{"id":5007,"date":"2018-08-10T08:30:58","date_gmt":"2018-08-10T07:30:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=5007"},"modified":"2024-07-16T14:29:17","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T13:29:17","slug":"significant-adverse-effects-of-measures-for-the-use-of-heavily-influenced-water-bodies-experiences-and-examples-from-abroad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2018\/08\/significant-adverse-effects-of-measures-for-the-use-of-heavily-influenced-water-bodies-experiences-and-examples-from-abroad\/","title":{"rendered":"Significant adverse effects of measures for the use of heavily influenced water bodies: experiences and examples from abroad"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

V\u00a0dubnu leto\u0161n\u00edho roku se konal v\u00a0Bruselu mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed workshop zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdznamnosti nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch vliv\u016f pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed na u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nebo \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch a\u00a0um\u011bl\u00fdch vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f1<\/sup>. Tato problematika souvis\u00ed s\u00a0implementac\u00ed R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch 2000\/60\/ES a\u00a0harmonizac\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b dobr\u00e9ho ekologick\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty EU. Setk\u00e1n\u00ed bylo organizov\u00e1no pracovn\u00edky evropsk\u00e9 komise, \u010dleny Ad Hoc Task Group HYMO a\u00a0hydromorfologick\u00fdm t\u00fdmem pod pracovn\u00ed skupinou ECOSTAT. Workshopu se \u00fa\u010dastnilo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 50 z\u00e1stupc\u016f \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU a\u00a0EHP a\u00a0p\u0159inesl \u0159adu podn\u011bt\u016f pro uchopen\u00ed t\u00e9to problematiky v\u00a0podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

P\u0159ehrada\u00a0 Rhodopes Mountain v Bulharsku<\/h6>\n

SAEoU v\u00a0procesu implementace R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n

Pojem \u201ev\u00fdznamn\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 vlivy na u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nebo \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed\u201c (Significant Adverse Effects on Use or the Wider Environment\u00a0\u2013 SAEoU) se v\u00a0procesu implementace R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch 2000\/60\/ES (RSV) objevuje na dvou m\u00edstech:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. p\u0159i vymezen\u00ed um\u011bl\u00fdch (AWB) nebo siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f (HMWB) podle \u010dl\u00e1nku\u00a04.3\u00a0a): \u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty mohou vymezit \u00fatvar povrchov\u00e9 vody jako um\u011bl\u00fd nebo siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00fd, pokud by zm\u011bny hydromorfologick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by byly nutn\u00e9 k\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho ekologick\u00e9ho stavu tohoto \u00fatvaru, m\u011bly v\u00fdrazn\u011b nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed okol\u00ed nebo u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edho \u00fatvaru;<\/em><\/li>\n
  2. v\u00a0procesu nastaven\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho ekologick\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu (MEP) pro um\u011bl\u00e9 a\u00a0siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 vodn\u00ed \u00fatvary \u2013 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed ekologick\u00fd potenci\u00e1l je definov\u00e1n jako stav vodn\u00edho \u00fatvaru po proveden\u00ed v\u0161ech zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nezp\u016fsobuj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nebo \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho okol\u00ed dan\u00e9ho HMWB nebo AWB. Dobr\u00fd ekologick\u00fd potenci\u00e1l (GEP), kter\u00fd je c\u00edlov\u00fdm stavem pro v\u0161echny siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 a\u00a0um\u011bl\u00e9 vodn\u00ed \u00fatvary, je definov\u00e1n jako takov\u00fd stav vodn\u00edho \u00fatvaru, kdy jsou biologick\u00e1 spole\u010denstva jen m\u00edrn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e1 od \u00fatvaru v\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u00edm ekologick\u00e9m potenci\u00e1lu. Podrobn\u011b je problematika siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch a\u00a0um\u011bl\u00fdch vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f pops\u00e1na ve sm\u011brn\u00e9m dokumentu WFD CIS Guidance Document No. 4 Identification and Designation of Heavily Modified and Artificial Water Bodies.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Proto\u017ee nastaven\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b GEP je v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti p\u0159edm\u011btem harmonizace mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, dostalo se souvisej\u00edc\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed SAEoU do pop\u0159ed\u00ed z\u00e1jmu.<\/p>\n

