{"id":5262,"date":"2018-10-09T08:31:34","date_gmt":"2018-10-09T07:31:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=5262"},"modified":"2024-07-16T14:35:34","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T13:35:34","slug":"river-basin-monitoring-to-assess-the-impact-of-nature-friendly-measures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2018\/10\/river-basin-monitoring-to-assess-the-impact-of-nature-friendly-measures\/","title":{"rendered":"River basin monitoring to assess the impact of nature-friendly measures"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle fa-3x pull-left\"><\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n<h2>\u00davod<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu Sucho byl na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky zah\u00e1jen komplexn\u00ed monitoring vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a\u00a0pozemk\u016f v\u00a0jejich povod\u00edch za \u00fa\u010delem vyhodnocen\u00ed vlivu realizac\u00ed revitaliza\u010dn\u00edch akc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed dopady sucha. Pro pot\u0159eby hodnocen\u00ed vlivu revitaliza\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed je nezbytn\u00e9, aby byly p\u0159edm\u011btn\u00e9 plochy a\u00a0lokality komplexn\u011b monitorov\u00e1ny je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm realizace jednotliv\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed z\u00a0d\u016fvodu postihnut\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edho stavu p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a\u00a0monitoring by m\u011bl pokra\u010dovat n\u011bkolik let po realizov\u00e1n\u00ed navr\u017een\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Monitoring vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a\u00a0ploch povod\u00ed za\u010dal na lokalit\u00e1ch, kde jsou napl\u00e1nov\u00e1ny realizace p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0\u010dasov\u00e9m horizontu 1 a\u017e 3\u00a0roky, tedy v\u00a0letech 2018\u20132020. Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0monitorovac\u00ed techniky zaru\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed pozn\u00e1n\u00ed hydrologick\u00fdch a\u00a0hydroekologick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed vodn\u00edch tok\u016f v\u010detn\u011b kvality vod a\u00a0p\u016fdn\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed dot\u010den\u00fdch lokalit.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ilustracni-obrazek-8.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-5262];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5211 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ilustracni-obrazek-8.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ilustracni-obrazek-8.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ilustracni-obrazek-8-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ilustracni-obrazek-8-768x509.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/530;\" \/><\/a>\n<h2>Pilotn\u00ed lokality<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00fdb\u011br pilotn\u00edch lokalit byl prov\u00e1d\u011bn v\u00a0\u00fazk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci se zam\u011bstnanci st\u00e1tn\u00edch podnik\u016f Povod\u00ed \u2013 konkr\u00e9tn\u011b s. p. Povod\u00ed Oh\u0159e, Povod\u00ed Labe, Povod\u00ed Vltavy a\u00a0Povod\u00ed Moravy. V\u00a0jednom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bylo komunikov\u00e1no se zam\u011bstnanci st\u00e1tn\u00edho podniku Lesy \u010cR. V\u00fdb\u011br lokalit byl konzultov\u00e1n z\u00a0hledisek vhodnosti: stabilizovan\u00fd profil, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u00fapravy v\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm obdob\u00ed, nenaru\u0161en\u00ed trajektorie vodn\u00edho toku, p\u0159\u00edjezdov\u00e1 cesta co nejbl\u00ed\u017ee, pot\u0159eba \u010di vyu\u017eit\u00ed dat spr\u00e1vci vodn\u00edch tok\u016f. Informace o\u00a0pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch revitaliza\u010dn\u00edch akc\u00edch byly z\u00edsk\u00e1ny zejm\u00e9na od z\u00e1stupc\u016f podnik\u016f povod\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b od jednotliv\u00fdch obc\u00ed, kter\u00fdch se revitalizace t\u00fdkaj\u00ed. D\u00e1le byla nav\u00e1z\u00e1na spolupr\u00e1ce se zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdmi podniky Lupofyt Chr\u00e1\u0161\u0165any, a. s., a\u00a0ZD Bulhary. Zde byl napl\u00e1nov\u00e1n detailn\u00ed monitoring zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch p\u016fd z\u00a0hlediska hydrologie, kvality, eroze, meteorologie. Tyto lokality budou dlouhodob\u011b monitorov\u00e1ny a\u00a0se z\u00e1stupci firem budou diskutov\u00e1na mo\u017en\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0plo\u0161e povod\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by pomohla zlep\u0161it podm\u00ednky pro hospoda\u0159en\u00ed. Lokality vybran\u00e9 pro jednotliv\u00e9 druhy monitoringu jsou zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny na\u00a0<em>obr. 1<\/em>. Vybran\u00e9 profily se nach\u00e1z\u00ed zejm\u00e9na ve dvou nejohro\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00edch lokalit\u00e1ch z\u00a0hlediska sucha, a\u00a0sice na ji\u017en\u00ed Morav\u011b a\u00a0na z\u00e1pad od Prahy (Rakovnicko a\u00a0okol\u00ed).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-1.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-5262];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5197 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-1-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-1-768x526.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/548;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 1. Mapa lokalit<\/h6>\n<h2>Monitoring hydrologick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu povod\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Hydrologick\u00fd re\u017eim vodn\u00edch tok\u016f je v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech m\u011bn\u011bn postupem klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn, a\u00a0to zejm\u00e9na zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se teplotou vzduchu, zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed evapotranspirac\u00ed, zm\u011bnami v\u00a0plo\u0161n\u00e9m rozlo\u017een\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek, sn\u00ed\u017eenou z\u00e1sobou vody ve sn\u011bhu a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi. Z\u00a0toho plynou negativn\u00ed projevy na vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch jako sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed povrchov\u00e9ho odtoku, zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed teplot vody a\u00a0v\u00a0krajn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech (v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech ne p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdch) vysych\u00e1n\u00ed. T\u011bmto negativn\u00edm projev\u016fm v\u00a0hydrologick\u00e9m re\u017eimu vodn\u00edch tok\u016f se sna\u017e\u00ed zamezit, nebo je sn\u00ed\u017eit, realizace r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed jak p\u0159\u00edmo na vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch, tak v\u00a0plo\u0161e povod\u00ed.