{"id":5936,"date":"2019-02-12T12:17:53","date_gmt":"2019-02-12T11:17:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=5936"},"modified":"2024-07-16T14:59:27","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T13:59:27","slug":"interview-with-the-hydrobiologist-rndr-jindrich-duras-ph-d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2019\/02\/interview-with-the-hydrobiologist-rndr-jindrich-duras-ph-d\/","title":{"rendered":"Interview with the hydrobiologist RNDr. Jind\u0159ich Duras, Ph.D."},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pracujete jako hydrobiolog ve st\u00e1tn\u00edm podniku Povod\u00ed Vltavy, p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161\u00edte na Z\u00e1pado\u010desk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b v\u00a0Plzni, jste \u010dlenem mnoha n\u00e1rodn\u00edch i\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch komis\u00ed a\u00a0organizac\u00ed, nap\u0159. jste p\u0159edsedou \u010cesk\u00e9 fosforov\u00e9 platformy, z. s., \u010dlenem V\u00fdboru \u010cesk\u00e9 limnologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, z. s. Va\u0161e p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky pln\u00ed program mnoha konferenc\u00ed, vypad\u00e1 to, \u017ee limnologie nebyla pouze p\u0159edm\u011btem Va\u0161eho studia. Co je na tomto oboru podle V\u00e1s tak zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho?<\/h4>\n

K\u00a0vod\u011b m\u00e1m bl\u00edzko odmali\u010dka, prost\u011b jsem tuhle l\u00e1sku dostal n\u011bjak do v\u00ednku, s\u00a0t\u00edm se u\u017e nedalo nic d\u011blat.<\/p>\n

Voda je \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u0161echno propojuje, a\u00a0to velmi dynamicky. \u017de \u201ebez vody nen\u00ed \u017eivota\u201c, je sice hodn\u011b ohran\u00e1 pou\u010dka, ale po\u0159\u00e1d to vypad\u00e1, \u017ee to ch\u00e1pe jen miziv\u00e9 procento lid\u00ed. Jinak bychom p\u0159ece nemohli v\u00a0krajin\u011b s\u00a0vodou hospoda\u0159it tak b\u00eddn\u011b, jak se d\u011bje. A\u00a0co teprve, kdy\u017e tuhle pou\u010dku nepatrn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee \u201ebez zdrav\u00e9 vody nen\u00ed zdrav\u00e9ho \u017eivota\u201c, \u010di \u017ee \u201ebez zdrav\u00e9ho povod\u00ed nen\u00ed zdrav\u00e9 vody\u201c! To u\u017e doopravdy nech\u00e1pe skoro v\u016fbec nikdo. Jinak bychom p\u0159ece nemohli v\u00a0diskus\u00edch t\u0159eba o\u00a0obsahu pesticid\u016f ve vod\u00e1ch nebo o\u00a0obsahu r\u016fzn\u00fdch mikrokontaminant (nebo dokonce i\u00a0\u017eivin!) v\u00a0komun\u00e1ln\u00edch odpadn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch neust\u00e1le nar\u00e1\u017eet na argumenty \u201eTo je moc drah\u00e9!\u201c Proto\u017ee co je vlastn\u011b drah\u00e9 oproti cen\u011b \u017divota?<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Jste \u010dlov\u011bk s\u00a0velk\u00fdm p\u0159ehledem a\u00a0zku\u0161enostmi, skv\u011bl\u00fd \u0159e\u010dn\u00edk a\u00a0neskute\u010dn\u011b dob\u0159e um\u00edte d\u00e1vat v\u011bci do souvislost\u00ed, proto si neodpust\u00edm ot\u00e1zku, v\u00a0\u010dem podle V\u00e1s tkv\u00ed ten nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed?<\/h4>\n

Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed probl\u00e9m je, \u017ee kdy\u017e u\u017e si polo\u017e\u00edme takovouto d\u016fle\u017eitou ot\u00e1zku, je v\u017edycky sm\u011brovan\u00e1 k\u00a0n\u011b\u010demu konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmu: k\u00a0vod\u011b, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, biodiverzit\u011b, sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m, oce\u00e1n\u016fm, mot\u00fdl\u016fm. A\u00a0v\u00a0takto z\u00fa\u017een\u00e9m r\u00e1mci tu ot\u00e1zku nem\u016f\u017eeme dob\u0159e zodpov\u011bd\u011bt. Je nezbytn\u00e9 z\u00a0r\u00e1mce ot\u00e1zky uniknout a\u00a0\u0159\u00edci, \u017ee nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed je celkov\u00e9 naru\u0161en\u00ed pom\u011br\u016f na Zemi.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edkladem takov\u00e9 chyby rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed problematiky na v\u00edc t\u00e9mat, kter\u00e1 pak ale nelze dob\u0159e \u0159e\u0161it, je sucho. Aby se v\u00a0tom \u0159e\u0161itel\u00e9 vyznali, rozd\u011bl\u00ed si problematiku na sucho hydrologick\u00e9 a\u00a0sucho zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b na dal\u0161\u00ed. A\u00a0pak se hydrologick\u00fdm suchem za\u010dnou zab\u00fdvat tradi\u010dn\u00ed voda\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed to bez p\u0159ehrad prost\u011b \u0159e\u0161it nedok\u00e1\u017eou, a\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdm suchem zem\u011bd\u011blci, kte\u0159\u00ed ho r\u00e1di \u0159e\u0161\u00ed po\u017eadavky na kompenzace ztr\u00e1t a\u00a0po\u017eadavky na vodu pro z\u00e1vlahy. To je v\u00fdborn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed na vynalo\u017een\u00ed obrovsk\u00fdch finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, ani\u017e bychom se dostali k\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010din.<\/p>\n

T\u00edm jsem se dostal k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmu z\u00e1sadn\u00edmu probl\u00e9mu vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, ale vlastn\u011b obecn\u011b na\u0161\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Milujeme \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f a\u00a0nikoli p\u0159\u00ed\u010din.<\/p>\n

Velkou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho profesn\u00edho \u017eivota jste v\u011bnoval rybn\u00edk\u016fm, a\u00a0to hlavn\u011b kvalit\u011b vody v\u00a0nich. A\u010dkoliv ji\u017e pom\u011brn\u011b dob\u0159e zn\u00e1me prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed procesy v\u00a0rybn\u00edc\u00edch, m\u00e1me pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 technologie, st\u00e1le se neda\u0159\u00ed kvalitu vody v\u00a0t\u011bchto ekosyst\u00e9mech zlep\u0161it, nebo se pletu?<\/h4>\n

Ne, nepletete. Je to tak. Na vin\u011b je spousta faktor\u016f. Od \u0159\u00e1dov\u00e9ho zintenzivn\u011bn\u00ed hospoda\u0159en\u00ed na rybn\u00edc\u00edch po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, p\u0159es obecn\u00e9 zm\u011bny hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0krajin\u011b a\u017e po vliv odpadn\u00edch vod z\u00a0m\u011bst a\u00a0obc\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se na ten v\u00fd\u010det pod\u00edv\u00e1me, skoro by se zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161inu faktor\u016f bychom dok\u00e1zali z\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti napravit. Bohu\u017eel v\u00a0z\u00e1sad\u011b nic u\u017e nejde \u201evr\u00e1tit do p\u016fvodn\u00edho stavu\u201c. Proces ni\u010den\u00ed na\u0161eho prost\u0159ed\u00ed vid\u00edm jako stroj, jeho\u017e ozuben\u00e1 kola pracuj\u00ed pouze sm\u011brem dop\u0159edu.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rybn\u00edk\u016f n\u00e1m hodn\u011b vad\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed invazn\u00edch druh\u016f. Jeden z\u00a0nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch invazn\u00edch organism\u016f jsou sinice, kter\u00e9 jsme si celosv\u011btov\u011b sv\u011bdomit\u011b nap\u011bstovali na slou\u010denin\u00e1ch fosforu vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch do vod. Pr\u00e1v\u011b sinice n\u00e1m dnes nedovoluj\u00ed snadno zlep\u0161it kvalitu vody nejen v\u00a0rybn\u00edc\u00edch, ale ani v\u00a0p\u0159ehradn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch. Jsou toti\u017e velmi \u0161ikovn\u00e9. Dnes u\u017e prost\u011b nesta\u010d\u00ed \u201ejen\u201c sn\u00ed\u017eit vstup fosforu do rybn\u00edka \u010di sn\u00ed\u017eit ryb\u00ed obs\u00e1dku.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Rybn\u00edky jsou \u010dasto zmi\u0148ov\u00e1ny jako jedna z\u00a0mo\u017enost\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed retence vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b. Jak\u00fd n\u00e1zor na budov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di obnovu rybn\u00edk\u016f m\u00e1te Vy?<\/h4>\n

