{"id":5917,"date":"2019-02-12T12:16:55","date_gmt":"2019-02-12T11:16:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=5917"},"modified":"2024-07-16T14:58:31","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T13:58:31","slug":"posli-to-dal-aneb-z-ceho-pruhonicky-park-vyrabi-biomasu-sinic-pro-nadrz-hostivar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2019\/02\/posli-to-dal-aneb-z-ceho-pruhonicky-park-vyrabi-biomasu-sinic-pro-nadrz-hostivar\/","title":{"rendered":"Pay it forward \u2013 Alias from which is the Pr\u016fhonice Park producing biomass of cyanobacteria for the Hostiva\u0159 water reservoir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

 <\/p>\n

Souhrn<\/h2>\n

Pam\u00e1tku UNESCO\u00a0\u2013 Pr\u016fhonick\u00fd park nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b statis\u00edce lid\u00ed. Pohled na parkov\u00e9 rybn\u00edky je v\u0161ak v\u00a0posledn\u00edch p\u011bti letech nev\u00e1bn\u00fd, proto\u017ee je zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch pokryt souvislou vrstvou sinic tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch vodn\u00ed kv\u011bt. Spr\u00e1va parku investovala v\u00edce ne\u017e 100\u2008mil. K\u010d do obnovy krajinn\u00fdch sceneri\u00ed a\u00a0dendrologick\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de, ale p\u00e1chnouc\u00ed vodn\u00ed prvky v\u00a0parku (syst\u00e9m jez\u016f, tok\u016f a\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed) p\u016fsob\u00ed na n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky odpudiv\u011b. Z\u00a0pr\u016fzkumu p\u0159\u00edtok\u016f do parku vyplynulo, \u017ee zdroje skokov\u00e9ho zhor\u0161en\u00ed kvality vody jsou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dva: 1) rychl\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst obyvatel\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159et\u011b\u017eovan\u00e9 \u010dist\u00edrny odpadn\u00edch vod bez terci\u00e1ln\u00edho \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0sam\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti parku a\u00a02) skokov\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst zast\u0159e\u0161en\u00fdch, zpevn\u011bn\u00fdch bezodtokov\u00fdch ploch satelitn\u00edch s\u00eddli\u0161\u0165 a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch staveb v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1kupn\u00edch z\u00f3n. V\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 zdroje \u017eivin jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro biomasu sinic, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed podstatn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hydraulick\u00fd stres pro koryta tok\u016f. N\u00e1sledn\u00e9 plaveniny i\u00a0splaveniny se usazuj\u00ed v\u00a0podob\u011b sediment\u016f v\u00a0rybn\u00edc\u00edch\u00a0Pr\u016fhonick\u00e9ho parku a\u00a0p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed tak v\u00a0sezon\u011b k\u00a0masov\u00e9mu rozvoji sinic. Vzhledem k\u00a0dlouhodob\u00e9mu p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed sinic v\u00a0bahn\u011b slou\u017eily rybn\u00edky v\u00a0Pr\u016fhonick\u00e9m parku v\u00a0posledn\u00edch t\u0159ech letech jako v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 p\u0159edkultiva\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro sinice, kter\u00e9 byly tokem Boti\u010d odplaveny do vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159. Probl\u00e9m siln\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody v\u00a0Pr\u016fhonick\u00e9m parku je t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it s\u00a0ohledem na hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0okoln\u00ed krajin\u011b. V\u00a0roce 2015 si proto na\u0161e pracovi\u0161t\u011b nechalo zpracovat studii proveditelnosti zam\u011b\u0159enou na n\u00e1vrh re\u00e1ln\u00fdch revitaliza\u010dn\u00edch, protipovod\u0148ov\u00fdch a\u00a0protierozn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0horn\u00edm povod\u00ed Boti\u010de. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed studie bylo doporu\u010den\u00ed zp\u016fsobu spr\u00e1vy ekologicky hodnotn\u00fdch a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch \u00fasek\u016f vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a\u00a0\u00fasek\u016f (zbytky mok\u0159ad\u016f, zachovalej\u0161\u00edch b\u0159ehov\u00fdch porost\u016f a\u00a0lu\u017en\u00edch les\u016f nebo k\u0159ovin) a\u00a0zlep\u0161en\u00ed u\u00a0naru\u0161en\u00fdch \u00fasek\u016f (zatrubn\u011bn\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edmen\u00ed). Jde o\u00a0komplex organiza\u010dn\u00edch (nap\u0159. dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed standard\u016f Dobr\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho a\u00a0environment\u00e1ln\u00edho stavu p\u016fdy\u00a0\u2013 GAEC podporuj\u00edc\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 hospoda\u0159en\u00ed), agrotechnick\u00fdch (protierozn\u00ed orba) a\u00a0technick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed (v\u00fdstavba such\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed na v\u0161ech hlavn\u00edch vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch povod\u00ed Boti\u010de, meze, pr\u016flehy, hr\u00e1zky, zasakovac\u00ed p\u00e1sy, protierozn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkopy, terasy, sanace str\u017e\u00ed), jejich\u017e realizace v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduje spolupr\u00e1ci mnoha subjekt\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

