{"id":5912,"date":"2019-02-12T12:16:48","date_gmt":"2019-02-12T11:16:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=5912"},"modified":"2024-07-16T14:54:50","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T13:54:50","slug":"moznosti-vyuziti-starych-topografickych-map-z-let-1763-1768-pro-hodnoceni-vyvoje-vodnich-ploch-a-potencial-jejich-obnovy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2019\/02\/moznosti-vyuziti-starych-topografickych-map-z-let-1763-1768-pro-hodnoceni-vyvoje-vodnich-ploch-a-potencial-jejich-obnovy\/","title":{"rendered":"Possibilities of using old topographic maps from the years 1763\u20131768 for evaluating the development of water bodies and the potential for their renewal"},"content":{"rendered":"

This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

 <\/p>\n

Souhrn<\/h2>\n

Potenci\u00e1l obnovy vodn\u00edch ploch je aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm t\u00e9matem v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9m krajinn\u00e9m pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nej\u010dast\u011bji jsou na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky zkoum\u00e1ny vodn\u00ed plochy na star\u00fdch topografick\u00fdch map\u00e1ch od poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed, na kter\u00fdch je ji\u017e velmi dobr\u00e1 polohov\u00e1 p\u0159esnost topografick\u00e9ho z\u00e1kresu. P\u0159esto m\u016f\u017eeme tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt star\u0161\u00ed mapov\u00e1n\u00ed, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b prvn\u00ed rakousk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 mapov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00a0let 1763\u20131768, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje nal\u00e9zt hr\u00e1ze vodn\u00edch ploch a\u00a0posoudit mo\u017enosti obnovy zanikl\u00fdch vodn\u00edch ploch. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdzy t\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed (povod\u00ed Byst\u0159ice, Jevi\u0161ovky a\u00a0Opavy) bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1l obnovy vodn\u00edch ploch z\u00a0let 1763\u20131768 byl zaznamen\u00e1n v\u00a0povod\u00ed \u0159eky Jevi\u0161ovky. V\u00a0tomto povod\u00ed byla u\u00a051 % zanikl\u00fdch vodn\u00edch ploch evidov\u00e1na dochovan\u00e1 hr\u00e1z \u010di jej\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st. Ostatn\u00ed dv\u011b povod\u00ed vykazuj\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1l pro obnovu zanikl\u00fdch vodn\u00edch ploch\u00a0\u2013 to je 26\u00a0% pro povod\u00ed \u0159eky Opavy a\u00a024 % pro povod\u00ed \u0159eky Byst\u0159ice.<\/p>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

Mapy 1. rakousk\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku 1 : 28\u2009800, kter\u00e9 byly na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed vytvo\u0159eny v\u00a0letech 1763\u20131768, jsou cenn\u00fdm informa\u010dn\u00edm zdrojem o\u00a0rozsahu vodn\u00edch ploch. Tyto mapy sice nedosahuj\u00ed polohopisn\u00e9 p\u0159esnosti navazuj\u00edc\u00edho 2. rakousk\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale i\u00a0bez dostate\u010dn\u00fdch geodetick\u00fdch z\u00e1klad\u016f je lze vyu\u017e\u00edt pro interpretaci v\u00fdskytu vodn\u00edch ploch, lokalizaci hr\u00e1z\u00ed rybn\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0zhodnocen\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e9ho rozsahu z\u00e1topov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed [1, 2].<\/p>\n

V\u00a0obdob\u00ed druh\u00e9 poloviny 18. stolet\u00ed bylo na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed rybn\u00edk\u016f, v\u00a0\u00da\u0159edn\u00edm soupisu rybn\u00edk\u016f (1786) bylo jen v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch zaznamen\u00e1no 20\u2009789 rybn\u00edk\u016f o\u00a0celkov\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011b\u0159e 76\u2009816\u2008ha [3]. I\u00a0kdy\u017e se jednalo o\u00a0obdob\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m doch\u00e1zelo k\u00a0postupn\u00e9mu \u00fapadku rybn\u00edk\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a\u00a0ru\u0161en\u00ed rybn\u00edk\u016f, lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b povod\u00ed zachycuj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det vodn\u00edch ploch ne\u017e na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm mapov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00a0let 1836\u20131852 [1, 2]. V\u00a018. a\u00a019. stolet\u00ed se na poklesu po\u010dtu vodn\u00edch ploch podepsal vliv r\u016fzn\u00fdch hybn\u00fdch sil\u00a0\u2013 nap\u0159.\u00a0osv\u00edcensk\u00e9 reformy Josefa\u00a0II., v\u010detn\u011b patentu o\u00a0zru\u0161en\u00ed nevolnictv\u00ed z\u00a0roku 1871 a\u00a0vyvolan\u00fdm \u201ehladem po p\u016fd\u011b\u201c, st\u00e1tem podporovan\u00e9 inovace v\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9m hospoda\u0159en\u00ed, rozmach p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed cukrov\u00e9 \u0159epy, technick\u00e9 inovace spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0jin\u00fdm pohonem, ne\u017e vodn\u00edm kolem, rozmach \u017eeleznice s\u00a0po\u017eadavky na trasov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0\u00fadol\u00edch vodn\u00edch tok\u016f, \u0161patn\u00fd technick\u00fd stav rybn\u00edk\u016f \u010di obavy z\u00a0\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nemoc\u00ed v\u00a0okol\u00ed vodn\u00edch ploch [1, 4\u20136].<\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek si klade za c\u00edl zhodnotit na z\u00e1klad\u011b konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00fdch studi\u00ed mo\u017enosti vyu\u017eit\u00ed star\u00fdch topografick\u00fdch map z\u00a0let 1763\u20131768 pro hodnocen\u00ed v\u00fdvoje vodn\u00edch ploch a\u00a0potenci\u00e1l jejich obnovy. Obdobn\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky o\u00a0historick\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji vodn\u00edch ploch z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch povod\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky se zab\u00fdvaly p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b vodn\u00edmi plochami z\u00a0obdob\u00ed let 1836\u20131852 a\u00a0sou\u010dasnost\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b z\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch obdob\u00ed topografick\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku 1\u00a0:\u00a028\u2009800 a\u00a01\u00a0:\u00a025\u2009000 z\u00a0let 1876\u20131880, 1953\u20131957 a 1988\u20131995 [7\u20139]. V\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech se u\u017e tak\u00e9 objevuj\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch map Stabiln\u00edho katastru v\u00a0m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku 1\u00a0:\u00a02\u2009880 a\u00a0podrobn\u00fdch aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch model\u016f ter\u00e9nu vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch z\u00a0leteck\u00e9ho laserov\u00e9ho skenov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed [10].<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1jmov\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Pro studium potenci\u00e1lu obnovy vodn\u00edch ploch evidovan\u00fdch na map\u00e1ch z\u00a0let 1763\u20131768 byla vybr\u00e1na povod\u00ed ze v\u0161ech hlavn\u00edch povod\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice, tedy povod\u00ed Dunaje, Odry a\u00a0Labe. Z\u00a0povod\u00ed Dunaje to bylo povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky, z\u00a0povod\u00ed Odry \u0161lo o\u00a0povod\u00ed Opavy a\u00a0v\u00a0povod\u00ed Labe se jednalo o\u00a0povod\u00ed Byst\u0159ice\u00a0\u2013 viz\u00a0obr.\u00a01<\/em>. P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru povod\u00ed bylo snahou postihnout r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed pom\u011bry, r\u016fzn\u00e9 socioekonomick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, zp\u016fsoby os\u00eddlen\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 zastoupen\u00ed povod\u00ed z\u00a0odli\u0161n\u00fdch historick\u00fdch administrativn\u00edch \u00fazem\u00edch \u2013 z\u00e1stupce z\u00a0oblasti \u010cech, Moravy a\u00a0Slezska.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a01. Z\u00e1jmov\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed povod\u00ed Opavy, Jevi\u0161ovky a\u00a0Byst\u0159ice
\nFig. 1. Study areas\u00a0\u2013 Opava river basin, Jevi\u0161ovka river basin, Byst\u0159ice river basin<\/h6>\n

