\u00davod<\/h2>\n
P\u0159edkl\u00e1dan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek bezprost\u0159edn\u011b navazuje na text stejn\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu, kter\u00fd vy\u0161el v\u00a0\u0161est\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle \u010dasopisu VTEI v\u00a0roce 2018 [1]. P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek p\u0159edstavuje jeden z\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f v\u00fdzkumu, kter\u00fd prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho projektu V\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 vodojemy\u00a0\u2013 identifikace, dokumentace, prezentace, nov\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed<\/em> (k\u00f3d projektu DG18P02OVV010, Program na podporu aplikovan\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a\u00a0v\u00fdvoje n\u00e1rodn\u00ed a\u00a0kulturn\u00ed identity NAKI II, Ministerstvo kultury \u010cR). Vedle stanoven\u00ed odborn\u00e9 terminologie, d\u00edky kter\u00e9 jsme mohli definovat objekt na\u0161eho z\u00e1jmu, je druh\u00fdm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm hlediskem na\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce stanoven\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typologie v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f.<\/p>\n \u010cl\u00e1nek typologicky \u010dlen\u00ed v\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 vodojemy z\u00a0v\u00edce pohled\u016f. Ty zahrnuj\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f jako sou\u010d\u00e1sti vodovodn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f a\u00a0konstruk\u010dn\u00edch a\u00a0technologick\u00fdch celk\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed materi\u00e1lov\u00e1 a\u00a0funk\u010dn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed specifika.<\/p>\n V\u00a0pohledu na stanoven\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 typologie objekt\u016f vych\u00e1z\u00edme z\u00a0dosavadn\u00edho odborn\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9matu, kter\u00e9 bylo p\u0159ehledn\u011b p\u0159edstaveno ve zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku. Typologizace tak stoj\u00ed na sou\u010dasn\u00e9m stavu pozn\u00e1n\u00ed, jej\u00ed definitivn\u00ed stanoven\u00ed bude dopln\u011bno a\u00a0up\u0159esn\u011bno b\u011bhem samotn\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu na z\u00e1klad\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch poznatk\u016f. Na\u0161e stanoven\u00ed typologie v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f slou\u017e\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro vnit\u0159n\u00ed pot\u0159ebu projektov\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me, \u017ee po jej\u00edm kone\u010dn\u00e9m stanoven\u00ed by se m\u011bla st\u00e1t vhodn\u00fdm v\u00fdchodiskem i\u00a0pro dal\u0161\u00ed badatele v\u00a0t\u00e9matu. V\u00a0dosavadn\u00edm odborn\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0prvn\u00ed pokus systematick\u00e9ho pojet\u00ed stanoven\u00ed typologie v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f.<\/p>\n Sestaven\u00ed typologie v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f p\u0159edch\u00e1zelo definov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 terminologie a\u00a0vylou\u010den\u00ed nevhodn\u00fdch a\u00a0nespr\u00e1vn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch term\u00edn\u016f. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 byl vymezen objekt na\u0161eho z\u00e1jmu.<\/p>\n P\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu jsme se rozhodli vych\u00e1zet z\u00a0term\u00edn\u016f dan\u00fdch platn\u00fdmi normami \u010cSN 75 5355 Vodojemy a\u00a0\u010cSN 75 0150 Vodn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 Terminologie vod\u00e1renstv\u00ed. Terminologicky tak v\u00fdhradn\u011b u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me pojmu v\u011b\u017eov\u00fd vodojem<\/em>, jen\u017e je definovan\u00fd jako \u201evodojem, pro dosa\u017een\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 hydrostatick\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky hladiny um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd na vlastn\u00ed nosn\u00e9 konstrukci.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n Z\u00a0hlediska vymezen\u00ed objektu z\u00e1jmu se pak zab\u00fdv\u00e1me v\u0161emi stavbami, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e \u010di v\u00edce n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed slou\u017e\u00edc\u00edch k\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9 (nebo k\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdm) z\u00a0funkc\u00ed vodojem\u016f. Tyto n\u00e1dr\u017ee jsou um\u00edst\u011bny na samostatn\u00fdch nosn\u00fdch konstrukc\u00edch v\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce, kter\u00e9 byly k\u00a0\u00fa\u010delu nesen\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee zkonstruov\u00e1ny. V\u00edce k\u00a0vymezen\u00ed objektu z\u00e1jmu viz \u010dl\u00e1nek o\u00a0terminologii [1].