J\u00e1 m\u00e1m rybn\u00edky r\u00e1d. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee krajin\u011b dok\u00e1\u017eou velmi mnoho p\u0159in\u00e9st. Nejedn\u00e1 se jen o\u00a0zadr\u017een\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 vody, ale ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f i\u00a0o\u00a0retenci podzemn\u00ed vody. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je jist\u011b i\u00a0p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd vliv na mikroklima, biodiverzitu,\u2026 Tak\u017ee za m\u011b rybn\u00edky ano, ALE \u2013 rybn\u00edky maj\u00ed v\u00fdznam p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0kontextu se s\u00e9ri\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch zm\u011bn ve prosp\u011bch retence vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b. Samotn\u00fd rybn\u00edk situaci obvykle nevytrhne. Zejm\u00e9na pokud se nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0povod\u00ed hospoda\u0159\u00ed erozn\u011b rizikov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem nebo pokud nen\u00ed vy\u0159e\u0161eno \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod. Pak si nov\u00fdm rybn\u00edkem jen vytvo\u0159\u00edme dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my do budoucna. Ob\u00e1v\u00e1m se, \u017ee podpora budov\u00e1n\u00ed rybn\u00edk\u016f, by mohla vyvolat klamn\u00fd dojem, \u017ee jsme sucho kone\u010dn\u011b opravdu za\u010dali \u0159e\u0161it. To by bylo \u0161patn\u011b, proto\u017ee bez zm\u011bn komplexn\u00edch se jedn\u00e1 pouze o\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed \u201ehru na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n

Jste zakladatelem \u010cesk\u00e9 fosforov\u00e9 platformy, co V\u00e1s vedlo k\u00a0tomuto kroku?<\/h4>\n

Dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta jsem bojoval za d\u016fle\u017eitost fosforu. V\u011bt\u0161ina tohoto \u00fasil\u00ed byla dost marn\u00e1. Te\u010f to vypad\u00e1, \u017ee u\u017e je fosfor kone\u010dn\u011b ch\u00e1p\u00e1n s\u00a0odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enost\u00ed, ale nen\u00ed tomu tak. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0mnoha d\u016fkaz\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z\u00a0m\u00e9ho pohledu trapn\u00e1 tahanice o\u00a0zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed emisn\u00edch standard\u016f pro fosfor v\u00a0r\u00e1mci novelizace na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010d. 401\/2015. Zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed nepro\u0161lo dote\u010f. O\u00a0recyklaci fosforu z\u00a0odpadn\u00edch vod, na kter\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed vysp\u011bl\u00e9 st\u00e1ty sv\u011bta, se u\u00a0n\u00e1s je\u0161t\u011b ani v\u00e1\u017en\u011bji nemluv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