Povod\u00ed Opavy je ze t\u0159\u00ed zkouman\u00fdch povod\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, m\u00e1 celkovou rozlohu 2\u2009088\u2008km2<\/sup>. Tak\u00e9 vykazuje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed relativn\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161kovou \u010dlenitost, proto\u017ee zdrojnice Opavy, tedy B\u00edl\u00e1 Opava a\u00a0St\u0159edn\u00ed Opava maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 prameny na svaz\u00edch masivu Prad\u011bdu v\u00a0Hrub\u00e9m Jesen\u00edku v\u00a0nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 1\u2009280\u2008m. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edtokem Opavy je i\u00a0\u0159eka Moravice pramen\u00edc\u00ed ji\u017en\u011b od Prad\u011bdu v\u00a0nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 1\u2009134\u2008m. Pramenn\u00e9 oblasti maj\u00ed charakter hornatin nebo vrchovin a\u00a0le\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0geomorfologick\u00fdch celc\u00edch Hrub\u00fd Jesen\u00edk a\u00a0Zlatohorsk\u00e1 vrchovina [11]. St\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st toku prot\u00e9k\u00e1 N\u00edzk\u00fdm Jesen\u00edkem, doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st toku Opavskou pahorkatinou. Soutok Opavy s\u00a0Odrou se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 207\u2008m v\u00a0Ostrav\u011b.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0hlediska typologie krajiny je v\u00a0povod\u00ed Opavy velmi pestr\u00e9 zastoupen\u00ed r\u00e1mcov\u00fdch krajinn\u00fdch typ\u016f podle reli\u00e9fu [12]. P\u0159eva\u017euje krajina vrchovin Hercynica rozkl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se ve st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed a\u00a0ji\u017en\u00edch okrajov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech, velk\u00e1 zastoupen\u00ed maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 krajiny plo\u0161in a\u00a0pahorkatin, vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed na Opavsku a\u00a0Hlu\u010d\u00ednsku, se solidn\u00edm potenci\u00e1lem pro v\u00fdskyt vodn\u00edch ploch. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00a0Hrub\u00e9m Jesen\u00edku je tvo\u0159ena krajinou v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch svah\u016f a\u00a0skalnat\u00fdch horsk\u00fdch h\u0159bet\u016f a\u00a0krajinou hornatin, kde se ned\u00e1 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed vodn\u00edch ploch. Naopak pro v\u00fdskyt vodn\u00edch ploch jsou vhodn\u00e9 krajiny \u0161irok\u00fdch \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch niv v\u00a0doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed Opavy a\u00a0krajiny za\u0159\u00edznut\u00fdch \u00fadol\u00ed v\u00a0povod\u00ed \u0159eky Moravice. V\u00a0okol\u00ed Brunt\u00e1lu Opavy se plo\u0161n\u011b vyskytuj\u00ed mal\u00e9 izolovan\u00e9 ku\u017eely a\u00a0sope\u010dn\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed. V\u00a0povod\u00ed Opavy se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy s\u00eddeln\u00edch krajin \u2013 star\u00e9 s\u00eddeln\u00ed krajiny Hercynica na Opavsku a\u00a0Hlu\u010d\u00ednsku, krajiny vrcholn\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 kolonizace Hercynica ve st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed, krajiny pozdn\u00ed st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 kolonizace v\u00a0okol\u00ed m\u011bst Vrbno pod Prad\u011bdem, Brunt\u00e1l, V\u00edtkov, krajiny novov\u011bk\u00e9 kolonizace Hercynica v\u00a0oblasti Hrub\u00e9ho Jesen\u00edku, vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed N\u00edzk\u00e9ho Jesen\u00edku a\u00a0sope\u010dn\u00fdch ku\u017eel\u016f. \u010cetn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt vodn\u00edch ploch lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat u\u00a0star\u00fdch s\u00eddeln\u00edch krajin s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hustotou s\u00eddel a\u00a0obyvatelstva. Z\u00a0hlediska vyu\u017eit\u00ed krajiny v\u00a0povod\u00ed Opavy p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed lesozem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 krajiny (ve st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed), d\u00e1le lesn\u00ed krajiny (p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b na z\u00e1pad\u011b povod\u00ed) a\u00a0nejmen\u0161\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed maj\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 krajiny (ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch).<\/p>\n

P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0Jevi\u0161ovick\u00e9 pahorkatin\u011b, doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st povod\u00ed zasahuje do Dyjsko\u00ad\u2011svrateck\u00e9ho \u00favalu [4]. Od pramenn\u00e9 oblasti s\u00a0nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou okolo 500\u2008m\u00a0n.\u00a0m. rovnom\u011brn\u011b kles\u00e1 nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka a\u017e po soutok s\u00a0Dyj\u00ed (175\u2008m\u00a0n.\u00a0m.). Celkov\u00e1 plocha povod\u00ed \u010din\u00ed 787\u2008km2<\/sup>. V\u00a0povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky se vyskytuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i typy r\u00e1mcov\u00fdch krajinn\u00fdch typ\u016f podle reli\u00e9fu [12]. V\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00ed pramenn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u00fazem\u00ed a\u00a0na horn\u00edm toku Jevi\u0161ovky to je krajina vrchovin Hercynica, ve st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed krajina plo\u0161in a\u00a0pahorkatin, ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti krajina rovin, ob\u010das protnut\u00e1 krajinou za\u0159ezan\u00fdch \u00fadol\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00a0nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u00fazem\u00ed a\u017e po soutok s\u00a0Dyj\u00ed krajina \u0161irok\u00fdch \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch niv. V\u011bt\u0161ina \u00fazem\u00ed je z\u00a0hlediska reli\u00e9fu vhodn\u00e1 pro budov\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edch ploch. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky pat\u0159\u00ed do star\u00e9 s\u00eddeln\u00ed krajiny Pannonika (v\u00fdchodn\u011b od Jevi\u0161ovic), z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u00fazem\u00ed pak do krajiny vrcholn\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 kolonizace Hercynica. R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 krajinn\u00e9 typy zp\u016fsob\u016f vyu\u017eit\u00ed krajiny jsou v\u00a0povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky reprezentov\u00e1ny p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b zem\u011bd\u011blskou krajinou, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b lesozem\u011bd\u011blskou krajinou a\u00a0lesn\u00ed krajinou [12].<\/p>\n