<\/p>\n V\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 vodojemy jako ned\u00edln\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch technologick\u00fdch celk\u016f\u00a0\u2013 vodovodn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f\u00a0\u2013 jsou v\u00a0na\u0161ich \u00favah\u00e1ch z\u00e1kladn\u00edm typologick\u00fdm prvkem pro jejich d\u011blen\u00ed. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci tohoto z\u00e1kladn\u00edho d\u011blen\u00ed je pak sestavena typologie v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f zalo\u017een\u00e1 na v\u00fdb\u011bru parametr\u016f (nap\u0159. funkce objektu, materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nosn\u00e9 konstrukce, po\u010det n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed atd.). Ty se pak daj\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddit podle jednotliv\u00fdch podobn\u00fdch znak\u016f. Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 d\u011blen\u00ed v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f proveden\u00e9 na z\u00e1klad\u011b stanoven\u00e9 typologie se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b navz\u00e1jem prol\u00edn\u00e1 a\u00a0v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech je mo\u017en\u00e9 vysledovat u\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch staveb i\u00a0prol\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch typologick\u00fdch kategori\u00ed. Jejich v\u00fdb\u011br a\u00a0stanoven\u00ed nen\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b definitivn\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt up\u0159es\u0148ov\u00e1no \u010di dopl\u0148ov\u00e1no. N\u00ed\u017ee p\u0159edstaven\u00e1 typologie je zpracov\u00e1na na z\u00e1klad\u011b dosavadn\u00edch znalost\u00ed v\u00fdvoje a\u00a0podoby v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f na \u010desk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed, a\u00a0to od nejstar\u0161\u00edch obdob\u00ed a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti.<\/p>\n Na z\u00e1klad\u011b dosavadn\u00edch znalost\u00ed, z\u00edskan\u00fdch dat a\u00a0informac\u00ed jsme rozhodli vypustit typologick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed v\u00fdstavby v\u011b\u017eov\u00e9ho vodojemu do jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch obdob\u00ed. D\u016fvodem je nemo\u017enost jasn\u011b definovat podle sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho stavu pozn\u00e1n\u00ed jejich ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 znaky. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci komplexu v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f nav\u00edc existuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 rozd\u00edly mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi skupinami staveb, definovan\u00fdch p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm typologick\u00fdm za\u0159azen\u00edm v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f jako sou\u010d\u00e1sti vodovodn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (viz n\u00ed\u017ee). Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z\u00a0t\u011bchto skupin m\u00e1 pon\u011bkud odli\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj na plo\u0161e \u010dasov\u00fdch obdob\u00ed, \u010di se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b prol\u00ednaj\u00ed. V\u00a0projektu se tak omezujeme p\u0159i \u010dasov\u00e9 identifikaci pouze na rok \u010di roky realizace stavby v\u011b\u017eov\u00e9ho vodojemu.<\/p>\n Problematice typologizace \u010dasov\u00e9ho za\u0159azen\u00ed v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f se hodl\u00e1me v\u00a0projektu nad\u00e1le v\u011bnovat. \u010clen\u011bn\u00ed \u010di alespo\u0148 jeho v\u00fdchodiska pak bude p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9 stanovit na z\u00e1klad\u011b na\u0161eho dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\n V\u011b\u017eov\u00fd vodojem, jako\u017eto vod\u00e1rensk\u00fd objekt, je v\u017edy sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vodovodn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Vodovodn\u00ed syst\u00e9my dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed vodu pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy pot\u0159eb a\u00a0lze je typologicky rozd\u011blit do n\u011bkolika skupin. V\u011b\u017eov\u00fd vodojem p\u0159itom m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed i\u00a0v\u00edce vodovodn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f (m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e9st nap\u0159\u00edklad dv\u011b n\u00e1dr\u017ee, z\u00a0nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 dod\u00e1v\u00e1 vodu pro jin\u00fd druh spot\u0159eby):<\/p>\n