{"id":5629,"date":"2018-12-12T16:13:21","date_gmt":"2018-12-12T15:13:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=5629"},"modified":"2024-07-16T14:40:26","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T13:40:26","slug":"looking-back-at-the-national-water-dialogue-2018","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2018\/12\/looking-back-at-the-national-water-dialogue-2018\/","title":{"rendered":"Looking back at the National Water Dialogue 2018"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

Tradi\u010dn\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti, z\u00e1stupc\u016f st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy a\u00a0samospr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 se ji\u017e v\u017eilo pod ozna\u010den\u00edm N\u00e1rodn\u00ed dialog o\u00a0vod\u011b, se konalo ve dnech 18.\u201319. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2018. Leto\u0161n\u00ed, ji\u017e osm\u00e9 pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed akce, p\u0159ineslo dv\u011b organiza\u010dn\u00ed zm\u011bny. P\u0159edn\u011b podzimn\u00ed term\u00edn kon\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0nov\u011b tak\u00e9 m\u00edsto\u00a0\u2013 poprv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky p\u0159iv\u00edtal hotel Skalsk\u00fd Dv\u016fr na Vyso\u010din\u011b. Akce byla p\u0159ipravena \u010ceskou v\u011bdeckotechnickou vodohospod\u00e1\u0159skou spole\u010dnost\u00ed (\u010cVTVHS, z. s.) ve spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0V\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm \u00fastavem vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm T.\u00a0G. Masaryka, v.\u00a0v.\u00a0i. (d\u00e1le jen V\u00daV TGM). Odborn\u00fdm garantem akce byl Ing.\u00a0Karel Drbal,\u00a0Ph.D., (V\u00daV TGM) a\u00a0organiza\u010dn\u00edm garantem pak Ing.\u00a0V\u00e1clav Be\u010dv\u00e1\u0159,\u00a0CSc. (\u010cVTVHS, z. s.).<\/p>\n

T\u00e9ma leto\u0161n\u00edho ro\u010dn\u00edku N\u00e1rodn\u00edho dialogu o\u00a0vod\u011b, kter\u00e9 se neslo pod n\u00e1zvem: Vodn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy, ji\u017e samo o\u00a0sob\u011b otev\u0159elo \u0159adu ot\u00e1zek. Akce si kladla za c\u00edl nal\u00e9zt, alespo\u0148 na n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0nich, p\u0159il\u00e9hav\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi. Zejm\u00e9na, co v\u0161e je v\u011bc\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu ve vodn\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, kde a\u00a0jak ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem vznik\u00e1, kdo jej formuluje, reprezentuje a\u00a0h\u00e1j\u00ed\u00a0atd. Form\u00e1t akce a\u00a0zejm\u00e9na p\u0159\u00edtomnost 77 \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f nab\u00eddly r\u016fzn\u00e9 pohledy na shodn\u00e9 problematiky vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a\u00a0\u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed z\u00a0\u00farovn\u011b st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy, samospr\u00e1vy, spr\u00e1vc\u016f a\u00a0odborn\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0\u00favodn\u00edm dopoledn\u00edm bloku vyhrazen\u00e9m pro \u010destn\u00e9 hosty, vystoupil se zdravic\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159edstaven\u00edm V\u00daV TGM jeho \u0159editel pan Ing.\u00a0Tom\u00e1\u0161 Urban. P\u0159ipomn\u011bl, \u017ee jak zalo\u017een\u00ed \u00fastavu p\u0159ed 99 lety, tak jeho sou\u010dasn\u00e1 forma, coby ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 instituce, odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed napl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159ady ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f. Ty mohou a\u00a0jsou vn\u00edm\u00e1ny r\u016fzn\u011b. Z\u00e1v\u011brem prezentace zazn\u011blo pozv\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f setk\u00e1n\u00ed na oslavy 100. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00ed \u00fastavu v\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce. K\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed problematice sucha a\u00a0nedostatku vody zazn\u011bl p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek od p\u0159edsedy \u010cVTVHS, z. s., a\u00a0\u0159editele \u010cHM\u00da pana Mgr.\u00a0Marka Riedera. Zde poslucha\u010di z\u00edskali ucelenou p\u0159edstavu o\u00a0v\u0161ech v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch iniciativ\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00a0vl\u00e1dn\u00ed (resortn\u00ed) i\u00a0parlamentn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b vedeny s\u00a0c\u00edlem p\u0159ij\u00edmat kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed, jak p\u0159edch\u00e1zet a\u00a0sni\u017eovat dopady nedostatku vody. N\u00e1sledoval podrobn\u00fd vhled do aktivit Ministerstva zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed v\u00a0oboru VH, kter\u00fd p\u0159ednesl pan Ing.\u00a0Daniel Pokorn\u00fd, \u0159editel odboru st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy ve vodn\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a\u00a0spr\u00e1vy povod\u00ed. Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed v\u00a0\u00favodn\u00edm bloku prezentoval pan Ing.\u00a0Ev\u017een Zavadil, vedouc\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed ochrany vod a\u00a0z\u00e1stupce \u0159editele odboru ochrany vod. Mil\u00fdm hostem byla pan\u00ed sen\u00e1torka Ing.\u00a0Bc.\u00a0Anna Hub\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 se problematikou vody jako slo\u017eky \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed zab\u00fdv\u00e1 celou svou profesn\u00ed kari\u00e9ru a\u00a0mohla poskytnout \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016fm setk\u00e1n\u00ed praktick\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti z\u00a0vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0samospr\u00e1v na komun\u00e1ln\u00ed, krajsk\u00e9 \u00farovni p\u0159i posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch mnohdy kolizn\u00edch z\u00e1jm\u016f.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Vodn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy je t\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uchopeno mnoha zp\u016fsoby a\u00a0ani tak nen\u00ed jist\u00e9, \u017ee budou zodpov\u011bzeny beze zbytku v\u0161echny souvisej\u00edc\u00ed ot\u00e1zky. Aby dialog byl dialogem, bylo snahou organiz\u00e1tor\u016f vytvo\u0159it maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed prostor pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 diskuse, kter\u00e9 byly uvozeny celkem patn\u00e1cti p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky.<\/p>\n

