{"id":5265,"date":"2018-10-09T08:31:30","date_gmt":"2018-10-09T07:31:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=5265"},"modified":"2024-07-16T14:34:49","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T13:34:49","slug":"what-is-the-current-state-of-drought-in-the-czech-republic-and-is-a-reason-to-worry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2018\/10\/what-is-the-current-state-of-drought-in-the-czech-republic-and-is-a-reason-to-worry\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the current state of drought in the Czech Republic and is a reason to worry?"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

Je sou\u010dasn\u00fd spole\u010densko-politick\u00fd z\u00e1jem \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed problematiky sucha a\u00a0nedostatku vody opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd?<\/h4>\n

Da\u0148helka<\/strong>: Ur\u010dit\u011b ano. \u017dijeme sice zat\u00edm ve vodn\u00edm blahobytu, ale v\u00a0okam\u017eiku v\u00fdskytu ud\u00e1losti, kter\u00e1 by p\u0159ekro\u010dila mez na\u0161\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 odolnosti v\u016f\u010di suchu (je\u017e je d\u00e1na p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dimenzemi na\u0161ich vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch a\u00a0vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch soustav), by byly d\u016fsledky katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed. Proto je nutn\u00e9 sna\u017eit se odolnost v\u016f\u010di suchu d\u00e1le zlep\u0161ovat.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Hub\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1<\/strong>: Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ano.<\/p>\n

Pun\u010doch\u00e1\u0159<\/strong>: Z\u00e1jem o\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd a\u00a0nutn\u00fd. Po n\u011bkolika letech opakovan\u00fdch vysok\u00fdch letn\u00edch teplot a\u00a0sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fdch deficit\u016f se ukazuje, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj tzv. zm\u011bny klimatu je t\u0159eba br\u00e1t v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. Jen d\u00edky existuj\u00edc\u00edm 49 vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdm n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edm nedo\u0161lo k\u00a0podstatn\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm se z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00edm pitnou vodou. Probl\u00e9my maj\u00ed jen aglomerace s\u00a0lok\u00e1ln\u00edm vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdm zdrojem. Podpora na prohlouben\u00ed a\u00a0z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch studn\u00ed, kterou zav\u00e1d\u00ed St\u00e1tn\u00ed fond \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, nen\u00ed vhodn\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm do budoucna. Pro na\u0161e \u00fazem\u00ed, z\u00a0n\u011bho\u017e ve\u0161ker\u00e1 voda odt\u00e9k\u00e1, plat\u00ed, \u017ee co nezadr\u017e\u00edme v\u00a0p\u0159ehradn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch, to nem\u00e1me. Uplatn\u011bn\u00ed tohoto principu br\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00e9 komunity a\u00a0obrac\u00ed m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed obyvatel proti p\u0159ehrad\u00e1m, nebo\u0165 (nepochopiteln\u011b) nerozli\u0161uj\u00ed ochranu p\u0159ed suchem (zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdm, v\u00a0krajin\u011b) a\u00a0p\u0159ed nedostatkem vody (hydrologick\u00fdm suchem). Doufejme, \u017ee se d\u00edky v\u00fdskytu sucha situace zm\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