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-2.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-5262];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"545\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5199 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-2-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-2-768x523.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/545;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 2. Aplikace pro prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch zm\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch dat v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0dlouhodob\u00fdmi pr\u016fm\u011bry<\/h6>\n<p>V\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu byl zaveden monitoring hydrologick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu vybran\u00fdch vodn\u00edch tok\u016f, kde budou v\u00a0nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch letech realizov\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost t\u011bchto realizac\u00ed zhodnotit.<\/p>\n<p>Byly vybr\u00e1ny lokality:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: upper-alpha;\">\n<li>ve kter\u00fdch se v\u00a0nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed realizace p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed:\n<ul>\n<li>Svitavka (Kunratice u\u00a0Cvikova),<\/li>\n<li>Merboltick\u00fd potok (Merboltice),<\/li>\n<li>Kojetick\u00fd potok (Kojetice u\u00a0Prahy),<\/li>\n<li>Ba\u0161t\u00fdnsk\u00fd potok (Novosedly),<\/li>\n<li>Teplice (Ku\u017eelov),<\/li>\n<li>Dlouh\u00e1 \u0159eka (Nedakonice),<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch pozemc\u00edch, kde byla nav\u00e1z\u00e1na spolupr\u00e1ce se zem\u011bd\u011blci a\u00a0kter\u00e9 budou zkoum\u00e1ny detailn\u011bji (hydrologick\u00fd re\u017eim, kvalita, eroze, klima):\n<ul>\n<li>Bezejmenn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok Rakovnick\u00e9ho potoka \u2013 Or\u00e1\u010dov (Lupofyt, s. r. o.),<\/li>\n<li>Bezejmenn\u00fd vodn\u00ed tok \u2013 Li\u0161any (Lupofyt, s. r. o.),<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>kter\u00e9 se dlouhodob\u011b pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s\u00a0projevy sucha:\n<ul>\n<li>Podhora (Kryry),<\/li>\n<li>Novovesk\u00fd potok (p\u0159\u00edtok Ra\u010dinky v\u00a0\u017d\u00e1rov\u00e9) (<em>obr. 3<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Pro zhodnocen\u00ed hydrologick\u00e9ho stavu lokality jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed pr\u016ftokov\u00e1 data z\u00a0vodn\u00edho toku, ud\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed celkov\u00fd odtok z\u00a0vybran\u00e9ho povod\u00ed zm\u011b\u0159en\u00fd v\u00a0uz\u00e1v\u011brov\u00e9m profilu. Pro sestaven\u00ed hydrologick\u00e9ho modelu jsou d\u00e1le pot\u0159eba \u00fadaje o\u00a0sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1ch na povod\u00ed a\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch denn\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch. Po zkalibrov\u00e1n\u00ed hydrologick\u00e9ho modelu je mo\u017en\u00e9 modelovat dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dleny hydrologick\u00e9 bilance jako: potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed evapotranspiraci, \u00fazemn\u00ed v\u00fdpar, infiltraci do p\u016fdy a\u00a0dotaci podzemn\u00ed vody z\u00a0p\u016fdy. D\u00e1le je simulov\u00e1no mno\u017estv\u00ed vody obsa\u017een\u00e9 ve sn\u011bhov\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvce, v\u00a0p\u016fd\u011b a\u00a0v\u00a0z\u00e1sob\u011b podzemn\u00ed vody.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-3.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-5262];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5201 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-3-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-3-768x431.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/449;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 3. Vodom\u011brn\u00e1 stanice s\u00a0pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm sr\u00e1\u017eek a\u00a0teploty vzduchu, lokalita Novovesk\u00fd potok (p\u0159\u00edtok Ra\u010dinky v\u00a0\u017d\u00e1rov\u00e9)<\/h6>\n<p>Po realizaci p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed na vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v\u00a0plo\u0161e povod\u00ed by p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdm dopadem na hydrologick\u00fd syst\u00e9m mohlo b\u00fdt nap\u0159. zpomalen\u00ed povrchov\u00e9ho odtoku b\u011bhem sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fdch epizod, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl vody infiltrovan\u00e9 do p\u016fdy, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed dotace podzemn\u00edch vod, co\u017e \u00fazce souvis\u00ed jak s\u00a0bojem proti suchu, tak s\u00a0ochranou proti povodn\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu bylo z\u0159\u00edzeno deset vodom\u011brn\u00fdch a\u00a0osm sr\u00e1\u017ekom\u011brn\u00fdch stanic spolu s\u00a0pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm teploty vzduchu. Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0oblasti \u010cR: Rakovnicko, severn\u00ed \u010cechy, Polab\u00ed, Ji\u017en\u00ed Morava a\u00a0Jesen\u00edky. V\u0161echny stanice maj\u00ed GSM p\u0159enos m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch veli\u010din. P\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm zm\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm dat\u016fm (obsahuje i\u00a0dlouhodob\u00e9 pr\u016fm\u011bry pro porovn\u00e1n\u00ed) je mo\u017en\u00fd p\u0159es z\u00e1lo\u017eku Aplikace na webu www.suchovkrajine.cz. Na <em>obr. 2<\/em> je printscreen u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed aplikace. V\u00a0lev\u00e9m horn\u00edm rohu je mapa s\u00a0lokalizac\u00ed stanice, pod n\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch veli\u010din. Na prav\u00e9 stran\u011b dlouhodob\u00e9 \u00fadaje a\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty, je mo\u017en\u00e9 zobrazit i\u00a0kumulativn\u00ed hodnoty.