Vod\u00e1renskou technologii v\u011b\u017eov\u00e9ho vodojemu, kter\u00e1 pln\u00ed n\u011bkterou nebo n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00fdch funkc\u00ed, bylo zapot\u0159eb\u00ed zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0minulosti obsluhovat a\u00a0kontrolovat jej\u00ed provozuschopnost. V\u011b\u017eov\u00fd vodojem mohl b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 obklopen dal\u0161\u00edmi funk\u010dn\u00edmi provozy, nap\u0159\u00edklad byl-li sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tov\u00e1rny \u010di v\u00a0are\u00e1lu n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed. Objekty v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f tak mohou b\u00fdt vzhledem k\u00a0dob\u011b v\u00fdstavby:<\/p>\n V\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 vodojemy, jako\u017eto vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 technick\u00e9 stavby, zaji\u0161\u0165ovaly (a\u00a0dodnes zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed) n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed funkce:<\/p>\n Z\u00e1rove\u0148 lze d\u011blit v\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 vodojemy podle jejich funkce ve vztahu k\u00a0um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci vodovodn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu na:<\/p>\n Podstatou v\u011b\u017eov\u00e9ho vodojemu je nesen\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee \u010di n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed nad \u00farovn\u00ed okoln\u00edho ter\u00e9nu, resp. nad \u00farovn\u00ed m\u00edsta spot\u0159eby. Objekt v\u011b\u017eov\u00e9ho vodojemu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tvo\u0159en celou \u0159adou materi\u00e1l\u016f. Z\u00a0pohledu v\u00fdznamu samotn\u00e9 stavby, \u010dili nesen\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee v\u00a0pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce, je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nosn\u00e9 konstrukce. Zde se mohou vyskytovat konstrukce:<\/p>\n Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je konstruk\u010dn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nesouc\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e \u010di n\u00e1dr\u017ee mo\u017eno zjednodu\u0161en\u011b rozd\u011blit na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed typy (obr. 2<\/em>):<\/p>\n Z\u00e1sadn\u00edmi mezn\u00edky ve v\u00fdvoji podoby akumula\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed byly od druh\u00e9 poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed rychl\u00fd rozvoj ve v\u00fdrob\u011b v\u00e1lcovan\u00e9 oceli, objev a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 masivn\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eelezobetonu ve vod\u00e1renstv\u00ed, nov\u00e9 poznatky ve stavebnictv\u00ed, statice a\u00a0podobn\u011b. V\u00fdvoj tvaru n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed souvisel s\u00a0mo\u017enostmi u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e vliv na v\u00fdsledn\u00fd tvar a\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu m\u011bly a\u00a0st\u00e1le maj\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e i\u00a0zvyklosti a\u00a0zku\u0161enosti stavitel\u016f a\u00a0provozovatel\u016f, po\u017eadavky investor\u016f, dostupnost materi\u00e1l\u016f nebo region\u00e1ln\u00ed souvislosti. Tvar akumula\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee pak ovliv\u0148oval i\u00a0celkovou podobu objektu. Kdy\u017e profesor Otto Intze p\u0159i\u0161el s\u00a0n\u00e1padem upravit tvar dna u\u00a0v\u00e1lcovit\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fdm vydut\u00edm sm\u011brem nahoru, \u00falo\u017en\u00fd v\u011bnec n\u00e1dr\u017ee se stal subtiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e u\u00a0vypoukl\u00e9ho dna, a\u00a0t\u00edm mohla b\u00fdt nosn\u00e1 konstrukce v\u011b\u017eov\u00e9ho vodojemu \u0161t\u00edhlej\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e tomu bylo doposud [4].<\/p>\n Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typologick\u00e9 d\u011blen\u00ed tvar\u016f n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00a0praxi je\u0161t\u011b dopln\u011bno odli\u0161nostmi n\u011bkter\u00fdch jejich \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed (zejm\u00e9na dna n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0\u0161achtic, kter\u00e9 slou\u017eily k\u00a0pohybu osob a\u00a0veden\u00ed trubn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f), jejich\u017e konstruk\u010dn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed se rovn\u011b\u017e postupn\u011b vyv\u00edjela a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b u\u017e\u00edvala. Tyto podru\u017en\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti ale v\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00edm d\u011blen\u00ed pro jejich mnohotv\u00e1rnost nevyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me a\u00a0budeme se jim podrobn\u011bji v\u011bnovat p\u0159i n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch prezentac\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch technologi\u00ed v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f.