T\u016fma<\/strong>: Jsem velmi pot\u011b\u0161en, \u017ee si spole\u010dnost za\u010dala uv\u011bdomovat v\u00fdznam vody, a\u00a0tak\u00e9 to, \u017ee vodn\u00ed zdroje jsou omezen\u00e9. Situace je velmi v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 d\u00edky absenci sr\u00e1\u017eek a\u00a0vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m. V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch oblastech pokles \u010din\u00ed a\u017e 50\u00a0% dlouhodob\u00e9ho pr\u016fm\u011bru. Sucho doprov\u00e1z\u00ed velk\u00fd v\u00fdpar a\u00a0vysok\u00e1 evapotranspirace. Ztr\u00e1ta vody z\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed je proto vysok\u00e1, a\u00a0tak se vedle sucha zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho prohlubuje i\u00a0sucho hydrologick\u00e9\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0s\u00edti vodn\u00edch tok\u016f. To v\u0161e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek nemo\u017enost dopln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1sob podzemn\u00edch vod. Pokles hladin podzemn\u00edch vod bude tedy trval\u00fd, n\u00e1pravu nelze o\u010dek\u00e1vat v\u00a0horizontu n\u011bkolika, mo\u017en\u00e1 des\u00edtek let.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1ruba<\/strong>: O\u00a0tom nen\u00ed pochyb. Od roku 2014 su\u017euje na\u0161i zemi velik\u00e9 sucho. V\u00a0roce 2015 byl ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fd deficit nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed od zah\u00e1jen\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0i\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed rok byl sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u011b podpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd. V\u00a0minul\u00e9m roce jsme si mysleli a\u00a0doufali, \u017ee u\u017e je tato such\u00e1 epizoda za n\u00e1mi. Ale to, co pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me nyn\u00ed, sucho doprov\u00e1zen\u00e9 extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00fdmi teplotami, je opravdu zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed a\u00a0bohu\u017eel, zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee se napl\u0148uje \u010dern\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed roku 2015. Klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna byla po dlouhou dobu pro \u0161irokou ve\u0159ejnost t\u011b\u017eko uchopiteln\u00fdm, virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm pojmem\u00a0\u2013 nyn\u00ed v\u0161ak lid\u00e9 za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed pozn\u00e1vat n\u011bkter\u00e9 jej\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 dopady, aktu\u00e1ln\u011b sucho a\u00a0n\u011bkde i\u00a0nedostatek vody, na vlastn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei.<\/p>\n

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Setkal\/la jste se osobn\u011b \u010di v\u00a0bl\u00edzk\u00e9m okol\u00ed, \u017ee by pro V\u00e1s situace se sn\u00ed\u017eenou dostupnost\u00ed vody byla limituj\u00edc\u00ed (od roku 2014)?<\/h4>\n

Da\u0148helka<\/strong>: Ne v\u00a0tom smyslu, \u017ee by voda \u201enetekla\u201c z\u00a0kohoutku. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee na chalup\u011b do\u0161la voda \u201ev\u00a0sudu\u201c na zal\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed, a\u00a0pitnou vodu z\u00a0vodovodu \u010dlov\u011bk nepou\u017eil. Na sj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed vody na Jize\u0159e jsme se sp\u00ed\u0161e odstrkovali. Ale se skute\u010dn\u00fdm dopadem, kdy prost\u011b voda nebyla, jsem se p\u0159\u00edmo nesetkal\u00a0\u2013 zat\u00edm jsme se pohybovali v\u00a0rozsahu na\u0161\u00ed odolnosti zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9 v\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00ed odpov\u011bdi.<\/p>\n

Hub\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1<\/strong>: Ano, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b jsme dlouhodob\u011b \u0159e\u0161ili nedostatek ve zdroj\u00edch vody na Hor\u0148\u00e1cku, kter\u00fd postupn\u011b nar\u016fstal, proto\u017ee nov\u00e9 zdroje v\u00a0dan\u00e9 oblasti prost\u011b nejsou. U\u00a0st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch zdroj\u016f klesala vydatnost a\u00a0i\u00a0kvalita pak nebyla \u00fapln\u011b vyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed. Ovliv\u0148ovalo to rozvoj obc\u00ed. V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je ji\u017e vybudov\u00e1n nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edvodn\u00ed \u0159ad pitn\u00e9 vody.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Pun\u010doch\u00e1\u0159<\/strong>: Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, jde o\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blce vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1vlahov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, pro kter\u00e9 se odb\u011bry nejd\u0159\u00edve omezuj\u00ed. D\u00e1le jde o\u00a0rybnik\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00fdm voda v\u00a0rybn\u00edc\u00edch odparem ub\u00fdv\u00e1, a\u00a0ryb\u00ed obs\u00e1dky jsou ohro\u017eeny. Rovn\u011b\u017e jsou to sportovn\u00ed ryb\u00e1\u0159i, kter\u00fdm pokles pr\u016ftok\u016f ni\u010d\u00ed v\u00fdskyt druh\u016f ryb citliv\u00fdch na obsah kysl\u00edku. Proto roste tlak na \u201enadlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c pr\u016ftok\u016f vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm z\u00a0p\u0159ehradn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, aby dobr\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky byly zachov\u00e1ny, co\u017e paradoxn\u011b prosazuj\u00ed ochr\u00e1nci \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, b\u011b\u017en\u011b broj\u00edc\u00ed proti existenci i\u00a0v\u00fdstavb\u011b p\u0159ehrad. Opakovan\u00e1 sucha ov\u0161em za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed ohro\u017eovat i\u00a0dostate\u010dnost zdroj\u016f pitn\u00e9 vody, a\u00a0proto provozovatel\u00e9 vod\u00e1ren by m\u011bli v\u010das zajistit \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro krizov\u00e9 situace.<\/p>\n

