{"id":5600,"date":"2018-12-12T16:13:43","date_gmt":"2018-12-12T15:13:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=5600"},"modified":"2024-07-16T14:46:12","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T13:46:12","slug":"bathymetric-measurement-for-determination-of-morphology-of-water-reservoir-bottom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2018\/12\/bathymetric-measurement-for-determination-of-morphology-of-water-reservoir-bottom\/","title":{"rendered":"Bathymetric measurement for determination of morphology of water reservoir bottom"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

Souhrn<\/h2>\n

Informa\u010dn\u00ed a\u00a0komunika\u010dn\u00ed technologie jsou v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b jedn\u00edm z\u00a0rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edch faktor\u016f ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch ekonomick\u00fd a\u00a0spole\u010densk\u00fd v\u00fdvoj. Obdobn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj a\u00a0trendy ve vazb\u011b na informa\u010dn\u00ed a\u00a0komunika\u010dn\u00ed technologie lze zaznamenat i\u00a0v\u00a0oboru vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed relevantn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f v\u00a0oblasti \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed hydrauliky, stanoven\u00ed kapacit vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, sledov\u00e1n\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed a\u00a0dynamiky sediment\u016f jsou rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed vstupn\u00ed data. P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek prezentuje souhrn v\u00fdsledk\u016f a\u00a0zku\u0161enost\u00ed z\u00a0prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch batymetrick\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ei (VN) N\u00fdrsko na \u00dahlav\u011b. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci pilotn\u00ed monitorovac\u00ed kampan\u011b byla z\u00edsk\u00e1na data o\u00a0morfologii dna vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee pomoc\u00ed sofistikovan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed na b\u00e1zi echo sounderu RiverSurveyor M9<\/em> a\u00a0EcoMapper<\/em> AUV<\/em> (z\u00a0angl. Autonomous Underwater Vehicle). V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je uvedena p\u0159\u00edprava a\u00a0postup ter\u00e9nn\u00edho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, popis n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho postprocesingu z\u00edskan\u00fdch datov\u00fdch sad, vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed anal\u00fdzy, v\u010detn\u011b porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0datov\u00fdmi sadami po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdmi pomoc\u00ed ultrazvukov\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed aparatury firmy Meridata ty MD500 osazen\u00e9 na m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edm \u010dlunu Joska, kter\u00fd je provozov\u00e1n Povod\u00edm Vltavy,\u00a0s.\u00a0p.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

Procesy eroze na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b a\u00a0s\u00a0t\u00edm spojen\u00e1 sedimentace ve vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch jsou aktu\u00e1ln\u011b jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch glob\u00e1ln\u00edch vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f [1\u20134]. Po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b maj\u00ed procesy eroze, transportu p\u016fdn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stic a\u00a0sedimentace v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na environment\u00e1ln\u00ed, ekonomickou i\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00ed sf\u00e9ru. V\u00edce ne\u017e pades\u00e1t procent p\u016fvodn\u00ed z\u00e1sobn\u00ed kapacity sv\u011btov\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ztraceno v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch t\u0159iceti let kv\u016fli sedimentaci [5].<\/p>\n

Zan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed produkty eroze zp\u016fsobuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zmen\u0161en\u00ed pr\u016fto\u010dnosti koryt vodn\u00edch tok\u016f, akumula\u010dn\u00edch prostor\u016f vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0ovliv\u0148uje jejich hydraulickou funkci, kdy se zkracuje doba zdr\u017een\u00ed, zvy\u0161uje se rychlost pr\u016ftoku n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0sni\u017euje se zabezpe\u010denost odb\u011bru vody. Obecn\u011b t\u00edm doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed objemu zadr\u017een\u00e9 vody v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed, co\u017e p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed dopady i\u00a0na jakostn\u00ed ukazatele vody. P\u0159i ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm objemu vody v\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0rychlej\u0161\u00edmu zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed teploty, co\u017e v\u00a0kombinaci s\u00a0uvol\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edmi se \u017eivinami ze sediment\u016f v\u00fdznamn\u011b podporuje eutrofiza\u010dn\u00ed procesy. Transport sediment\u016f do n\u00e1dr\u017ee a\u00a0rychlost sedimentace z\u00e1vis\u00ed na mnoha faktorech. Jsou jimi mno\u017estv\u00ed a\u00a0distribuce sr\u00e1\u017eek, rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0typ vegeta\u010dn\u00edho pokryvu, velikost povod\u00ed, geologick\u00e9 a\u00a0geomorfologick\u00e9 pom\u011bry ve sb\u011brn\u00e9 oblasti i\u00a0m\u00edra antropogenn\u00edch z\u00e1sah\u016f do krajiny [6, 7].<\/p>\n

