","title":{"rendered":"INSPIRE legislative requirements for hydrological data"},"content":{"rendered":"

This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

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Sm\u011brnice INSPIRE je pojem, kter\u00fd se v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dek\u00e1d\u011b sklo\u0148uje v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0prostorov\u011b lokalizovan\u00fdmi daty, tzv. geodaty, hydrologick\u00fdmi nevyj\u00edmaje. Pln\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem Sm\u011brnice Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a\u00a0Rady ze dne 14. b\u0159ezna\u00a02007 o\u00a0z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Infrastruktury pro prostorov\u00e9 informace v\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9m spole\u010denstv\u00ed (INSPIRE) prim\u00e1rn\u011b adresuje dostupnost, kvalitu, uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0sd\u00edlen\u00ed prostorov\u00fdch informac\u00ed. INSPIRE legislativa je v\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed definov\u00e1na z\u00e1konem \u010d. 380\/2009 Sb., kter\u00fd novelizoval zn\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kona \u010d.\u00a0123\/1998\u00a0Sb., o\u00a0pr\u00e1vu na informace o\u00a0\u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, resp. doprovodnou vyhl\u00e1\u0161kou \u010d. 103\/2010 Sb., o\u00a0proveden\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed z\u00e1kona o\u00a0pr\u00e1vu na informace o\u00a0\u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Pod zjednodu\u0161en\u00fdm ozna\u010den\u00edm \u201esm\u011brnice INSPIRE\u201c se rozum\u00ed tak\u00e9 deset dal\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch legislativn\u00edch dokument\u016f, kter\u00e9 bl\u00ed\u017ee popisuj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy jednotliv\u00fdch stavebn\u00edch kamen\u016f infrastruktury pro prostorov\u00e9 informace. T\u011bmito stavebn\u00edmi kameny jsou metadata, s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 (neboli webov\u00e9) slu\u017eby, geodata, pravidla pro sd\u00edlen\u00ed dat, sledov\u00e1n\u00ed infrastruktury. Na technick\u00e9 \u00farovni pak hovo\u0159\u00edme o\u00a0des\u00edtk\u00e1ch dokument\u016f, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed, jak nejl\u00e9pe implementovat vznesen\u00e9 legislativn\u00ed po\u017eadavky.<\/p>\n

S\u00a0bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edm se term\u00ednem pro napln\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech legislativn\u00edch povinnost\u00ed na geodata definovan\u00e1 ve\u00a0sm\u011brnici INSPIRE (\u0159\u00edjen 2020) prov\u00e1d\u00ed Evropsk\u00e1 komise \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kontroly se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed pln\u011bn\u00ed povinnost\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky je legislativn\u011b definovan\u00fdm koordin\u00e1torem sm\u011brnice INSPIRE Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 tyto povinnosti a\u00a0pravomoce delegovalo na \u010ceskou informa\u010dn\u00ed agenturu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed (CENIA).<\/p>\n

Prim\u00e1rn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem sm\u011brnice INSPIRE je podpora nalezen\u00ed geografick\u00e9 informace u\u017eivatelem. Z\u00a0toho d\u016fvodu je legislativn\u011b vy\u017eadov\u00e1no, aby geografick\u00e1 data byla pops\u00e1na metadaty. INSPIRE metadata se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z\u00a0cca 20 metadatov\u00fdch prvk\u016f, pomoc\u00ed kter\u00fdch se uv\u00e1d\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed popis datov\u00e9 sady, s\u00e9rie datov\u00fdch sad nebo webov\u00e9 slu\u017eby publikuj\u00edc\u00ed geodata. Definovan\u00fdmi metadatov\u00fdmi prvky jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u00e1zev, abstrakt, kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova, datum vytvo\u0159en\u00ed, odkaz pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed geografick\u00e9 informace, jazyk, p\u016fvod dat, odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko, omezen\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu, podm\u00ednky p\u0159\u00edstupu a\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00ed, zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 organizace, datum aktualizace metadat apod. Smyslem je popsat geodata tak, jak jsou pops\u00e1ny jin\u00e9 produkty ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u010dinnosti, od \u00fadaj\u016f o\u00a0slo\u017een\u00ed potravin a\u017e po vin\u011btu na l\u00e1hvi v\u00edna. V\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b \u010dlov\u011bk na tato metadata spol\u00e9h\u00e1 a\u00a0nejinak by tomu m\u011blo b\u00fdt v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b geodat.<\/p>\n