<\/p>\n<p>Monitoring vodn\u00edch tok\u016f je dlouhodobou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, pro \u00fa\u010dely vyhodnocen\u00ed je pot\u0159eba minim\u00e1ln\u011b 3\u20135let\u00e1 \u0159ada pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. Na vodom\u011brn\u00fdch stanic\u00edch je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed do budoucna minim\u00e1ln\u011b 4\u00d7 ro\u010dn\u011b hydrometrovat a\u00a0prov\u00e1d\u011bt nutnou b\u011b\u017enou \u00fadr\u017ebu stanic (dob\u00edjen\u00ed baterie, \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017ekom\u011br\u016f, \u2026) i\u00a0vodn\u00edch tok\u016f v\u00a0okol\u00ed stanic. Po roce m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 ud\u011blat prvn\u00ed zhodnocen\u00ed hydrologick\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f v\u00a0pozorovan\u00fdch povod\u00edch. Z\u00a0ro\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e9lky dat je ji\u017e mo\u017en\u00e9, podle podrobnosti konsump\u010dn\u00edch k\u0159ivek, vy\u010d\u00edslit pr\u016ftoky na dan\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch a\u00a0z\u00edskat hrub\u00fd odhad z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f hydrologick\u00e9 bilance. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b pro detailn\u00ed vypov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed popis hydrologick\u00e9 bilance je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed n\u011bkolikalet\u00fd monitoring z\u00a0d\u016fvodu zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 variability jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f hydrologick\u00e9 bilance. Nelze tedy z\u00a0jednolet\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ur\u010dit nap\u0159. dlouhodob\u00e9 pr\u016fm\u011bry, m-denn\u00ed pr\u016ftoky apod.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je pozn\u00e1n\u00ed hydrologick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch povod\u00ed p\u0159ed realizac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b pozn\u00e1n\u00ed hydrologick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed po realizaci opat\u0159en\u00ed. Budou hled\u00e1ny a\u00a0hodnoceny zm\u011bny v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch veli\u010din\u00e1ch a\u00a0celkov\u00e9m chov\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a\u00a0krajiny.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/beran.png\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-5262];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"436\" height=\"833\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5232 aligncenter lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/beran.png\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/beran.png 436w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/beran-157x300.png 157w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 436px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 436\/833;\" \/><\/a>\n<h2>Monitoring dopadu realizace opat\u0159en\u00ed na kvalitu a\u00a0stav vod a\u00a0vodn\u00ed organismy<\/h2>\n<p>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee realizace n\u00e1pravn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed na toc\u00edch a\/nebo v\u00a0plo\u0161e povod\u00ed vede ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed stavu vodn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0obdob\u00ed sucha.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed byl proveden v\u00fdb\u011br pilotn\u00edch \u00fazem\u00ed, kde jsou pl\u00e1nov\u00e1ny realizace opat\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0kde je ve skute\u010dnosti mo\u017en\u00e9 monitoring stavu vod prov\u00e9st, zejm\u00e9na s\u00a0ohledem na dostate\u010dnou vodnost dot\u010den\u00fdch tok\u016f. Typy opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly vybr\u00e1ny ke sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, jsou uvedeny ve schv\u00e1len\u00e9 <em>Koncepci na ochranu p\u0159ed n\u00e1sledky sucha pro \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky<\/em> jako opat\u0159en\u00ed vhodn\u00e1 pro eliminaci negativn\u00edch vliv\u016f sucha na vodn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n<p>Byly vybr\u00e1ny lokality:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: upper-alpha;\">\n<li>opat\u0159en\u00ed na vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch:\n<ul>\n<li>revitalizace \u0159eky Mor\u00e1vky u\u00a0Nedakonic,<\/li>\n<li>revitalizace Ba\u0161t\u00fdnsk\u00e9ho potoka u\u00a0Novosedel,<\/li>\n<li>revitalizace Trkmanky u\u00a0Velk\u00fdch Pavlovic,<\/li>\n<li>revitalizace Kyjovky u\u00a0Moravsk\u00e9 Nov\u00e9 Vsi,<\/li>\n<li>revitalizace potoka Teplice pod Ku\u017eelovem,<\/li>\n<li>revitalizace potoka Svitavka u\u00a0Kunratic u\u00a0Cvikova,<\/li>\n<li>revitalizace Merboltick\u00e9ho potoka pod obc\u00ed Rychnov,<\/li>\n<li>revitalizace Kojetick\u00e9ho potoka v\u00a0intravil\u00e1nu obce Kojetice,<\/li>\n<li>realizovan\u00e1 revitalizace Starovick\u00e9ho potoka u\u00a0Starovic,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0plo\u0161e povod\u00ed:\n<ul>\n<li>bezejmenn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtok Rakovnick\u00e9ho potoka\u00a0\u2013 Or\u00e1\u010dov (Lupofyt, s. r. o.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>V\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti na v\u00fdb\u011br lokalit byl zpracov\u00e1n pl\u00e1n monitoringu v\u010detn\u011b seznamu parametr\u016f fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b-chemick\u00fdch, chemick\u00fdch a\u00a0biologick\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f povrchov\u00fdch vod a\u00a0byl napl\u00e1nov\u00e1n pr\u016fzkum hydromorfologie vodn\u00edch tok\u016f pilotn\u00edch lokalit.