{"id":5253,"date":"2018-10-09T08:31:27","date_gmt":"2018-10-09T07:31:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=5253"},"modified":"2024-07-16T14:34:00","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T13:34:00","slug":"seminar-dry-period-2014-2017-evaluation-impacts-and-measures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2018\/10\/seminar-dry-period-2014-2017-evaluation-impacts-and-measures\/","title":{"rendered":"Seminar Dry Period 2014\u20132017: Evaluation, impacts and measures"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

Dne 30. kv\u011btna se na Novotn\u00e9ho l\u00e1vce v\u00a0Praze uskute\u010dnil semin\u00e1\u0159 Such\u00e9 obdob\u00ed 2014\u20132017: vyhodnocen\u00ed, dopady a\u00a0opat\u0159en\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd \u010ceskou v\u011bdeckotechnickou vodohospod\u00e1\u0159skou spole\u010dnost\u00ed ve spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0\u010cesk\u00fdm hydrometeorologick\u00fdm \u00fastavem a\u00a0V\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm \u00fastavem vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm T.\u00a0G. Masaryka,\u00a0v.\u00a0v.\u00a0i.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Program semin\u00e1\u0159e zahrnoval celkem 12 hlavn\u00edch prezentac\u00ed dopln\u011bn\u00fdch p\u011bti mikro-prezentacemi a\u00a0diskus\u00ed. T\u00e9mata prezentac\u00ed zahrnovala vyhodnocen\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek a\u00a0odtok\u016f v\u00a0obdob\u00ed 2014\u20132017 a\u00a0jejich srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0historick\u00fdmi epizodami, informace o\u00a0legislativn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00edch p\u0159ijat\u00fdch po roce 2015 v\u00a0reakci na sucho v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, jejich\u017e realizace dosud prob\u00edh\u00e1. D\u00e1le byly p\u0159edstaveny n\u011bkter\u00e9 hodnotic\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 vznikly jako informa\u010dn\u00ed podpora pro zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sucha.<\/p>\n

Poznatky ze semin\u00e1\u0159e<\/h2>\n

Such\u00e9 obdob\u00ed posledn\u00edch let se v\u00fdrazn\u011b projevilo zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0podob\u011b velmi mal\u00fdch odtok\u016f, tedy v\u00a0podob\u011b hydrologick\u00e9ho sucha. Na n\u011bkter\u00fdch toc\u00edch se jednalo o\u00a0nejmen\u0161\u00ed odtokov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed za t\u0159\u00ed a\u017e \u010dty\u0159let\u00e9 obdob\u00ed od za\u010d\u00e1tku pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016ftok\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad na Lu\u017enici byl zaznamen\u00e1n v\u016fbec nejmen\u0161\u00ed 30denn\u00ed pr\u016ftok od roku 1911. Ale p\u0159esto existuj\u00ed paralely d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed (1858\u20131875) i\u00a0relativn\u011b ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 (1989\u20131994) ukazuj\u00edc\u00ed na del\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0je\u0161t\u011b extr\u00e9mn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 periody trv\u00e1n\u00ed sucha. Probl\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd je nutno uva\u017eovat dnes, je obecn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplota vzduchu, kter\u00e1 zv\u011bt\u0161uje potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed evapotranspiraci a\u00a0z\u00a0hlediska vzniku a\u00a0rozvoje sucha je nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdm faktorem.<\/p>\n

Diskuse o\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1ch sucha i\u00a0o\u00a0mo\u017en\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00edch uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee st\u00e1le m\u00e1me i\u00a0v\u00a0odborn\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti tendenci toto t\u00e9ma pon\u011bkud polarizovat \u2013 stav\u011bt do protikladu plo\u0161n\u00e1 a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0krajin\u011b v\u016f\u010di struktur\u00e1ln\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm na vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na v\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00fdm vodn\u00edm n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edm. Bohu\u017eel se zd\u00e1, \u017ee lid\u00e9, a\u00a0to i\u00a0odborn\u00edci, maj\u00ed nejsp\u00ed\u0161 sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed preference p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f, kter\u00e9 je vedou k\u00a0up\u0159ednost\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho \u010di druh\u00e9ho typu opat\u0159en\u00ed. A\u00a0i\u00a0kdy\u017e se jich v\u011bt\u0161ina shodne na nutnosti jejich kombinace v\u00a0r\u00e1mci integrovan\u00e9ho managementu vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, st\u00e1le chyb\u00ed pochopen\u00ed toho, \u017ee zde nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ustavena \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 obecn\u011b platn\u00e1 hierarchie t\u011bchto opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Co je toho p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou?<\/h2>\n