Povod\u00ed Byst\u0159ice se nach\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v\u00a0pahorkatinn\u00e9m reli\u00e9fu s\u00a0nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou 200 a\u017e 300\u2008m, pouze pramenn\u00e1 oblast m\u00e1 charakter vrchoviny s\u00a0nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdmi v\u00fd\u0161kami mezi 300 a\u017e 500\u2008m\u00a0n.\u00a0m. \u0158eka pramen\u00ed v\u00a0Krkono\u0161sk\u00e9m podh\u016f\u0159\u00ed, prot\u00e9k\u00e1 Ji\u010d\u00ednskou pahorkatinou a\u00a0do Cidliny se vl\u00e9v\u00e1 ve V\u00fdchodolabsk\u00e9 tabuli v\u00a0Chlumci nad Cidlinou [11]. Celkov\u00e1 plocha povod\u00ed je 379\u2008km2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Tabulka 1. Po\u010det a\u00a0rozloha vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0povod\u00ed Opavy v\u00a0letech 1763\u20132015
\nTable 1. Number and area of water bodies in Opava river basin (1763\u20132015)<\/h5>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

V\u00a0povod\u00ed Byst\u0159ice se v\u00a0pramenn\u00e9 oblasti vyskytuj\u00ed krajiny vrchovin Hercynica, na kter\u00e9 navazuj\u00ed v\u00a0ji\u017en\u00ed polovin\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed krajiny rovin [12]. Okrajov\u011b jsou zde zastoupeny i\u00a0krajiny roz\u0159ezan\u00fdch tabul\u00ed (v\u00a0severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed), krajiny plo\u0161in a\u00a0pahorkatin (u\u00a0Ch\u00fd\u0161t\u011b) a\u00a0krajiny \u0161irok\u00fdch \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch niv (v\u00a0okol\u00ed \u0159eky Byst\u0159ice mezi Kratonohy a\u00a0Ole\u0161nic\u00ed). Z\u00a0hlediska reli\u00e9fu je v\u011bt\u0161ina typ\u016f krajin v\u00a0povod\u00ed Byst\u0159ice vhodn\u00e1 pro budov\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edch ploch. P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st \u00fazem\u00ed povod\u00ed Byst\u0159ice pat\u0159\u00ed mezi krajiny vrcholn\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 kolonizace Hercynica, severn\u00ed pramenn\u00e1 oblast pat\u0159\u00ed mezi krajiny pozdn\u00ed st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 kolonizace Hercynica a\u00a0naopak ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u00fazem\u00ed mezi star\u00e9 s\u00eddeln\u00ed typy Hercynica. Z\u00a0r\u00e1mcov\u00fdch krajinn\u00fdch typ\u016f zp\u016fsob\u016f vyu\u017eit\u00ed krajiny jsou nejv\u00edce v\u00a0povod\u00ed Byst\u0159ice zastoupeny zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 krajiny a\u00a0lesozem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 krajiny, pod\u00edl lesn\u00edch krajin je velmi n\u00edzk\u00fd, specifick\u00e9 je zastoupen\u00ed rybni\u010dn\u00edch krajin v\u00a0okol\u00ed Ob\u011bdovic a\u00a0P\u00edsku.<\/p>\n

Metodika<\/h2>\n

Historick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj vodn\u00edch ploch byl analyzov\u00e1n za pou\u017eit\u00ed vrstev prostorov\u00fdch objekt\u016f vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch vektorizac\u00ed nad mapov\u00fdmi sadami star\u00fdch topografick\u00fdch map v\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed GIS. Vektorizace vodn\u00edch ploch prob\u00edhala v\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed Arc GIS metodou digitalizace z\u00a0obrazovky [5]. Pokud byl uveden v\u00a0map\u011b n\u00e1zev objektu, tak byl dopln\u011bn do p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 atributov\u00e9 polo\u017eky. Vodn\u00ed plochy byly zkoum\u00e1ny na podklad\u011b mapov\u00fdch sad 1. rakousk\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed 1\u00a0:\u00a028\u2009800 (1763\u20131768). Pro zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 kontinuity jejich v\u00fdskytu byly rovn\u011b\u017e vyu\u017eity mapy 2. rakousk\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed 1\u00a0:\u00a028\u2009800 (1836\u20131852), 3. rakousk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 mapov\u00e1n\u00ed 1\u00a0:\u00a025\u2009000 (1876\u20131880), \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 topografick\u00e9 mapy 1\u00a0:\u00a025\u2009000 (1953\u20131957), \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 topografick\u00e9 mapy 1\u00a0:\u00a025\u2009000 (1988\u20131995) a\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00ed mapy \u010cR (ZABAGED) 1\u00a0:\u00a010\u2009000 z\u00a0let 2014\u20132015. Pro hodnocen\u00ed v\u00fdvoje vodn\u00edch ploch byly zkoum\u00e1ny v\u0161echny vodn\u00ed plochy zaznamenan\u00e9 na topografick\u00fdch map\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 pak byly d\u00e1le interpretov\u00e1ny podle velikosti a\u00a0struktury typ\u016f vodn\u00edch ploch. Pou\u017eit\u00ed\u00a0I. rakousk\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo vzhledem k\u00a0topologick\u00fdm nedostatk\u016fm tohoto kartografick\u00e9ho d\u00edla upraveno detailn\u00edm metodick\u00fdm postupem. Nejd\u0159\u00edve byly\u00a0lokalizov\u00e1ny vodn\u00ed plochy bodov\u011b (ide\u00e1ln\u011b na m\u00edsta hr\u00e1z\u00ed rybn\u00edk\u016f \u010di do st\u0159edu vodn\u00edch ploch). V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch ploch byla provedena rekonstrukce rozlohy vodn\u00ed plochy s\u00a0c\u00edlem z\u00edskat orienta\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bry vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0povod\u00ed v\u00a0obdob\u00ed let 1763\u20131768.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a02. Rybn\u00edky v\u00a0povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky u\u00a0obc\u00ed Bo\u017eice a\u00a0Pravice (1763) (zdroj: V\u00daKOZ, v. v. i., 1st<\/sup> Military Survey, Austrian State Archive\/Military Archive, Vienna, Laborato\u0159 geoinformatiky Univerzita J. E. Purkyn\u011b)
\nFig. 2. Ponds in Jevi\u0161ovka river basin near the villages Bo\u017eice and Pravice (1763) (source: RILOG, p.r.i., 1st<\/sup> Military Survey, Austrian State Archive\/Military Archive, Vienna, Laboratory of Geoinformatics University of J. E. Purkyn\u011b)<\/h6>\n

