{"id":6735,"date":"2019-08-09T09:08:40","date_gmt":"2019-08-09T08:08:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=6735"},"modified":"2024-07-16T15:53:46","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T14:53:46","slug":"pozorovani-vyparu-z-vodni-hladiny-ve-vuv-tgm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2019\/08\/pozorovani-vyparu-z-vodni-hladiny-ve-vuv-tgm\/","title":{"rendered":"Observation of vapor from the water surface in TGM WRI"},"content":{"rendered":"

This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

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V\u00fdpar z\u00a0voln\u00e9 hladiny je jedn\u00edm ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch prvk\u016f hydrologick\u00e9 bilance. Jeho pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 hodnota se v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu let m\u011bn\u00ed vlivem postupuj\u00edc\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny, stejn\u011b jako je tomu u\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch prvk\u016f hydrologick\u00e9 bilance. Data z\u00a0v\u00fdparom\u011brn\u00fdch stanic jsou p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e1 pro studie posuzuj\u00edc\u00ed vliv klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny na hydrologickou bilanci, stejn\u011b tak pro stanoven\u00ed rovnic pro jeho v\u00fdpo\u010det a\u00a0obecn\u011b pro bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed pozn\u00e1n\u00ed hydrologick\u00e9ho cyklu. V\u00fdznam pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed je zv\u011bt\u0161en pot\u0159ebou kvantifikovat zm\u011bny v\u00fdparu vlivem prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu. Pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdparu z\u00a0vodn\u00ed hladiny nen\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bno b\u011b\u017en\u011b, z\u00a0d\u016fvodu zna\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti na \u00fadr\u017ebu a\u00a0obsluhu v\u00fdparom\u011brn\u00fdch stanic. Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu je dopo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1n ze vzorc\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b z\u00e1vislosti na dal\u0161\u00edch meteorologick\u00fdch veli\u010din\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 1. Pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdparu v Praze Podbab\u011b (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40. l\u00e9ta)<\/h6>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdparu z\u00a0vodn\u00ed hladiny ji\u017e od 30. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. V\u00a0obdob\u00ed mezi sv\u011btov\u00fdmi v\u00e1lkami konal \u00fastav pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0pl\u00e1novanou n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed na Rozko\u0161i u\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 Skalice (rybn\u00edk Rovensk\u00fd) a\u00a0na v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 hydrologick\u00e9 stanici p\u0159i \u00fastavu v\u00a0Podbab\u011b [1] (obr. 1 <\/em>a\u00a02<\/em>). Bylo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no plovouc\u00edch i\u00a0zemn\u00edch v\u00fdparom\u011br\u016f. V\u00fdsledkem t\u011bchto prac\u00ed bylo nakonec sestrojen\u00ed tzv. R\u00f3nova v\u00fdparom\u011bru.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 2. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdpar z R\u00f3nova v\u00fdparom\u011bru \u2013 stanice Podbaba<\/h6>\n

V\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech byla v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0pl\u00e1novanou v\u00fdstavbou tzv. Odersko-dunajsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fplavu z\u0159\u00edzena celost\u00e1tn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 v\u00fdparom\u011br\u016f R\u00f3nov\u00fdch. V\u00a0roce 1956 byly z\u0159\u00edzeny v\u00fdparom\u011brn\u00e9 stanice v\u00a0Hlasivu u\u00a0T\u00e1bora, kter\u00e1 je v\u00a0provozu dodnes, a\u00a0v\u00a0Ti\u0161ic\u00edch na M\u011blnicku (1956\u20131974). V\u00a0roce 2018 bylo obnoveno pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdparu z\u00a0vodn\u00ed hladiny v\u00a0are\u00e1lu V\u00daV v\u00a0Podbab\u011b, sou\u010dasn\u011b byly po\u0159\u00edzeny dva plovouc\u00ed v\u00fdparom\u011bry, je\u017e budou v\u00a0provozu v\u00a0r\u00e1mci v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch projekt\u016f na vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Tabulka 1. Seznam v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch veli\u010din ve stanici Hlasivo<\/h5>\n\"\"<\/a>\n
Tabulka 2. Seznam v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch veli\u010din ve stanici Podbaba<\/h5>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