Pam\u00e1tku UNESCO\u00a0\u2013 Pr\u016fhonick\u00fd park nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b statis\u00edce lid\u00ed. Pohled na parkov\u00e9 rybn\u00edky je v\u0161ak v\u00a0posledn\u00edch p\u011bti letech nev\u00e1bn\u00fd a\u00a0nevonn\u00fd, proto\u017ee je zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch pokryt souvislou vrstvou sinic tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch vodn\u00ed kv\u011bt (obr. 1b<\/em> a\u00a02<\/em>). V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu vegeta\u010dn\u00ed sezony dominuje rod Microcystis<\/em> dopln\u011bn\u00fd z\u00a0jara rody Dolichospermum<\/em> a\u00a0Aphanizomenon<\/em>, od srpna do konce sezony podporovan\u00fd rodem Planktothrix<\/em>. Spr\u00e1va parku investovala v\u00edce ne\u017e 100\u2008mil. K\u010d do obnovy krajinn\u00fdch sceneri\u00ed a\u00a0dendrologick\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de, ale p\u00e1chnouc\u00ed vodn\u00ed prvky v\u00a0parku (syst\u00e9m jez\u016f, tok\u016f a\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed) p\u016fsob\u00ed na n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky odpudiv\u011b. Z\u00a0pr\u016fzkumu p\u0159\u00edtok\u016f do parku vyplynulo, \u017ee zdroje skokov\u00e9ho zhor\u0161en\u00ed kvality vody jsou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dva: 1) rychl\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst obyvatel a\u00a0p\u0159et\u011b\u017eovan\u00e9 \u010dist\u00edrny odpadn\u00edch vod bez terci\u00e1ln\u00edho \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0sam\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti parku (Zdim\u011b\u0159ice, Dob\u0159ejovice, Jesenice-Osnice) a\u00a02) skokov\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst zast\u0159e\u0161en\u00fdch, zpevn\u011bn\u00fdch bezodtokov\u00fdch ploch satelitn\u00edch s\u00eddli\u0161\u0165 a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch staveb v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1kupn\u00edch z\u00f3n, za\u00fast\u011bn\u00fdch do Jesenick\u00e9ho a\u00a0Dob\u0159ejovick\u00e9ho potoka a\u00a0do Boti\u010de (obr. 3<\/em>). Boti\u010d je na pr\u016ftoku Prahou se sv\u00fdmi 21\u2008km z\u00a0celkov\u00fdch 34,5\u2008km jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejdel\u0161\u00edch jejich potok\u016f. Plocha jeho povod\u00ed je 135,79 km2<\/sup> a pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd pr\u016ftok \u010din\u00ed 0,44\u2008m3<\/sup>\/s. Boti\u010d pramen\u00ed severn\u011b od obce K\u0159\u00ed\u017ekov\u00fd \u00dajezdec, prot\u00e9k\u00e1 p\u0159es \u010cen\u011btice, Kocandu, Pr\u016fhonick\u00fdm parkem p\u0159es rybn\u00edky Bo\u0159\u00edn a\u00a0Labe\u0161ka a\u00a0m\u00edsty zalesn\u011bn\u00fdm \u00fadol\u00edm Pr\u016fhonic meandruje p\u0159es K\u0159eslice do Prahy [1, 2].<\/p>\n