<\/p>\n U\u00a0v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f je kv\u016fli konstruk\u010dn\u00edmu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed i\u00a0omezen\u00e9mu prostoru pro um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed varianta, kdy je v\u00a0n\u011bm instalov\u00e1na pouze jedna n\u00e1dr\u017e. V\u00edcekomorov\u00e9 (v\u00edcen\u00e1dr\u017eov\u00e9) budov\u00e1n\u00ed je obvykl\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u\u00a0zemn\u00edch vodojem\u016f, p\u0159esto ale zn\u00e1me i\u00a0v\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 vodojemy, kter\u00e9 nesou v\u00edce ne\u017e jednu n\u00e1dr\u017e.<\/p>\n V\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b tak po\u010det a\u00a0s\u00a0n\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00ed u\u017eit\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed ve v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojemech m\u016f\u017eeme rozd\u011blit takto:<\/p>\n Zat\u00edm nejv\u00edce n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0jednom objektu bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno p\u0159i pr\u016fzkumu dr\u00e1\u017en\u00edho v\u011b\u017eov\u00e9ho vodojemu vlakov\u00e9 stanice Kole\u010d (okres Kladno, obr. 4<\/em>). Zde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed celkem p\u011bt ocelov\u00fdch n\u00fdtovan\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 \u010dty\u0159i kruhov\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 ve stejn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce nad \u00farovn\u00ed ter\u00e9nu (5,5\u2008m) a\u00a0jedna obd\u00e9ln\u00edkov\u00e1 se dnem n\u00e1dr\u017ee 12\u2008m nad ter\u00e9nem. To je z\u00a0hlediska mno\u017estv\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed jednoho objektu zcela ojedin\u011bl\u00e9. V\u00fdznam po\u010dtu n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1m zat\u00edm nen\u00ed zcela jasn\u00fd. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me, \u017ee se mohlo jednat o\u00a0technologii upravuj\u00edc\u00ed vodu.<\/p>\n Objekt, ve kter\u00e9m je na nosn\u00e9 konstrukci um\u00edst\u011bna n\u00e1dr\u017e, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n i\u00a0k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm, a\u00a0pln\u00ed tak v\u00edce funkc\u00ed. Tuto dal\u0161\u00ed funkci \u010di funkce mohl objekt plnit ji\u017e od doby sv\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ji mohl z\u00edskat pozd\u011bji. V\u00a0z\u00e1kladu lze objekty nesouc\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e \u010di n\u00e1dr\u017ee z\u00a0tohoto pohledu \u010dlenit do n\u011bkolika skupin:<\/p>\n Definov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typologie v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f je po stanoven\u00ed odborn\u00e9 terminologie a\u00a0definov\u00e1n\u00ed objektu z\u00e1jmu dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm krokem z\u00a0pohledu pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu v\u00fdvoje v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed. Stanoven\u00e9 typologick\u00e9 \u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed je postaveno na sou\u010dasn\u00e9m stavu pozn\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0nen\u00ed zat\u00edm kone\u010dn\u00e9. V\u00a0tuto chv\u00edli je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm v\u00fdchodiskem pro \u0159e\u0161itelsk\u00fd t\u00fdm z\u00a0pohledu prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch aktivit a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f k\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed problematiky dokumentuj\u00edc\u00ed historick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj t\u011bchto staveb.<\/p>\n P\u0159i stanoven\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typologie bylo na v\u011b\u017eov\u00fd vodojem nahl\u00ed\u017eeno p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako na technologickou sou\u010d\u00e1st vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu dod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed vodu pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. D\u00e1le pak byly stanoveny typologick\u00e9 skupiny, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed informace o\u00a0samotn\u00e9 stavb\u011b a\u00a0jej\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch. Typologizace je zam\u011b\u0159ena na stavebn\u00ed situaci v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f ve vztahu k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm objekt\u016fm, jejich