V\u00fdparom\u011brn\u00e1 stanice Hlasivo<\/h2>\n

V\u00fdparom\u011brn\u00e1 stanice v\u00a0Hlasivu u\u00a0T\u00e1bora byla vybudov\u00e1na v\u00a0roce 1956 v\u00a0m\u00edstech p\u016fvodn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 stanice a\u00a0nyn\u00ed je jedinou nezru\u0161enou z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdparom\u011brnou stanic\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR. Zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 data o\u00a0v\u00fdparu z\u00a0voln\u00e9 hladiny spolu s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi meteorologick\u00fdmi prvky (tabulka 1<\/em>). V\u00fdpar je zde m\u011b\u0159en v\u00a0sezon\u011b od kv\u011btna do \u0159\u00edjna.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 3. Srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed v\u00fdparom\u011br ve stanici Hlasivo<\/h6>\n

V\u00a0Hlasivu byly v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu let pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny v\u00fdparom\u011bry R\u00f3n\u016fv, Wild\u016fv, GGI 3000, Class-A\u00a0pan a\u00a0srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed v\u00fdparom\u011br o\u00a0plo\u0161e hladiny 20 m2<\/sup> (obr. 3<\/em>). Na bl\u00edzk\u00e9m rybn\u00edku byl v\u00a0minulosti um\u00edst\u011bn na voru nejprve plovouc\u00ed v\u00fdparom\u011br o\u00a0plo\u0161e\u00a01\u00a0m2<\/sup>, pozd\u011bji v\u00fdparom\u011br o\u00a0plo\u0161e 3 m2<\/sup> (obr. 4<\/em>), pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edhalo v\u00a050.\u00a0a\u017e 70.\u00a0letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 4. Plovouc\u00ed v\u00fdparom\u011br \u2013 stanice Hlasivo<\/h6>\n

V\u00fdparom\u011brn\u00e1 stanice Podbaba<\/h2>\n

Od roku 2018 je pozorov\u00e1n v\u00fdpar v\u00a0are\u00e1lu pra\u017esk\u00e9ho pracovi\u0161t\u011b V\u00daV TGM. Jsou zde aktu\u00e1ln\u011b um\u00edst\u011bny t\u0159i v\u00fdparom\u011brn\u00e9 baz\u00e9ny o\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru 2 m (obr. 5<\/em>). Prob\u00edh\u00e1 zde klasick\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdparu z\u00a0vodn\u00ed hladiny (1) v\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch duben a\u017e \u0159\u00edjen (podle teplot i\u00a0d\u00e9le), (2) ve stejn\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch z\u00a0vody s\u00a0odli\u0161n\u00fdm albedem z\u00a0d\u016fvodu zelen\u00e9 barvy vody, (3) celoro\u010dn\u011b za pou\u017eit\u00ed nemrznouc\u00ed sm\u011bsi rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 soli ve vod\u011b. V\u00fdsledky pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou porovn\u00e1v\u00e1na s\u00a0pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm ze stanice Hlasivo a\u00a0od roku 2019 budou porovn\u00e1v\u00e1na s\u00a0pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm plovouc\u00edmi v\u00fdparom\u011bry. Sou\u010dasn\u011b s\u00a0v\u00fdparem jsou zde m\u011b\u0159eny dal\u0161\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 veli\u010diny (tabulka\u00a02<\/em>). Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch veli\u010din i\u00a0v\u00fdparu jsou online dostupn\u00e9 na internetov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch http:\/\/www.suchovkrajine.cz\/aplikace.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 5. V\u00fdparom\u011brn\u00e9 baz\u00e9ny v Podbab\u011b (vp\u0159edu \u010dist\u00e1 voda, uprost\u0159ed soln\u00fd roztok, v pozad\u00ed zelen\u00e1 (\u201evykvetl\u00e1\u201c) voda)<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdpar z\u00a0voln\u00e9 hladiny je jedn\u00edm ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch prvk\u016f hydrologick\u00e9 bilance. Jeho pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 hodnota se v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu let m\u011bn\u00ed vlivem postupuj\u00edc\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny, stejn\u011b jako je tomu u\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch prvk\u016f hydrologick\u00e9 bilance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":6721,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,86],"tags":[1675,1676,1454,1637,1674],"coauthors":[124],"class_list":["post-6735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","category-hydraulics-hydrology-and-hydrogeology","tag-hlasivo","tag-podbaba","tag-vuv-tgm","tag-vypar","tag-vyparomerna-stanice"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6735","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6735"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6735\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30526,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6735\/revisions\/30526"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6721"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6735"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6735"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6735"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=6735"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}