\u00davodn\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kou se pan JUDr.\u00a0Zden\u011bk Hor\u00e1\u010dek,\u00a0Ph.D., (Ambruz\u2008&\u2008Dark Deloitte Legal, s. r.\u00a0o.) v\u011bnoval aplikaci pojmu ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem ve vodn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu. Ji\u017e formulace ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00fdm procesem, proto\u017ee nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 vymezit pouze jeden univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1jem, kter\u00fd by byl nad\u0159azen v\u0161em ostatn\u00edm, d\u00edl\u010d\u00edm. Zde\u00a0byl p\u0159ipomenut n\u00e1lez \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu (28. 6. 2005, sp. zn.\u00a0Pl. \u00daS 24\/04), podle kter\u00e9ho by ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem v\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u011bci m\u011bl b\u00fdt zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu spr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b pom\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch partikul\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1jm\u016f, po zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed v\u0161ech rozpor\u016f a\u00a0p\u0159ipom\u00ednek. Z\u00a0od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00edho rozhodnut\u00ed pak mus\u00ed z\u0159eteln\u011b vyplynout, pro\u010d ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eil nad \u0159adou jin\u00fdch partikul\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1jm\u016f. Ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem je t\u0159eba nal\u00e9zt v\u00a0procesu rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce a\u00a0nelze jej v\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u011bci a\u00a0priori stanovit. Z\u00a0t\u011bchto d\u016fvod\u016f je zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu v\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b typicky pravomoc\u00ed moci v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 a\u00a0nikoliv z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e9. Za p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed stoj\u00ed princip definov\u00e1n\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu p\u0159\u00edmo z\u00e1konem, kter\u00fd jako n\u00e1vrh \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zazn\u011bl v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f. Zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd princip \u201edeklarov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu v\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u011b ur\u010den\u00e9 v\u011bci z\u00e1konem\u201c, pokl\u00e1d\u00e1 \u00dastavn\u00ed soud za proti\u00fastavn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nad pot\u0159ebou definov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu ve vodn\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u011b se zam\u00fd\u0161lela ve sv\u00e9m vystoupen\u00ed pan\u00ed prom. pr\u00e1v. Jaroslava Nietscheov\u00e1 z\u00a0Povod\u00ed Vltavy,\u00a0s.\u00a0p., vych\u00e1zela ze skute\u010dnost\u00ed, se kter\u00fdmi se spr\u00e1vci povod\u00ed v\u00a0praxi setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed. V\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch situac\u00edch zpravidla existuje pluralita ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f. Ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem je nutno ch\u00e1pat jako mo\u017enost st\u00e1tu (ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 moci) \u017e\u00e1dat po kter\u00e9koliv pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 nebo fyzick\u00e9 osob\u011b, aby n\u011bco konala, n\u011b\u010deho se zdr\u017eela nebo n\u011bco strp\u011bla. V\u00a0oblasti vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed je z\u00e1konem \u010d.\u00a0254\/2001 Sb., o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch a\u00a0o\u00a0zm\u011bn\u011b n\u011bkter\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f (vodn\u00ed z\u00e1kon), ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem deklarov\u00e1n nebo zohledn\u011bn v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b ustanoven\u00ed. Za v\u00fdslovn\u00fd ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem je mo\u017eno pova\u017eovat stanoven\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f (\u00a7\u00a030\u00a0odst. 1). D\u00e1le je ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem uveden \u00a7\u00a052 odst. 2 (povinnosti vlastn\u00edk\u016f staveb a\u00a0za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00a0korytech vodn\u00edch tok\u016f nebo soused\u00edc\u00edch s\u00a0nimi), \u00a7\u00a056 odst. 4 (stavby k\u00a0VH meliorac\u00edm pozemk\u016f), \u00a7\u00a059 odst. 5 (povinnosti vlastn\u00edk\u016f vodn\u00edch d\u011bl) nebo \u00a7\u00a062 odst. 2 (povinnosti vlastn\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0stavebn\u00edk\u016f vodn\u00edch d\u011bl p\u0159i technicko-bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm dohledu). Z\u00e1v\u011brem bylo doporu\u010deno zv\u00e1\u017eit ve smyslu p\u0159ijat\u00e9 koncepce vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed povinnosti a\u00a0omezen\u00ed prohl\u00e1s\u00ed z\u00e1kon za ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem, a\u00a0t\u00edm je vylou\u010d\u00ed z\u00a0rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i vodopr\u00e1vn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ed vodopr\u00e1vn\u00edmi \u00fa\u0159ady.<\/p>\n