V\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 zdroje \u017eivin jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro biomasu sinic, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed podstatn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hydraulick\u00fd stres pro koryta tok\u016f. N\u00e1sledn\u00e9 plaveniny i\u00a0splaveniny se usazuj\u00ed v\u00a0podob\u011b sediment\u016f v\u00a0rybn\u00edc\u00edch\u00a0Pr\u016fhonick\u00e9ho\u00a0parku\u00a0(Bo\u0159\u00edn, Labe\u0161ka a\u00a0Podz\u00e1meck\u00fd), a\u00a0p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed tak v\u00a0sezon\u011b k\u00a0masov\u00e9mu rozvoji sinic. Vzhledem k\u00a0dlouhodob\u00e9mu p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed sinic v\u00a0bahn\u011b slou\u017eily rybn\u00edky v\u00a0Pr\u016fhonick\u00e9m parku v\u00a0posledn\u00edch t\u0159ech letech jako v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 p\u0159edkultiva\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro sinice, kter\u00e9 byly tokem Boti\u010d odplaveny do vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159, kter\u00e1 je ur\u010dena pro rekreaci, ryb\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a\u00a0slou\u017e\u00ed i\u00a0k\u00a0ochran\u011b proti povodn\u00edm. Jej\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je tak\u00e9 mal\u00e1 vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rna.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 1a. Mapa odb\u011brov\u00fdch m\u00edst
\nFig. 1a. Map of sampling points<\/h6>\n\"\"<\/a>\n
Obr. 1b. Podz\u00e1meck\u00fd rybn\u00edk s\u00a0vodn\u00edm kv\u011btem v\u00a0roce 2018
\nFig. 1b. Podz\u00e1meck\u00fd pond\u00a0\u2013 cyanobacteria water bloom in 2018<\/h6>\n

Domn\u00edv\u00e1me se, \u017ee probl\u00e9m siln\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody v\u00a0Pr\u016fhonick\u00e9m parku je t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it s\u00a0ohledem na hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0okoln\u00ed krajin\u011b. V\u00a0roce 2015 si proto na\u0161e pracovi\u0161t\u011b nechalo zpracovat studii proveditelnosti zam\u011b\u0159enou na n\u00e1vrh re\u00e1ln\u00fdch revitaliza\u010dn\u00edch, protipovod\u0148ov\u00fdch a\u00a0protierozn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0horn\u00edm povod\u00ed Boti\u010de. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed studie bylo doporu\u010den\u00ed zp\u016fsobu spr\u00e1vy ekologicky hodnotn\u00fdch a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch \u00fasek\u016f vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a\u00a0\u00fasek\u016f (zbytky mok\u0159ad\u016f, zachovalej\u0161\u00edch b\u0159ehov\u00fdch porost\u016f a\u00a0lu\u017en\u00edch les\u016f nebo k\u0159ovin) a\u00a0zlep\u0161en\u00ed u\u00a0naru\u0161en\u00fdch \u00fasek\u016f (zatrubn\u011bn\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edmen\u00ed). Jde o\u00a0komplex organiza\u010dn\u00edch (nap\u0159. dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed standard\u016f Dobr\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho a\u00a0environment\u00e1ln\u00edho stavu p\u016fdy\u00a0\u2013 GAEC podporuj\u00edc\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 hospoda\u0159en\u00ed), agrotechnick\u00fdch (protierozn\u00ed orba) a\u00a0technick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed (v\u00fdstavba such\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed na v\u0161ech hlavn\u00edch vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch povod\u00ed Boti\u010de, meze, pr\u016flehy, hr\u00e1zky, zasakovac\u00ed p\u00e1sy, protierozn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkopy, terasy, sanace str\u017e\u00ed; bl\u00ed\u017ee viz [1] a\u00a0obr. 4<\/em>).<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 2. Vodn\u00ed kv\u011bt sinic\u00a0\u2013 Podz\u00e1meck\u00fd rybn\u00edk (l\u00e9to 2016)
\nFig. 2. Cyanobacteria water bloom\u00a0\u2013 Podz\u00e1meck\u00fd pond (summer 2016)<\/h6>\n