Metadata sama o\u00a0sob\u011b nezaru\u010duj\u00ed ani vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed, ani z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed geodat. Jsou v\u0161ak vhodn\u00fdm za\u010d\u00e1tkem t\u011bchto proces\u016f. Vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed i\u00a0stahov\u00e1n\u00ed geodat zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed webov\u00e9 slu\u017eby popsan\u00e9 n\u00ed\u017ee. Vyhled\u00e1vac\u00ed slu\u017ebu si m\u016f\u017ee \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 zjednodu\u0161en\u011b p\u0159edstavit jako webovou str\u00e1nku, na kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee zadat n\u00e1zev hledan\u00fdch dat, m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko \u010di zakreslen\u00edm do mapy vyzna\u010dit z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed nap\u0159. kolem soutoku Dyje a\u00a0Moravy. Prohl\u00ed\u017eec\u00ed slu\u017eby n\u00e1sledn\u011b dovol\u00ed proch\u00e1zet mapou s\u00a0hydrologick\u00fdmi geodaty podobn\u011b jako na port\u00e1lech Mapy.cz \u010di Google Maps. Pomoc\u00ed prohl\u00ed\u017eec\u00ed slu\u017eby je pak mo\u017en\u00e9 pod\u00edvat se na n\u00e1hled geodat, kter\u00e1 lze n\u00e1sledn\u011b st\u00e1hnout pomoc\u00ed slu\u017eby stahov\u00e1n\u00ed dat. Oproti port\u00e1l\u016fm Mapy.cz \u010di Google Mapy c\u00edl\u00ed sm\u011brnice INSPIRE na 34 t\u00e9mat prostorov\u00fdch dat. Jejich v\u00fd\u010det je velmi pestr\u00fd, od katastr\u00e1ln\u00edch parcel, p\u0159es ortofota, vodstvo, geologii, statistick\u00e9 jednotky, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed (zjednodu\u0161en\u011b senzory), oblasti ohro\u017een\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi riziky, meteorologick\u00e9 jevy, rozlo\u017een\u00ed druh\u016f a\u017e po nerostn\u00e9 suroviny. Metadata, vyhled\u00e1vac\u00ed i\u00a0prohl\u00ed\u017eec\u00ed slu\u017eby mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dostupn\u00e9 bez poplatku, mohou v\u0161ak b\u00fdt chr\u00e1n\u011bny nap\u0159\u00edklad registrac\u00ed. Pro zamezen\u00ed necht\u011bn\u00e9ho kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo zneu\u017eit\u00ed dat m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00a0prohl\u00ed\u017eec\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch kvalita obrazu degradov\u00e1na \u010di znehodnocena nap\u0159\u00edklad vodoznakem.<\/p>\n

Sm\u011brnice INSPIRE definuje tak\u00e9 tzv. datov\u00e9 modely. Ty si lze p\u0159edstavit jako explicitn\u00ed definici objekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u00a0geodatech ulo\u017eeny, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad vodn\u00ed tok, jez, brod, stojat\u00e1 voda, povod\u00ed, z\u00e1plavov\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed \u010di mok\u0159ad. Pro ka\u017ed\u00fd tento objekt, resp. prvek v\u00a0Geografick\u00e9m informa\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu (GIS) jsou definov\u00e1ny konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed atributy, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad geometrie z\u00e1plavov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed, doba opakov\u00e1n\u00ed povodn\u00ed (Q5<\/sub>, Q20<\/sub>, Q100<\/sub> atd.), jedine\u010dn\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor prvku \u010di datum vytvo\u0159en\u00ed\/modelov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0GIS. Takto definovan\u00e9 atributy jsou povinn\u00e9. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je v\u0161ak vytvo\u0159en mechanismus pro situace, kdy hodnotu atributu nelze uv\u00e9st. Takov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady mohou nastat ve\u00a0chv\u00edl\u00edch, kdy spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 hodnota nen\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e1 nebo ji nen\u00ed z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f mo\u017en\u00e9 spo\u010d\u00edtat \u010di uv\u00e9st, \u010di je dan\u00e1 hodnota jakkoli utajen\u00e1. Dobr\u00fdm \u00famyslem v\u00a0pozad\u00ed tohoto po\u017eadavku je nep\u0159ed\u00e1vat u\u017eivateli pouze nulovou hodnotu, ale tak\u00e9 uv\u00e9st d\u016fvod, pro\u010d je tato hodnota nulov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Sm\u011brnice INSPIRE nikoho nep\u0159esv\u011bd\u010duje pro nov\u00e1 mapov\u00e1n\u00ed ani pro veden\u00ed GIS prvk\u016f a\u00a0jejich atribut\u016f jen v\u00a0p\u0159edepsan\u00e9 form\u011b. \u00damysl i\u00a0nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed praxe nenaru\u0161uj\u00ed dob\u0159e zab\u011bhnut\u00e9 a\u00a0odzkou\u0161en\u00e9 procesy v\u00a0dan\u00e9 organizaci. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, zam\u011bstnanci mohou d\u00e1l pou\u017e\u00edvat svoje syst\u00e9my i\u00a0data tak, jak jsou zvykl\u00ed. Z\u00a0datab\u00e1z\u00ed s\u00a0geodaty m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jen nav\u00edc nastaven export dat relevantn\u00edch pro u\u017eivatele z\u00a0\u0159ad ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy, soukrom\u00fdch subjekt\u016f \u010di ob\u010dan\u016f. Tento export by pak byl ve struktu\u0159e podle sm\u011brnice INSPIRE. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se zjednodu\u0161\u00ed reportov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u016f\u010di Evropsk\u00e9 environment\u00e1ln\u00ed agentu\u0159e, nap\u0159\u00edklad s\u00a0ohledem na R\u00e1mcovou sm\u011brnici o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch (2000\/60\/ES). Evropsk\u00e1 komise prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sm\u011brnice INSPIRE sjednotila sv\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na geodata, tak\u017ee pokud se maj\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00e1vat geodata odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 sm\u011brnici o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch \u010di Ramsarsk\u00e9 \u00famluv\u011b o\u00a0mok\u0159adech, p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed se ve struktu\u0159e definovan\u00e9 sm\u011brnic\u00ed INSPIRE.<\/p>\n