Pro detailn\u00ed geomorfologick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy povod\u00ed jsou rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed kvalitn\u00ed vstupn\u00ed data. Metodou leteck\u00e9ho laserov\u00e9ho skenov\u00e1n\u00ed (LLS) je mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1vat velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed bodov\u00fdch dat s\u00a0georeferen\u010dn\u00edmi informacemi (X, Y, H) ve velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m intervalu. Ve spojen\u00ed s\u00a0pom\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00fdm stupn\u011bm automatizace jejich zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edho modelu ter\u00e9nu a\u00a0povrchu p\u0159edstavuje jednu z\u00a0nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch metod pro z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed relevantn\u00edch prostorov\u00fdch dat. V\u00a0roce 2013 bylo dokon\u010deno nov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161kopisn\u00e9 mapov\u00e1n\u00ed metodou leteck\u00e9ho laserov\u00e9ho skenov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky (\u010cR), kter\u00e9 poskytlo nov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161kopisn\u00e9 produkty Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed model reli\u00e9fu 4. generace (DMR 4G), Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed model reli\u00e9fu 5. generace (DMR 5G) a\u00a0Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed model povrchu 1.\u00a0generace (DMP 1G) [8, 9]. Ot\u00e1zkou p\u0159esto z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, co se nach\u00e1z\u00ed pod vodn\u00ed hladinou, jak\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1sobn\u00ed (reten\u010dn\u00ed) kapacity vodn\u00edch tok\u016f, vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. Kolik m\u00e1me sediment\u016f ve vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch \u010di vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch, jak\u00e1 je jejich dynamika. Na tyto ot\u00e1zky hled\u00e1 odpov\u011bdi v\u011bdn\u00ed obor batymetrie.<\/p>\n

Na po\u010d\u00e1tku batymetrick\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hloubek byla pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na olovnice. Dnes je jednou z\u00a0nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a\u00a0nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch metod pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed informace o\u00a0morfologii dna vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed technologie sonaru (SOund Navigation And Ranging) v\u00a0kombinaci s\u00a0metodou ur\u010den\u00ed polohy GNSS-RTK (Global Navigation Satellite System\u00a0\u2013 Real Time Kinematic). Na VN N\u00fdrsko byla touto technologi\u00ed\u00a0v\u00a0roce 2017 provedena testovac\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed kampa\u0148 za \u00fa\u010delem z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed poznatk\u016f o\u00a0morfologii dna. Pro zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee N\u00fdrsko byla mimo jin\u00e9 vyu\u017eita m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed aparatura EcoMapper, kter\u00e1 byla na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR testov\u00e1na poprv\u00e9. Pro dom\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0bl\u00edzkosti b\u0159ehov\u00e9 linie a\u00a0v\u00a0oblasti sedimenta\u010dn\u00edho ku\u017eelu zde byly vyu\u017eity dv\u011b m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed aparatury RiverSurveyor M9, kter\u00e9 byly neseny na m\u00edru sestrojen\u00fdm trimaranem na d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0origin\u00e1ln\u00edm plavidlem Hydroboard\u00a0II.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a01. Pilotn\u00ed lokalita\u00a0\u2013 VN N\u00fdrsko
\nFig. 1. Pilot site N\u00fdrsko water reservoir<\/h6>\n

AUV p\u0159\u00edstroje byly p\u016fvodn\u011b vyv\u00edjeny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro vojensk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u00a0\u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le hydrografick\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu. Prvn\u00ed pokusy o\u00a0sestrojen\u00ed AUV p\u0159\u00edstroje prob\u011bhly v\u00a0roce 1957 na univerzit\u011b ve Washingtonu. Pomoc\u00ed prvn\u00edch sestrojen\u00fdch AUV se zkoumala dif\u00faze, zvukov\u00fd p\u0159enos a\u00a0v\u00fdzkum pohybu ve vod\u011b. V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu 80. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed se pak AUV p\u0159\u00edstroje za\u010daly pou\u017e\u00edvat tak\u00e9 na pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 a\u00a0hydrografick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely\u00a0[10].<\/p>\n

Z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00edm digit\u00e1ln\u00edho modelu reli\u00e9fu (DMR), kter\u00fd bude reflektovat i\u00a0po\u017eadovanou informaci o\u00a0morfologii vodn\u00edho dna, je mo\u017en\u00e9 analyzovat z\u00e1sobn\u00ed kapacity vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. P\u0159i vyu\u017eit\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00edho postupu je mo\u017en\u00e9 kvantifikovat mno\u017estv\u00ed sediment\u016f ve vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch \u010di n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch, sledovat jejich dynamiku, resp. identifikovat kritick\u00e9 body vstupu sediment\u016f do vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed (tvorba sedimenta\u010dn\u00edch ku\u017eel\u016f) a\u00a0v\u00a0d\u016fsledku toho p\u0159ij\u00edmat p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed deponovan\u00fdch sediment\u016f ve vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch a\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch omez\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Metodika sb\u011bru dat, pr\u016fb\u011bhu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat<\/h2>\n