    V\u00fdchodiska a\u00a0c\u00edle workshopu<\/h2>\n

    Pot\u0159ebu metodick\u00e9ho n\u00e1vodu pro hodnocen\u00ed SAEoU nebo alespo\u0148 sd\u00edlen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f dobr\u00e9 praxe dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed v\u00fdsledky reportingu a\u00a0komunikac\u00ed mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n

    V\u00a0prvn\u00edm cyklu pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u011bla pouze polovina n\u00e1rodn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f povod\u00ed popis definice SAEoU jako sou\u010d\u00e1st vymezen\u00ed HMWB. U\u00a0zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed poloviny pl\u00e1n\u016f tento popis zcela chyb\u011bl, nebo byl nejasn\u00fd. Hodnocen\u00ed v\u00fdznamnosti vlivu pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed na u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nebo \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed bylo hodnoceno v\u011bt\u0161inou expertn\u00edm odhadem. Pouze v\u00a0n\u011bkolika p\u0159\u00edpadech pl\u00e1ny uv\u00e1d\u011bly konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed limity pro v\u00fdznamnost ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161inou v\u0161ak byla pou\u017eita kvantitativn\u00ed a\u00a0nikoliv kvalitativn\u00ed krit\u00e9ria. V\u00fdsledek hodnocen\u00ed byl \u010dasto v\u00e1gn\u00ed a\u00a0nepr\u016fhledn\u00fd a\u00a0nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n

    Ned\u00e1vno zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 studie o\u00a0zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00edch pro dosa\u017een\u00ed GEP v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na hydroenergetiku uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee jen n\u011bkolik \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f m\u00e1 nastavena krit\u00e9ria pro ur\u010den\u00ed SAEoU pro tento typ u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f CIS workshopu k\u00a0nastaven\u00ed GEP v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hydroenergeticky vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed bylo pozn\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty panuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 rozd\u00edly v\u00a0limitech pro v\u00fdznamnost SAEoU a\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161ina zem\u00ed nem\u00e1 pro stanoven\u00ed SAEoU standardizovanou metodiku.<\/p>\n

    C\u00edlem zde popisovan\u00e9ho workshopu byla v\u00fdm\u011bna praktick\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed z\u00a0posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed SAEoU p\u0159i vymezov\u00e1n\u00ed HMWB a\u00a0stanoven\u00ed GEP v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Diskuse byly d\u00e1le zam\u011b\u0159eny na vyjasn\u011bn\u00ed ot\u00e1zek, kter\u00e9 souvis\u00ed se stanoven\u00edm SAEoU. Sou\u010dasn\u011b maj\u00ed vzniknout ze z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f workshopu podklady pro dodatek k\u00a0sm\u011brn\u00e9mu dokumentu CIS Guidance \u010d. 4.<\/p>\n

    P\u0159\u00edklady za zahrani\u010d\u00ed<\/h2>\n

    Proto\u017ee problematika SAEoU nen\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f nijak pevn\u011b uchopena, v\u00fdznamnou roli na workshopu hr\u00e1l p\u0159enos zku\u0161enost\u00ed, prezentace \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edklady z\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Workshop se zab\u00fdval tematikou SAEoU ve \u010dty\u0159ech nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch typech u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed HMWB: vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee (p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b ur\u010den\u00e9 pro hydroenergetiku), protipovod\u0148ov\u00e1 ochrana, zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 odvodn\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0plavba. Podle t\u011bchto t\u00e9mat byly t\u00e9\u017e rozd\u011blen\u00e9 diskusn\u00ed skupiny.<\/p>\n

    V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hydroenergetick\u00fdch soustav pat\u0159ili mezi nejaktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1stupci skandin\u00e1vsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a\u00a0Rakouska. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edci workshopu poch\u00e1zeli v\u011bt\u0161inou ze st\u00e1tn\u00edch instituc\u00ed pracuj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00a0resortu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u00a0energetiky. Nap\u0159\u00edklad norsk\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti p\u0159ednesli v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 z\u00a0\u00favodn\u00edch prezentac\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b T.\u00a0S.\u00a0Pedersen z\u00a0norsk\u00e9ho Ministerstva klimatu a\u00a0\u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u00a0H.\u00a0Hamnaberg z\u00a0Ministerstva ropn\u00e9ho a\u00a0energetick\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n