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdb\u011br fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b-chemick\u00fdch a\u00a0chemick\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f pro hodnocen\u00ed kvality povrchov\u00fdch vod ve sledovan\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed vze\u0161el z\u00a0re\u0161er\u0161n\u00edch prac\u00ed \u00fakolu <em>\u010cinnosti k\u00a0podpo\u0159e v\u00fdkonu st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy v\u00a0problematice SUCHO v\u00a0roce 2016<\/em>. Zahrnuje tyto parametry: teplota vody, rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd kysl\u00edk, biochemick\u00e1 spot\u0159eba kysl\u00edku, pH, KNK<sub>4,<\/sub><sub>5<\/sub>, konduktivita, dusi\u010dnanov\u00fd dus\u00edk, amoniak\u00e1ln\u00ed dus\u00edk, celkov\u00fd fosfor, fosfore\u010dnany, nerozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (NL<sub>105<\/sub> a\u00a0NL<sub>550<\/sub>), s\u00edrany, chloridy a\u00a0chlorofyl-a\u00a0na vybran\u00fdch profilech s\u00a0v\u00fdskytem fytoplanktonu. \u010cetnost sledov\u00e1n\u00ed ukazatel\u016f byla stanovena v\u00a0intervalu jednou za dva m\u011bs\u00edce tak, aby datov\u00fd soubor obsahoval minim\u00e1ln\u011b \u0161est hodnot a\u00a0bylo jej mo\u017en\u00e9 vyhodnotit podle platn\u00fdch legislativn\u00edch a\u00a0metodick\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f. V\u00a0\u0159\u00edjnu 2017 byl zah\u00e1jen ro\u010dn\u00ed monitoring pilotn\u00edch \u00fazem\u00ed, realizov\u00e1no je obdob\u00ed \u0159\u00edjen 2017\u2013srpen 2018.<\/p>\n<p>Opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou doporu\u010dena pro eliminaci n\u00e1sledk\u016f sucha, \u010dasto souvis\u00ed s\u00a0morfologi\u00ed toku a\u00a0jeho bezprost\u0159edn\u00edm okol\u00edm. Biologick\u00e9 slo\u017eky, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro hodnocen\u00ed ekologick\u00e9ho stavu, ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u011bn\u00ed hydromorfologii toku a\u00a0v\u00fdskyt jednotliv\u00fdch habitat\u016f. Vhodn\u00e9 a\u00a0nej\u010dast\u011bji u\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 indik\u00e1tory zm\u011bn hydromorfologie jsou ryby a\u00a0makrozoobentos. Fytobentos je citliv\u00fd na zm\u011bny proud\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0substr\u00e1tu, l\u00e9pe v\u0161ak indikuje trofii. V\u00fdb\u011br sledovan\u00fdch biologick\u00fdch slo\u017eek tak vych\u00e1zel z\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00edch metodik hodnocen\u00ed ekologick\u00e9ho stavu, ale sou\u010dasn\u011b i\u00a0zohled\u0148uje zranitelnost skupin vodn\u00edch organism\u016f, jak bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno b\u011bhem re\u0161er\u0161n\u00edch prac\u00ed na \u00fakolu <em>\u010cinnosti k\u00a0podpo\u0159e v\u00fdkonu st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy v\u00a0problematice SUCHO v\u00a0roce 2016 \u2013 \u00fakol Zhodnocen\u00ed dopad\u016f sucha v\u00a0\u00fatvarech povrchov\u00fdch vod na vodn\u00ed a\u00a0vodu v\u00e1zan\u00e9 organismy<\/em>. Zvolen\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 slo\u017eky pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou fytobentos a\u00a0makrozoobentos, ryby by m\u011bly b\u00fdt sledov\u00e1ny pouze pro vybran\u00e9 typy opat\u0159en\u00ed \u2013 revitalizace \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch biotop\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Pro posouzen\u00ed hydromorfologick\u00fdch zm\u011bn s\u00a0ohledem na pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 realizace p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed bylo t\u0159eba zmapovat p\u016fvodn\u00ed stav. Hydromorfologick\u00e9 mapov\u00e1n\u00ed se prov\u00e1d\u011blo podle tzv. metodiky HEM 2014 \u2013 <em>Metodika monitoringu hydromorfologick\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f ekologick\u00e9 kvality vodn\u00edch tok\u016f<\/em> v\u00a0zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed, kdy bylo pomoc\u00ed zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch charakteristik \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch koryt, b\u0159eh\u016f, p\u0159\u00edb\u0159e\u017en\u00edch z\u00f3n a\u00a0inunda\u010dn\u00edch \u00fazem\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1n popis aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho stavu hydromorfologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek sledovan\u00fdch \u00fasek\u016f vodn\u00edch tok\u016f. Klasifikace hydromorfologick\u00e9ho stavu sledovan\u00fdch \u00fasek\u016f tok\u016f byla provedena podle metodiky M\u017dP <em>Metodika typov\u011b specifick\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed hydromorfologick\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f ekologick\u00e9 kvality vodn\u00edch tok\u016f<\/em> [1].<\/p>\n<h2>Monitorovac\u00ed strategie<\/h2>\n<p>Monitoring a\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed efektivity realizovan\u00e9ho opat\u0159en\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt t\u0159emi zp\u016fsoby, tzv. monitorovac\u00edmi strategiemi:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: upper-alpha;\">\n<li>\u010dasov\u00e1 (p\u0159ed\/po) \u2013 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed se prov\u00e1d\u00ed chronologicky, tj. p\u0159ed a\u00a0po realizaci n\u00e1pravn\u00e9ho opat\u0159en\u00ed na stejn\u00e9m monitorovac\u00edm profilu; monitorovac\u00ed bod je um\u00edst\u011bn v\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011brov\u00e9m profilu realizovan\u00e9ho opat\u0159en\u00ed; v\u00a0projektu se t\u00e9to strategie nevyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1;<\/li>\n<li>prostorov\u00e1 (prostor nahrazuje \u010das) \u2013 tato strategie se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tehdy, pokud nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zajistit p\u0159ed realizac\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed monitoring; sledov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1pravn\u00e9ho opat\u0159en\u00ed se prov\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00a0dob\u011b po realizaci opat\u0159en\u00ed na dvou monitorovac\u00edch profilech; dopad realizace opat\u0159en\u00ed se sleduje pomoc\u00ed zm\u011bny stavu mezi monitorovac\u00edm profilem, kter\u00fd je um\u00edst\u011bn v\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011brov\u00e9m profilu realizovan\u00e9ho opat\u0159en\u00ed, a\u00a0kontroln\u00edm profilem, kter\u00fd je situov\u00e1n nad opat\u0159en\u00edm a\u00a0nen\u00ed ovlivn\u011bn dal\u0161\u00edm vlivem; v\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00e9m \u00fakolu takto p\u0159istupujeme k\u00a0pilotn\u00edmu \u00fazem\u00ed Starovick\u00e9ho potoka;<\/li>\n<li>\u010dasoprostorov\u00e1 (p\u0159ed\/po + kontrola p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch vliv\u016f) \u2013 tato strategie p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 monitoring p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm realizace opat\u0159en\u00ed na dvou m\u00edstech (nad opat\u0159en\u00edm a\u00a0v\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011brov\u00e9m profilu pl\u00e1novan\u00e9ho opat\u0159en\u00ed); n\u00e1sledn\u011b se po realizaci