T\u016fma<\/strong>: V\u00a0r\u00e1mci m\u00e9ho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, l\u00e9pe \u0159e\u010deno posl\u00e1n\u00ed, se s\u00a0projevy nedostupnosti vody setk\u00e1v\u00e1m t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 denn\u011b. Mno\u017estv\u00ed vody a\u00a0jej\u00ed kvalita jsou limituj\u00edc\u00ed pro \u0159ady oblast\u00ed. Dostupnost vody je hybnou silou cel\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. M\u00e1lokdo si uv\u011bdomuje, jak vysok\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vody je pot\u0159eba na produkci nap\u0159. jednoho kilogramu masa, na v\u00fdrobu jednoho bavln\u011bn\u00e9ho tri\u010dka nebo na v\u00fdrobu automobilu. Nen\u00ed tedy jenom zdrojem, z\u00e1kladem \u017eivota. Jej\u00ed spot\u0159ebu\/pot\u0159ebu je mo\u017eno tedy vy\u010d\u00edslit i\u00a0virtu\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00a0tzv. vodn\u00ed stop\u011b. Ta jde shrnout ve v\u0161ech v\u00fdrobc\u00edch na \u010dlov\u011bka a\u00a0pro \u010cR je vy\u010d\u00edslena na 4\u00a0500\u2008l\/osobu\/den. Nejv\u00edce m\u011b zasahuje, kdy\u017e obyvatelstvo ztr\u00e1c\u00ed vodu ve studn\u00edch, napojen\u00ed na ve\u0159ejn\u00fd vodovod je neekonomick\u00e9 \u010di nedohledn\u00e9, m\u00edstn\u00ed toky a\u00a0rybn\u00edky jsou vyschl\u00e9 a\u00a0lid\u00e9 \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed nemaj\u00ed dostupnost k\u00a0pot\u0159ebn\u00e9mu mno\u017estv\u00ed vody v\u00a0pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 kvalit\u011b.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1ruba<\/strong>: Mus\u00edm se p\u0159iznat, \u017ee ne. \u017diju ve velk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b napojen\u00e9m na kapacitn\u00ed vod\u00e1renskou s\u00ed\u0165, tato m\u011bsta maj\u00ed zat\u00edm vody dostatek. Sta\u010d\u00ed ale sednout do auta, a\u00a0a\u0165 se vyd\u00e1te prakticky jak\u00fdmkoli sm\u011brem, v\u0161ude vid\u00edte such\u00e1 pole, lesy zni\u010den\u00e9 k\u016frovcem, vyprahlou krajinu. Nejsem si ale jist\u00fd, zda bych situaci tak vn\u00edmal, kdyby sucho nebylo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed m\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce. V\u00fdznamnou roli nyn\u00ed sehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed m\u00e9dia, kter\u00e1 se t\u00e9to problematice intenzivn\u011b v\u011bnuj\u00ed. Je ob\u010das zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 vid\u011bt, kolika r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby se d\u00e1 jedna v\u011bta vylo\u017eit a\u00a0dobr\u00e9 my\u0161lenky jsou n\u011bkdy p\u0159ekrouceny a\u00a0ztraceny. Od opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho spole\u010densk\u00e9ho a\u00a0odborn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu o\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed problematiky sucha je tak po m\u00e9m soudu nutn\u00e9 odd\u011blit obraz medi\u00e1ln\u00ed, kter\u00fd je mnohdy bohu\u017eel zna\u010dn\u011b zkreslen\u00fd a\u017e hysterick\u00fd a\u00a0neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 realit\u011b.<\/p>\n