Podrobn\u00fd exkurz i\u00a0do etymologick\u00fdch anal\u00fdz a\u00a0filozofick\u00fdch \u00favah umo\u017enil \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016fm N\u00e1rodn\u00edho dialogu pan Ing.\u00a0Arno\u0161t Kult z\u00a0V\u00daV TGM svoj\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kou nazvanou: Historick\u00fd, sociologick\u00fd, politologick\u00fd a\u00a0pr\u00e1vn\u00ed rozbor pojmu \u201eve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem\u201c. V\u00a0\u00favodu zd\u016fraznil neur\u010ditost, kter\u00e1 se v\u00e1\u017ee k\u00a0souslov\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem a\u00a0d\u00e1le konstataci, \u017ee se nejedn\u00e1 pouze o\u00a0pojem \u00fazce pr\u00e1vn\u00ed, ale lze jej sp\u00ed\u0161e ozna\u010dit za pojem spole\u010denskov\u011bdn\u00ed. V\u00a0tomto \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm pojet\u00ed se mnohdy hovo\u0159\u00ed i\u00a0o\u00a0tzv.\u00a0spole\u010densk\u00e9m \u010di celospole\u010densk\u00e9m z\u00e1jmu (p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v\u00a0EU pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9m obecn\u00e9m z\u00e1jmu). V\u00a0p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ce byl d\u00e1le v\u011bnov\u00e1n prostor dal\u0161\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00edm pojm\u016fm a\u00a0jejich p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdm prom\u011bn\u00e1m v\u00a0historick\u00e9m kontextu: ve\u0159ejnost, ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti, ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed, ve\u0159ejn\u00fd statek, obecn\u00e9 dobro. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1v\u011brem bylo uvedeno, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem lze \u201erozd\u011blit\u201c na slo\u017eku ryze \u201eracion\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c a\u00a0sp\u00ed\u0161e \u201eiracion\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c, kter\u00e1 je v\u011bt\u0161inou ur\u010dov\u00e1na velmi t\u011b\u017ece \u201euchopiteln\u00fdm\u201c a\u00a0neust\u00e1le se m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edm (rovn\u011b\u017e v\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti na v\u00a0dan\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed politick\u00e9 \u201etendence\u201c) ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm m\u00edn\u011bn\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed blok p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek uzav\u0159elo vystoupen\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m pan RNDr.\u00a0Josef K. Fuksa,\u00a0CSc., (V\u00daV TGM) odpov\u00eddal na ot\u00e1zku: K\u00a0\u010demu jsou n\u00e1m \u0159eky dobr\u00e9\u00a0\u2013 co formuje ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem? Proto, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159istoupit ke specifikaci ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu na vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch, uvedl autor podrobn\u00fd p\u0159ehled funkc\u00ed tok\u016f v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 krajin\u011b. Je-li pominut d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd \u201ekulturn\u00ed\u201c aspekt\u00a0\u2013 \u0159eky jsou historickou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed krajiny, d\u011bjin, na\u0161ich domov\u016f\u00a0atd., nab\u00eddl autor sd\u011blen\u00ed dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy, kter\u00e9 existuj\u00ed a\u00a0uplat\u0148uj\u00ed se sou\u010dasn\u011b: (i) p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed funkce (historick\u00e1 i\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e1 tvorba krajiny, transport vody, ekosyst\u00e9my); (ii) antropogenn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup (zdroje, recipient odpadn\u00edch vod, energetika, doprava). P\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ka sm\u011b\u0159ovala k\u00a0zobecn\u011bn\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho rozporu\/kompromisu mezi uveden\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstupy.\u00a0K\u00a0vymezen\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu pak bylo doporu\u010deno: t\u011bsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vazba sou\u010dasn\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f na R\u00e1mcovou sm\u011brnici o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch (ve zn\u011bn\u00ed \u010dl. 1), respektov\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edch tok\u016f (vody obecn\u011b) jako dlouhodob\u00e9ho spole\u010dn\u00e9ho zdroje, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje soustavnou ochranu; s\u00a0t\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00ed aktivn\u00ed aplikace principu p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 opatrnosti v\u010detn\u011b zapojen\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb.<\/p>\n

Odpoledn\u00ed blok semin\u00e1\u0159e byl zah\u00e1jen p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kou \u201eVodn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a\u00a0faktor ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu\u201c, kterou za nep\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho autora, pana RNDr.\u00a0Pavla Pun\u010doch\u00e1\u0159e,\u00a0CSc., (MZe) p\u0159ednesl pan Ing.\u00a0Daniel Pokorn\u00fd. V\u00a0\u00favodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti nav\u00e1zal na v\u00fdkladovou \u010d\u00e1st p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch sd\u011blen\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem p\u0159edstavuje pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kategorii, kter\u00e1 ohrani\u010duje specifick\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed jak individu\u00e1ln\u00ed, tak, v\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech, tak\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed (pokud by byla omezov\u00e1na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va). A\u010dkoliv se jedn\u00e1 v\u00a0praxi o\u00a0velmi frekventovan\u00fd term\u00edn, nen\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b definov\u00e1n a\u00a0v\u00a0mnoha pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpisech jsou uvedeny odkazy ve vazb\u011b na r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, omezen\u00ed, prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed. Je ot\u00e1zkou, zda specifikaci d\u016fvod\u016f uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch situac\u00edch by m\u011bly obsahovat jednotliv\u00e9 z\u00e1kony. Nosn\u00fdm t\u00e9matem p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky byla tzv.\u00a0\u201ekonkurence\u201c ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f, kdy sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, nap\u0159.\u00a0formou meziresortn\u00edch dohod, jsou mnohdy problematick\u00e9 a\u00a0org\u00e1ny st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy zjevn\u011b nejsou kone\u010dnou instanc\u00ed rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed. S\u00a0pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edmi d\u016fsledky zm\u011bny klimatu v\u00a0oblasti vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed se dost\u00e1v\u00e1me do \u201ekonkursu\u201c uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zp\u016fsoby \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed chyb\u011bj\u00ed jak pro individu\u00e1ln\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed, tak pro postoje resort\u016f. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee nejobt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u201enad\u0159azenosti\u201c v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ochrany kvality \u017eivota obyvatel v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0ochranou organism\u016f v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9mech (tj. ochranou p\u0159\u00edrody). Zda se bude da\u0159it \u201emeziresortn\u00ed\u201c vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je z\u00e1visl\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na jednaj\u00edc\u00edch osob\u00e1ch, co\u017e samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nastoluje kritiku subjektivn\u00ed podjatosti. Rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed soudu v\u00a0t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech je (politicky) nesch\u016fdn\u00e9. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed zjevn\u011b nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed dikce vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona, \u017ee harmonizaci zajist\u00ed \u201epl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti vod jako trval\u00e1 koncep\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnost\u201c. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci prezentace bylo p\u0159ipomenuto n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f chybn\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u201ekonkurence\u201c ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f z\u00a0posledn\u00ed doby (odpor obce Nov\u00e9 He\u0159minovy v\u016f\u010di realizaci z\u00e1m\u011bru ochrany regionu p\u0159ed povodn\u011bmi, zm\u011bna konceptu n\u00e1dr\u017ee M\u011bl\u010dany, ukon\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravy n\u00e1dr\u017ee P\u011b\u010d\u00edn a\u00a0zejm\u00e9na sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010dtu h\u00e1jen\u00fdch lokalit pro pot\u0159eby v\u00fdstavby p\u0159ehradn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed viz Generel\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch pro akumulaci povrchov\u00fdch vod).<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Jednotliv\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy zaji\u0161\u0165ovan\u00e9 \u010dinnostmi podnik\u016f Povod\u00ed podrobn\u011b a\u00a0p\u0159ehledn\u011b uvedl pan Dr.\u00a0Ing.\u00a0Anton\u00edn T\u016fma z\u00a0Povod\u00ed Moravy,\u00a0s.\u00a0p.\u00a0Mezi \u010dinnosti vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u201eve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu\u201c n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed spr\u00e1va povod\u00ed definovan\u00e1 vodn\u00edm z\u00e1konem p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00ed spr\u00e1vu a\u00a0monitoring povrchov\u00fdch vod, jejich ochranu a\u00a0zabezpe\u010den\u00ed jejich hospod\u00e1rn\u00e9ho a\u00a0\u00fa\u010deln\u00e9ho vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b ochrany vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, ochrany p\u0159ed povodn\u011bmi v\u00a0r\u00e1mci vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed. Vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u00a0tomto smyslu kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0koncep\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnost vykon\u00e1van\u00e1 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu s\u00a0historickou tradic\u00ed v\u00a0na\u0161ich zem\u00edch. Podrobn\u011b k\u00a0t\u00e9matu vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0historick\u00fdch souvislostech vystoupil s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kou pan Ing.\u00a0Miroslav Folt\u00fdn (vedouc\u00ed \u00fatvaru vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, Povod\u00ed Moravy,\u00a0s.\u00a0p.).\u00a0Chronologicky byl uveden p\u0159ehled v\u00fdvoje vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, jeho pr\u00e1vn\u00edch a\u00a0koncep\u010dn\u00edch dokument\u016f v\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti na m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se pot\u0159eby spole\u010dnosti. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b nechyb\u011bl ani pohled na aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0n\u011bkdy bolestiv\u00e1 d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed t\u00e9mata VH pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed (nejednozna\u010dn\u00e1 metodick\u00e1 podpora procesu pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, nejasn\u00e1 z\u00e1vaznost realizac\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, mnoh\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed nejsou v\u00a0kompetenci oboru vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed\u00a0atd.).<\/p>\n

Na \u00fakoly VH pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed nav\u00e1zala sv\u00fdm vystoupen\u00edm pan\u00ed RNDr.\u00a0Hana Prchalov\u00e1 (V\u00daV TGM), kdy\u017e se zam\u011b\u0159ila na ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem v\u00a0pl\u00e1nech povod\u00ed podle R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch. Pr\u00e1v\u011b uveden\u00e1 sm\u011brnice zmi\u0148uje ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem v\u00a0\u010dl. 4, kde jsou definov\u00e1ny environment\u00e1ln\u00ed c\u00edle a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 v\u00fdjimky z\u00a0t\u011bchto c\u00edl\u016f. I\u00a0kdy\u017e je nad\u0159azen\u00fd ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem v\u00fdslovn\u011b uveden pro aplikaci \u010dl. 4.7 (v\u00fdjimky d\u016fsledkem vlivu nov\u011b zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00fdch fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch pom\u011br\u016f v\u00a0\u00fatvaru povrchov\u00e9 vody nebo zm\u011bn hladin \u00fatvar\u016f podzemn\u00ed vody), seznam mo\u017en\u00fdch tzv.