opat\u0159en\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u00ed monitoring op\u011bt na t\u011bchto dvou m\u00edstech; tento zp\u016fsob je nejv\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje pomoc\u00ed kontroln\u00edho profilu nad opat\u0159en\u00edm odli\u0161it zm\u011bny ve spole\u010denstvech v\u00a0\u010dase a\u00a0zm\u011bny vznikl\u00e9 jako d\u016fsledek realizace opat\u0159en\u00ed; takto je nastaveno sledov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny pilotn\u00edch \u00fazem\u00ed a\u00a0bylo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed zad\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u00fakolu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Takto navr\u017een\u00e9 monitorovac\u00ed aktivity umo\u017en\u00ed kvantifikovat dopady realizac\u00ed n\u00e1pravn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci n\u011bkolika p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00fdch studi\u00ed. N\u00e1sledn\u011b bude mo\u017en\u00e9 dopady opat\u0159en\u00ed porovnat se z\u00e1v\u011bry dokumentu Hodnocen\u00ed efektivity p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed uveden\u00e9 v\u00a0<em>Metodick\u00e9m n\u00e1vodu na v\u00fdb\u011br vhodn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b<\/em>. M\u011blo by b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 vyhodnotit efektivitu opat\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0vynalo\u017een\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky na realizaci a\u00a0\u00fadr\u017ebu sledovan\u00e9ho opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Erozn\u00ed monitoring a\u00a0vodn\u00ed re\u017eim p\u016fd<\/h2>\n<p>P\u016fda je jednou ze slo\u017eek \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou suchem postihov\u00e1ny nejv\u00edce. Na druhou stranu je p\u016fdn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed d\u00edky sv\u00e9 schopnosti zadr\u017eovat vodu velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 s\u00a0ohledem na mo\u017enosti tlumen\u00ed ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch dopad\u016f sucha, a\u00a0to v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch aspekt\u016f. Schopnost zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy zadr\u017eovat vodu je determinov\u00e1na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi podm\u00ednkami, v\u00fdznamnou m\u011brou je v\u0161ak ovlivn\u011bn\u00e1 zp\u016fsobem hospoda\u0159en\u00ed i\u00a0na typy opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou na n\u00ed z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f aplikov\u00e1na. Kvantifikace vlivu jednotliv\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed na hydrologick\u00fd re\u017eim p\u016fd je do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry nejist\u00e1 a\u00a0je zpravidla zalo\u017eena na p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b empirick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstupech a\u00a0metod\u00e1ch. M\u00edra nejistoty takov\u00e9hoto posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed je nav\u00edc vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bn klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-4.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-5262];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"259\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5203 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-4-300x97.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-4-768x249.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/259;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 4. Monitorovac\u00ed strategie: \u010dasov\u00e1, prostorov\u00e1 a\u00a0\u010dasoprostorov\u00e1<\/h6>\n<p>Pro pot\u0159eby kvalifikovan\u00e9ho posouzen\u00ed vlivu jednotliv\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed s\u00a0uva\u017eovan\u00fdm pozitivn\u00edm dopadem ve vztahu k\u00a0p\u016fdn\u00edmu suchu je v\u00a0podstat\u011b nezbytn\u00e9, aby byl zaveden a\u00a0provozov\u00e1n dlouhodob\u00fd monitoring sleduj\u00edc\u00ed projevy sucha v\u00a0p\u016fd\u011b a\u00a0celkov\u011b zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 p\u016fdn\u00ed charakteristiky. Jeliko\u017e tento monitoring m\u00e1 za c\u00edl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zhodnotit dopady jednotliv\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, je nutn\u00e9 jej zav\u00e9st je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed aplikac\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, aby byla k\u00a0dispozici referen\u010dn\u00ed data. Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee p\u016fdn\u00ed sucho nen\u00ed izolovan\u00fdm jevem, ale spad\u00e1 do hydrologick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu p\u016fd jako celku, je i\u00a0v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b experiment\u00e1ln\u00edho ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti jednotliv\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed zapot\u0159eb\u00ed, aby byl monitorov\u00e1n vodn\u00ed re\u017eim v\u00a0cel\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159i v\u010detn\u011b monitoringu pr\u016fvodn\u00edch jev\u016f spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch zejm\u00e9na ve zm\u011bn\u00e1ch vlastnost\u00ed p\u016fdn\u00edho povrchu \u010di ve zm\u011bn\u00e1ch obsahu r\u016fzn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v\u00a0p\u016fd\u011b. Z\u00a0t\u011bchto d\u016fvod\u016f bylo iniciov\u00e1no zaveden\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9ho monitoringu p\u016fdn\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed a\u00a0proces\u016f na vybran\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch. Pro pot\u0159eby tohoto v\u00fdzkumu byly zvoleny lokality, ve kter\u00fdch je z\u0159\u00edzen monitoring hydrologick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu v\u00a0hydrografick\u00e9 s\u00edti, a\u00a0to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0toho d\u016fvodu, \u017ee vodn\u00ed re\u017eim p\u016fd a\u00a0vodn\u00ed re\u017eim vodn\u00edch tok\u016f jsou \u00fazce prov\u00e1z\u00e1ny. Ke komplexn\u00edmu posouzen\u00ed dopad\u016f aplikovan\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed na vodn\u00ed re\u017eim p\u016fd je tedy d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zn\u00e1t i\u00a0dopady na re\u017eim vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a\u00a0naopak.