Na jednu stranu m\u00e1me \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, \u017ee na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 postavili \u0159adu technick\u00fdch staveb zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch n\u00e1m zdroje vody \u2013 a\u00a0nen\u00ed bez zaj\u00edmavosti, \u017ee se n\u00e1dr\u017ee stav\u011bly v\u017edy s\u00a0odstupem po epizod\u011b sucha. Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje \u017e\u00edt ve vodn\u00edm blahobytu, kdy z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed vodou je pro t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny obyvatele bez probl\u00e9m\u016f zaji\u0161t\u011bno. Jen\u017ee ji\u017e des\u00edtky let se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 nov\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e nepostavila, a\u00a0proces p\u0159\u00edpravy jejich v\u00fdstavby je natolik dlouh\u00fd a\u00a0komplikovan\u00fd, \u017ee v\u00a0nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 nov\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e nejsp\u00ed\u0161e nevznikne. \u010c\u00e1st odborn\u00edk\u016f tak propad\u00e1 beznad\u011bji a\u00a0vid\u00ed pot\u0159ebu p\u0159\u00edpravy nov\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed jako nutnou prioritu a\u00a0nejkriti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fd probl\u00e9m, kdy bez pos\u00edlen\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f vody nov\u00fdmi n\u00e1dr\u017eemi m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1\u0161 sou\u010dasn\u00fd vodn\u00ed blahobyt skon\u010dit.<\/p>\n

Naopak dost ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e1 situace, kterou jsme si ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e zp\u016fsobili sami, je v\u00a0podob\u011b stavu krajiny. Velk\u00e9 spojit\u00e9 l\u00e1ny, utu\u017een\u00ed p\u016fd, nevhodn\u00e9 meliorace; v\u00fdsledkem toho v\u0161eho je n\u00e1r\u016fst eroze, ztr\u00e1ta humusu a\u00a0reten\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti p\u016fd a\u00a0vysych\u00e1n\u00ed krajiny. Opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0krajin\u011b jsou proto nezbytn\u00e1 a\u00a0spr\u00e1vn\u011b byla identifikov\u00e1na jako priorita v\u00a0N\u00e1rodn\u00edm ak\u010dn\u00edm pl\u00e1nu adaptace na zm\u011bnu klimatu. P\u0159esto se situace v\u00a0re\u00e1lu zat\u00edm nijak dramaticky k\u00a0lep\u0161\u00edmu nezm\u011bnila. Zoufalstv\u00ed tak pad\u00e1 i\u00a0na jinou \u010d\u00e1st odborn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed vid\u00ed toto jako nutnou prioritu a\u00a0nejkriti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fd probl\u00e9m i\u00a0pro ot\u00e1zku sucha.<\/p>\n

Ale krajinn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee \u0159e\u0161\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 jin\u00fd probl\u00e9m, nen\u00ed mezi nimi \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 po\u0159ad\u00ed v\u00fdznamnosti. Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed toti\u017e sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na jin\u00e9 projevy sucha a\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00e9 jeho dopady \u2013 p\u016fdu, vegetaci a\u00a0jakost podzemn\u00edch vod v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b krajinn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, vodn\u00ed toky a\u00a0zdroje vody pro z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. Sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed tak\u00e9 na r\u016fzn\u00e1 prostorov\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka \u2013 lok\u00e1ln\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00ed mikroklimatu, bohatstv\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f a\u00a0krajinn\u00e9ho vzhledu v\u00a0prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b a\u00a0na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed objem\u016f vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f v\u00a0nadregion\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b druh\u00e9m. Dot\u00fdkaj\u00ed se i\u00a0jin\u00e9ho \u010dasov\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka \u2013 kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9ho sucha a\u00a0ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 produkce, na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 dlouhodob\u00e9ho sucha a\u00a0jeho p\u0159eklenut\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed jist\u011b zvy\u0161uj\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00ed kvalitu \u017eivota, druh\u00e1 co nejkomfortn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed kritick\u00fdch situac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Krajinn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee proto nestoj\u00ed proti sob\u011b, nestoj\u00ed ani za sebou, ale jen a\u00a0pouze vedle sebe a\u00a0vhodn\u011b se dopl\u0148uj\u00ed. Podmi\u0148ovat jedno opat\u0159en\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee k\u00a0n\u011bmu bude p\u0159istoupeno, a\u017e pokud nebude sta\u010dit jin\u00e9, by bylo bl\u00e1znovstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Uv\u011bdomme si, \u017ee \u017eivot ve vodn\u00edm blahobytu je tak\u00e9 zr\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00a0tom, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017eeme bez dopad\u016f p\u0159e\u010dkat obdob\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho sucha, dok\u00e1\u017eeme p\u0159e\u010dkat i\u00a0siln\u00e9 sucho a\u00a0z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me pocit uspokojen\u00ed, \u017ee jsme proti suchu odoln\u00ed. A\u00a0t\u00edm paradoxn\u011b zvy\u0161ujeme svou zranitelnost suchem opravdu extr\u00e9mn\u00edm, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ekon\u00e1 meze na\u0161\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 odolnosti. A\u017e p\u0159ijde, budeme zasko\u010deni, a\u00a0o\u00a0to tvrd\u0161\u00ed budou jeho dopady.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On the 30th of May, the Dry Period 2014\u20132017 seminar took place at the Novotn\u00e9ho l\u00e1vka in Prague: evaluations, impacts and measures organized by the Czech Scientific and Technical Water Management Company in cooperation with the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute and the TGM Water Research Institute.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5254,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[121,1401,885,882,286],"coauthors":[1375],"class_list":["post-5253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","tag-drought","tag-impacts-of-climate-change","tag-lack-of-water","tag-measures","tag-seminar"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5253","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5253"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5253\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30471,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5253\/revisions\/30471"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5254"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5253"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5253"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5253"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=5253"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}