Jednotliv\u00ed po\u0159izovatel\u00e9 \u010di spr\u00e1vci dat mohou vytv\u00e1\u0159et geoport\u00e1ly, kde bude mo\u017en\u00e9 vyhled\u00e1vat geodata, prohl\u00ed\u017eet si je \u010di bude u\u017eivatel\u016fm umo\u017en\u011bno si je st\u00e1hnout. M\u00edra otev\u0159enosti, zpoplatn\u011bn\u00ed \u010di licenc\u00ed je p\u0159itom na dan\u00e9m subjektu. Pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed geoport\u00e1lu hovo\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvnost a\u00a0obliba geoport\u00e1l\u016f u\u00a0ve\u0159ejnosti obecn\u011b, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed nejv\u00edce nav\u0161t\u011bvovan\u00e9 webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy nejen v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice, ale i\u00a0v\u00a0cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. Proti hovo\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1klady na jejich realizaci i\u00a0spr\u00e1vu. Alternativou je vyu\u017eit\u00ed infrastruktury Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed s\u00a0doprovodn\u00fdm exportem geodat na stran\u011b po\u0159izovatel\u016f dat.<\/p>\n

Infrastruktura pro prostorov\u00e9 informace nen\u00ed jednor\u00e1zovou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. Prostorov\u00e1 informa\u010dn\u00ed infrastruktura je stejn\u00e1 jako jin\u00e9 infrastruktury\u00a0\u2013 vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1, pro p\u0159enos elektrick\u00e9 energie \u010di telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed. Vy\u017eaduje velk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed mnoha lid\u00ed i\u00a0finan\u010dn\u00ed investice po desetilet\u00ed. U\u017eivatel\u00e9 se nestaraj\u00ed o\u00a0to, jak funguje, jen ji pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed. Z\u00a0t\u011bchto d\u016fvod\u016f je tak\u00e9 nutn\u00e9 sledovat funkcionalitu a\u00a0vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed infrastruktury pro prostorov\u00e9 informace. Souhrnn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va o\u00a0stavu prostorov\u00fdch informac\u00ed a\u00a0slu\u017eeb dan\u00e9ho subjektu proto mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1na Evropsk\u00e9 komisi ka\u017ed\u00fd rok, v\u017edy nejpozd\u011bji 15. kv\u011btna roku n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sm\u011brnice INSPIRE je pojem, kter\u00fd se v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dek\u00e1d\u011b sklo\u0148uje v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0prostorov\u011b lokalizovan\u00fdmi daty, tzv. geodaty, hydrologick\u00fdmi nevyj\u00edmaje. Pln\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem Sm\u011brnice Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a\u00a0Rady ze dne 14. b\u0159ezna\u00a02007 o\u00a0z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Infrastruktury pro prostorov\u00e9 informace v\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9m spole\u010denstv\u00ed (INSPIRE) prim\u00e1rn\u011b adresuje dostupnost, kvalitu, uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0sd\u00edlen\u00ed prostorov\u00fdch informac\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":6739,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[1680,1679,1678,1431],"coauthors":[1636],"class_list":["post-6741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","tag-geodata","tag-inspire","tag-smernice","tag-zivotni-prostredi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6741","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6741"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6741\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30527,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6741\/revisions\/30527"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6739"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6741"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6741"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6741"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=6741"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}