\u00a0uznateln\u00fdch u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je vyjmenov\u00e1n u\u00a0identifikace siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f. Mezi uznateln\u00e1 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed tyto \u201eu\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 funkce\u201c: (i) \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed okol\u00ed, (ii) plavba, v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nebo rekreace, (iii) \u010dinnosti, pro n\u011b\u017e je voda j\u00edm\u00e1na, jako je z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed pitnou vodou, v\u00fdroba elektrick\u00e9 energie nebo z\u00e1vlahy, (iv) \u00faprava vodn\u00edch pom\u011br\u016f, ochrana p\u0159ed povodn\u011bmi, odvod\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo (v) jin\u00e9 stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 trval\u00e9 rozvojov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti \u010dlov\u011bka. V\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9 metodice ur\u010den\u00ed siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f z\u00a0roku 2013 byl seznam uznateln\u00fdch u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e1le zp\u0159esn\u011bn (nap\u0159. do trval\u00e9 rozvojov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti \u010dlov\u011bka byly zahrnuty chov ryb v\u00a0r\u00e1mci vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f v\u00a0kategorii jezero a\u00a0odb\u011bry vod pro pr\u016fmysl). Proto\u017ee uznateln\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je z\u00e1rove\u0148 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm prvkem pro stanoven\u00ed ekologick\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu (tedy c\u00edle jsou pod\u0159\u00edzeny tomuto u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed), prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nov\u00e9 up\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch funkc\u00ed mezi Ministerstvem zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a\u00a0Ministerstvem \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u00fdsledek uznateln\u00fdch u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011bl b\u00fdt pou\u017eit jako podklad pro uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdjimek podle \u010dl. 4.7, nebo\u0165 hlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi identifikac\u00ed siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f a\u00a0aplikac\u00ed \u010dl. 4.7 je v\u00a0tom, \u017ee p\u0159i identifikaci siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch \u00fatvar\u016f se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed (a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed), kde\u017eto p\u0159i aplikaci \u010dl. 4.7 se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0nov\u00e9, pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0zm\u011bny.<\/p>\n

S\u00a0\u00favahou na t\u00e9ma: \u201eJe voda samoz\u0159ejmost nebo n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bohatstv\u00ed\u201c vystoupil Ing.\u00a0V\u00e1clav Hlav\u00e1\u010dek,\u00a0CSc. (Agr\u00e1rn\u00ed komora \u010cR). V\u00a0polemick\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi bylo zd\u016frazn\u011bno, \u017ee voda jako surovina je velkou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed spole\u010dnosti vn\u00edm\u00e1na sp\u00ed\u0161e jako samoz\u0159ejmost a\u00a0odpov\u00edd\u00e1 tomu mnohdy ne\u0161etrn\u00e9 nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0vodou. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu a\u00a0rezervy je t\u0159eba vid\u011bt ji\u017e ve v\u00fdchov\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed a\u00a0ml\u00e1de\u017ee, aby bylo dosa\u017eeno jin\u00e9ho, odpov\u011bdn\u00e9ho postoje k\u00a0vod\u011b. Zm\u011bny k\u00a0lep\u0161\u00edmu a\u00a0hospod\u00e1rn\u00e9mu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vody nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00edce odkl\u00e1dat a\u00a0je t\u0159eba uplatnit celou \u0161k\u00e1lu vhodn\u00fdch a\u00a0promy\u0161len\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd den semin\u00e1\u0159e byl zah\u00e1jen t\u00e9matem\u00a0\u2013 \u00dazemn\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m z\u00e1jmu: teorie a\u00a0praxe. Velice zaj\u00edmavou p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kou p\u0159edstavila pan\u00ed Ing.\u00a0V\u011bra T\u0159\u00edskov\u00e1, z\u00a0Krajsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu Jiho\u010desk\u00e9ho kraje, n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m sk\u00fdt\u00e1 z\u00e1kon 183\/2006 Sb., o\u00a0\u00fazemn\u00edm pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0stavebn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du, a\u00a0leckdy ne zcela \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 jejich uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0praxi. \u00davodem byly p\u0159ipomenuty c\u00edle \u00fazemn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed (\u00daP), kter\u00e9 mj. sleduj\u00ed dosa\u017een\u00ed obecn\u011b prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho souladu ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch a\u00a0soukrom\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f na rozvoji \u00fazem\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u011b \u00falohou org\u00e1n\u016f \u00daP je koordinace ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch i\u00a0soukrom\u00fdch z\u00e1m\u011br\u016f zm\u011bn v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed, v\u00fdstavby a\u00a0jin\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed rozvoj \u00fazem\u00ed a\u00a0konkretizuj\u00ed ochranu ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f. D\u00e1le \u00fazemn\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m z\u00e1jmu chr\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0rozv\u00edj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed, kulturn\u00ed a\u00a0civiliza\u010dn\u00ed hodnoty \u00fazem\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b urbanistick\u00e9ho, architektonick\u00e9ho a\u00a0archeologick\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed. P\u0159itom chr\u00e1n\u00ed krajinu jako podstatnou slo\u017eku prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u017eivota obyvatel a\u00a0z\u00e1klad jejich toto\u017enosti. S\u00a0ohledem na to ur\u010duje podm\u00ednky pro hospod\u00e1rn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zastav\u011bn\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed a\u00a0zaji\u0161\u0165uje ochranu nezastav\u011bn\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed a\u00a0nezastaviteln\u00fdch pozemk\u016f. I\u00a0kdy\u017e v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0jin\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy lze usuzovat, \u017ee c\u00edle \u00fazemn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou ve stavebn\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u011b podrobn\u011bji uvedeny, p\u0159esto p\u0159\u00edklady z\u00a0praxe ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee ne v\u017edy je dodr\u017een \u201educh z\u00e1kona\u201c \u010di dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0uveden\u00fdch\u00a0p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f bylo umis\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed kolizn\u00ed aktivity do z\u00e1plavov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed, kde se ve v\u00fdsledku jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0nesoulad se z\u00e1vazn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem \u00daP s\u00a0celost\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u016fsobnost\u00ed, kter\u00fdm je Politika \u00fazemn\u00edho rozvoje \u010cR, resp. jej\u00ed aktualizace \u010d.