Pr\u016fzkum kvality vody p\u0159\u00edtok\u016f do parku a\u00a0vodn\u00edch prvk\u016f v\u00a0parku<\/h2>\n

C\u00edlem sledov\u00e1n\u00ed je vytipovat zdroje zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00fdm je ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1na kvalita vody p\u0159it\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed do Pr\u016fhonick\u00e9ho parku a\u00a0kvalita vody vodn\u00edch prvk\u016f samotn\u00fdch. Obr\u00e1zek 1a<\/em> zobrazuje sledovan\u00e9 lokality v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u011bkolik\u00e1t\u00e9ho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed budou navr\u017eena p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed vedouc\u00ed ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed kvality vody v\u00a0parku a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b i\u00a0ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed kvality vody vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hostiva\u0159.<\/p>\n

Metody m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b-chemick\u00e9 parametry in-situ <\/em>byly stanovov\u00e1ny pomoc\u00ed multiparametrick\u00e9 sondy YSI 6600 (obr. 5<\/em>), vzorky pro anal\u00fdzy fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b-chemick\u00fdch parametr\u016f byly odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny podle \u010cSN EN ISO 5667 jako\u017eto sm\u011bsn\u00fd vzorek. Kvantifikace fytoplanktonu byla stanovov\u00e1na fluorescen\u010dn\u011b pomoc\u00ed sondy FluoroProbe (bbeMoldaenke) a\u00a0determinace fytoplanktonu pomoc\u00ed sv\u011bteln\u00e9ho mikroskopu s\u00a0fluorescenc\u00ed Olympus BX60. Chemick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy byly provedeny v\u00a0laborato\u0159i spektrofotometricky pomoc\u00ed kyvetov\u00fdch test\u016f HachLange. V\u00fdsledky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed shrnuj\u00ed tabulky 1<\/em> a\u017e 3<\/em>.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Byly sledov\u00e1ny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed ukazatele kvality vody: chemick\u00e1 spot\u0159eba kysl\u00edku (CHSKCr<\/sub>), celkov\u00fd organick\u00fd uhl\u00edk (TOC), celkov\u00fd fosfor (Pc), biodostupn\u00fd fosfor\u00a0\u2013 fosf\u00e1tov\u00fd fosfor (P-PO4<\/sub>3-<\/sup>), amoniak\u00e1ln\u00ed dus\u00edk (N-NH4<\/sub>–<\/sup>), dusi\u010dnanov\u00fd dus\u00edk (N-NO3<\/sub>–<\/sup>).<\/p>\n

Nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 hodnoty jsou porovn\u00e1ny se standardy ukazatel\u016f p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vod, kter\u00e9 jsou d\u00e1ny na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm vl\u00e1dy \u010d. 401\/2015 o\u00a0ukazatel\u00edch a\u00a0hodnot\u00e1ch p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed povrchov\u00fdch a\u00a0odpadn\u00edch vod [4]. Odkazujeme zejm. na tabulky s\u00a0emisn\u00edmi standardy a\u00a0koncentrace ukazatel\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod. Vzhledem k\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed n\u00e1s zaj\u00edmaly hodnoty p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed povrchov\u00fdch vod a\u00a0vod u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pro vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, koup\u00e1n\u00ed osob a\u00a0kaprov\u00e9 vody (hodnoty jsou v\u00a0tabulce 1<\/em> ozna\u010deny \u010derven\u011b\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pro povrchov\u00e9 vody ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br, mod\u0159e\u00a0\u2013 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 vody\u00a0\u2013 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed masa a\u00a0v\u00fdroba masn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f, emisn\u00ed standardy: p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 hodnoty zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pro vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody, zelen\u011b\u00a0\u2013 kategorie \u010cOV do 2 000 EO, p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 hodnoty, oran\u017eov\u011b\u00a0\u2013 kategorie \u010cOV do 10 000 EO, p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 hodnoty).<\/p>\n