Pilotn\u00ed lokalita<\/h3>\n

Vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e N\u00fdrsko se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na \u00fapat\u00ed \u0160umavy na horn\u00edm toku \u00dahlavy nad obc\u00ed N\u00fdrsko, viz obr.\u00a01<\/em> a\u00a02<\/em>. Stavba p\u0159ehrady prob\u00edhala v\u00a0letech 1965\u20131969. Hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem stavby je akumulace vody pro vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. Vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e N\u00fdrsko poskytuje pitnou vodu v\u00a0oblasti Plze\u0148ska, Klatovska a\u00a0Doma\u017elicka. Vzdu\u0161n\u00ed l\u00edc je os\u00e1zen stabiliza\u010dn\u00edmi d\u0159evinami, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e vodn\u00ed d\u00edlo dob\u0159e zapad\u00e1 do okoln\u00ed krajiny. D\u00e9lka hr\u00e1ze v\u00a0korun\u011b je 320\u2008m a\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161ka nad ter\u00e9nem 36,2\u2008m. P\u0159i lev\u00e9m b\u0159ehu proch\u00e1z\u00ed hr\u00e1z\u00ed odpadn\u00ed a\u00a0komunika\u010dn\u00ed \u0161tola, na jej\u00edm\u017e za\u010d\u00e1tku stoj\u00ed kruhov\u00e1 v\u011b\u017e sdru\u017een\u00e9ho objektu, ve kter\u00e9m je \u0161achtov\u00fd p\u0159eliv, dv\u011b spodn\u00ed v\u00fdpusti a\u00a0vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 odb\u011bry. Plocha povod\u00ed VN N\u00fdrsko se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na 80,9 km2<\/sup>, d\u00e9lka vzdut\u00ed je 2,5\u2008km, zatopen\u00e1 plocha \u010din\u00ed 148 ha a\u00a0objem je stanoven\u00fd na 20,75\u00a0mil.\u00a0m3<\/sup>. N\u00e1dr\u017e se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0III. z\u00f3n\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 krajinn\u00e9 oblasti \u0160umava.<\/p>\n

M\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed aparatura<\/h3>\n

M\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed aparatura EcoMapper byla navr\u017eena tak, aby umo\u017e\u0148ovala rychl\u00fd sb\u011br hloubkov\u00fdch dat, kvalitativn\u00edch parametr\u016f vody a\u00a0detekci objekt\u016f pomoc\u00ed side-scan sonaru (obr.\u00a03<\/em>). EcoMapper p\u0159edstavuje p\u0159\u00edstroj, kter\u00fd je schopn\u00fd samostatn\u011b se pohybovat po voln\u00e9 hladin\u011b nebo pod jej\u00edm povrchem v\u00a0p\u0159edem stanoven\u00e9 hloubce a\u00a0vykon\u00e1vat sofistikovan\u00fd z\u00e1znam definovan\u00fdch dat.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a02. Pilotn\u00ed lokalita\u00a0\u2013 VN N\u00fdrsko, pohled ji\u017en\u011b z\u00a0t\u011blesa hr\u00e1ze
\nFig. 2. Pilot site N\u00fdrsko water reservoir, a\u00a0view south of the dyke body<\/h6>\n

Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EcoMapper je tvo\u0159eno vysokov\u00fdkonn\u00fdm hardwarov\u00fdm vybaven\u00edm v\u00a0kombinaci se sofistikovan\u00fdm softwarem [11].<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0hlediska konstruk\u010dn\u00edho je EcoMapper tvo\u0159en t\u0159emi hlavn\u00edmi \u010d\u00e1stmi. V\u00a0p\u0159edn\u00ed sekci jsou um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 senzory, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed kvalitativn\u00edch parametr\u016f vody (pH, teplota, chlorofyl\u00a0aj.), tlakov\u00fd senzor a\u00a0DVL senzor (Dopler Velocity Log), slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed pro navigaci za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159i mis\u00edch pod vodn\u00ed hladinou. Ve st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou um\u00edst\u011bny elektronick\u00e9 komponenty, baterie a\u00a0integrovan\u00e1 palubn\u00ed jednotka. V\u00a0zadn\u00ed sekci je pak um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd lodn\u00ed \u0161roub zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed pohyb za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0GPS ant\u00e9na, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed pro navigaci v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na hladin\u011b [11].<\/p>\n

EcoMapper po dobu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed shroma\u017e\u010fuje data p\u0159edem stanoven\u00fdch parametr\u016f v\u00a0sekundov\u00fdch intervalech, ke kter\u00fdm automaticky p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 lokaliza\u010dn\u00ed data. Pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed batymetrie je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt tzv.\u00a0bottom tracking (v\u00edce-paprs\u010dit\u00fd sonar) nebo single beam (jedno-paprs\u010dit\u00fd sonar). Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed mo\u017enosti nastaven\u00ed a\u00a0specifikaci hardwarov\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed detailn\u011b popisuje dokument viz\u00a0[12].<\/p>\n