\u00a01 z\u00a0roku 2015.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ce se pan Ing.\u00a0Petr Tu\u0161il,\u00a0Ph.D., MBA, (V\u00daV TGM) zam\u011b\u0159il na\u00a0problematiku nad\u0159azen\u00e9ho ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu s\u00a0ohledem na uplatn\u011bn\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016f a\u00a0podm\u00ednek \u010dl. 4.7 R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice 2000\/60\/ES (RSV). Ve sv\u00e9m sd\u011blen\u00ed podrobn\u011b p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eil p\u0159\u00edpad z\u00e1m\u011bru realizace MVE v\u00a0Rakousku, kter\u00fd nicm\u00e9n\u011b skon\u010dil a\u017e u\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9ho soudn\u00edho dvora. V\u00fdsledkem tedy byla soudn\u00ed kauza Evropsk\u00e1 komise (EK) versus Rakousk\u00e1 republika. Spor spo\u010d\u00edval ve skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee EK vyt\u00fdkala Rakousku, \u017ee povolen\u00edm v\u00fdstavby vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny na \u0159ece Schwarze Sulm, nebyly spln\u011bny povinnosti, kter\u00e9 vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed z\u00a0ustanoven\u00ed \u010dl.\u00a04\u00a0odst. 1 a\u00a07 RSV. Sou\u010dasn\u011b EK uv\u00e1d\u011bla argument, \u017ee nelze ani uplatnit v\u00fdjimku ze z\u00e1kazu zhor\u0161en\u00ed podle \u010dl. 4.7 RSV. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b rakousk\u00e1 strana se op\u00edrala o\u00a0rozhodnut\u00ed z\u00a0roku 2007 povolit projekt vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny vedouc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ke zhor\u0161en\u00ed stavu \u00fatvaru povrchov\u00e9 vody, jeliko\u017e v\u0161echny podm\u00ednky stanoven\u00e9 v\u00a0RSV \u010dl. 4.7 byly dodr\u017eeny. Nav\u00edc zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed bylo p\u0159ijato po proveden\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e bylo pr\u00e1vn\u011b p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1no a\u00a0posouzeno celkov\u00e9 stanovisko t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se existence nad\u0159azen\u00e9ho ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu s\u00a0p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k\u00a0c\u00edl\u016fm RSV a\u00a0\u00fa\u010dink\u016fm, kter\u00e9 bude m\u00edt tento projekt na region\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0lok\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je poznamenat, \u017ee v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sporn\u00e9ho projektu rakousk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady velmi podrobn\u011b analyzovaly a\u00a0pom\u011b\u0159ily o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ednosy oproti skute\u010dnosti zhor\u0161en\u00ed stavu vodn\u00edho \u00fatvaru. Byl dolo\u017een c\u00edl v\u00fdstavby MVE rozvoj energie z\u00a0obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 nad\u0159azen\u00e9mu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu z\u00e1jmu, to bylo jednozna\u010dn\u011b potvrzeno n\u00e1vaznou studi\u00ed a\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem tedy v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eil nad zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdmi z\u00e1sahy do environment\u00e1ln\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f. Proto\u017ee EK nedolo\u017eila konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u00fdtky k\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm studie, soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr konstatoval, \u017ee EK tvrzen\u00e9 nespln\u011bn\u00ed povinnost\u00ed neprok\u00e1zala a\u00a0\u017ealoba byla zam\u00edtnuta jako neopodstatn\u011bn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Jin\u00fd pohled na obsah pojmu ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem nab\u00eddl pan RNDr.\u00a0Jan Da\u0148helka,\u00a0Ph.D., z\u00a0\u010cHM\u00da. Zab\u00fdval se ot\u00e1zkou, nakolik je po\u017eadavek po\u0159izovat informace o\u00a0vod\u011b pr\u00e1v\u011b ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm z\u00e1jmem. P\u0159ipomenul miln\u00edky, ud\u00e1losti a\u00a0kon\u00e1n\u00ed historick\u00fdch postav, kter\u00e9 vedly k\u00a0zah\u00e1jen\u00ed organizovan\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed hydrosf\u00e9ry u\u00a0n\u00e1s v\u00a0roce 1875 jako ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Sou\u010dasn\u011b s\u00a0uveden\u00edm v\u00fdvoje t\u011bchto n\u00e1rok\u016f a\u00a0po\u017eadavk\u016f k\u00a0dne\u0161ku byla hled\u00e1na odpov\u011b\u010f na souvisej\u00edc\u00ed ot\u00e1zku, zda by hydrologick\u00e1 data mohla b\u00fdt po\u0159izov\u00e1na na komer\u010dn\u00edm principu. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b srozumiteln\u00fdch simulac\u00ed shrnut\u00ed hlavn\u00edch aspekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed u\u017eitnou hodnotu slu\u017eeb, dosp\u011bla \u00favaha k\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dat o\u00a0vod\u011b napl\u0148uje charakter ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu, hlavn\u011b proto, \u017ee zjevn\u011b nenapl\u0148uj\u00ed znaky z\u00e1jmu soukrom\u00e9ho. Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed o\u00a0vod\u011b by na komer\u010dn\u00edm principu z\u0159ejm\u011b fungovat nemohlo, pokud by \u00fahrada nebyla zaji\u0161t\u011bna z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch pen\u011bz a\u00a0tedy po\u0159izovatelem st\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