Tabulka 1. Chemick\u00e9 parametry p\u0159\u00edtok\u016f do parku (l\u00e9to 2017), viz tak\u00e9 obr. 6 a\u00a07
\nTable 1. Chemical characteristics of inflow to the park (summer 2017) (see picture no. 6 and 7)<\/h5>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 hodnoty odtok\u016f z\u00a0\u010cOV nep\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed povolen\u00e9 limity (viz\u00a0tabulka 1<\/em>) vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod vnos \u017eivin je dostate\u010dn\u00fd pro rozvoj vodn\u00edho kv\u011btu sinic (240\u2008mg\/l chlorofylu v\u00a0Podz\u00e1meck\u00e9m rybn\u00edku, jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed tabulka<\/em>\u00a02<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Tabulka 2. Kvantifikace fytoplanktonu v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edtoku do Podz\u00e1meck\u00e9ho rybn\u00edku (viz obr. 8) a\u00a0v\u00a0rybn\u00edku samotn\u00e9m (l\u00e9to 2016)
\nTable 2. Phytoplankton quantification of pond inflow and Podz\u00e1meck\u00fd pond (see picture no. 8) (summer 2016)<\/h5>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Diskuse a\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

Pr\u016fhonick\u00fd park je cen\u011bn pro svou estetickou a\u00a0historickou hodnotu, kterou v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech degraduje masov\u00fd rozvoj sinic v\u00a0toc\u00edch a\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch parku. Proto\u017ee jde o\u00a0problematiku, kter\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159ekra\u010duje hranice parku a\u00a0kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 zdroje zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mimo park, jsou p\u0159ipravov\u00e1na opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla integrovat aktivity v\u00a0povod\u00ed tok\u016f p\u0159it\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00edch do parku. C\u00edlem pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed je omezen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsunu \u017eivin a\u00a0organick\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159it\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00edch z\u00a0okoln\u00edch obc\u00ed do Pr\u016fhonick\u00e9ho parku a\u00a0v\u00a0d\u016fsledku toho omezen\u00ed rozvoje vodn\u00edho kv\u011btu sinic.<\/p>\n

Tabulka 3. Fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b chemick\u00e9 parametry vodn\u00edch prvk\u016f v\u00a0Pr\u016fhonick\u00e9m parku m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 in-situ pomoc\u00ed multiparametrick\u00e9 sondy YSI 6600 (l\u00e9to 2016)
\nTable 3. Physical-chemical parameters of water in Pr\u016fhonick\u00fd park\u00a0\u2013 measured by multiparametric probe YSI 6600 (summer 2016)<\/h5>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

V\u00a0prv\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b je pot\u0159eba dokon\u010dit aktualizaci zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, a\u00a0to m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm vybran\u00fdch parametr\u016f p\u0159\u00edmo na m\u00edst\u011b (in-situ<\/em> monitoring) s\u00a0c\u00edlem podchytit variabilitu v\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u00edch hydrologick\u00fdch ud\u00e1lostech. P\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 hodnoty sledovan\u00fdch l\u00e1tek jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou nastaveny na ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011bry, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 hodnoty v\u011bt\u0161inou tyto limity p\u0159esahuj\u00ed, a\u00a0to ve zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vysok\u00fdch koncentrac\u00edch na odtoc\u00edch z\u00a0\u010cOV nebo rybn\u00edk\u016f (tabulky 1\u20133<\/em>), kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed ze sediment\u016f nebo \u010dinnost\u00ed sinic a\u00a0ryb. Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 povrchov\u00e9 vody ale poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0\u010dern\u00fdch \u00fanik\u016f odpadn\u00edch vod i\u00a0z\u00a0os\u00eddlen\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, co\u017e je patrn\u00e9 zejm. v\u00a0dob\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9ho pr\u016ftoku, kdy byly opakovan\u011b pod\u00e1v\u00e1ny podn\u011bty na\u00a0\u010cI\u017dP.<\/p>\n