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00a0ohledem na p\u0159edm\u011bt monitoringu byly vybr\u00e1ny konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pozemky a\u00a0p\u016fdn\u00ed bloky, kter\u00e9 budou dlouhodob\u011b sledov\u00e1ny. Monitoring byl iniciov\u00e1n ve t\u0159ech lokalit\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Or\u00e1\u010dov (Lupofyt, s. r. o.),<\/li>\n<li>Li\u0161any (Lupofyt, s. r. o.),<\/li>\n<li>Bulhary (Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 dru\u017estvo Bulhary).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dosud byly kompletn\u011b provedeny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dinnosti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ter\u00e9nn\u00ed pr\u016fzkum a\u00a0pozemn\u00ed monitoring sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho stavu a\u00a0erozn\u00edch projev\u016f,<\/li>\n<li>stanoven\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch hydropedologick\u00fdch charakteristik sledovan\u00fdch lokalit,<\/li>\n<li>vytipov\u00e1n\u00ed vhodn\u00fdch profil\u016f pro dlouhodob\u00fd erozn\u00ed monitoring,<\/li>\n<li>inici\u00e1ln\u00ed RGB monitoring pomoc\u00ed UAV (dron\u016f),<\/li>\n<li>zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0prim\u00e1rn\u00ed anal\u00fdza vhodn\u00fdch dru\u017eicov\u00fdch dat,<\/li>\n<li>z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9ho monitoringu hydrologick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu p\u016fdy,<\/li>\n<li>opakovan\u00fd RGB monitoring pomoc\u00ed UAV.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm textu jsou dosud vykonan\u00e9 aktivity praktick\u00e9ho charakteru pops\u00e1ny podrobn\u011bji.<\/p>\n<p>Na v\u0161ech t\u0159ech lokalit\u00e1ch byly identifikov\u00e1ny erozn\u00ed projevy ji\u017e b\u011bhem inici\u00e1ln\u00edho ter\u00e9nn\u00edho monitoringu v\u00a0listopadu 2017. Na lokalit\u011b Bulhary byly pozorov\u00e1ny pouze projevy dlouhodob\u00e9ho plo\u0161n\u00e9ho odnosu projevuj\u00edc\u00ed se barevnou zm\u011bnou orni\u010dn\u00edho horizontu. Plo\u0161n\u00fd rozsah uveden\u00fdch zm\u011bn byl p\u0159esn\u011b identifikov\u00e1n bezkontaktn\u00edm UAV monitoringem (viz d\u00e1le). Na lokalit\u011b Li\u0161any byly zam\u011b\u0159eny i\u00a0rozsahy vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch erozn\u00edch forem, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b r\u00fdhov\u00e1 eroze, nicm\u00e9n\u011b nejednalo se o\u00a0n\u00e1sledek konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed epizody s\u00a0identifikovatelnou odezvou. Nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed projevy r\u00fdhov\u00e9 eroze byly p\u0159i pozemn\u00edm monitoringu zaznamen\u00e1ny na lokalit\u011b Or\u00e1\u010dov v\u00a0profilech drah soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9ho odtoku, kde bylo mo\u017eno tyto projevy o\u010dek\u00e1vat (<em>obr. 5<\/em>). Lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee tyto projevy v\u00a0porostu ozim\u00e9 \u0159epky byly iniciov\u00e1ny intenzivn\u00edmi sr\u00e1\u017ekami v\u00a0letn\u00edm obdob\u00ed ihned po zaset\u00ed. D\u016fsledkem smyvu je i\u00a0nerovnom\u011brn\u00fd vegeta\u010dn\u00ed pokryv a\u00a0zapojen\u00ed porostu. Lze konstatovat, \u017ee ozim\u00e1 \u0159epka je pro tuto erozn\u011b n\u00e1chylnou lokalitu nevhodnou plodinou. Rovn\u011b\u017e zde byly zaznamen\u00e1ny projevy odnosu v\u00a0predisponovan\u00fdch drah\u00e1ch kolejov\u00fdch \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f, co\u017e je obvykl\u00fd urychluj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dinitel, pokud nen\u00ed zaji\u0161t\u011bn pohyb zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch stroj\u016f po vrstevnici.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-5.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-5262];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"1099\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5205 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-5.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-5-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-5-768x1055.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-5-745x1024.jpg 745w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/1099;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 5. Erozn\u00ed r\u00fdha v\u00a0predisponovan\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze kolejov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dku na lokalit\u011b Or\u00e1\u010dov (listopad 2017)<\/h6>\n<p>Pozemn\u00ed monitoring byl d\u00e1le konfrontov\u00e1n s\u00a0daty UAV po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdmi b\u011bhem periodick\u00fdch n\u00e1let\u016f, op\u011bt se zde projevil v\u00fdznam bezkontaktn\u00edho sn\u00edmkov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b \u0161ikm\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f povrchu, kdy lze jevy pozemn\u00edho monitoringu zasadit do kontextu cel\u00e9ho pozemku a\u00a0up\u0159esnit jejich plo\u0161n\u00fd rozsah. Na v\u0161ech lokalit\u00e1ch byly projevy pozemn\u00edho a\u00a0bezkontaktn\u00edho monitoringu ve vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 shod\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bn p\u016fdn\u00edch charakteristik je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro pot\u0159eby posouzen\u00ed jednak v\u00fdvoje p\u016fdy s\u00a0ohledem na zm\u011bnu klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek a\u00a0jednak ve vztahu k\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed efektivity opat\u0159en\u00ed aplikovan\u00fdch na sledovan\u00fdch pozemc\u00edch. Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed je v\u00a0tomto vztahu pedologick\u00fd popis p\u016fd v\u010detn\u011b jejich za\u0159azen\u00ed k\u00a0p\u016fdn\u00edm typ\u016fm. Pr\u016fzkum orientovan\u00fd na popis p\u016fdn\u00edch typ\u016f v\u00a0dan\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch odpov\u00edd\u00e1 postupu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9mu p\u0159i bonitaci p\u016fd a\u00a0zahrnuje tedy ur\u010den\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch diagnostick\u00fdch p\u016fdn\u00edch horizont\u016f a\u00a0jejich popis a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b zat\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho profilu k\u00a0p\u016fdn\u00edmu typu a\u00a0subtypu. Ur\u010den\u00ed p\u016fdn\u00edch typ\u016f je pom\u011brn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9, a\u00a0proto je vhodn\u00e9 volit body, v\u00a0nich\u017e jsou prov\u00e1d\u011bny sondy, velmi pe\u010dliv\u011b. V\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byl zvolen postup v\u00fdb\u011bru bod\u016f pro sond\u00e1\u017e tak, aby byly pokryty jak lokality, kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0odnosu p\u016fdn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stic, tak lokality, kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0jejich ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u011b byla definov\u00e1na pot\u0159eba proveden\u00ed sond i\u00a0p\u0159\u00edmo ve v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch \u00fadolnic\u00edch, kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed povrchov\u00e9ho odtoku.