postaven\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci vodovodn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a\u00a0s\u00a0t\u00edm spojenou jejich funkci, d\u00e1le na nosn\u00e9 konstrukce, tvar a\u00a0materi\u00e1l akumula\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee a\u00a0po\u010det n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. Stanoven\u00e1 typologie si v\u0161\u00edm\u00e1 i\u00a0\u00fa\u010delu objektu v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f, kter\u00fd mohl slou\u017eit nejen prim\u00e1rn\u00ed funkci v\u00a0r\u00e1mci vodovodn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, ale i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00edm \u010di nesouvisej\u00edc\u00edm funkc\u00edm.<\/p>\n V\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me, \u017ee stanoven\u00e1 typologie se bude s\u00a0nov\u00fdmi poznatky a\u00a0z\u00edskan\u00fdmi zku\u0161enostmi d\u00e1le vyv\u00edjet a\u00a0up\u0159es\u0148ovat. Na\u0161e b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed se v\u00a0tomto sm\u011bru zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na typologizaci \u010dasov\u00e9ho za\u0159azen\u00ed v\u00fdstavby v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f \u010di na \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed souvislosti jejich situov\u00e1n\u00ed vzhledem ke vstupn\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m v\u00a0dob\u011b jejich v\u00fdstavby. D\u00e1 se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee typologick\u00e9 \u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed \u010di alespo\u0148 jeho teoretick\u00e1 v\u00fdchodiska budou stanovena na z\u00e1klad\u011b na\u0161eho dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\n P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vznikl v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu V\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 vodojemy\u00a0\u2013 identifikace, dokumentace, prezentace, nov\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed (Program na podporu aplikovan\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a\u00a0v\u00fdvoje NAKI\u00a0II, Ministerstvo kultury \u010cR, k\u00f3d DG18P02OVV010).<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed prvotn\u00ed pokus o systematick\u00e9 pojet\u00ed stanoven\u00ed typologie v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f pro pot\u0159eby \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho projektu V\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 vodojemy \u2013 identifikace, dokumentace, prezentace, nov\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Navazuje na p\u0159edchoz\u00ed stanoven\u00ed odborn\u00e9 terminologie problematiky a definov\u00e1n\u00ed objektu z\u00e1jmu. Z\u00a0typologick\u00e9ho hlediska je na v\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 vodojemy nahl\u00ed\u017eeno jako na ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch technologick\u00fdch celk\u016f\u00a0\u2013 vodovodn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci z\u00e1kladn\u00edho d\u011blen\u00ed je pak sestavena typologie v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f zalo\u017een\u00e1 na v\u00fdb\u011bru parametr\u016f\u00a0\u2013 stavebn\u00ed situace v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f ve vztahu k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm objekt\u016fm, funkce v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f, nosn\u00e1 konstrukce, tvar a\u00a0materi\u00e1l akumula\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee, po\u010det n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0\u00fa\u010del objektu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":6041,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[89],"tags":[1541,608,1540,1427],"coauthors":[595,1405,1406],"class_list":["post-6234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water-technology-water-supply-waste-water-treatment","tag-typologie","tag-vezovy-vodojem","tag-vodovodni-system","tag-vyzkum"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6234","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6234"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6234\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30510,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6234\/revisions\/30510"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6041"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6234"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6234"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6234"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=6234"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Korinek-1.jpg\")
<\/a>\nObr. 1. V\u011b\u017eov\u00fd vodojem v\u00a0Jarom\u011b\u0159i-Josefov\u011b byl vestav\u011bn do star\u0161\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1stavby (archiv projektu, 2018)
