{"id":5241,"date":"2018-10-09T08:31:45","date_gmt":"2018-10-09T07:31:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=5241"},"modified":"2024-07-16T14:38:34","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T13:38:34","slug":"catalogue-of-green-water-retention-measures-in-the-landscape-and-its-application-in-the-web-map-application","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2018\/10\/catalogue-of-green-water-retention-measures-in-the-landscape-and-its-application-in-the-web-map-application\/","title":{"rendered":"Catalogue of green water retention measures in the landscape and its application in the web map application"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

Souhrn<\/h2>\n

Katalog p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0v\u00fdstup\u016f \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed problematiky sucha v\u00a0gesci Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem bylo sestavit soubor opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou vhodn\u00e1 pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed retence vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 nemaj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd negativn\u00ed vliv na ekologick\u00fd stav vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f. Tento katalog p\u0159edstavuje metodickou pom\u016fcku pro n\u00e1vrhy syst\u00e9m\u016f opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159i adaptaci \u00fazem\u00ed na projevy extr\u00e9mn\u00edch hydrologick\u00fdch situac\u00ed \u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sucha a\u00a0povodn\u00ed. Jednotliv\u00e9 katalogov\u00e9 listy popisuj\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby realizace a\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho shrnut\u00ed jejich p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch vliv\u016f na slo\u017eky \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u00a0spole\u010dnost. Katalog by m\u011bl napomoci k\u00a0jednotn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b, n\u00e1vrhu a\u00a0realizaci \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci hydrologick\u00fdch celk\u016f. Pro podporu realizace opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0plo\u0161e povod\u00ed a\u00a0na vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch a\u00a0za \u00fa\u010delem pos\u00edlen\u00ed osv\u011bty ve\u0159ejnosti byla v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0katalogem opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ipravena interaktivn\u00ed webov\u00e1 mapov\u00e1 aplikace Typov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b, kde jsou na vzorov\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch navr\u017eeny komplexn\u00ed soubory opat\u0159en\u00ed s\u00a0popisem jejich o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

Sucho je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0projev\u016f glob\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu. Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0do\u010dasn\u00fd p\u0159irozen\u00fd jev, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k\u00a0nedostatku vody, kdy po\u017eadavky na u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f p\u0159esahuj\u00ed jejich p\u0159irozenou dlouhodobou obnovitelnost. M\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed podm\u00ednky spolu se zm\u011bnami socioekonomick\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f vedou k\u00a0rostouc\u00edmu tlaku na pot\u0159ebu vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, a\u00a0ty v\u00a0mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech ji\u017e nedosta\u010duj\u00ed pot\u0159eb\u00e1m. \u0158ada st\u00e1t\u016f proto p\u0159ijala strategick\u00e9 dokumenty definuj\u00edc\u00ed soubor adapta\u010dn\u00edch a\u00a0mitiga\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u016f\u010di projev\u016fm klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn, v\u010detn\u011b nedostatku vody.<\/p>\n

Na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky se do budoucna o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b stejn\u00fd ro\u010dn\u00ed \u00fahrn sr\u00e1\u017eek v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0minul\u00fdmi obdob\u00edmi, m\u011bn\u00ed se v\u0161ak jejich charakter a\u00a0distribuce v\u00a0\u010dase i\u00a0prostoru. Lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010detnost hydrologick\u00fdch extr\u00e9m\u016f \u2013 p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek a\u00a0povodn\u00ed a\u00a0zejm\u00e9na obdob\u00ed sucha [1].<\/p>\n

Vl\u00e1da \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky iniciovala v\u00a0roce 2015 sv\u00fdm usnesen\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpravu realizace opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed negativn\u00edch dopad\u016f sucha a\u00a0nedostatku vody, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1sledn\u011b vy\u00fastila ke schv\u00e1len\u00ed strategick\u00e9ho dokumentu Koncepce ochrany p\u0159ed n\u00e1sledky sucha pro \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky [2] (d\u00e1le jen Koncepce) dne 24. \u010dervence 2017.<\/p>\n

Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Koncepce, jako jedna z\u00a0jej\u00edch p\u0159\u00edloh, je uveden seznam plo\u0161n\u00fdch a\u00a0liniov\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 a\u00a0lesn\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b a\u00a0opat\u0159en\u00ed na toc\u00edch a\u00a0v\u00a0\u00fadoln\u00edch niv\u00e1ch, kter\u00e1 jsou obecn\u011b vhodn\u00e1 pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed retence vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 zlep\u0161uj\u00ed (nebo alespo\u0148 nezhor\u0161uj\u00ed) ekologick\u00fd stav vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f. V\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti na tento seznam byl zpracov\u00e1n podrobn\u00fd Katalog p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b s\u00a0detailn\u00edm popisem vybran\u00fdch parametr\u016f, charakteristik a\u00a0\u00fa\u010dink\u016f typov\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Katalog p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b<\/h2>\n

Pr\u00e1ce na sestaven\u00ed Katalogu p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b (d\u00e1le jen Katalog) nav\u00e1zaly na v\u00fdstupy projekt\u016f a\u00a0\u00fakol\u016f \u0159e\u0161en\u00fdch pracovn\u00edky V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho T. G. Masaryka,\u00a0v.\u00a0v.\u00a0i. (d\u00e1le jen V\u00daV TGM). Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm projekt Strategie ochrany p\u0159ed negativn\u00edmi dopady povodn\u00ed a\u00a0erozn\u00edmi jevy p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice [3], jeho\u017e v\u00fdsledky jsou publikov\u00e1ny na port\u00e1lu www.vodavkrajine.cz. C\u00edlem projektu byly n\u00e1vrhy komplexn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f protipovod\u0148ov\u00fdch a\u00a0protierozn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0plo\u0161e povod\u00ed na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 i\u00a0lesn\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b a\u00a0opat\u0159en\u00ed na vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch a\u00a0v\u00a0niv\u00e1ch. P\u0159i sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed Katalogu bylo rovn\u011b\u017e vyu\u017eito poznatk\u016f z\u00edskan\u00fdch z\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu Nov\u00e9 postupy optimalizace syst\u00e9m\u016f integrovan\u00e9 ochrany \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00a0kontextu jejich ekonomick\u00e9 udr\u017eitelnosti [4].<\/p>\n

Katalog vych\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 z\u00a0d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch v\u00fdstup\u016f \u00fakol\u016f \u0159e\u0161en\u00fdch pro M\u017dP v\u00a0r\u00e1mci podpory v\u00fdkonu st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy v\u00a0problematice sucho v\u00a0letech 2016\u20132018 [5, 6]. V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu t\u011bchto let byl vypracov\u00e1n seznam opat\u0159en\u00ed na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 a\u00a0lesn\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b a\u00a0na toc\u00edch a\u00a0\u00fadoln\u00edch niv\u00e1ch, kter\u00e1 jsou obecn\u011b vhodn\u00e1 pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed retence vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b. P\u0159i jejich v\u00fdb\u011bru byl kladen d\u016fraz na to, aby tato opat\u0159en\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u011b nezhor\u0161ovala ekologick\u00fd stav vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f.<\/p>\n

Katalog vymezuje p\u011bt druh\u016f opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se d\u00e1le d\u011bl\u00ed na 26 typ\u016f opat\u0159en\u00ed (tabulka 1<\/em>). N\u011bkter\u00e9 typy opat\u0159en\u00ed jsou d\u00e1le \u010dlen\u011bny na detailn\u00ed typy (nap\u0159. pr\u016flehy, p\u0159\u00edkopy) nebo komponenty (nap\u0159. revitalizace). Rovn\u011b\u017e typ opat\u0159en\u00ed mal\u00e9 vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee (d\u00e1le MVN) je rozd\u011blen na detailn\u00ed typy podle \u010cSN Mal\u00e9 vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee [7]. Za\u0159azeny byly ty, kter\u00e9 se uk\u00e1zaly jako vhodn\u00e9 pro zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b. Pro komplexn\u00ed pohled na retenci vody byl Katalog dopln\u011bn o\u00a0dva dal\u0161\u00ed druhy opat\u0159en\u00ed, a\u00a0to agrolesnick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s\u00a0de\u0161\u0165ovou vodou.<\/p>\n

Tabulka 1. Vymezen\u00ed druh\u016f a\u00a0typ\u016f opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0katalogu
\nTable 1. Specification of categories and types of measures in the catalog<\/h5>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