P\u0159i rekonstrukci vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0GIS byl vyu\u017eit podrobn\u00fd model \u00fazem\u00ed reli\u00e9fu \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky 4. generace (DMR 4G) z\u00a0\u010c\u00daZK. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zachov\u00e1n\u00ed hr\u00e1ze nebo \u010d\u00e1sti hr\u00e1ze byl rozsah z\u00e1topov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed rybn\u00edka odvozen od nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky hr\u00e1ze, sn\u00ed\u017eenou na v\u00fd\u0161ku maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hladiny vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b byl \u0159e\u0161en odpo\u010det 0,5\u2008m nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e obecn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnota p\u0159ev\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed koruny hr\u00e1ze nad maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hladinu je u\u00a0mal\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed navrhov\u00e1na na 0,6\u2008m.<\/p>\n

Pro potenci\u00e1l obnovy vodn\u00edch ploch z\u00a0obdob\u00ed let 1763\u20131768 je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za z\u00e1sadn\u00ed informace o\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm stavu hr\u00e1ze a\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed z\u00e1topov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed. Stav hr\u00e1ze byl interpretov\u00e1n n\u00e1sledn\u011b t\u011bmito k\u00f3dy v\u00a0atributov\u00e9 tabulce:<\/p>\n

0\u00a0 \u2013 ne\u0159e\u0161eno\u00a0\u2013 rybn\u00edk st\u00e1le existuje,<\/p>\n

1\u00a0 \u2013 v\u00a0ter\u00e9nu je v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b patrn\u00e1 velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st hr\u00e1ze,<\/p>\n

2\u00a0 \u2013 v\u00a0ter\u00e9nu je v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b patrn\u00e1 velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st hr\u00e1ze a\u00a0vede po n\u00ed zpevn\u011bn\u00e1 komunikace (asfaltov\u00e1, betonov\u00e1, panelov\u00e1),<\/p>\n

3\u00a0 \u2013 v\u00a0ter\u00e9nu je v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b patrn\u00e1 velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st hr\u00e1ze a\u00a0vede po n\u00ed nezpevn\u011bn\u00e1 komunikace (v\u010d. \u0161t\u011brkov\u00fdch cest),<\/p>\n

4\u00a0 \u2013 v\u00a0ter\u00e9nu je v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti patrn\u00e1 men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st hr\u00e1ze,<\/p>\n

5\u00a0 \u2013 v\u00a0ter\u00e9nu jsou v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti stopy existence b\u00fdval\u00e9 hr\u00e1ze,<\/p>\n

6\u00a0 \u2013 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 stopy hr\u00e1ze nejsou v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti v\u00a0ter\u00e9nu patrn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky a\u00a0diskuse<\/h2>\n

Povod\u00ed Opavy<\/h3>\n

V\u00a0letech 1763\u20131768 bylo v\u00a0povod\u00ed Opavy evidov\u00e1no celkem 148 vodn\u00edch ploch s\u00a0p\u0159ibli\u017enou v\u00fdm\u011brou 593\u2008ha. V\u00a0letech 1836\u20131852 poklesl po\u010det vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0povod\u00ed Opavy na 115 (tabulka 1<\/em>), tento pokles byl doprov\u00e1zen v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm poklesem celkov\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bry vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0povod\u00ed Opavy (na 174\u2008ha). Bylo zde je\u0161t\u011b zachov\u00e1no \u0161est vodn\u00edch ploch o\u00a0v\u00fdm\u011b\u0159e v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 10\u2008ha, ale p\u0159eva\u017eovaly sp\u00ed\u0161e men\u0161\u00ed vodn\u00ed plochy do 1\u2008ha, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b od 1 do 5\u2008ha. Celkem v\u00a0mezidob\u00ed zaniklo 55 vodn\u00edch ploch. Jejich z\u00e1nik je spojen zejm\u00e9na s\u00a0nerentabilitou chovu ryb, v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm tlakem na zisk orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy pro rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a\u00a0po\u010d\u00e1tky t\u011b\u017eby uhl\u00ed ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed [1, 5, 9].<\/p>\n

Tabulka 2. Po\u010det a\u00a0rozloha vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky v\u00a0letech 1763\u20132015
\nTable 2. Number and area of water bodies in Jevi\u0161ovka river basin (1763\u20132015)<\/h5>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