\nFig. 1. Elevated water tank in Jarom\u011b\u0159-Josefov was built into the older existing building (project archive, 2018)<\/h6>\nMetoda sestaven\u00ed typologie v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f<\/h2>\n
V\u011b\u017eov\u00fd vodojem jako sou\u010d\u00e1st vodovodn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu<\/h2>\n
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<\/a>\nObr. 2. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed nosn\u00e9 konstrukce v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f; vlevo dr\u00e1\u017en\u00ed v\u011b\u017eov\u00fd vodojem b\u00fdval\u00e9 tzv. B\u00e1\u0148sk\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy v\u00a0Ostrav\u011b (okres Ostrava-m\u011bsto), uzav\u0159en\u00e1 konstrukce je zd\u011bn\u00e1 z\u00a0cihel (syst\u00e9m st\u011bnov\u00fd); uprost\u0159ed v\u011b\u017eov\u00fd vodojem se skeletov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem\u00a0\u2013 otev\u0159enou nosnou konstrukci zde tvo\u0159\u00ed \u017eelezobetonov\u00e9 pil\u00ed\u0159e (B\u00edlina-Chude\u0159ice, okres Teplice); vpravo je z\u00e1stupce kombinovan\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kdy nosnou konstrukci v\u011b\u017eov\u00e9ho vodojemu v\u00a0Chrasti (okres Chrudim) tvo\u0159\u00ed \u0161estice \u017eelezobetonov\u00fdch pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f a\u00a0st\u0159edov\u00fd kruhov\u00fd d\u0159\u00edk s\u00a0potrub\u00edm a\u00a0schodi\u0161t\u011bm (archiv projektu, 2014\u20132018)
\nFig. 2. Solution of the supporting structure of elevated water tanks; on the left is the elevated water tank of the former so-called Mining Railroad in Ostrava, the closed structure\u2028is brick made of bricks (wall system); in the middle of the elevated water tank with the skeletal system\u00a0\u2013 the open support structure is made of reinforced concrete pillars (B\u00edlina-Chude\u0159ice);\u2028on the right is a\u00a0representative of the combined system, where the load-bearing structure of elevated water tank in Chrast (Chrudim district) consists of six reinforced concrete pillars and a\u00a0central circular shaft with a\u00a0pipeline and a\u00a0staircase (project archive, 2014\u20132018)<\/h6>\nTypologie v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f<\/h2>\n
Stavebn\u00ed situace v\u011b\u017eov\u00fdch vodojem\u016f ve vztahu k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm objekt\u016fm<\/h3>\n
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Funkce v\u011b\u017eov\u00e9ho vodojemu<\/h3>\n
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Nosn\u00e1 konstrukce<\/h3>\n
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<\/a>\nObr. 3. V\u011b\u017eov\u00fd vodojem Brno-Kohoutovice s\u00a0ku\u017eelov\u00fdm tvarem \u017eelezobetonov\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee (fotografie: Ond\u0159ej Civ\u00edn, 2018)
\nFig. 3. The elevated water tank in Brno-Kohoutovice with conical shape of concrete reservoir (photo: Ond\u0159ej Civ\u00edn, 2018)<\/h6>\nAkumula\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e\/n\u00e1dr\u017ee<\/h3>\n
Tvar a\u00a0materi\u00e1l akumula\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee<\/h4>\n
Tvary n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed<\/h4>\n
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Materi\u00e1l n\u00e1dr\u017ee<\/h4>\n
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Po\u010det n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed<\/h4>\n
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<\/a>\nObr. 4. Objekt dr\u00e1\u017en\u00edho v\u011b\u017eov\u00e9ho vodojemu v\u00a0Kol\u010di nese celkem p\u011bt n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed (archiv projektu, 2018)
\nFig. 4. The object of the railway elevated water tank in Kole\u010d carries a\u00a0total of five reservoirs (project archive, 2018)<\/h6>\n\u00da\u010del objektu nesouc\u00edho n\u00e1dr\u017e\/n\u00e1dr\u017ee<\/h3>\n
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<\/a>\nObr. 5. Poz\u016fstatky technologie na odstran\u011bn\u00ed \u017eeleza z\u00a0upravovan\u00e9 vody ve v\u011b\u017eov\u00e9m vodojemu v\u00a0Uhersk\u00e9m Hradi\u0161ti (archiv projektu, 2018)
\nFig. 5. Remains of technology for removing iron from the treated water in the elevated water tank in Uhersk\u00e9 Hradi\u0161t\u011b (project archive, 2018)<\/h6>\nZ\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n
<\/a>\nObr. 6. Objekt rozhledny a\u00a0v\u011b\u017eov\u00e9ho vodojemu na Such\u00e9m Vrchu vedle Kram\u00e1\u0159ovy chaty (40. l\u00e9ta 20. stolet\u00ed, archiv Radim Heinich)
\nFig. 6. The object of the lookout tower and the elevated water tank in Such\u00fd Vrch beside to Kram\u00e1\u0159\u2018s\u00a0cottage (40th<\/sup> of the 20th<\/sup> century, archive Radim Heinich)<\/h6>\nPod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n
Pozn\u00e1mky<\/h4>\n
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