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Je podle V\u00e1s dostate\u010dn\u00e1 informovanost odborn\u00e9 i\u00a0laick\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti o\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm stavu sucha (meteorologick\u00e9ho, zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho \u010di hydrologick\u00e9ho)?<\/h4>\n

Da\u0148helka<\/strong>: Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee odborn\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost m\u00e1 informac\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b dost. Probl\u00e9m je jejich p\u0159etvo\u0159en\u00ed do formy p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti. Tady se zat\u00edm nepoda\u0159ilo dostat na takovou \u00farove\u0148, aby lid\u00e9 opravdu vodu vn\u00edmali jako z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zku \u017eivota spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

Hub\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1<\/strong>: St\u00e1le si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee nen\u00ed ve\u0159ejnost dostate\u010dn\u011b informovan\u00e1 a\u00a0\u017ee dlu\u017e\u00edme ob\u010dan\u016fm a\u00a0\u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti v\u00edce informac\u00ed o\u00a0tom, jak jsme na sucho p\u0159ipraveni, co m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u00e1ch podm\u00ednek p\u011bstovat, jak zajist\u00edme dostatek pitn\u00e9 vody, jak \u0161et\u0159it pitnou vodou\u2026 a\u00a0v\u016fbec, co nedostatek vody znamen\u00e1. St\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00edme \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e9 zdroje vod p\u0159\u00edmo ohro\u017euj\u00ed, nap\u0159. p\u0159i povolov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby \u0161t\u011brk\u016f v\u00a0bl\u00edzkosti vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f neum\u00edme\u00a0ve spr\u00e1vn\u00edch \u0159\u00edzen\u00edch pracovat s\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u00edmi probl\u00e9my sucha a\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm stavem vod.<\/p>\n

Pun\u010doch\u00e1\u0159<\/strong>: S\u00a0nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00e9lkou sucha z\u00e1jem ve\u0159ejnosti vzr\u016fst\u00e1. Nedost\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u0161ak jasn\u00e9 a\u00a0spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 informace, co d\u011blat pro zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f sucha a\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Hlavn\u00ed proud informac\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159uje ke kritice nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9ho stavu krajiny a\u00a0k\u00a0posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed sucha zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba zm\u00edrnit zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm objemu vody v\u00a0p\u016fd\u011b, roz\u010dlen\u011bn\u00edm zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch ploch, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm po\u010dtu rybn\u00edk\u016f, mok\u0159ad\u016f. K\u00a0tomu se nelogicky p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdznam t\u011bchto opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, co\u017e neplat\u00ed. Takto zvy\u0161ovan\u00e1 odolnost krajiny proti suchu nezabezpe\u010d\u00ed vodn\u00ed zdroje, nebo\u0165 vztah t\u011bchto opat\u0159en\u00ed k\u00a0pos\u00edlen\u00ed vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f je nepodstatn\u00fd a\u00a0odkazuji na pr\u00e1ci V\u00daV TGM, v. v. i. (Vodn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed\/2017\/6: 6\u20139).<\/em><\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