Voda v\u00a0potoc\u00edch (Jesenick\u00fd\/Zdim\u011b\u0159ick\u00fd, Boti\u010d a\u00a0Dob\u0159ejovick\u00fd) s\u00a0sebou nese \u017eiviny a\u00a0zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nejen pro rybn\u00edky v\u00a0parku. V\u00a0povod\u00ed t\u011bchto potok\u016f se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e Osnice (pod stejnojmennou obc\u00ed) a\u00a0Nov\u00fd rybn\u00edk (pod Dob\u0159ejovicemi), kter\u00e9 ji\u017e nyn\u00ed slou\u017e\u00ed jako zdroj sinic, kter\u00e9 se n\u00e1sledn\u011b mno\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0Pr\u016fhonick\u00e9m parku. N\u00e1dr\u017e Osnice, kter\u00e1 slou\u017eila jako sedimenta\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e, v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b proch\u00e1z\u00ed odbahn\u011bn\u00edm a\u00a0rekonstrukc\u00ed hr\u00e1ze. Po jej\u00edm op\u011btovn\u00e9m napu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bude nutn\u00e9 kontrolovat vstupy a\u00a0zdroje \u017eivin v\u00a0t\u00e9to lokalit\u011b. N\u00e1dr\u017e Nov\u00fd rybn\u00edk je dal\u0161\u00edm detekovan\u00fdm zdrojem sinic pro park a\u00a0tak\u00e9 zde bude nutn\u00e1 revize a\u00a0identifikace zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 3. N\u00e1r\u016fst z\u00e1stavby v\u00a0okol\u00ed Pr\u016fhonick\u00e9ho parku za posledn\u00edch zhruba 50\u00a0let (autor: M. Voj\u00edk); \u010derven\u011b jsou zv\u00fdrazn\u011bny nyn\u00ed zastav\u011bn\u00e9 plochy; poza\u010fov\u00e1 barva zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje r\u016fzn\u00e1 katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed
\nFig. 3. Expansion of built-up areas in the vicinity of the Pr\u016fhonice park<\/h6>\n

Problematickou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je reten\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e pod \u010dist\u00edrnou odpadn\u00edch vod Jesenice, kde je v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nahromad\u011bno v\u00edce ne\u017e 1,5 metru anaerobn\u00edho zap\u00e1chaj\u00edc\u00edho sedimentu (obr. 6<\/em> a\u00a07<\/em>), a\u00a0to i\u00a0p\u0159es skute\u010dnost, \u017ee tato n\u00e1dr\u017e byla \u010di\u0161t\u011bna p\u0159ed \u010dty\u0159mi roky. To dokazuje excesivn\u00ed zdroje zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0t\u00e9to lokalit\u011b a\u00a0nutnost je identifikovat. Odb\u011bry a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 a\u00a0biologick\u00e9 rozbory t\u011bchto sediment\u016f jsou v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 4. Projekt revitalizace horn\u00edho povod\u00ed Boti\u010de (se svolen\u00edm zpracovatele projektu upravil M. Voj\u00edk)
\nFig. 4. Revitalization of the Boti\u010d stream flowing through Pr\u016fhonice park<\/h6>\n