V\u0161echny typy opat\u0159en\u00ed jsou pops\u00e1ny formou jednotn\u00e9ho katalogov\u00e9ho listu (tabulka 2<\/em>), kter\u00fd obsahuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed charakteristiky opat\u0159en\u00ed, popis jejich interakce a\u00a0vlivu na slo\u017eky \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed i\u00a0spole\u010dnost, schematick\u00e9 n\u00e1kresy opat\u0159en\u00ed, fotodokumentaci p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f jejich realizac\u00ed a\u00a0rovn\u011b\u017e \u010dasov\u00e9 hledisko p\u0159\u00edpravy a\u00a0realizace a\u00a0rychlosti dosa\u017een\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9ho efektu jednotliv\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Osnova katalogov\u00e9ho listu je \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b inspirov\u00e1na i\u00a0strukturou katalogu opat\u0159en\u00ed pro pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed [8] podle sm\u011brnice 2000\/60\/ES.<\/p>\n

Celkem bylo vytvo\u0159eno 13 katalogov\u00fdch list\u016f pro opat\u0159en\u00ed na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b a\u00a0samostatn\u00fd list pro MVN. Opat\u0159en\u00ed na lesn\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b jsou uvedena na celkem dev\u00edti katalogov\u00fdch listech a\u00a0pro opat\u0159en\u00ed na toc\u00edch a\u00a0v\u00a0niv\u00e1ch existuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i katalogov\u00e9 listy. Agrolesnick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s\u00a0de\u0161\u0165ovou vodou jsou stru\u010dn\u011b charakterizov\u00e1ny ka\u017ed\u00e9 na jednom list\u011b.<\/p>\n

Tabulka 2. Struktura katalogov\u00e9ho listu
\nTable 2. Structure of the catalog sheet<\/h5>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed prac\u00ed na sestaven\u00ed Katalogu bylo tak\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed z\u00a0hlediska jejich \u00fa\u010dinnosti a\u00a0efektivnosti na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed retence vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b. V\u00fdb\u011br hodnotic\u00edch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed byl koncipov\u00e1n tak, aby zohlednil i\u00a0mo\u017en\u00e9 dopady opat\u0159en\u00ed na ekologick\u00fd stav vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f. Celkem bylo definov\u00e1no \u0161est skupin t\u011bchto krit\u00e9ri\u00ed, pro kter\u00e9 bylo stanoveno od 4 do 6 hodnotic\u00edch hledisek (tabulka\u00a03<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Tabulka 3. Krit\u00e9ria hodnocen\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti opat\u0159en\u00ed
\nTable 3. Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the measure<\/h5>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Slovn\u00ed popis hodnocen\u00ed je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho katalogov\u00e9ho listu a\u00a0odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdsledky semikvantitativn\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed efektivity opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo realizov\u00e1no metodou multikriteri\u00e1ln\u00ed anal\u00fdzy. Toto hodnocen\u00ed je podrobn\u011b pops\u00e1no v\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b V\u00daV TGM, viz [6], a\u00a0v\u00fdsledky ve form\u011b n\u00e1stroje hodnocen\u00ed efektivnosti opat\u0159en\u00ed jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed metodick\u00e9ho n\u00e1vodu [9], kter\u00fd je voln\u011b dostupn\u00fd na port\u00e1lu www.suchovkrajine.cz.<\/p>\n

Katalog je dostupn\u00fd na informa\u010dn\u00edm webov\u00e9m port\u00e1lu Sucho v\u00a0krajin\u011b (http:\/\/suchovkrajine.cz) v\u00a0\u010d\u00e1sti V\u00fdstupy.<\/p>\n

Aplikace Typov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b<\/h2>\n

Soub\u011b\u017en\u011b s\u00a0Katalogem byla p\u0159ipravena webov\u00e1 mapov\u00e1 aplikace Typov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b (d\u00e1le jen Mapov\u00e1 aplikace), kter\u00e1 je postavena na technologi\u00edch programovac\u00edho jazyka R [10] a\u00a0n\u00e1stroj\u016f HTML5 [11]. Jako podklad vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 Mapov\u00e1 aplikace mapy ve form\u00e1tu OpenStreetMap (polohopisn\u00e1 mapa) [12] a\u00a0ortofotomapu \u010c\u00daZK.<\/p>\n