T\u016fma<\/strong>: Informac\u00ed kolem sucha je prezentov\u00e1no mnoho, ale jak laick\u00e1, tak odborn\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost nem\u00e1 informace komplexn\u00ed. Spr\u00e1vn\u011b je u\u017e v\u00a0ot\u00e1zce pops\u00e1no, \u017ee sucho existuje meteorologick\u00e9\u00a0\u2013 to je absence \u00fahrnu sr\u00e1\u017eek za ur\u010dit\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, d\u00e1le zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9, kter\u00e9 hodnot\u00ed vl\u00e1hovou bilanci a\u00a0dostupnost vody pro rostliny, a\u00a0pak sucho hydrologick\u00e9, co\u017e je pokles pr\u016ftok\u016f, hladin a\u00a0z\u00e1sob vody v\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch d\u00edky suchu meteorologick\u00e9mu. Sucho v\u017edy za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 suchem meteorologick\u00fdm, ale ty dal\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e9 navazuj\u00ed, jsou z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na ro\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed, na teplot\u011b vzduchu, ale i\u00a0na v\u011btru a\u00a0zejm\u00e9na d\u00e9lce trv\u00e1n\u00ed. Slo\u017eitost t\u011bchto proces\u016f si m\u00e1lokdo uv\u011bdomuje. Vlivem vysok\u00fdch teplot, dlouh\u00e9ho po\u010dtu tropick\u00fdch dn\u00ed, vysok\u00e9ho v\u00fdparu, v\u011btru a\u00a0evapotranspiraci m\u016f\u017ee nastoupit nap\u0159. extr\u00e9mn\u00ed sucho zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 bez ostatn\u00edch projev\u016f sucha. \u0158ada v\u011bdc\u016f a\u00a0odborn\u00edk\u016f se specializuje na jeden stav sucha a\u00a0ten prezentuje bez zd\u016frazn\u011bn\u00ed vazeb s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi. Je nutn\u00e9 zd\u016fraznit a\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u011b odli\u0161it, zda hovo\u0159\u00edme o\u00a0suchu kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m \u010di dlouhodob\u00e9m. Jin\u00e1 adapta\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed je nutno p\u0159ipravovat na sucho kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9, jin\u00e1 na dlouhodob\u00e9 sucho.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1ruba<\/strong>: Ji\u017e nyn\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 si vyhledat pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 informace, by\u0165 rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 na r\u016fzn\u00fdch webech. I\u00a0proto jsme se rozhodli podpo\u0159it v\u00fdvoj syst\u00e9mu HAMR, aby byly ve\u0161ker\u00e9 informace dostupn\u00e9 na jednom m\u00edst\u011b. Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0unik\u00e1tn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci mezi \u010cHM\u00da, V\u00daV TGM, v. v. i., a\u00a0CzechGlobem. Jsem velice r\u00e1d, \u017ee se k\u00a0tomu jednotliv\u00e9 organizace rozhodly.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Epizody sucha a\u00a0nedostatku ovliv\u0148uje tak\u00e9 zm\u011bna klimatu. Vid\u00edte v\u00a0tomto kontextu i\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00e1 pozitiva \u010di p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti?<\/h4>\n

Da\u0148helka<\/strong>: Zm\u011bna klimatu je \u010dasto prezentov\u00e1na v\u00fdhradn\u011b negativn\u011b, a\u00a0pokud se sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e napln\u00ed, tak probl\u00e9m sucha u\u00a0n\u00e1s zes\u00edl\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed pro n\u00e1s je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed efektivity vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f, adaptace v\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a\u00a0pr\u016fmyslu\u00a0\u2013 ostatn\u011b adaptace m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edm se podm\u00ednk\u00e1m v\u00a0minulosti byla jedn\u00edm z\u00a0\u201emotor\u016f\u201c rozvoje technologi\u00ed a\u00a0metod.<\/p>\n

Hub\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1<\/strong>: P\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00e9m stavu v\u011bdy a\u00a0pozn\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1me mnoho p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt v\u011bdeck\u00fdch poznatk\u016f ke zm\u011bn\u011b zp\u016fsobu na\u0161eho \u017eivota\u00a0\u2013 k\u00a0hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s\u00a0p\u016fdou, vodou, v\u00a0les\u00edch, se zp\u016fsobem rozvoje s\u00eddel\u2026 Jak jsme ale ochotni se p\u0159izp\u016fsobit? V\u011bt\u0161inou lid\u00e9 reaguj\u00ed, a\u017e probl\u00e9m nastane, a\u00a0to b\u00fdv\u00e1 pozd\u011b.<\/p>\n