Pro \u00fa\u010dely porovn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esnosti z\u00edskan\u00fdch dat byla \u010d\u00e1st VN N\u00fdrsko v\u00a0bl\u00edzkosti hlavn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edtoku (\u00dahlava) a\u00a0v\u00a0oblasti b\u0159ehov\u00e9 linie zam\u011b\u0159ena p\u0159\u00edstroji na b\u00e1zi sonaru RiverSurveyor M9. Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 prim\u00e1rn\u011b slou\u017e\u00ed pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pr\u016ftoku na z\u00e1klad\u011b Dopplerova jevu\u00a0\u2013 Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). RiverSurveyor M9 v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavuje robustn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt i\u00a0v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed batymetrie v\u00a0rozsahu hloubek 0,2\u201380\u2008m [13], co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 hodnot\u00e1m zaznamenan\u00fdm p\u0159i kampani na VN N\u00fdrsko. P\u0159i instalaci t\u00e9to aparatury na poloautomatick\u00e9m plavidle trimaran zde byla zaznamen\u00e1na batymetrick\u00e1 data od 18\u2008cm. M\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed aparatura je velmi sofistikovan\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm kombinuj\u00edc\u00edm ov\u011b\u0159enou instrumentaci ADCP se softwarem pro osobn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d nebo mobiln\u00ed telefon. P\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed bylo testov\u00e1no s\u00a0velkou m\u00edrou p\u0159esnosti\u00a0[14] a\u00a0jeho kompletn\u00ed specifikaci a\u00a0mo\u017enosti vyu\u017eit\u00ed popisuje dokument viz [13].<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a03. Konstruk\u010dn\u00ed proveden\u00ed EcoMapper
\nFig. 3. EcoMapper design<\/h6>\n

Pro pot\u0159eby m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na VN N\u00fdrsko bylo prvn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed RiverSurveyor M9 p\u0159ipevn\u011bno na nosn\u00e9m plavidle, konstruovan\u00e9m do podoby trimaranu, tj.\u00a0nosn\u00e9 lod\u011b disponuj\u00edc\u00ed trupem lodi a\u00a0dv\u011bma stabiliza\u010dn\u00edmi plov\u00e1ky. Konstrukce trimaranu pro batymetrick\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0po\u017eadavku na rychlost po\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed dat a\u00a0stabilitu nosn\u00e9ho plavidla, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e spl\u0148uje po\u017eadavek na poloautomatick\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, viz obr.\u00a04<\/em> [15]. Druh\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed RiverSurveyor M9 bylo p\u0159i m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed kampani p\u0159ipevn\u011bno na origin\u00e1ln\u00edm nosn\u00e9m plavidle Hydroboard II (obr.<\/em>\u00a05<\/em>) dod\u00e1van\u00e9m firmou SonTek. Toto plavidlo nedisponuje vlastn\u00edm pohonem, proto je nutn\u00e9 jej p\u0159i batymetrick\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed um\u00edstit za ta\u017en\u00e9 plavidlo, v\u00a0na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nafukovac\u00ed \u010dlun s\u00a0elektromotorem. Kompletn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed vybaven\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00e9 na lokalit\u011b VN N\u00fdrsko je prezentov\u00e1no na obr.\u00a06<\/em>.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edprava a\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bh m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/h3>\n

M\u011b\u0159ick\u00e1 kampa\u0148 byla provedena 2.\u20133. srpna v\u00a0roce 2017 v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch meteorologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, kdy nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teploty dosahovaly 26\u201330\u2008\u00b0C a\u00a0vanul m\u00edrn\u00fd z\u00e1padn\u00ed v\u00edtr o\u00a0s\u00edle 3\u20137\u2008m.s-1<\/sup>, kter\u00fd k\u00a0ve\u010deru ust\u00e1val. Vzhledem k\u00a0vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm n\u00e1dr\u017ee bylo nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ed samotnou m\u011b\u0159ickou kampan\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dat o\u00a0povolen\u00ed vstupu na \u00fazem\u00ed VN N\u00fdrsko na vodopr\u00e1vn\u00edm \u00fa\u0159adu Klatovy. Po specifikaci \u00fa\u010delu, d\u00e9lky pobytu a\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00fdch poznatk\u016f bylo \u017e\u00e1dosti bez v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed vyhov\u011bno a\u00a0vlastn\u00ed hydrografick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum mohl prob\u011bhnout.<\/p>\n

Sb\u011br dat pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed EcoMapper funguje na principu sledov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edem p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 trasy tzv.\u00a0mise, kter\u00e1 je vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00e1 v\u00a0softwarov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed VectorMap. Pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed mise zahrnuje nastaven\u00ed naviga\u010dn\u00edch bod\u016f, jejich vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, hloubku ponoru, rychlost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, nastaven\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch kvalitativn\u00edch parametr\u016f a\u00a0bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Po spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mise EcoMapper pracuje nez\u00e1visle na u\u017eivateli a\u00a0pro navigaci vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 integrovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m GPS s\u00a0korekcemi EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service). V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu jednotliv\u00fdch mis\u00ed EcoMapper sleduje trasu podle p\u0159edem naprogramovan\u00fdch bod\u016f (waypoint\u016f). Po dokon\u010den\u00ed sv\u00e9 mise EcoMapper vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro komunikaci vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed plochy, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed na odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed zaznamenan\u00fdch dat p\u0159es bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 Wi-Fi p\u0159ipojen\u00ed a\u00a0bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 ukon\u010den\u00ed mise [17].<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a04. Konstruk\u010dn\u00ed proveden\u00ed plavidla trimaran
\nFig. 4. Trimaran design<\/h6>\n