    V\u00a0Norsku, pro kter\u00e9 je hydroenergetika hlavn\u00edm zdrojem elekt\u0159iny, vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed hydroenergetick\u00e9 soustavy ro\u010dn\u011b kolem 130 TWh elektrick\u00e9 energie (to je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,5 n\u00e1sobek celkov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby elekt\u0159iny v\u00a0\u010cR). V\u00fdroba podl\u00e9h\u00e1 v\u00fdkyv\u016fm podle p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch podm\u00ednek jednotliv\u00fdch let, meziro\u010dn\u00ed rozd\u00edly dosahuj\u00ed a\u017e 60\u00a0TWh. Vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 k\u00a0hydroenergetice jsou tomuto \u00fa\u010delu pln\u011b pod\u0159\u00edzeny. Hloubka vody v\u00a0t\u011bchto n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch kol\u00eds\u00e1 v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku o\u00a0des\u00edtky procent. Nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou v\u00a0Norsku mal\u00e9 vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny s\u00a0v\u00fdkonem do 10\u2008MW (p\u0159es 80\u00a0%), kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak dohromady zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 10\u00a0% hydroenergetick\u00e9 produkce. Naopak asi 5\u00a0% vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren jsou velk\u00e9 zdroje s\u00a0v\u00fdkonem nad 100\u2008MW, kter\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159es 60\u00a0% elektrick\u00e9 energie poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z\u00a0vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

    Vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rna Hunderfossen v Norsku<\/h6>\n

    Hlavn\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm n\u00e1strojem pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed podm\u00ednek pro vodn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 hydroenergetikou jsou v\u00a0Norsku revize podm\u00ednek provozov\u00e1n\u00ed hydroelektr\u00e1ren. To zahrnuje zm\u011bny manipula\u010dn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du a\u00a0ud\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed licenc\u00ed k\u00a0provozu podle standardn\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f a\u00a0podm\u00ednek dan\u00fdch p\u0159edpisy na ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody. V\u00a0pl\u00e1novac\u00edm obdob\u00ed 2016\u20132021 je asi u\u00a0\u010dtvrtiny vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren navr\u017eena zm\u011bna podm\u00ednek k\u00a0provozu. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je t\u00e9\u017e revize licenc\u00ed star\u00fdch vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren. Hlavn\u00ed prioritou ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody na energeticky vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch toc\u00edch je udr\u017een\u00ed ryb\u00edch populac\u00ed. D\u00edl\u010d\u00edmi t\u00e9maty jsou ochrana ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f, jako nap\u0159. perlorodky \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed, zachov\u00e1n\u00ed krajinn\u00e9ho r\u00e1zu a\u00a0rekrea\u010dn\u00edho vyu\u017eit\u00ed vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f.<\/p>\n

    Pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem stanoven\u00ed SAEoU byla dotazn\u00edkov\u00e1 akce proveden\u00e1 v\u00a0roce 2011. \u0158editelstv\u00ed hydroenergetick\u00fdch podnik\u016f byla dot\u00e1z\u00e1na, jak\u00e9 omezen\u00ed v\u00fdkonu hydroelektr\u00e1ren pova\u017euj\u00ed za p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 ve snaze dos\u00e1hnout dostate\u010dn\u00e9ho pr\u016ftoku v\u00a0ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch (\u201eenvironmental flow\u201c). V\u00fdsledkem je seznam prioritn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed relativn\u011b mal\u00fd vliv na u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0poskytuj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zlep\u0161en\u00ed hydromorfologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek v\u00a0koryt\u011b. V\u00a0praxi to p\u0159edstavuje 387 prioritn\u00edch vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f, na kter\u00fdch jsou pl\u00e1nov\u00e1na opat\u0159en\u00ed zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed vlivy hydroenergetiky. Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed zp\u016fsob\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed ztr\u00e1tu 1,1\u20131,7 TWh elektrick\u00e9 energie, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1\u20131,5\u00a0% celkov\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 produkce vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren. V\u00fdsledky jsou shrnuty do n\u00e1rodn\u00ed metodiky, nicm\u00e9n\u011b v\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech bylo t\u0159eba posoudit m\u00edstn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, podle autor\u016f prezentace neexistuje univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Z\u00a0norsk\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee nastaven\u00ed SAEoU je pot\u0159eba prov\u00e9st na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni, kde do koncep\u010dn\u00edho rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed mohou zasahovat i\u00a0politick\u00e1 zad\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Tabulka 1. Kategorizace mo\u017en\u00fdch typ\u016f ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed provozov\u00e1n\u00ed plavby na HMWB\/AWB a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edklady opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je p\u016fsob\u00ed; n\u00e1vrh podle prezentace Jan Brooke z\u00a0Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie je praktick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit i\u00a0v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jin\u00fdch typ\u016f u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h5>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