Pun\u010doch\u00e1\u0159<\/strong>: P\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed je uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee i\u00a0p\u0159es omezen\u00e9 vodn\u00ed zdroje \u010cR (vzta\u017eeno na jednoho obyvatele jsme spolu s\u00a0D\u00e1nskem na 3. a\u017e 4. m\u00edst\u011b od konce v\u00a0po\u0159ad\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, za n\u00e1mi je Kypr a\u00a0Malta) se historicky vodohospod\u00e1\u0159\u016fm da\u0159ilo udr\u017eet vodn\u00ed blahobyt pro obyvatelstvo i\u00a0hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Je t\u0159eba p\u0159edstavit sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e v\u00fdvoje klimatu pro na\u0161e \u00fazem\u00ed a\u00a0upozornit, \u017ee rostouc\u00ed teploty a\u00a0nerovnom\u011brnost sr\u00e1\u017eek v\u00fdrazn\u011b situaci zm\u011bn\u00ed, tak\u017ee v\u00a0roce 2050\u20132070 lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat velk\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, nebo\u0165 sou\u010dasn\u00fd objem odb\u011br\u016f z\u0159ejm\u011b nebude pokryt. Je nezbytn\u00e9 o\u00a0pos\u00edlen\u00ed vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f rozhodovat nyn\u00ed (s\u00a0ohledem na d\u00e9lku p\u0159\u00edprav a\u00a0realizace p\u0159ehradn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, bez kter\u00fdch to prost\u011b nep\u016fjde). Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b je nutn\u00e9 posilovat odolnost krajiny proti dopad\u016fm zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho sucha.<\/p>\n

T\u016fma<\/strong>: Pozitiva lze t\u011b\u017eko hledat v\u00a0dopadech zm\u011bny klimatu. Na\u0161i republiku velice rychle zas\u00e1hly v\u0161echny projevy o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 zm\u011bny, a\u00a0to o\u00a0n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek let d\u0159\u00edve. Modelov\u00e1ny byly sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e dopadu v\u00fdvoje klimatu na \u0159adu let dop\u0159edu, ale o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd vzestup teplot o\u00a0n\u011bkolik stup\u0148\u016f n\u00e1s zas\u00e1hl ji\u017e nyn\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako nerovnom\u011brnost rozlo\u017een\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u011btrnost. Prvn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e hovo\u0159ily o\u00a0nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9m rozlo\u017een\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek s\u00a0p\u0159edpokladem, \u017ee ro\u010dn\u00ed \u00fahrn z\u016fstane p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b zachovan\u00fd. Pokles ro\u010dn\u00edho \u00fahrnu o\u00a030\u00a0% v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech je v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech b\u011b\u017en\u00fd, v\u00a0minul\u00e9m roce dokonce dosahoval v\u00a0povod\u00ed nad vodn\u00edm d\u00edlem Vranov 50\u00a0%. Co si m\u00e1lokdo uv\u011bdomuje, je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee v\u00a0kritick\u00fdch obdob\u00edch nebudou rozhodovat pr\u016fm\u011bry, ale extr\u00e9my! P\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost? Zajistit akumulaci vody pro p\u0159eklenut\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9ho sucha.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Z\u00e1ruba<\/strong>: Jako \u010dlov\u011bk konzervativn\u00edch n\u00e1zor\u016f a\u00a0preferenc\u00ed t\u011b\u017eko hled\u00e1m jak\u00e1koliv pozitiva souvisej\u00edc\u00ed se zm\u011bnou klimatu. S\u00a0trochou nads\u00e1zky m\u011b napad\u00e1, \u017ee se mo\u017en\u00e1 budeme muset v\u00edce u\u010dit u\u00a0ji\u017en\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed s\u00a0hork\u00fdm klimatem dlouhodob\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti, a\u00a0zav\u00e9st nap\u0159. po ob\u011bd\u011b siestu a\u00a0do spole\u010dnosti vyr\u00e1\u017eet a\u017e po des\u00e1t\u00e9 ve\u010der.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 kroky pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu je pot\u0159eba ud\u011blat v\u00a0kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m a\u00a0dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu?<\/h4>\n