Po ukon\u010den\u00ed f\u00e1ze identifikace zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody jmenovan\u00fdch potok\u016f (budou-li finan\u010dn\u00ed zdroje), bude v\u00a0letech 2019\u20132020 p\u0159ikro\u010deno k\u00a0n\u00e1vrhu a\u00a0realizaci opat\u0159en\u00ed jak na p\u0159\u00edtoc\u00edch do parku, tak v\u00a0parku samotn\u00e9m. V\u00a0parku budou v\u00a0leto\u0161n\u00edm roce kvantifikov\u00e1ny sedimenty v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch a\u00a0toc\u00edch, bude realizov\u00e1no omezen\u00ed, resp. \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed stavu ryb\u00ed obs\u00e1dky a\u00a0kontrola kvality vody na odtoku z\u00a0parku. M\u00edsta se stagnuj\u00edc\u00ed vodou je t\u0159eba zpr\u016fto\u010dnit, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it provzdu\u0161\u0148ovac\u00ed prvky. Na Podz\u00e1meck\u00e9m rybn\u00edku budou navr\u017eena alternativn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed tak, aby mohlo b\u00fdt rozhodnuto, zda sedimenty vyt\u011b\u017eit, nebo o\u0161et\u0159it na m\u00edst\u011b tak, aby neuvol\u0148ovaly \u017eiviny a\u00a0sinice. Anal\u00fdzy mocnosti a\u00a0slo\u017een\u00ed sediment\u016f Podz\u00e1meck\u00e9ho rybn\u00edka budou pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b realizov\u00e1ny v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu let 2019 a\u00a02020 a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b pak bude mo\u017eno realizovat projekt a\u00a0vodopr\u00e1vn\u00ed povolen\u00ed na revitalizaci t\u00e9to n\u00e1dr\u017ee.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 5. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed sondou YSI, batymetrie Podz\u00e1meck\u00e9ho rybn\u00edka a\u00a0pr\u016ftok\u016f na p\u0159\u00edtoc\u00edch (\u0159\u00edjen 2016)
\nFig. 5. Measuring by YSI probe, bathymetric measurement and flow measurement on tributaries of Boti\u010d (October 2016)<\/h6>\n

Celkov\u011b je ale t\u0159eba k\u00a0n\u00e1prav\u011b stavu p\u0159istoupit komplexn\u011b z\u00a0pohledu nejen hydrologie Boti\u010de, ale tak\u00e9 krajiny, proto\u017ee bez vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch vazeb na hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0okoln\u00edch pozemc\u00edch povod\u00ed nem\u00e1me \u0161anci podchytit zdroje zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, nato\u017e dos\u00e1hnout preventivn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0podob\u011b revitalizac\u00ed a\u00a0regulac\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed. Jsme si samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v\u011bdomi, \u017ee realizace revitaliza\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed si \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 vz\u00e1jemnou spolupr\u00e1ci mnoha subjekt\u016f, a\u00a0proto je zde d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd management a\u00a0\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed cel\u00e9 akce. Je nutn\u00e9 oslovit vlastn\u00edky, hospod\u00e1\u0159e (zem\u011bd\u011blce, vodohospod\u00e1\u0159e, investory), st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vu i\u00a0samospr\u00e1vu. O\u00a0n\u00e1\u0161 krajin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup projevil z\u00e1jem Institut pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0rozvoje hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Prahy, co\u017e by mohlo p\u0159in\u00e9st k\u00fd\u017eenou koordinaci. V\u00edme, \u017ee bez pomoci specialist\u016f\/krajinn\u00fdch in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f se neobejdeme. Up\u0159ednost\u0148ujeme v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsoby revitalizac\u00ed, jak jsme p\u0159edeslali na setk\u00e1n\u00ed \u010cSKI minul\u00fd rok [1]. R\u00e1di bychom t\u00edmto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem otev\u0159eli diskusi k\u00a0\u0161irok\u00e9 problematice p\u00e9\u010de o\u00a0krajinu v\u00a0rychle se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm okol\u00ed jihov\u00fdchodn\u011b od Prahy s\u00a0c\u00edlem ochrany p\u0159\u00edrodn\u011b-kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu, jak\u00fdm Pr\u016fhonick\u00fd park bezesporu je. Pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u00edmto se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 i\u00a0n\u00e1\u0161 projekt \u0159e\u0161en\u00fd ve spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0Ministerstvem kultury.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 6. Reten\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e pod \u010cOV Jesenice v\u00a0parku (\u0159\u00edjen 2016)
\nFig. 6. Retention basin below the WWTP Jesenice in park (October 2016)<\/h6>\n