To je ov\u0161em jen \u00fazk\u00e1 v\u00fdse\u010d problematiky fosforu. Fosfor je tak\u00e9 surovinou, kter\u00e1 rychle doch\u00e1z\u00ed a\u00a0b\u011bhem cca 150\u00a0let tak\u00e9 dojde. Hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s\u00a0fosforem se t\u00fdk\u00e1 velmi z\u00e1sadn\u011b zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0t\u0159eba tak\u00e9 nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0potravinami. Cht\u011bli jsme proto zalo\u017eit jakousi platformu pro sd\u00edlen\u00ed informac\u00ed pro aktivn\u00ed podporu \u00favah, kudy na fosfor chyt\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Je velice t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 bojovat v\u00a0t\u00e9to zemi za \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde berete energii ke sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci? Posledn\u00ed roky vid\u00edme i\u00a0c\u00edt\u00edme dopady klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny, adaptace si vy\u017eaduje okam\u017eitou a\u00a0rychlou zm\u011bnu a\u00a0j\u00e1 m\u00e1m \u010dasto pocit, \u017ee lidstvo nen\u00ed takov\u00e9 zm\u011bny schopno. Jak to vid\u00edte Vy, pat\u0159\u00edte mezi optimisty \u010di sp\u00ed\u0161e pesimisty?<\/h4>\n

S\u00a0dostatkem energie jsem se u\u017e asi narodil a\u00a0asi tak\u00e9 s\u00a0optimismem. Ten si zachov\u00e1vat je st\u00e1le n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee z\u0159ejm\u011b bez z\u00e1sadn\u00edho pr\u016f\u0161vihu pro na\u0161i civilizaci v\u00fdvoj k\u00a0lep\u0161\u00edmu obr\u00e1tit nedok\u00e1\u017eeme. M\u011b tohle samoz\u0159ejm\u011b mrz\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 je demotivuj\u00edc\u00ed sledovat v\u00fdroky a\u00a0skutky nejen politik\u016f a\u00a0velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti ob\u010dan\u016f, kter\u00fdm v\u016fbec nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed, o\u00a0co se vlastn\u011b hraje, ale tak\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u00fazce zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f neschopn\u00fdch vid\u011bt problematiku jako celek. M\u00fdm c\u00edlem nen\u00ed spasit sv\u011bt, proto\u017ee jednak to nejde a\u00a0jednak je to podle dr. Honz\u00e1ka i\u00a0nejlep\u0161\u00ed cesta k\u00a0vyho\u0159en\u00ed. Sna\u017e\u00edm se d\u011blat maximum, co j\u00e1 s\u00e1m mohu, a\u00a0kdy\u017e se mi to da\u0159\u00ed, m\u00e1m dobr\u00fd pocit.<\/p>\n

Pat\u0159\u00edte k\u00a0p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00edm, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli prezentaci na ka\u017ed\u00e9m ro\u010dn\u00edku konference Rybn\u00edky, dalo by se \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee jste \u201etv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\u201c t\u00e9to konference. Po volb\u00e1ch jste se stal i\u00a0p\u0159edsedou Komise \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u011bsta Plzn\u011b, proto bych se V\u00e1s r\u00e1da zeptala, m\u016f\u017eeme se na V\u00e1s t\u011b\u0161it i\u00a0v\u00a0leto\u0161n\u00edm roce?<\/h4>\n

Ano, aktivit m\u00e1m spoustu, tak si nejsem jist, jestli se mi poda\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ipravit n\u011bco nov\u00e9ho zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho. Ale \u00fa\u010dast rozhodn\u011b nevynech\u00e1m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Interview with the hydrobiologist RNDr. Jind\u0159ich Duras, Ph.D., Chairman of the Czech Phosphor Platform, s., Member of the Committee of the Czech Limnological Society.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5911,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[1299,120,1524],"coauthors":[685],"class_list":["post-5936","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","tag-hydrobiology","tag-interview","tag-phosphorus-platform"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5936","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5936"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5936\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30497,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5936\/revisions\/30497"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5911"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5936"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5936"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5936"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=5936"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}