V\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00a0\u0161irok\u00fdch niv\u00e1ch a\u00a0pahorkatin\u00e1ch se projevil tak\u00e9 tlak na z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed cukrov\u00e9 \u0159epy, v\u00a0letech 1848, 1851 a\u00a01858 byly v\u00a0Opav\u011b postupn\u011b otev\u0159eny t\u0159i cukrovary [13], dal\u0161\u00ed cukrovary byly provozov\u00e1ny v\u00a0H\u00e1ji ve Slezsku (1849) a\u00a0Skrochovic\u00edch (1858). V\u00a0tomto z\u00e1jmov\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed se v\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed projevovaly pot\u0159eby zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed potravin pro rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 aglomerace ve Slezsku a\u00a0na Ostravsku, z\u00e1jem o\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 pozemky byl zp\u016fsoben i\u00a0zm\u011bnou ve zp\u016fsobu hospoda\u0159en\u00ed (p\u0159echod z\u00a0trojpoln\u00edho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed na st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd) a\u00a0zru\u0161en\u00edm poddanstv\u00ed v\u00a0roce 1848 [14]. Zachov\u00e1ny byly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rybn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly krom\u011b rybochovn\u00e9 funkce i\u00a0funkci vodohospod\u00e1\u0159skou, nap\u0159. jako reten\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e pro vodn\u00ed ml\u00fdny, pily, hamry a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 objekty, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b byly vyu\u017eity pro pr\u016fmysl. P\u0159\u00edkladem je rybn\u00edk u\u00a0Doln\u00edch \u017divotic s\u00a0vodn\u00edm ml\u00fdnem na \u0159ece Hvozdnice, rybn\u00edk u\u00a0Horn\u00edch \u017divotic s\u00a0vodn\u00edm ml\u00fdnem na He\u0159manick\u00e9m potoce. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt dochovan\u00fdch rybn\u00edk\u016f byl v\u00a0polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed evidov\u00e1n u\u00a0m\u00e9n\u011b vydatn\u00fdch tok\u016f v\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch v\u00a0oblasti pahorkatin a\u00a0rovin, kde byla nutnost tyto vodn\u00ed plochy pro pohon vodn\u00edho kola zachovat [1].<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161inou byly rybn\u00edky vypu\u0161t\u011bny a\u00a0p\u0159evedeny do orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b luk a\u00a0pastvin, u\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch s\u00eddel se staly pozd\u011bji sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed zastav\u011bn\u00fdch ploch, v\u010detn\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch se pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch are\u00e1l\u016f. V\u00a0letech 1876\u20131880 bylo v\u00a0povod\u00ed Opavy pouze 65 vodn\u00edch ploch o\u00a0celkov\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011b\u0159e 134\u2008ha. Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed i\u00a0velikostn\u00ed struktura vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0tomto obdob\u00ed, nebyla evidov\u00e1na ani jedna vodn\u00ed plocha s\u00a0v\u00fdm\u011brou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 10\u2008ha, pouze jedna vodn\u00ed plocha s\u00a0v\u00fdm\u011brou od 5 do 10\u2008ha. Od roku 1953\u20131957 do sou\u010dasnosti se v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161il po\u010det vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0povod\u00ed Opavy, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u00e1r\u016fst byl zaznamen\u00e1n ve v\u0161ech velikostn\u00edch kategori\u00edch. Na v\u00fdrazn\u00e9m nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed celkov\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bry vodn\u00edch ploch v\u0161ak m\u011bla od poloviny 20. stolet\u00ed hlavn\u00ed pod\u00edl nov\u011b budovan\u00e1 vodn\u00ed d\u00edla Kru\u017eberk (240\u2008ha) a\u00a0Slezsk\u00e1 Harta (840\u2008ha) a\u00a0takt\u00e9\u017e obnova n\u011bkter\u00fdch velk\u00fdch rybni\u010dn\u00edch soustav\u00a0\u2013 nap\u0159.\u00a0v\u00a0okol\u00ed Hlu\u010d\u00edna a\u00a0Doln\u00edho Bene\u0161ova. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti je celkov\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bra vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0povod\u00ed Opavy p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1\u2009750\u2008ha, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e 60\u00a0% z\u00a0nich je tvo\u0159eno velk\u00fdmi vodn\u00edmi n\u00e1dr\u017eemi (tabulka 1<\/em>).<\/p>\n

P\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed potenci\u00e1lu obnovy vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0povod\u00ed Opavy z\u00a0let 1736\u20131768 bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee ze 148 vodn\u00edch ploch se 44 dochovalo do sou\u010dasnosti a\u00a0104 zaniklo. Velk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l pro obnovu m\u00e1 12 lokalit, na kter\u00fdch je patrn\u00e1 velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st hr\u00e1ze, 10 lokalit s\u00a0dochovanou hr\u00e1z\u00ed se zpevn\u011bnou komunikac\u00ed a\u00a05 lokalit s\u00a0hr\u00e1z\u00ed s\u00a0nezpevn\u011bnou komunikac\u00ed. Obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bji jsou obnoviteln\u00e9 vodn\u00ed plochy, u\u00a0nich\u017e je dochov\u00e1na jen men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st hr\u00e1ze (8) nebo stopy po hr\u00e1zi (17). U\u00a052 b\u00fdval\u00fdch vodn\u00edch ploch nejsou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 stopy hr\u00e1ze v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti v\u00a0ter\u00e9nu patrn\u00e9, i\u00a0p\u0159esto, v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b z\u00e1jmu a\u00a0aktivit majitel\u016f pozemk\u016f, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00a0dan\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e1 vodn\u00ed plocha se zcela novou hr\u00e1z\u00ed obnovena.<\/p>\n

Povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky<\/h3>\n

V\u00a0prvn\u00edm sledovan\u00e9m obdob\u00ed (1763\u20131768) bylo v\u00a0povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky identifikov\u00e1no celkem 217 vodn\u00edch ploch, p\u0159i rekonstrukci z\u00e1kresu v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch ploch z\u00a0map 1. rakousk\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo zakresleno v\u00edce ne\u017e 1\u2009050\u2008ha vodn\u00edch ploch (tabulka 2<\/em>). I\u00a0kdy\u017e jde jen o\u00a0orienta\u010dn\u00ed \u00fadaj, lze konstatovat, \u017ee v\u00a0letech 1763\u20131768 bylo ze v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch obdob\u00ed v\u00a0tomto povod\u00ed dosa\u017eeno nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed celkov\u00e9 rozlohy vodn\u00edch ploch. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zanikl\u00e9 vodn\u00ed plochy se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti toku Jevi\u0161ovka mezi Lechovicemi a\u00a0Hru\u0161ovany nad Jevi\u0161ovkou, tedy v\u00a0krajin\u011b rovin a\u00a0\u0161irok\u00fdch \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch niv [12]. Uk\u00e1zky zanikl\u00fdch rybn\u00edk\u016f mezi obcemi Bo\u017eice a\u00a0Prav\u010dice jsou zaznamen\u00e1ny na obr.\u00a02\u20134<\/em>. Interpretac\u00ed z\u00e1kresu z\u00a0mapy 1.\u00a0rakousk\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm detailn\u00edho podrobn\u00e9ho modelu \u00fazem\u00ed byly provedeny z\u00e1kresy rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0GIS a\u00a0spo\u010dtena jejich p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bra\u00a0\u2013 na obr.\u00a02<\/em> zleva doprava: Fostitzer Teich (107\u2008ha), Erdberger Teich (153\u2008ha), Johanner Teich (86\u2008ha). Velikostn\u00ed kategorie nebyly vzhledem k\u00a0nep\u0159esnostem z\u00e1kresu na map\u00e1ch 1. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed sledov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0letech 1836\u20131852 pokles po\u010det vodn\u00edch ploch na 104, p\u0159esto celkov\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bra vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky byla st\u00e1le pom\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00e1 (615\u2008ha). Je to d\u00e1no i\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zastoupen\u00edm velk\u00fdch vodn\u00edch ploch o\u00a0v\u00fdm\u011b\u0159e v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 10\u2008ha (celkem 13 vodn\u00edch ploch). V\u00a0letech 1876\u20131880 bylo v\u00a0povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky pouze 65 vodn\u00edch ploch o\u00a0celkov\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011b\u0159e 134\u2008ha (tabulka 2<\/em>). Za z\u00e1nikem vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0tomto obdob\u00ed stoj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 hybn\u00e9 s\u00edly, nap\u0159.\u00a0pokles popt\u00e1vky po ryb\u00edm mase, obecn\u00e9 zm\u011bny ve zp\u016fsobu zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed, rozvoj cukrovarnictv\u00ed, rozvoj lihovarnictv\u00ed, rozvoj p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed technick\u00fdch plodin pro pr\u016fmysl [1, 5,\u00a09]. Na nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch zanikl\u00fdch rybn\u00edc\u00edch hospoda\u0159ili p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm majitel\u00e9 velkostatk\u016f v\u00a0okol\u00ed Hru\u0161ovan nad Jevi\u0161ovkou, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b na dvorech Nov\u00fd Dv\u016fr, Karlov, v\u00a0lokalit\u011b dne\u0161n\u00ed Kolonie u\u00a0dvora. Velkostatk\u00e1\u0159i se zab\u00fdvali<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