Obecnou problematikou ekologick\u00e9 infrastruktury krajiny (tj. drobn\u00e9 vodn\u00ed toky, mok\u0159ady, rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e1 zele\u0148) a\u00a0rol\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v\u00a0procesu ochrany, spr\u00e1vy a\u00a0pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed se zab\u00fdval leto\u0161n\u00ed semin\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00fd organizovala Platforma pro krajinu ve spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0Komis\u00ed pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed AV \u010cR. Platforma pro krajinu na n\u011bm iniciovala zhotoven\u00ed podkladu pro tvorbu z\u00e1kladn\u00edho dokumentu \u201ePolitika krajiny \u010cR\u201c p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00edho vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch z\u00e1sad, strategi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159ijet\u00ed specifick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na ochranu, spr\u00e1vu a\u00a0pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed ekologick\u00e9 infrastruktury krajiny. Bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed informace naleznete na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Platformy pro krajinu (www.nasekrajina.eu), kterou koordinuje Botanick\u00fd \u00fastav AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 7. Reten\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e pod \u010cOV Jesenice v\u00a0parku\u00a0\u2013 anaerobie s\u00a0bublinkami metanu (\u0159\u00edjen 2016)
\nFig. 7. Retention basin below the WWTP Jesenice in park (October 2016)\u00a0\u2013 anaerobic condition<\/h6>\n\"\"<\/a>\n
Obr. 8. P\u0159\u00edtok do Podz\u00e1meck\u00e9ho rybn\u00edka (b\u0159ezen 2017)
\nFig. 8. Inflow to Podz\u00e1meck\u00fd pond (March 2017)<\/h6>\n

Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vznikl jako v\u00fdsledek projektu NAKI Ministerstva kultury \u010cR Biotick\u00e9 ohro\u017een\u00ed pam\u00e1tek zahradn\u00edho um\u011bn\u00ed: \u0159asy, sinice a\u00a0invazn\u00ed rostliny s\u00a0k\u00f3dem DG16P02M041. D\u011bkujeme Ing. M. Voj\u00edkovi za technickou pomoc.<\/em><\/p>\n

P\u016fvodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek byl publikov\u00e1n ve sborn\u00edku Rybn\u00edky 2018, ISBN 978-80-01-06452-8.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pam\u00e1tku UNESCO \u2013 Pr\u016fhonick\u00fd park nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b statis\u00edce lid\u00ed. Pohled na parkov\u00e9 rybn\u00edky je v\u0161ak v posledn\u00edch p\u011bti letech nev\u00e1bn\u00fd, proto\u017ee je zejm\u00e9na v letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch pokryt souvislou vrstvou sinic tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch vodn\u00ed kv\u011bt. Spr\u00e1va parku investovala v\u00edce ne\u017e 100\u2008mil. K\u010d do obnovy krajinn\u00fdch sceneri\u00ed a dendrologick\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de, ale p\u00e1chnouc\u00ed vodn\u00ed prvky v parku (syst\u00e9m jez\u016f, tok\u016f a n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed) p\u016fsob\u00ed na n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky odpudiv\u011b. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5819,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[1502,1381,1270,1501],"coauthors":[1490,1491,1492],"class_list":["post-5917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-applied-ecology","tag-hospodareni-v-krajine","tag-revitalizace","tag-vodni-kvet","tag-znecisteni-vody"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5917","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5917"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5917\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30496,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5917\/revisions\/30496"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5819"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5917"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5917"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5917"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=5917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}