Sb\u011br dat na VN N\u00fdrsko s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm EcoMapper byl proveden celkem ve t\u0159ech mis\u00edch. Vzhledem k\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ei, kde by se osoby bez povolen\u00ed nem\u011bly pohybovat, a\u00a0ke klidn\u00fdm pov\u011btrnostn\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m byla zvolena varianta trasov\u00e1n\u00ed na hladin\u011b. Data byla z\u00edsk\u00e1na k\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00e1dr\u017ee, jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr.\u00a07<\/em>. Celkem bylo zam\u011b\u0159eno 37\u00a0677 bod\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e minim\u00e1ln\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 hloubka byla 0,43\u2008m a\u00a0naopak maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed 28,83\u2008m. P\u0159edem pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 trasa a\u00a0rychlost plavidla byla volena s\u00a0ohledem na celkovou kapacitu akumul\u00e1toru tak, aby EcoMapper v\u017edy bezpe\u010dn\u011b dorazil na p\u0159edem ur\u010den\u00fd c\u00edlov\u00fd bod. Sb\u011br dat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm EcoMapper je prezentov\u00e1n na obr.\u00a08<\/em>.<\/p>\n

M\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed kampa\u0148 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi RiverSurveyor M9, kter\u00e1 byla p\u0159ipevn\u011bna na trimaranu a\u00a0Hydroboardu II, byla pou\u017eita pro mapov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edb\u0159e\u017en\u00edch z\u00f3n u\u00a0p\u0159\u00edtoku do n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Pro dan\u00fd \u00fa\u010del (m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed batymetrie v\u00a0m\u011blk\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch) disponuje vhodn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm trimaran, kdy je mo\u017en\u00e9 po\u0159izovat batymetrick\u00e1 data ji\u017e od hloubek cca 20\u2008cm. Plavidlo disponuje vhodnou konstrukc\u00ed a\u00a0spl\u0148uje vysok\u00e9 man\u00e9vrovac\u00ed po\u017eadavky p\u0159i mapov\u00e1n\u00ed ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u0159e\u017en\u00edch z\u00f3n. K\u00a0veden\u00ed trimaranu slou\u017e\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, jeho\u017e hlavn\u00ed p\u0159ednost\u00ed je proporcion\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159id\u00e1vat rychlost plynule nebo zvolit konstantn\u00ed rychlost. Zp\u016fsob ukotven\u00ed a\u00a0veden\u00ed RiverSurveyoru M9 je vhodn\u00fd na men\u0161\u00ed vodn\u00ed plochy. V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed kampan\u011b bylo po\u0159\u00edzeno celkem 19\u00a0602 bod\u016f. Data byla z\u00edsk\u00e1na k\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm oblasti hlavn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edtoku, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e vybran\u00e1 uk\u00e1zka po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch dat je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bna na obr.\u00a09<\/em>.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a05. Konstruk\u010dn\u00ed proveden\u00ed plavidla Hydroboard II [16]
\nFig. 5. Hydroboard II design [16]<\/h6>\n

Pro srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed anal\u00fdzu bylo vyu\u017eito rovn\u011b\u017e batymetrick\u00fdch dat Povod\u00ed Vltavy,\u00a0s.\u00a0p., kter\u00e1 byla v\u00a0roce 2010 po\u0159\u00edzena m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edm \u010dlunem Joska\u00a0\u2013 po\u0159\u00edzeno bylo 516\u00a0811 bod\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e trajektorie po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch transekt\u016f je prezentov\u00e1na na obr.\u00a010<\/em>. \u010clun Joska je lamin\u00e1tov\u00fd kajutov\u00fd \u010dlun Quicksilver typ 650 obr.\u00a011<\/em>. Na m\u011b\u0159enou lokalitu je dopravov\u00e1n na podvozku za ter\u00e9nn\u00edm autem. Ultrazvukov\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed aparatura firmy Meridata ty MD500 po\u0159izuje data v\u00a0sou\u0159adnic\u00edch X,\u00a0Y,\u00a0H, kter\u00e1 jsou transformov\u00e1na do syst\u00e9mu S-JTSK. Mo\u017enosti nasazen\u00ed jsou na p\u0159ehradn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch, rybn\u00edc\u00edch a\u00a0vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch, kde jsou spln\u011bny podm\u00ednky pro um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed na vodn\u00ed plochu, podm\u00ednky dostate\u010dn\u00e9ho manipula\u010dn\u00edho prostoru \u010di nutn\u00e9ho ponoru. Technologie umo\u017e\u0148uje m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hloubky sediment\u016f, klasick\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hloubek i\u00a0vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek. Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hloubka m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed je vzhledem k\u00a0ponoru \u010dlunu stanovena na 1\u2008m, ta maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed je uv\u00e1d\u011bna a\u017e do 200\u2008m pod hladinou [18].<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a06. Pou\u017eit\u00e9 batymetrick\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed p\u0159i zam\u011b\u0159ovac\u00ed kampani na VN N\u00fdrsko
\nFig. 6. Used equipment for bathymetric surveying campaign on N\u00fdrsko water reservoir<\/h6>\n