\u010ctvrt\u00fd blok p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek zah\u00e1jil pan Ing.\u00a0Arno\u0161t Kult (V\u00daV TGM) p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem: Ve\u0159ejn\u00fd charakter povrchov\u00fdch vod\u00a0\u2013 historick\u00fd p\u0159ehled p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravy. Pom\u011brn\u011b podrobn\u00fd historickopr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159ehled byl zah\u00e1jen vhledem do v\u00fdznamu pojm\u016f a\u00a0rozd\u011blen\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed v\u00a0\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu. Ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vnost \u0159ek, zde byla vymezena ve smyslu tzv.\u00a0\u201eres publica\u201c (v\u011bc ve\u0159ejn\u00e1)\u00a0\u2013 tj.\u00a0pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm. Obdobn\u011b rakousk\u00fd Obecn\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00a0roku 1811, kter\u00fd platil i\u00a0pro \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cech, Moravy a\u00a0Slezska prakticky a\u017e do roku 1950, poj\u00edmal v\u011bci ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 jako obecn\u00fd statek \u010di ve\u0159ejn\u00fd majetek. Podle \u00dastavy \u010cSSR (z\u00e1kon \u010d.\u00a0100\/1960 Sb.) byly vodn\u00ed toky pokl\u00e1d\u00e1ny za tzv.\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00ed majetek. Po roce 1989 do\u0161lo bohu\u017eel k\u00a0\u00fapln\u00e9mu zru\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku\u00a0\u2013 nov\u00e1 \u00dastava \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky (z\u00e1kon \u010d.\u00a01\/1993 Sb.) ji\u017e majetkopr\u00e1vn\u00ed charakter povrchov\u00fdch vod ne\u0159e\u0161ila s\u00a0ohledem na p\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed budou obsa\u017eena pouze v\u00a0z\u00e1konu speci\u00e1ln\u00edm, tj.\u00a0v\u00a0z\u00e1konu o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch. P\u0159ed vyd\u00e1n\u00edm z\u00e1kona \u010d.\u00a0254\/2001 Sb., o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch a\u00a0o\u00a0zm\u011bn\u011b n\u011bkter\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f (vodn\u00ed z\u00e1kon), prob\u00edhala na dan\u00e9 t\u00e9ma \u0161irok\u00e1 odborn\u00e1 diskuse. Nakonec bylo rozhodnuto (i\u00a0s\u00a0ohledem na ur\u010dit\u00e9 obavy z\u00a0mo\u017en\u00e9 \u201eprivatizace\u201c vodn\u00edch tok\u016f) tak, \u017ee povrchov\u00e9 vody nebudou poj\u00edm\u00e1ny jako p\u0159edm\u011bt vlastnictv\u00ed (tedy t\u00e9\u017e ne ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho)\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0\u017ee budou zahrnuty do kategorie \u201eres nullius\u201c (v\u011bc nikoho, \u201ev\u011bc bez p\u00e1na\u201c). Autor p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku vznesl pouze n\u00e1m\u011bt na mo\u017enou dal\u0161\u00ed odbornou diskusi na dan\u00e9 t\u00e9ma (vych\u00e1zel t\u00e9\u017e z\u00a0t\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee pom\u011brn\u011b \u201evyhrocen\u00e1\u201c teoreticko-pr\u00e1vn\u00ed diskuse z\u00a0devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed nebyla dosud zcela rozhodnuta)\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0to, zda by nebylo vhodn\u00e9 se v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 novelizovan\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprav\u011b \u201evr\u00e1tit\u201c zp\u011bt k\u00a0osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9mu majetkopr\u00e1vn\u00edmu pojet\u00ed povrchov\u00fdch vod obsa\u017een\u00e9mu jak v\u00a0\u201eklasick\u00fdch\u201c definic\u00edch \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, tak i\u00a0v\u00a0Obecn\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u00edku ob\u010dansk\u00e9m z\u00a0roku 1811.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed sd\u011blen\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159ilo pozornost na povod\u0148ovou problematiku, resp. na v\u00fdvoj m\u00edry povod\u0148ov\u00e9ho ohro\u017een\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cR.\u00a0Na z\u00e1klad\u011b zpracovan\u00fdch dat, kter\u00e1 byla po\u0159\u00edzena v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu let 2009 a\u017e 2016, dokumentoval Ing.\u00a0Karel Drbal,\u00a0Ph.D., (V\u00daV TGM) negativn\u00ed trend, toti\u017e zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161kod v\u00a0tzv.\u00a0z\u00e1plavov\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch (Z\u00da). Jedn\u00e1 se paradoxn\u011b o\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed, jejich\u017e vymezen\u00ed podle \u00a7\u00a065 z\u00e1kona \u010d.\u00a0254\/2001 Sb. o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch pat\u0159\u00ed mezi povod\u0148ov\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edpravn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti jsou v\u00a0\u010cR stanovena Z\u00da celkem na cca 15 tis.\u2008km \u00fasek\u016f vodn\u00edch tok\u016f. Siln\u00e9 restrikce (viz \u00a7\u00a067 vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona) jsou definov\u00e1ny v\u00a0tzv.\u00a0aktivn\u00edch z\u00f3n\u00e1ch z\u00e1plavov\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed. T\u011bchto je stanoveno na cca 12,5 tis.\u2008km \u00fasek\u016f tok\u016f. Uveden\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti je t\u0159eba vn\u00edmat optikou, \u017ee informace a\u00a0podklady o\u00a0povod\u0148ov\u00e9m nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, ohro\u017een\u00ed a\u00a0rizic\u00edch jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 a\u00a0zmapovan\u00e9 pro drtivou v\u011bt\u0161inu lokalit v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice. Sou\u010dasn\u011b v\u0161ichni bychom m\u011bli m\u00edt je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0\u017eiv\u00e9 pam\u011bti t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dv\u011b povod\u0148ov\u00e9 dek\u00e1dy. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159esto v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b 250 obc\u00ed ze 787 (obce, kde mezi lety 2009\u20132016 nedo\u0161lo ke zm\u011bn\u011b plochy rozlivu Q100<\/sub>) se zv\u00fd\u0161il pod\u00edl trvale bydl\u00edc\u00edch osob pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0Z\u00da o\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 %. Uveden\u00e9 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se zvy\u0161uj\u00ed povod\u0148ov\u00e1 rizika,\u00a0n\u00e1klady na realizaci a\u00a0provoz \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed do budoucna jak preventivn\u00edch, tak i\u00a0operativn\u00edch. Jist\u011b nen\u00ed ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m (v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9m) z\u00e1jmu ochrana majetk\u016f za ka\u017edou cenu.<\/p>\n