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou charakteristikou, kter\u00e1 byla vybr\u00e1na ke dlouhodob\u00e9mu sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, je zrnitostn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed p\u016fd. To se ur\u010duje pomoc\u00ed zrnitostn\u00edho rozboru prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9ho v\u00a0laboratorn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch na poru\u0161en\u00fdch vzorc\u00edch odebran\u00fdch v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch bodech. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zrnitostn\u00edho slo\u017een\u00ed je vhodn\u00e9 sledovat jak zrnitost povrchov\u00e9 vrstvy p\u016fdy, tak ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch p\u016fdn\u00edch horizont\u016f. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci tohoto v\u00fdzkumu byla zvolena kombinace vzorkov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00a0povrchu ve v\u0161ech bodech se vzorkov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00a0hloubce cca 40\u2008cm pod povrchem ve vybran\u00fdch bodech. Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed vzork\u016f je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed koordinovat s\u00a0m\u00edsty prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed sond pro stanoven\u00ed p\u016fdn\u00edch typ\u016f, av\u0161ak v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bylo rozhodnuto o\u00a0zhu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b vzork\u016f tak, aby l\u00e9pe pokr\u00fdvaly cel\u00e1 z\u00e1jmov\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0159et\u00edm typem rozbor\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly vybr\u00e1ny jako pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro komplexn\u00ed popis stavu p\u016fdy v\u00a0z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch, je stanoven\u00ed vybran\u00fdch chemick\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f. Zvoleny byly n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed ukazatele:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>celkov\u00fd fosfor (P<sub>celk<\/sub>),<\/li>\n<li>biologicky dostupn\u00fd fosfor podle Mehlich III (P<sub>M3<\/sub>),<\/li>\n<li>celkov\u00fd organick\u00fd uhl\u00edk (TOC).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pro vhodn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br bod\u016f k\u00a0monitoringu byly nejprve provedeny z\u00e1kladn\u00ed GIS anal\u00fdzy morfologick\u00fdch a\u00a0p\u016fdn\u00edch pom\u011br\u016f, tedy sklonitostn\u00ed rozbor, anal\u00fdza drah soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9ho odtoku, rozbor BPEJ. D\u00e1le byly v\u0161echny t\u0159i lokality vyhodnoceny erozn\u00edm modelem WaTEM\/SEDEM p\u0159i nastaven\u00ed dlouhodob\u00fdch pr\u016fm\u011br\u016f hodnot sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho klimatu a\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch osevn\u00edch postup\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdmi subjekty v\u00a0dan\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch. C\u00edlem modelov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo popsat prostorov\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 eroze a\u00a0depozice v\u00a0plo\u0161e pozemk\u016f, aby bylo mo\u017eno odebrat vzorky v\u00a0reprezentativn\u00edch profilech a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b v\u00fdsledky interpolovat optim\u00e1ln\u011b do plochy pozemku. Rovn\u011b\u017e tak byly vytipov\u00e1ny p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed trajektorie a\u00a0potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed intenzita transportu sedimentu na pozemc\u00edch (<em>obr. 6<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Body pro odb\u011bry byly p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u011b vybr\u00e1ny s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm mapov\u00fdch podklad\u016f a\u00a0v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu ter\u00e9nn\u00edch prac\u00ed byly up\u0159esn\u011bny s\u00a0ohledem na m\u00edstn\u00ed podm\u00ednky tak, aby co nejl\u00e9pe pokryly variabilitu jednotliv\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pr\u016fzkumu byly n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dinnosti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>rekognoskace \u00fazem\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00fdb\u011br um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed p\u016fdn\u00edch sond za \u00fa\u010delem posouzen\u00ed intenzity erozn\u00edch proces\u016f na lokalit\u011b,<\/li>\n<li>pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed bylo navr\u017eeno proveden\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edch pedologick\u00fdch vrt\u016f pro ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed mocnosti akumulace transportovan\u00fdch p\u016fdn\u00edch horizont\u016f, a\u00a0odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed po\u010det sond p\u016fdn\u00ed jehlou pro zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mocnost\u00ed hum\u00f3zn\u00edch horizont\u016f posti\u017een\u00fdch i\u00a0neposti\u017een\u00fdch erozn\u00edmi procesy,<\/li>\n<li>klasifikace a\u00a0zat\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed p\u016fd podle platn\u00fdch norem (Taxonomick\u00fd klasifika\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m p\u016fd \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky [2]; Metodika mapov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0aktualizace bonitovan\u00fdch p\u016fdn\u011b ekologick\u00fdch jednotek [3]),<\/li>\n<li>stanoven\u00ed mocnosti orni\u010dn\u00ed vrstvy a\u00a0hum\u00f3zn\u00edch horizont\u016f, posouzen\u00ed hydromorfismu p\u016fd, ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti karbon\u00e1t\u016f v\u00a0p\u016fdn\u00edm profilu, ur\u010den\u00ed p\u016fdotvorn\u00e9ho substr\u00e1tu,<\/li>\n<li>posouzen\u00ed pedologick\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edm\u00fd a\u00a0bezkontaktn\u00ed monitoring erozn\u011b transportn\u00edch projev\u016f je d\u00e1le dopln\u011bn o\u00a0dlouhodob\u00fd sb\u011br a\u00a0vyhodnocen\u00ed voln\u011b dostupn\u00fdch dru\u017eicov\u00fdch dat (Landsat 8 a\u00a0Sentinel 2), je\u017e slou\u017e\u00ed jako podklad pro ur\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdvoje vegeta\u010dn\u00edho krytu a\u00a0rozsahu hol\u00fdch p\u016fd b\u011bhem vegeta\u010dn\u00edch sezon.