V\u00fdsledky<\/h2>\n

Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0vyhodnocen\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00fdch dat prob\u011bhlo pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f geoinforma\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu ArcGIS od firmy ESRI. Prvn\u00edm krokem bylo sta\u017een\u00ed dat z\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch datov\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f pomoc\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00ed vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 plochy (Windows\u00ae<\/sup>) ve form\u00e1tu ASCII, v\u00a0sou\u0159adnicov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu WGS 84 (World Geodetic System 1984). D\u00e1le byla data transformov\u00e1na do sou\u0159adnicov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu S-JTSK. Pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed DMR dna n\u00e1dr\u017ee a\u00a0bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho okol\u00ed se nab\u00edz\u00ed cel\u00e1 \u0159ada interpola\u010dn\u00edch metod (IDW, TIN, Topoto Raster\u00a0aj.). Na z\u00e1klad\u011b poznatk\u016f z\u00a0p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e9 studie zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na batymetrick\u00e9 mapov\u00e1n\u00ed [19] pak byla vybr\u00e1na geostatistick\u00e1 metoda kriging, kter\u00e1 p\u0159i porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdmi metodami dosahovala nejlep\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Jako prvn\u00ed byla provedena zm\u011bna velikosti gridu z\u00edskan\u00fdch dat do bun\u011bk o\u00a0velikosti hrany 5\u2008m. Z\u00a0nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch hodnot, kter\u00e9 se prot\u00ednaly s\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdmi bu\u0148kami rastru,\u00a0byla vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 hodnota bu\u0148ky vstupuj\u00edc\u00ed do interpolace. Takto p\u0159ipraven\u00e1 batymetrick\u00e1 data byla p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na na nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky ode\u010dten\u00edm od aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed k\u00f3ty hladiny (519,5\u2008m n.\u2008m.). P\u0159ipraven\u00e1 batymetrick\u00e1 data byla spojena s\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fdmi \u00fadaji DMR 4G okoln\u00edho ter\u00e9nu (buffer 500\u2008m), pro \u00fa\u010dely lep\u0161\u00edho zasazen\u00ed do ter\u00e9nu a\u00a0zp\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bhu interpolace. Data DMR 4G byla vyu\u017eita na \u00fakor p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dat DMR 5G z\u00a0d\u016fvodu ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f na po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed role t\u011bchto dat pro p\u0159edkl\u00e1danou p\u0159\u00edpadovou studii. Posledn\u00edm krokem p\u0159\u00edpravy dat bylo odstran\u011bn\u00ed batymetrick\u00fdch dat, kter\u00e1 se vlivem zm\u011bny velikosti gridu vyskytovala mimo z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed. Stejn\u011b tak byly odstran\u011bny body z\u00a0DMR 4G, kter\u00e9 naopak do z\u00e1jmov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed zasahovaly.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a07. Trasov\u00e1n\u00ed na VN N\u00fdrsko\u00a0\u2013 EcoMapper
\nFig. 7. Tracking on N\u00fdrsko water reservoir\u00a0\u2013 EcoMapper<\/h6>\n

Analogicky jako pro data po\u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed aparaturou EcoMapper, resp. RiverSurveyor M9, bylo postupov\u00e1no i\u00a0pro data poskytnut\u00e1 od Povod\u00ed Vltavy,\u00a0s.\u00a0p.\u00a0Takto z\u00edskan\u00e9 DMR byly porovn\u00e1v\u00e1ny mezi sebou, viz obr.\u00a012 <\/em>a\u00a0<\/strong>13<\/em>, kde je prezentov\u00e1no porovn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 morfologie dna Joska vs. EcoMapper.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a08. EcoMapper p\u0159i batymetrick\u00e9 misi v\u00a0bl\u00edzkosti sdru\u017een\u00e9ho objektu
\nFig. 8. EcoMapper on a\u00a0bathymetric mission near a\u00a0clustered object<\/h6>\n