    Podobn\u00e9 stanovisko p\u0159ednesl i\u00a0z\u00e1stupce EURELECTRIC (J. Muotka) v\u00a0tom smyslu, \u017ee je t\u0159eba posuzovat konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady jednotliv\u00fdch HMWB. Ve sv\u00e9 prezentaci klasifikoval r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdroby elektrick\u00e9 energie a\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9ho ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed tohoto typu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Hydroelektr\u00e1rny mohou b\u00fdt ovlivn\u011bny zejm\u00e9na t\u0159emi zp\u016fsoby:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed celkov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby,<\/li>\n
    2. omezen\u00ed flexibility (mo\u017enost \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed podle aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch pot\u0159eb a\u00a0cen elekt\u0159iny),<\/li>\n
    3. sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed akumula\u010dn\u00ed kapacity n\u00e1dr\u017ee.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Autor ve sv\u00e9 prezentaci navrhl syst\u00e9m klasifikace u\u017eitk\u016f hydroenergetiky s\u00a0rozd\u00edln\u00fdm \u010dasov\u00fdm horizontem:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. sezonn\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed dod\u00e1vek elekt\u0159iny v\u00a0obdob\u00edch vysok\u00e9 spot\u0159eby (m\u011bs\u00edce),<\/li>\n
      2. kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 vysok\u00e1 spot\u0159eba elektrick\u00e9 energie (1\u20132\u00a0dny b\u011bhem roku),<\/li>\n
      3. dod\u00e1vky elekt\u0159iny v\u00a0obdob\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu v\u011btrn\u00fdch a\u00a0sol\u00e1rn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren (den\u2013t\u00fddny),<\/li>\n
      4. pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdroby elekt\u0159iny podle spot\u0159eby (den\u2013t\u00fdden),<\/li>\n
      5. zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy spot\u0159eby a\u00a0v\u00fdroby elekt\u0159iny v\u00a0r\u00e1mci dne (den),<\/li>\n
      6. stabilizace p\u0159enosov\u00e9 soustavy (vte\u0159iny\u2013hodina).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Pokud vodn\u00ed energie hraje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch kategori\u00ed, jak\u00e9koli zhor\u0161en\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za v\u00fdznamn\u00fd nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd vliv. Energetick\u00e9 strategie jednotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU se sice li\u0161\u00ed, ale p\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed by ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u011bl ve sv\u00fdch pl\u00e1nech uva\u017eovat tyto jednotliv\u00e9 u\u017eitky.<\/p>\n

        Jako p\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu na t\u00e9ma SAEoU zm\u00ednil rakousk\u00fd projekt Sustainable River Management (SuREmMa), kter\u00fd \u0159e\u0161il efektivitu zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro hydroenergetick\u00e9 \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0jejich efekt na obchod, energetick\u00fd syst\u00e9m a\u00a0ekonomiku. Problematiku nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9ho ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed flexibility jako d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9ho parametru v\u00fdroby elekt\u0159iny dokumentoval autor na p\u0159\u00edpadu finsk\u00e9 soustavy hydroelektr\u00e1ren na \u0159ece Oulujoki (Qa<\/sub>\u00a0= 250\u2008m3<\/sup>\/s). Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u016ftoku z\u00a050\u2008m3<\/sup>\/s\u00a0na 75\u2008m3<\/sup>\/s\u00a0by\u00a0zde znamenalo ztr\u00e1tu 50\u00a0% flexibility ve v\u00fdrob\u011b elekt\u0159iny. Tato elektr\u00e1rensk\u00e1 soustava p\u0159itom tvo\u0159\u00ed asi 30\u00a0% flexibiln\u00ed kapacity hydroelektr\u00e1ren ve Finsku.<\/p>\n