Da\u0148helka<\/strong>: Jako prvn\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it podm\u00ednky pro realizaci opat\u0159en\u00ed tam, kde dosud nejsou. Jde tedy o\u00a0m\u011bkk\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed legislativn\u00ed, finan\u010dn\u00ed a\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00ed povahy proto, aby se dlouhodob\u011b mohlo zm\u011bnit na\u0161e hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0krajin\u011b a\u00a0hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s\u00a0vodou. Jednotliv\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161ak mus\u00ed b\u00fdt d\u011bl\u00e1na spole\u010dn\u011b, proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti probl\u00e9mu zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed odolnosti\u00a0\u2013 krajinn\u00e1 a\u00a0technick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed se zkr\u00e1tka dopl\u0148uj\u00ed a\u00a0nejsou vz\u00e1jemnou alternativou.<\/p>\n

Hub\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1<\/strong>: V\u00a0kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m horizontu je t\u0159eba zintenzivnit hlavn\u011b osv\u011btu, zapracovat na zm\u011bn\u00e1ch strategi\u00ed rozvoje, podpo\u0159it zm\u011bny v\u00a0hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0krajin\u011b, a\u00a0to nejen vyps\u00e1n\u00edm dota\u010dn\u00edch program\u016f, ale syst\u00e9mov\u011b do v\u00fduky, vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed\u2026 d\u00e1le p\u0159ipravit zm\u011bny v\u00a0legislativ\u011b p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0oblasti \u00fazemn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0pozemkov\u00fdch \u00faprav v\u010detn\u011b pos\u00edlen\u00ed pravomoc\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f a\u00a0subjekt\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 moci a\u00a0je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1le postupn\u011b realizovat nap\u0159. n\u00e1dr\u017ee k\u00a0zachycen\u00ed vody, mok\u0159ady, rem\u00edzky, pr\u016flehy, zatrav\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0m\u00edstech soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9ho odtoku atp.\u00a0a\u00a0ozele\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed jak v\u00a0krajin\u011b, tak v\u00a0s\u00eddlech a\u00a0zm\u011bnit specifikaci p\u011bstovan\u00fdch plodin.<\/p>\n

Pun\u010doch\u00e1\u0159<\/strong>: Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem\u00a0nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edho obdob\u00ed je vysv\u011btlit ve\u0159ejnosti a\u00a0politik\u016fm, \u017ee o\u00a0budoucnosti vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f se rozhoduje nyn\u00ed. Odklady mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou budouc\u00edch krizov\u00fdch situac\u00ed. Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed je zastavit argumentaci, \u017ee p\u0159ehradn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee jsou \u201eposledn\u00edm mo\u017en\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm\u201c pro zabezpe\u010den\u00ed vody, proto\u017ee tzv. alternativy \u0159e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b vodu v\u00a0krajin\u011b, nikoliv vodn\u00ed zdroje. Opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b je t\u0159eba uplat\u0148ovat a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 zajistit dal\u0161\u00ed vodn\u00ed zdroje nejen realizac\u00ed nov\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, ale propojov\u00e1n\u00edm vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch soustav i\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm akumulace ve st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch (nap\u0159. v\u00a0Novoml\u00fdnsk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed hladiny jen o\u00a035\u2008cm znamen\u00e1 9\u2008mil. m3<\/sup> vody, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0povod\u00ed Dyje chyb\u00ed).<\/p>\n