Mapov\u00e1 aplikace je koncipov\u00e1na jako n\u00e1stroj pro podporu realizace opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0plo\u0161e povod\u00ed a\u00a0na vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch a\u00a0za \u00fa\u010delem pos\u00edlen\u00ed informovanosti \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti. Z\u00e1kladem Mapov\u00e9 aplikace je soubor tzv. vzorov\u00fdch lokalit s\u00a0realizovan\u00fdmi nebo navr\u017een\u00fdmi komplexy opat\u0159en\u00ed. Celkem bylo vybr\u00e1no 17\u00a0vzorov\u00fdch lokalit pro opat\u0159en\u00ed na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b a\u00a011 vzorov\u00fdch lokalit pro toky a\u00a0nivy mimo zastav\u011bn\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed. C\u00edlem bylo zvolit co nejr\u016fznorod\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lokality podle charakteru \u00fazem\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 postihnout co nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lu typ\u016f opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 1. Webov\u00e1 mapov\u00e1 aplikace Typov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b
\nFig. 1. Web map application Typical measures for water retention in the landscape<\/h6>\n

Pro ka\u017edou vzorovou lokalitu opat\u0159en\u00ed na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b byly na z\u00e1klad\u011b klastrov\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy sestaveny soubory z\u00e1kladn\u00edch fyzicko-geografick\u00fdch charakteristik vzta\u017een\u00fdch k\u00a0povod\u00edm 4. \u0159\u00e1du. Kombinace hodnot t\u011bchto charakteristik pak umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159i\u0159adit jednu nebo v\u00edce vzorov\u00fdch lokalit k\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdm povod\u00edm 4. \u0159\u00e1du s\u00a0podobn\u00fdmi charakteristikami jako mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b.<\/p>\n

Vzorov\u00e9 lokality na toc\u00edch a\u00a0v\u00a0niv\u00e1ch jsou kategorizov\u00e1ny podle p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti toku do \u0159\u00e1du podle Strahlera v\u00a0kombinaci s\u00a0nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou. Vhodn\u00e9 \u00fapravy tok\u016f v\u00a0intravil\u00e1nu jsou pops\u00e1ny pomoc\u00ed jednoho informa\u010dn\u00edho listu, kter\u00fd uv\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00edce p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f. Vzorov\u00e9 lokality opat\u0159en\u00ed na lesn\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b budou dopln\u011bny v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi tvorby Mapov\u00e9 aplikace.<\/p>\n

U\u017eivatel aplikace m\u016f\u017ee v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edklady vyu\u017e\u00edt pro n\u00e1vrhy syst\u00e9mu opat\u0159en\u00ed, a\u00a0to v\u00a0libovoln\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9 lokalit\u011b v\u00a0\u010cR s\u00a0p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm na charakteristiky a\u00a0pot\u0159eby dan\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed. Mapov\u00e1 aplikace nab\u00eddne u\u017eivateli seznam vzorov\u00fdch lokalit s\u00a0komplexy opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou pro dan\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed jako vzor nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed (obr. 1<\/em>), a\u00a0to na z\u00e1klad\u011b kategorizace popsan\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161e. Ke ka\u017ed\u00e9 vzorov\u00e9 lokalit\u011b je mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00a0aplikaci otev\u0159\u00edt tzv. informa\u010dn\u00ed list lokality, kter\u00fd obsahuje podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed popis lokality, realizovan\u00fdch nebo navr\u017een\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0n\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b popisu jejich \u00fa\u010dink\u016f z\u00a0pohledu zlep\u0161en\u00ed zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b a\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f modelov\u00e1n\u00ed vlivu opat\u0159en\u00ed na objem zadr\u017een\u00e9 vody i\u00a0na jej\u00ed kvalitu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se v\u00a0jednom z\u00a0oken aplikace zobraz\u00ed situa\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1kres um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0prostoru, v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm fotodokumentace, pop\u0159. sch\u00e9ma vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k\u00a0dan\u00e9mu typu opat\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0rovn\u011b\u017e link na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd katalogov\u00fd list.<\/p>\n

Webov\u00e1 mapov\u00e1 aplikace je dostupn\u00e1 na webov\u00e9m port\u00e1le Sucho v\u00a0krajin\u011b (http:\/\/suchovkrajine.cz) v\u00a0\u010d\u00e1sti Mapov\u00e9 kompozice.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