 <\/p>\n

Obr.\u00a03. Zanikl\u00e9 rybn\u00edky v\u00a0povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky u\u00a0obc\u00ed Bo\u017eice a\u00a0Pravice (1841) (zdroj: V\u00daKOZ, v.\u00a0v.\u00a0i., 1st<\/sup> Military Survey, Austrian State Archive\/Military Archive, Vienna, Laborato\u0159 geoinformatiky Univerzita J. E. Purkyn\u011b)
\nFig. 3. Ponds in Jevi\u0161ovka river basin near the villages Bo\u017eice and Pravice (1841) (source: RILOG, p.r.i., 1st<\/sup> Military Survey, Austrian State Archive\/Military Archive, Vienna, Laboratory of Geoinformatics University of J. E. Purkyn\u011b)<\/h6>\n

v\u00a019.\u00a0stolet\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00edm technick\u00fdch plodin pro lihovarnictv\u00ed, textiln\u00ed pr\u016fmysl, potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl a\u00a0po vzniku cukrovar\u016f v\u00a0regionu v\u00a0Hru\u0161ovanech nad Jevi\u0161ovkou (1850), \u017deletic\u00edch (1870) i\u00a0pro cukrovarnick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl [13]. V\u011bt\u0161inou byly rybn\u00edky vypu\u0161t\u011bny a\u00a0p\u0159evedeny do orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b luk a\u00a0pastvin [7\u20139]. Dochovan\u00e9 rybn\u00edky se v\u00a0polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed vyskytovaly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky v\u00a0krajin\u011b vrchovin a\u00a0\u010dlenit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pahorkatin, \u010d\u00e1st z\u00a0nich slou\u017eila pro rybochovn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, n\u011bkter\u00e9 pro provoz vodn\u00edch ml\u00fdn\u016f a\u00a0pil (nap\u0159. u\u00a0Jackova a\u00a0Krn\u010dic).<\/p>\n

V\u00a0letech 1953\u20131957 byla celkov\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bra vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky st\u00e1le velmi n\u00edzk\u00e1 (okolo 166\u2008ha), p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e narostl po\u010det vodn\u00edch ploch, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u0161ak s\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed rozlohou. V\u00a0druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 20.\u00a0stolet\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0budov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, reten\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0na po\u010d\u00e1tku 21.\u00a0stolet\u00ed k\u00a0zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed mal\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0realizaci protipovod\u0148ov\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed. To se projevilo jak n\u00e1r\u016fstem po\u010dtu vodn\u00edch ploch, tak i\u00a0postupn\u00fdm r\u016fstem celkov\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bry vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky. P\u0159esto nen\u00ed st\u00e1le dosa\u017eeno hodnot celkov\u00fdch v\u00fdm\u011br z\u00a0poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed \u010di poloviny 18. stolet\u00ed (tabulka 2<\/em>).<\/p>\n

P\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed potenci\u00e1lu obnovy vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky z\u00a0let 1736\u20131768 bylo evidov\u00e1no 78 vodn\u00edch ploch z\u00a0celkov\u00fdch 210, kter\u00e9 se dochovaly a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti. Celkem 132 vodn\u00edch ploch zaniklo a\u00a0dosud nebylo obnoveno. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1l pro obnovu m\u00e1 24 lokalit, na kter\u00fdch je patrn\u00e1 velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st hr\u00e1ze, 26 lokalit s\u00a0dochovanou hr\u00e1z\u00ed se zpevn\u011bnou komunikac\u00ed a\u00a017 lokalit s\u00a0hr\u00e1z\u00ed s\u00a0nezpevn\u011bnou komunikac\u00ed (obr.\u00a05<\/em>). Celkem je tedy v\u00a0dobr\u00e9m stavu dochov\u00e1na hr\u00e1z u\u00a051\u00a0% zanikl\u00fdch vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky. Men\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1l pro obnovu maj\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00e9 vodn\u00ed plochy, u\u00a0nich\u017e je dochov\u00e1na jen men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st hr\u00e1ze (10) nebo stopy po hr\u00e1zi (22). U\u00a033 b\u00fdval\u00fdch vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky z\u00a0obdob\u00ed let 1763\u20131768 nejsou v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti patrn\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 stopy hr\u00e1ze, p\u0159esto je mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch je\u0161t\u011b vodn\u00ed plochu obnovit.<\/p>\n

Povod\u00ed Byst\u0159ice<\/h3>\n

V\u00a0prvn\u00edm sledovan\u00e9m obdob\u00ed (1763\u20131768) bylo v\u00a0povod\u00ed Byst\u0159ice evidov\u00e1no celkem 233 vodn\u00edch ploch, p\u0159i rekonstrukci z\u00e1kresu v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch ploch z\u00a0map 1. rakousk\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo zakresleno v\u00edce ne\u017e 890\u2008ha vodn\u00edch\u00a0ploch (tabulka 3<\/em>). I\u00a0kdy\u017e jde jen o\u00a0orienta\u010dn\u00ed \u00fadaj, lze konstatovat, \u017ee v\u00a0letech 1763\u20131768 bylo ze v\u0161ech sledovan\u00fdch obdob\u00ed v\u00a0tomto povod\u00ed dosa\u017eeno nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed celkov\u00e9 rozlohy. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zanikl\u00e9 vodn\u00ed plochy se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti toku Byst\u0159ice v\u00a0okol\u00ed Chlumce nad Cidlinou a\u00a0ve st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed severn\u011b od Nechanic. Velikostn\u00ed kategorie nebyly vzhledem k\u00a0nep\u0159esnostem z\u00e1kresu na map\u00e1ch 1. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed sledov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n

Tabulka 3. Po\u010det a\u00a0rozloha vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0povod\u00ed Byst\u0159ice v\u00a0letech 1763\u20132015
\nTable 3. Number and area of water bodies in Byst\u0159ice river basin (1763\u20132015)<\/h5>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