T\u016fma<\/strong>: Je nezbytn\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee vody je m\u00e1lo u\u017e nyn\u00ed, \u017ee s\u00a0n\u00ed mus\u00edme l\u00e9pe hospoda\u0159it. Hospoda\u0159it znamen\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edvat l\u00e9pe st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Poda\u0159ilo se n\u00e1m d\u00edky vysok\u00e9 cen\u011b vody zastavit r\u016fst spot\u0159eby z\u00a0pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch 300\u2008l\/osobu\/den na 100\u2008l, a\u00a0to d\u00edky i\u00a0omezen\u00ed ztr\u00e1t. Spot\u0159ebu v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017eeme sn\u00ed\u017eit v\u00a0ji\u017e zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9 vodn\u00ed stop\u011b. D\u00edky blahobytu nakupujeme v\u0161eho v\u00edce, ne\u017e spot\u0159ebujeme\u00a0\u2013 skute\u010dn\u011b pot\u0159ebujeme. Od potravin, p\u0159es oble\u010den\u00ed a\u017e nap\u0159. po automobily. Sousedn\u00ed Slovensko, ale i\u00a0N\u011bmecko maj\u00ed spot\u0159ebu pod 4\u00a0000\u2008l\/osobu\/den. Vzorem jsou n\u00e1m seversk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty\u00a0\u2013 svou skromnost\u00ed k\u00a0n\u00e1rok\u016fm na v\u0161echny po\u017eitky. T\u00edm \u0161et\u0159\u00ed nejen vodu, ale cel\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. V\u00a0adapta\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00edch se mus\u00edme soust\u0159edit na opat\u0159en\u00ed k\u00a0eliminaci dlouhodob\u00e9ho sucha. Tu zajist\u00ed jen akumulovan\u00e1 povrchov\u00e1 voda z\u00a0obdob\u00ed jej\u00edho nadbytku. Opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0krajin\u011b budou eliminovat sucho kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9, ale nezajist\u00ed vodu pro obyvatelstvo, dobytek, pr\u016fmysl a\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. I\u00a0zde plat\u00ed slovo l\u00e9pe hospoda\u0159it\u00a0\u2013 nezvy\u0161ovat v\u00fdparem a\u00a0odtokem ztr\u00e1tu vody z\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1ruba<\/strong>: Za\u010d\u00edt komplexn\u011b realizovat opat\u0159en\u00ed, a\u00a0to v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch \u00fapln\u011b nejmen\u0161\u00edch, na kter\u00fdch se m\u016f\u017ee pod\u00edlet ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00a0n\u00e1s. Splachovat \u0161edou vodou, nakupovat lok\u00e1ln\u00ed potraviny, pou\u017e\u00edvat v\u00a0dom\u00e1cnostech pouze ekologick\u00e9 prost\u0159edky, nezal\u00e9vat, pokud je vyd\u00e1na v\u00fdstraha na sucho\u2026 a\u017e po ta slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed del\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravu a\u00a0koordinaci ze strany ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00a0Koncepci ochrany p\u0159ed n\u00e1sledky sucha pro \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky jsou tato opat\u0159en\u00ed dob\u0159e pops\u00e1na. Asi nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edm \u00fakolem bude zm\u011bna my\u0161len\u00ed lid\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b a\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 orientov\u00e1no na kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fd zisk a\u00a0efekt. Boj se suchem je b\u011bh na dlouho tra\u0165 a\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fd ponese jeho ur\u010dit\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, nicm\u00e9n\u011b nepochybuji, \u017ee jako spole\u010dnost chceme dos\u00e1hnout zdrav\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, aby mohly b\u00fdt zdrav\u00e9 i\u00a0na\u0161e d\u011bti.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

These and other questions were answered by experts who come into contact with drought and water shortages daily.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5167,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[96,121,1404,120,885],"coauthors":[2416],"class_list":["post-5265","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","tag-climate-change","tag-drought","tag-hydrologic-drought","tag-interview","tag-lack-of-water"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5265","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5265"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5265\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30472,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5265\/revisions\/30472"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5265"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5265"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5265"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=5265"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}