Katalog p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b a\u00a0mapov\u00e1 aplikace Typov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b byly vytvo\u0159eny s\u00a0c\u00edlem p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit problematiku zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed retence vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti. Katalog je ur\u010den jako metodick\u00e1 pom\u016fcka p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro projektanty pozemkov\u00fdch \u00faprav a\u00a0\u00fazemn\u011b pl\u00e1novac\u00edch dokumentac\u00ed, zpracovatele studi\u00ed proveditelnosti, org\u00e1ny st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy a\u00a0samospr\u00e1vy, a\u00a0to s\u00a0c\u00edlem napomoci jednotn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b, n\u00e1vrhu a\u00a0realizaci komplexn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci hydrologick\u00e9ho celku. M\u011bl by se st\u00e1t ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pl\u00e1novac\u00edch proces\u016f, a\u0165 ji\u017e podle sm\u011brnice 2000\/60\/ES nebo sm\u011brnice 2007\/60\/ES, kde by m\u011bl doplnit ji\u017e st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed katalogy opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zejm\u00e9na pro \u0161irokou ve\u0159ejnost je ur\u010dena webov\u00e1 aplikace Typov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b, v\u00a0r\u00e1mci kter\u00e9 u\u017eivatel\u00e9 z\u00edskaj\u00ed p\u0159edstavu, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem je ve vybran\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161it zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b, a\u00a0to prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vybran\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f vhodn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed (nebo syst\u00e9m\u016f opat\u0159en\u00ed) na vzorov\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti je aplikace p\u0159ipravena pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b a\u00a0na toc\u00edch a\u00a0v\u00a0niv\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Postup, jak Katalog i\u00a0Mapovou aplikaci vyu\u017e\u00edt p\u0159i n\u00e1vrz\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, p\u0159edstavuje metodick\u00fd n\u00e1vod na v\u00fdb\u011br vhodn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b\u00a0[9]. Tento metodick\u00fd n\u00e1vod by m\u011bl napomoci k\u00a0jednotn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b, n\u00e1vrhu a\u00a0zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci hydrologick\u00e9ho celku.<\/p>\n

Oba p\u0159edstavovan\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed webov\u00e9ho port\u00e1lu \u201eSucho v\u00a0krajin\u011b\u201c, kter\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed jako informa\u010dn\u00ed platforma o\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch kroc\u00edch sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch k\u00a0napl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f definovan\u00fdch v\u00a0Koncepci ochrany p\u0159ed n\u00e1sledky sucha pro \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky schv\u00e1len\u00fdm vl\u00e1dou \u010cR v\u00a0\u010dervenci 2017.<\/p>\n

Opat\u0159en\u00ed za\u0159azen\u00e1 do\u00a0Katalogu a\u00a0p\u0159edstaven\u00e1 v\u00a0Mapov\u00e9 aplikaci ve form\u00e1tu vzorov\u00fdch lokalit tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro n\u00e1vrhy komplexn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159i adaptaci \u00fazem\u00ed na projevy extr\u00e9mn\u00edch hydrologick\u00fdch situac\u00ed \u2013 nedostatku vody i\u00a0povodn\u00ed. Tyto dva extr\u00e9my nelze od sebe odd\u011blovat. Obecn\u011b maj\u00ed v\u0161echna vhodn\u011b navr\u017een\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed stejn\u00e9 c\u00edle \u2013 podpo\u0159en\u00ed vsaku vody do p\u016fdy, zpomalen\u00ed povrchov\u00e9ho odtoku, prodlou\u017een\u00ed doby zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b, bez ohledu na to, zda jsou opat\u0159en\u00ed navrhov\u00e1na jako ochrana p\u0159ed negativn\u00edmi dopady sucha \u010di povodn\u00ed. Vhodn\u011b navr\u017een\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0krajin\u011b, kter\u00e1 jsou Katalogem doporu\u010dov\u00e1na, by tak\u00e9 m\u011bla podporovat ochranu krajinn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f i\u00a0obnovu v\u00a0m\u00edstech p\u0159edchoz\u00edho naru\u0161en\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9ho p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b za p\u0159isp\u011bn\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n

Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n

P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek popisuje v\u00fdstupy \u00fakolu Podpora v\u00fdkonu st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy v\u00a0problematice sucho \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho pro Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed v\u00a0letech 2016\u20132018.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A\u00a0catalogue of green water retention measures in landscape represents one of the results of long term project financed by the Ministry of Environment. The main goal of the catalogue was to summarize a\u00a0set of measures with positive effects on water retention of landscape, with low impact on ecological status of water bodies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5161,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[1392,121,1393,879,880,302,877,1394],"coauthors":[236,488,492],"class_list":["post-5241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydraulics-hydrology-and-hydrogeology","tag-catalogue-of-measures","tag-drought","tag-green-measures","tag-measures-in-the-catchment-area","tag-measures-on-watercourses","tag-small-water-reservoirs","tag-water-retention","tag-web-mapping-application"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5241"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5241\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30477,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5241\/revisions\/30477"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5241"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=5241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}