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je na uveden\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch z\u0159\u00edzen rovn\u011b\u017e monitoring vodn\u00edho re\u017eimu p\u016fdy, kter\u00fd poskytne informace o\u00a0saturaci p\u016fdn\u00edho profilu b\u011bhem iniciace p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch erozn\u011b odtokov\u00fdch epizod a\u00a0samoz\u0159ejm\u011b poslou\u017e\u00ed jako podklad pro hodnocen\u00ed retence vody v\u00a0p\u016fdn\u00edm profilu i\u00a0pro popis rychlosti zm\u011bn vlhkosti b\u011bhem n\u00e1stupu sucha, op\u011bt p\u0159ed i\u00a0po realizaci p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00a0tomuto \u00fa\u010delu bylo v\u00a0t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi v\u00fdzkumu rozhodnuto osadit na ka\u017ed\u00e9 ze t\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch lokalit dv\u011b hn\u00edzda vlhkostn\u00edch \u010didel. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 z\u00a0t\u011bchto hn\u00edzd obsahuje t\u0159i vlhkostn\u00ed \u010didla pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bhu vlhkost\u00ed v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch hloubk\u00e1ch pro monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edho re\u017eimu p\u016fdn\u00edho profilu. Prvn\u00ed \u010didlo je ve v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpadech osazeno v\u00a0povrchov\u00e9 vrstv\u011b p\u016fdy, kter\u00e1 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 ornici, dal\u0161\u00ed pak jsou instalov\u00e1na s\u00a0ohledem na mocnosti dal\u0161\u00edch vrstev p\u016fdy. Z\u00a0technick\u00e9ho hlediska bylo nutno hn\u00edzda um\u00edstit tak, aby v\u00a0nich mohlo m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed prob\u00edhat kontinu\u00e1ln\u011b a\u00a0aby nebylo nutno \u010didla odstra\u0148ovat a\u00a0znovu osazovat v\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti na jednotliv\u00e9 agrotechnick\u00e9 operace, kter\u00e9 by mohly \u010didla po\u0161kodit.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-6.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-5262];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"350\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5207 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-6.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-6-300x131.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Beran-6-768x336.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/350;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 6. Trajektorie potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho transportu sedimentu po pozemku a\u00a0body odb\u011bru vzork\u016f (Bulhary)<\/h6>\n<p>B\u011bhem podzimu 2017 a\u00a0jara 2018 byly provedeny na v\u0161ech z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch \u010dinnosti vedouc\u00ed k\u00a0popisu p\u016fdn\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed a\u00a0predispozice pozemk\u016f ke zm\u011bn\u00e1m p\u016fsoben\u00fdm vodn\u00edm re\u017eimem, povrchov\u00fdm i\u00a0podpovrchov\u00fdm odtokem a\u00a0vodn\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v\u011btrnou eroz\u00ed. Bylo nashrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bno zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dat a\u00a0\u00fadaj\u016f o\u00a0monitorovan\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch a\u00a0vyvozeny prvn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bry. Rovn\u011b\u017e byly iniciov\u00e1ny \u010dasosb\u011brn\u00e9 \u0159ady popisuj\u00edc\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav a\u00a0erozn\u00ed i\u00a0odtokov\u00e9 projevy.<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n<p>Pro mo\u017enost vyhodnocen\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nosti p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed v\u00a0zaveden\u00e9m komplexn\u00edm monitoringu pokra\u010dovat dlouhodob\u011b, minim\u00e1ln\u011b 3\u20135 let, ide\u00e1ln\u011b a\u017e 10 let po realizaci opat\u0159en\u00ed. Zejm\u00e9na proto, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 na re\u00e1ln\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch datech vyhodnotit skute\u010dn\u00e9 dopady opat\u0159en\u00ed na zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b, hydrologick\u00fd re\u017eim, erozn\u00ed projevy a\u00a0na jednotliv\u00e9 slo\u017eky a\u00a0ukazatele hodnocen\u00ed stavu, v\u010detn\u011b ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed dopad\u016f na vodn\u00ed organismy a\u00a0identifikovat v\u00fdkyvy dopad\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee do\u010dasn\u011b zp\u016fsobit resilience vodn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p><em>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vznikl v r\u00e1mci \u00fakol\u016f \u0159e\u0161en\u00fdch pro Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As part of the Drought project, a comprehensive monitoring of watercourses and land in their catchment areas was launched in the Czech Republic to assess the impact of the implementation of revitalization actions to protect against the effects of drought.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5212,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,86],"tags":[885,882,1403,843],"coauthors":[124,173,172,692,235],"class_list":["post-5262","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","category-hydraulics-hydrology-and-hydrogeology","tag-lack-of-water","tag-measures","tag-revitalize","tag-watercourse"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5262","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5262"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5262\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30473,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5262\/revisions\/30473"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5212"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5262"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5262"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5262"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=5262"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}