Z\u00edskan\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed shodu jednotliv\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159ick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f (A) v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pravideln\u00e9 morfologie dna (pravideln\u00e9 \u010dlenitosti) vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b prom\u011bnlivosti morfologie dna (B) je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b EcoMapperu nejsou podchycena tato specifika, co\u017e vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0hustoty po\u0159izovan\u00fdch dat v\u00a0r\u00e1mci m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed kampan\u011b\u00a0\u2013 viz srovn\u00e1n\u00ed obr.\u00a07<\/em> a\u00a09<\/em>, resp. po\u010dtu po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch bod\u016f vstupuj\u00edc\u00edch do p\u0159\u00edpravy fin\u00e1ln\u00edch DMR (EcoMapper 37\u00a0677, Joska 516\u00a0811). Obdobn\u00e9 poznatky byly z\u00edsk\u00e1ny i\u00a0v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b porovn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f z\u00a0EcoMapperu, RiverSurveyoru a\u00a0Josky, kter\u00e9 jsou dokumentov\u00e1ny na obr.\u00a013<\/em>. D\u00edl\u010d\u00ed anal\u00fdza byla provedena na vybran\u00e9m p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9m profilu u\u00a0\u00fast\u00ed vodn\u00edho toku \u00dahlavy do VN\u00a0N\u00fdrsko. V\u00a0dan\u00e9 lokalit\u011b byla provedena detailn\u00ed kampa\u0148 RiverSurveyorem M9, co\u017e dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 i\u00a0identifikace p\u016fvodn\u00edho koryta vodn\u00edho toku \u00dahlavy. P\u016fvodn\u00ed koryto \u0159eky \u00dahlavy bylo tak\u00e9 velmi dob\u0159e zachyceno p\u0159i m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed kampani, kterou provedlo Povod\u00ed Vltavy,\u00a0s.\u00a0p.\u00a0Samotn\u00fd \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1b\u011br v\u0161ak op\u011bt dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 vysokou shodu po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch dat v\u00a0r\u00e1mci jednotliv\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159ick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a09. Trasov\u00e1n\u00ed na VN N\u00fdrsko\u00a0\u2013 RiverSurveyor M9
\nFig. 9. Tracking on N\u00fdrsko water reservoir\u00a0\u2013 RiverSurveyor M9<\/h6>\n

Diskuse<\/h2>\n

Bodov\u00e1 data zpravidla obsahuj\u00ed chyby, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdsledn\u00fd model reli\u00e9fu dna vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee a\u00a0navazuj\u00edc\u00ed anal\u00fdzy. Chyby mohou vznikat v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch sb\u011bru i\u00a0zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat [20]. Jedna z\u00a0nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch chyb vyhodnocen\u00ed batymetrick\u00fdch dat v\u00a0morfologicky \u010dlenit\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch vznik\u00e1 nedostate\u010dnou hustotou m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch vzork\u016f. V\u00fdsledn\u00fd model reli\u00e9fu tak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00a0t\u011bchto m\u00edstech v\u00edce ovlivn\u011bn interpolac\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00a0m\u00edstech, kde jsou data v\u00a0hust\u00e9 s\u00edti. Naopak v\u00a0mal\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch s\u00a0miskovit\u00fdm profilem nen\u00ed prioritou vysok\u00e1 hustota odebran\u00fdch vzork\u016f, ale podrobn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 zlomov\u00e9 linie mezi b\u0159ehy a\u00a0dnem n\u00e1dr\u017ee.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a010. Trasov\u00e1n\u00ed na VN N\u00fdrsko\u00a0\u2013 Joska
\nFig. 10. Tracking on N\u00fdrsko water reservoir\u00a0\u2013 Joska<\/h6>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee velkou roli v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b DMR hraje zvolen\u00fd postup zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat a\u00a0vybran\u00e1 interpola\u010dn\u00ed metoda, nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 u\u00a0morfologicky \u010dlenit\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed jakoukoliv metodou nahradit nedostate\u010dn\u011b \u201ehustou\u201c datovou sadu. Z\u00a0toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby detailn\u00edho modelov\u00e1n\u00ed morfologie, nap\u0159.\u00a0v\u00a0zatopen\u00fdch lomech nebo p\u0159i odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed podvodn\u00edho bohatstv\u00ed, je pot\u0159eba p\u0159i vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00fdch, finan\u010dn\u011b dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch technologi\u00ed (single beam) zv\u00fd\u0161it rozli\u0161en\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch dat na maximum v\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti na velikosti po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho detailu. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b studi\u00ed dynamiky sedimentu ve vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ei, kter\u00e9 budou reprezentativn\u00ed v\u00a0\u0159\u00e1dech\u2008cm, je nutn\u00e9 identick\u00e9 trasov\u00e1n\u00ed podle p\u0159edem zvolen\u00e9 trajektorie pro v\u0161echna obdob\u00ed [21]. Proto pro takovouto studii se jev\u00ed jako ide\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup technologie EcoMapperu, kdy m\u016f\u017eeme n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t vyu\u017e\u00edt p\u0159edem zvolenou trajektorii, a\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u011b tak podchytit zm\u011bny v\u00a0mocnosti a\u00a0dynamiku sedimentu v\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ei.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a011. Lamin\u00e1tov\u00fd kajutov\u00fd \u010dlun Joska\u00a0\u2013 Quicksilver typ 650 [17]
\nFig. 11. Laminated cabin boat Joska\u00a0\u2013 Quicksilver typ 650 [17]<\/h6>\n