V\u00a0letech 1836\u20131852 poklesl po\u010det vodn\u00edch ploch na 142 (tabulka 3<\/em>), p\u0159esto celkov\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bra vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0povod\u00ed Byst\u0159ice byla st\u00e1le pom\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00e1 (658\u2008ha). Je to d\u00e1no i\u00a0pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm velk\u00fdch vodn\u00edch ploch o\u00a0v\u00fdm\u011b\u0159e v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 10\u2008ha (celkem dev\u011bt vodn\u00edch ploch), p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u0161ak dochov\u00e1n\u00edm \u010dty\u0159 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0rybni\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b v\u00a0okol\u00ed Chlumce nad Cidlinou o\u00a0v\u00fdm\u011br\u00e1ch 190\u2008ha, 101\u2008ha, 88\u2008ha a\u00a073\u2008ha. Dochov\u00e1ny tak z\u016fstaly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm velk\u00e9 rybochovn\u00e9 rybn\u00edky z\u00a0krajin \u0161irok\u00fdch \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch niv a\u00a0rybni\u010dn\u00edch krajin. V\u00a0letech 1876\u20131880 bylo v\u00a0povod\u00ed Byst\u0159ice p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vodn\u00edch ploch, ov\u0161em t\u0159i nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rybn\u00edky z\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00edho obdob\u00ed byly vysu\u0161eny, a\u00a0to se projevilo na z\u00e1sadn\u00edm \u00fabytku celkov\u00e9 rozlohy vodn\u00edch ploch na 210\u2008ha. Za z\u00e1nikem vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0tomto obdob\u00ed stoj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 hybn\u00e9 s\u00edly, nap\u0159.\u00a0pokles popt\u00e1vky po ryb\u00edm mase, obecn\u00e9 zm\u011bny ve zp\u016fsobu zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed, rozvoj cukrovarnictv\u00ed, rozvoj lihovarnictv\u00ed, rozvoj p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed technick\u00fdch plodin pro pr\u016fmysl [1, 5]. V\u00a0povod\u00ed Byst\u0159ice byl v\u00fdznamn\u00fd \u00fabytek vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed spojen p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s\u00a0rozvojem cukrovarnictv\u00ed, v\u00a0z\u00e1jmov\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed vzniklo postupn\u011b \u0161est cukrovar\u016f: Chlumec nad Cidlinou (1838, 1840), Syrov\u00e1tka (1848), T\u0159ebov\u011btice (1851), Sadov\u00e1 (1862), Ba\u0161nice (1871), dal\u0161\u00ed cukrovary vznikly v\u00a0bezprost\u0159edn\u00edm okol\u00ed [13]. V\u011bt\u0161inou byly rybn\u00edky vypu\u0161t\u011bny a\u00a0p\u0159evedeny do orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy, jako v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zisku p\u016fdy pro v\u00fdsadbu cukrov\u00e9 \u0159epy, dal\u0161\u00edch technick\u00fdch plodin, \u010di obilovin pro v\u00fdrobu potravin, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b byly p\u0159evedeny do luk a\u00a0pastvin, vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pro \u017eivo\u010di\u0161nou v\u00fdrobu [7\u20139]. V\u00a0letech 1953\u20131957 pokra\u010doval pokles celkov\u00e9 rozlohy vodn\u00edch ploch a\u017e na minimum (okolo 119\u2008ha), p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e byl zaznamen\u00e1n paradoxn\u011b m\u00edrn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst po\u010dtu vodn\u00edch ploch, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u0161ak s\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed rozlohou. V\u00a0druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0obnov\u011b n\u011bkter\u00fdch rybn\u00edk\u016f, budov\u00e1n\u00ed reten\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0na po\u010d\u00e1tku 21. stolet\u00ed k\u00a0zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed mal\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0realizaci protipovod\u0148ov\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed. To se projevilo jak n\u00e1r\u016fstem po\u010dtu vodn\u00edch ploch, tak i\u00a0postupn\u00fdm r\u016fstem celkov\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bry vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky. P\u0159esto nen\u00ed st\u00e1le dosa\u017eeno hodnot celkov\u00fdch v\u00fdm\u011br z\u00a0poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed \u010di poloviny 18.\u00a0stolet\u00ed (tabulka 3<\/em>).<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a04. Hr\u00e1ze zanikl\u00fdch rybn\u00edk\u016f na digit\u00e1ln\u00edm modelu reli\u00e9fu \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky 4. generace (DMR 4G) (zdroj: \u010c\u00daZK)
\nFig. 4. Dams of extinct ponds on the digital terrain model of the Czech Republic 4th<\/sup> generation (source: \u010c\u00daZK)<\/h6>\n

Potenci\u00e1l obnovy vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0povod\u00ed Byst\u0159ice z\u00a0let 1736\u20131768 je obdobn\u00fd jako u\u00a0povod\u00ed Opavy, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1l pro obnovu m\u00e1 10 lokalit, na kter\u00fdch je patrn\u00e1 velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st hr\u00e1ze, 16 lokalit s\u00a0dochovanou hr\u00e1z\u00ed se zpevn\u011bnou komunikac\u00ed a\u00a015 lokalit s\u00a0hr\u00e1z\u00ed s\u00a0nezpevn\u011bnou komunikac\u00ed. Jde o\u00a0p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 24\u00a0% ze zanikl\u00fdch vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0povod\u00ed. Z\u00a0celkov\u00fdch 233 vodn\u00edch ploch evidovan\u00fdch na map\u00e1ch z\u00a0let 1736\u20131768 se do sou\u010dasnosti dochovalo 68 vodn\u00edch ploch a\u00a0165 jich zaniklo a\u00a0dosud nebylo obnoveno. Men\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1l pro obnovu vykazuj\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00e9 vodn\u00ed plochy, u\u00a0nich\u017e je dochov\u00e1na jen men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st hr\u00e1ze (8) nebo stopy po hr\u00e1zi (36). Celkem 80 b\u00fdval\u00fdch vodn\u00edch ploch z\u00a0povod\u00ed Byst\u0159ice z\u00a0obdob\u00ed let 1763\u20131768 nenese v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 stopy hr\u00e1ze, i\u00a0u\u00a0nich ale je mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 obnova vodn\u00edch ploch za podm\u00ednky vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed zcela nov\u00e9 hr\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a05. Stav hr\u00e1z\u00ed vodn\u00edch ploch z\u00a0let 1763\u20131768\u00a0v\u00a0povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky
\nFig. 5. Condition of dams of water areas from 1763\u20131768 in the Jevi\u0161ovka river basin<\/h6>\n

Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed zanikl\u00fdch vodn\u00edch ploch z\u00a0obdob\u00ed roku 1763\u20131768<\/h3>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdzy byly zam\u011b\u0159eny na hodnocen\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00edho vyu\u017eit\u00ed krajiny v\u00a0z\u00e1topov\u00fdch oblastech vodn\u00edch ploch z\u00a0let 1763\u20131768, u\u00a0kter\u00fdch pozd\u011bji do\u0161lo k\u00a0jejich z\u00e1niku, a\u00a0nebyly dosud obnoveny. V\u00a0povod\u00ed Byst\u0159ice zaniklo a\u00a0dosud nebylo obnoveno 165 vodn\u00edch ploch, v\u00a0povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky 130 vodn\u00edch ploch a\u00a0v\u00a0povod\u00ed Opavy 101 vodn\u00edch ploch. Nej\u010dast\u011bji jsou zanikl\u00e9 vodn\u00ed plochy aktu\u00e1ln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny jako orn\u00e1 p\u016fda (obr. 6<\/em>). V\u00a0povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky jsou na druh\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b v\u00a0\u010detnosti lokality aktu\u00e1ln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 jako les, v\u00a0povod\u00ed Byst\u0159ice louky a\u00a0v\u00a0povod\u00ed Opavy zastav\u011bn\u00e9 plochy (obr. 6<\/em>). Obecn\u011b je zastoupen\u00ed zastav\u011bn\u00fdch ploch u\u00a0zanikl\u00fdch vodn\u00edch ploch pom\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00e9, jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0lokality, kde ji\u017e nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtat s\u00a0jejich obnovou, stejn\u011b jako u\u00a0rekrea\u010dn\u00edch ploch. Naopak nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1l k\u00a0obnov\u011b maj\u00ed zanikl\u00e9 vodn\u00ed plochy na orn\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b a\u00a0trval\u00fdch travn\u00edch porostech, kde jsou z\u00a0hlediska v\u00fdstavby vodn\u00edch d\u011bl o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 nejmen\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady a\u00a0administrativn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky. Obnova vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0les\u00edch a\u00a0sadech je technicky a\u00a0administrativn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed i\u00a0s\u00a0ohledem na funkci a\u00a0v\u00fdznam d\u0159evin v\u00a0krajin\u011b.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 6. P\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed krajiny na zanikl\u00fdch vodn\u00edch ploch\u00e1ch z\u00a0let 1763\u20131768 v\u00a0z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch
\nFig. 6. The prevailing current land use on water areas extinct in the 1763\u20131768 in the study areas<\/h6>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

I\u00a0p\u0159es nedostate\u010dnou polohovou p\u0159esnost je mo\u017en\u00e9 pro obnovu vodn\u00edch ploch vyu\u017e\u00edt i\u00a0star\u0161\u00edho 1.\u00a0rakousk\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00a0let 1763\u20131768. D\u00edky nov\u00fdm ter\u00e9nn\u00edm model\u016fm a\u00a0interpretaci sou\u010dasn\u00fdch i\u00a0star\u00fdch topografick\u00fdch map prost\u0159ed\u00ed GIS umo\u017en\u00ed lokalizaci hr\u00e1z\u00ed rybn\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0zhodnocen\u00ed mo\u017enosti obnovy vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdz proveden\u00fdch na t\u0159ech z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch (povod\u00ed Opavy, Jevi\u0161ovky, Byst\u0159ice) lze zhodnotit, \u017ee nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1l obnovy vodn\u00edch ploch z\u00a0let 1763\u20131768 je u\u00a0povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky, kde m\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 51\u00a0%\u00a0zanikl\u00fdch vodn\u00edch ploch dochovanou hr\u00e1z v\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u00edm rozsahu. U\u00a0ostatn\u00edch dvou povod\u00ed je potenci\u00e1l obnovy vodn\u00edch ploch s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm zachoval\u00fdch star\u00fdch hr\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0povod\u00ed Opavy u\u00a026\u00a0% zanikl\u00fdch vodn\u00edch ploch, v\u00a0povod\u00ed Byst\u0159ice u\u00a024\u00a0% zanikl\u00fdch vodn\u00edch ploch. U\u00a0ostatn\u00edch lokalit sice nen\u00ed dochov\u00e1n \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd poz\u016fstatek p\u016fvodn\u00ed hr\u00e1ze, ale i\u00a0p\u0159esto je tam mo\u017enost obnovy vodn\u00edch ploch. V\u00a0povod\u00ed Byst\u0159ice zaniklo a\u00a0dosud nebylo obnoveno 165 vodn\u00edch ploch, v\u00a0povod\u00ed Jevi\u0161ovky 130 vodn\u00edch ploch a\u00a0v\u00a0povod\u00ed Opavy 101 vodn\u00edch ploch. Nej\u010dast\u011bji jsou zanikl\u00e9 vodn\u00ed plochy aktu\u00e1ln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny jako orn\u00e1 p\u016fda. Obecn\u011b jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na majetkov\u00e9 pom\u011bry v\u00a0dan\u00e9 lokalit\u011b, mo\u017enosti v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u00fazemn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu, z\u00e1jmy majitel\u016f pozemk\u016f a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 limity \u00fazem\u00ed. Mapy jednotliv\u00fdch hr\u00e1z\u00ed zanikl\u00fdch vodn\u00edch ploch lze vyu\u017e\u00edt v\u00a0\u00fazemn\u00edm a\u00a0krajinn\u00e9m pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i boji se suchem a\u00a0kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00edm klimatu, p\u0159i ochran\u011b krajiny a\u00a0managementu \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n

P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek byl zpracov\u00e1n s\u00a0podporou projektu NAZV MZe \u010cR \u010d.\u00a0QJ1620395 s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem Obnova a\u00a0v\u00fdstavba rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0lesn\u00edch porostech jako sou\u010d\u00e1st udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s\u00a0vodn\u00edmi zdroji v\u00a0\u010cR.<\/em><\/p>\n

P\u016fvodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek byl publikov\u00e1n ve sborn\u00edku Rybn\u00edky 2018, ISBN 978-80-01-06452-8.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Potenci\u00e1l obnovy vodn\u00edch ploch je aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm t\u00e9matem v sou\u010dasn\u00e9m krajinn\u00e9m pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nej\u010dast\u011bji jsou na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky zkoum\u00e1ny vodn\u00ed plochy na star\u00fdch topografick\u00fdch map\u00e1ch od poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed, na kter\u00fdch je ji\u017e velmi dobr\u00e1 polohov\u00e1 p\u0159esnost topografick\u00e9ho z\u00e1kresu. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5787,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[91,88],"tags":[1500,520,978,1499],"coauthors":[947,1485,235,234,1486,1487,1488,1489],"class_list":["post-5912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-applied-ecology","category-informatics-cartography-in-water-management","tag-ceska-republika","tag-povodi","tag-stare-topograficke-mapy","tag-vodni-plochy"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5912","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5912"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5912\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30494,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5912\/revisions\/30494"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5787"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5912"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5912"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5912"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=5912"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}