Posledn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek pana Ing.\u00a0Stanislava \u017dateck\u00e9ho z\u00a0akciov\u00e9\u00a0spole\u010dnosti Vodn\u00ed d\u00edla\u00a0\u2013 technicko-bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed dohled se obs\u00e1hl\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem v\u011bnoval vyu\u017eit\u00ed mal\u00fdch vodn\u00edch (MVN) a\u00a0such\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed (SN) jako opat\u0159en\u00ed sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed dopad\u016f povodn\u00ed a\u00a0nedostatku vody v\u00a0obdob\u00edch sucha. V\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0ochrannou funkc\u00ed bylo konstatov\u00e1no, \u017ee such\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e je toti\u017e jedn\u00edm z\u00a0m\u00e1la typ\u016f vodn\u00edch d\u011bl tolerovan\u00fdch org\u00e1ny ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody a\u00a0ekologick\u00fdmi sdru\u017een\u00edmi. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0jednoduch\u00fd typ klasick\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9, resp. reten\u010dn\u00ed, n\u00e1dr\u017ee, je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed nev\u00fdhodou t\u011bchto opat\u0159en\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b jejich jedno\u00fa\u010delovost, a\u00a0t\u00edm m\u00e1lo efektivn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f na jejich v\u00fdstavbu. Jeliko\u017e hydrologick\u00e9 extr\u00e9my nadbytku a\u00a0nedostatku vody se sice nepravideln\u011b, ale p\u0159eci jen st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed, nejev\u00ed se jako efektivn\u00ed (hospod\u00e1rn\u00e9, logick\u00e9) budovat jedno\u00fa\u010delov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. D\u016fvody, pro\u010d tomu tak ve skute\u010dnosti je, jsou spat\u0159ov\u00e1ny: v\u00a0nekoncep\u010dnosti, v\u00a0politick\u00e9m populismu, v\u00a0toleranci org\u00e1n\u016f ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody ke zd\u00e1nliv\u011b \u201ep\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bli\u017e\u0161\u00edm projekt\u016fm\u201c a\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou je tak\u00e9 \u201ekr\u00e1tk\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165\u201c obyvatel, kdy se v\u011bt\u0161inou \u0159e\u0161\u00ed jen aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0akutn\u011b nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, a\u00a0ty i\u00a0ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 se odkl\u00e1daj\u00ed a\u00a0ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edjemnou skute\u010dnost\u00ed je mnohdy problematick\u00e9 zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u016fstatkov\u00fdch pr\u016ftok\u016f (MZP) u\u00a0mal\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, proto\u017ee \u0159ada z\u00a0nich nen\u00ed vybavena vhodn\u00fdm v\u00fdpustn\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm. Ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem je v\u00a0t\u00e9to souvislosti spat\u0159ov\u00e1n pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0pot\u0159eb\u011b v\u00fdstavby nov\u00fdch v\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00fdmi bude mo\u017eno zajistit z\u00e1sobn\u00ed funkci a\u00a0alespo\u0148 MZP pod vodn\u00edm d\u00edlem. Pokud dojde k\u00a0n\u00e1vrhu zm\u011bny st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed such\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee na v\u00edce\u00fa\u010delovou, je nezbytn\u00e9 prov\u011b\u0159it pou\u017eit\u00e9 zeminy v\u00a0t\u011blese hr\u00e1ze a\u00a0do\u0159e\u0161it p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 dot\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed, nejen dostavbu v\u00fdpustn\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u0161echny zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky splnily zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00fd \u00fa\u010del, tedy iniciovat diskuse ke v\u0161em souvisej\u00edc\u00edm ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m. Diskuse mnohdy pokra\u010dovaly i\u00a0mimo programov\u00e9 bloky o\u00a0p\u0159est\u00e1vk\u00e1ch a\u00a0v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu spole\u010densk\u00e9ho ve\u010dera. Byl tak vyu\u017eit charakteristick\u00fd a\u00a0typick\u00fd znak semin\u00e1\u0159e\u00a0\u2013 dialog. I\u00a0kdy\u017e nelze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee ve v\u0161ech problematik\u00e1ch v\u0161ichni \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci dos\u00e1hli n\u00e1zorov\u00e9ho konsenzu, splnil leto\u0161n\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed dialog o\u00a0vod\u011b sv\u016fj c\u00edl. Zah\u00e1jit diskusi na mnohdy velmi abstraktn\u00ed t\u00e9ma, sezn\u00e1mit \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky s\u00a0r\u016fznost\u00ed pohled\u016f a\u00a0vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu pojmu ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem ve vodn\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The traditional meeting of the water management public, representatives of the state administration and self-government, which has already been known as the National Water Dialogue, took place from 18 to 19 May. September 2018. This year’s eighth continuation of the event brought two organizational changes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5581,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[220,1482,481],"coauthors":[486],"class_list":["post-5629","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","tag-environment","tag-national-water-dialogue","tag-water-management"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5629","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5629"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5629\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30480,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5629\/revisions\/30480"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5629"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5629"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5629"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=5629"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}