Alternativou pro \u010dasov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dat jedn\u00edm sonarov\u00fdm paprskem jsou technologie mnoho-paprs\u010dit\u00e9ho sonaru, jeho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 verze v\u00a0podob\u011b interferometrick\u00e9ho sonarov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, bo\u010dn\u00ed sonar, v\u00fdlo\u017en\u00edkov\u00fd syst\u00e9m,\u00a0parasound sub-bottom profiling nebo du\u00e1ln\u00ed LiDAR.\u00a0Tyto technologie se velmi rychle rozv\u00edjej\u00ed a\u00a0jejich detailn\u00ed popis lze nal\u00e9zt v\u00a0certifikovan\u00e9 metodice viz [22], kde se d\u00e1le tak\u00e9 auto\u0159i zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00a0podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch \u010cR, cenovou dostupnost\u00ed testovan\u00fdch technologi\u00ed a\u00a0mo\u017en\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstupy pro batymetrick\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a012. Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 morfologie dna (Joska vs. EcoMapper)
\n<\/em>Fig. 12. Comparison of final bottom morphology (Joska vs EcoMapper)<\/h6>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem testovac\u00edho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na VN N\u00fdrsko m\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed aparaturou EcoMapper bylo vytvo\u0159en\u00ed, resp. aktualizov\u00e1n\u00ed 3D topografie vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Dal\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem bylo ov\u011b\u0159it deklarovanou vyu\u017eitelnost aparatury a\u00a0jej\u00ed p\u0159esnost v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0daty z\u00edskan\u00fdmi aparaturou RiverSurveyor M9 a\u00a0daty poskytnut\u00fdmi od Povod\u00ed Vltavy,\u00a0s.\u00a0p.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 13. Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 morfologie dna (EcoMapper vs. RiverSurveyor M9 vs. Joska)
\nFig. 13. Comparison of final bottom morphology (EcoMapper vs RiverSurveyor M9 vs Joska)<\/h6>\n

Z\u00edskan\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky vykazuj\u00ed vysokou shodu z\u00a0pohledu po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch dat jednotliv\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstupy (RiverSurveyor M9, EcoMapper, Joska). Sb\u011br dat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed poskytuje \u0159adu v\u00fdhod, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edur\u010duj\u00ed jejich \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b je nutn\u00e9 rovn\u011b\u017e reflektovat omezen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je nutn\u00e9 zohlednit p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00edch jednotliv\u00fdmi aparaturami. V\u00fdhody trimaranu lze spat\u0159ovat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve vysok\u00e9 operabilit\u011b a\u00a0schopnosti m\u011b\u0159it i\u00a0v\u00a0m\u011blk\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch, rychl\u00e9m sestaven\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed aparatury a\u00a0mobilit\u011b m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Nev\u00fdhody spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0\u010dasov\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti p\u0159i po\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed datov\u00fdch sad\u00a0\u2013 omezen\u00ed na mal\u00e9 vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EcoMapper naopak poskytuje zcela autonomn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd je vhodn\u00fd nejen pro batymetrii sledov\u00e1n\u00ed dynamiky sediment\u016f, ale i\u00a0pro monitoring kvality vody, rozlo\u017een\u00ed rychlost\u00ed\u00a0aj. Poskytuje rovn\u011b\u017e m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na m\u00edstech, kde nen\u00ed dovoleno motorov\u00e9 plavidlo (vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 zdroje). D\u00e1le nab\u00edz\u00ed vysokou variabilitu z\u00a0pohledu volby hustoty po\u0159izovan\u00fdch dat za p\u0159edem jasn\u011b specifikovan\u00fdch podm\u00ednek a\u00a0zaru\u010duje m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159edem ur\u010den\u00e9 trase.<\/p>\n

Nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 datov\u00e9 zdroje poskytuj\u00ed vysoce kvalitn\u00ed podklad pro n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 pokro\u010dil\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy v\u00a0geografick\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech. V\u00fdsledn\u00e9 datov\u00e9 zdroje jsou n\u00e1sledn\u011b vyu\u017eiteln\u00e9 p\u0159i kvantifikaci mno\u017estv\u00ed sediment\u016f, projektov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, matematick\u00e9m modelov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b pro zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0prezentaci dat o\u00a0jakosti vody v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed aparatury EcoMapper.<\/p>\n

Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vznikl za podpory Technologick\u00e9 agentury \u010cR, projektu \u010d\u00edslo TH02030399 Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed a\u00a0kvality sediment\u016f ve vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch a\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch za \u00fa\u010delem sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z\u00a0nebodov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vznikl rovn\u011b\u017e za podpory \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu VEGA-2-0058-15 Anal\u00fdza miery vplyvu sedimentov na interakciu povrchov\u00fdch tokov s\u00a0podzemn\u00fdmi vodami pri implement\u00e1cii progres\u00edvnych met\u00f3d merania.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Information and communication technologies are currently one of the decisive factors influencing economic and social development. Similar developments and trends in relation to information and communication technologies can be observed in the field of water management.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5473,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[1458,1429,1430],"coauthors":[1409,1410,1411,1412,1413,1414,1415,1416,1417,1418],"class_list":["post-5600","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-informatics-cartography-in-water-management","tag-bathymetric-measurement","tag-ecomapper","tag-riversurveyor-m9"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5600","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5600"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5600\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30488,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5600\/revisions\/30488"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5473"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5600"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5600"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5600"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=5600"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}