        Dal\u0161\u00ed prezentaci p\u0159ednesl Sebastian D\u00f6bbelt-Gr\u00fcne. Zab\u00fdvala se n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi vodn\u00edmi \u00fatvary, jejich\u017e hydromorfologick\u00fd stav je siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn ochranou p\u0159ed povodn\u011bmi. Siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 vodn\u00ed \u00fatvary tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0N\u011bmecku asi polovinu v\u0161ech vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f tekouc\u00edch vod. Pro HMWB byla sestavena \u201etypologie\u201c podle typu vodn\u00edho toku a\u00a0zp\u016fsobu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Pro jednotliv\u00e9 typy byl navr\u017een seznam mo\u017en\u00fdch zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0k\u00a0nim p\u0159i\u0159azeno hodnocen\u00ed praktick\u00e9 technick\u00e9 proveditelnosti, kter\u00e1 ji\u017e zahrnovala posouzen\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9ho ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed protipovod\u0148ov\u00e9 ochrany. Hodnocen\u00ed vych\u00e1zelo ze zku\u0161enost\u00ed s\u00a0prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00ed na vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch a\u00a0se znalost\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010din, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e9m typu prost\u0159ed\u00ed br\u00e1n\u00ed realizaci navr\u017een\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed (nap\u0159. nemo\u017enost v\u00fdkupu pozemk\u016f, nedostatek prostoru v\u00a0niv\u011b\u2026). P\u0159es tento koncep\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup dosp\u011bli auto\u0159i k\u00a0shrnut\u00ed, \u017ee pro HMWB u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pro protipovod\u0148ovou ochranu nelze stanovit jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 kvantitativn\u00ed limity SAEoU. Sp\u00ed\u0161e je t\u0159eba posuzovat funk\u010dn\u00ed, kvalitativn\u00ed krit\u00e9ria. Hodnocen\u00ed SAEoU je specifick\u00e9 pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed HMWB a\u00a0obvykle se li\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch prostorov\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159\u00edtk\u00e1ch (m\u00edstn\u00ed, n\u00e1rodn\u00ed, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed).<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

        P\u0159ehrada vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny a zavla\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h6>\n

        Marc van den Berg popsal stav \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed problematiky SAEoU v\u00a0Nizozem\u00ed. Jako modelov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad uvedl situaci hr\u00e1ze v\u00a0z\u00e1toce Haringvliet, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0delt\u011b R\u00fdna. Funkc\u00ed hr\u00e1ze je ochrana p\u0159ed z\u00e1plavami p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edlivov\u00fdch extr\u00e9mech a\u00a0akumulaci sladk\u00e9 vody. Pro ryb\u00ed spole\u010denstva p\u0159edstavuje hr\u00e1z migra\u010dn\u00ed bari\u00e9ru odd\u011bluj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed deltu od Severn\u00edho mo\u0159e. Navr\u017een\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed by hr\u00e1z migra\u010dn\u011b zpr\u016fchodnila, umo\u017enila \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b slapov\u00e9 jevy, ale vy\u017eadovala by zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1hradn\u00edho zdroje sladk\u00e9 vody s\u00a0odhadovan\u00fdmi n\u00e1klady 75\u2008mil.\u00a0EUR. Odhadovan\u00fd vliv opat\u0159en\u00ed na ryb\u00ed obs\u00e1dku p\u0159edstavuje zlep\u0161en\u00ed o\u00a00,2 EQR, tedy o\u00a0jednu t\u0159\u00eddu standardn\u00edho p\u011btistup\u0148ov\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed. Prosazen\u00ed realizace opat\u0159en\u00ed bylo zcela politick\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm, diskuse prob\u00edhala s\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdmi v\u00fdsledky 20\u00a0let. V\u00a0roce 2018 by m\u011blo kone\u010dn\u011b doj\u00edt ke zpr\u016fchodn\u011bn\u00ed hr\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n

        V\u00a0Nizozem\u00ed jsou ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e budov\u00e1ny ryb\u00ed p\u0159echody a\u00a0m\u00edstn\u011b jsou prov\u00e1d\u011bna opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed stanovi\u0161tn\u00ed diverzity vodn\u00edch tok\u016f. Zda mohou tato opat\u0159en\u00ed zp\u016fsobit SAEoU, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na jejich rozsahu. Hranici v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak nelze stanovit obecn\u011b. V\u00a0Nizozem\u00ed jsou SAEoU posuzov\u00e1ny pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady jako v\u00fdsledek diskuse odborn\u00edk\u016f, zainteresovan\u00fdch subjekt\u016f, m\u00edstn\u00edch samospr\u00e1v a\u00a0st\u00e1tn\u00edch instituc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

        Katarina Vartia ze \u0160v\u00e9dska ve sv\u00e9 prezentaci popisovala p\u0159\u00edstupy ke slad\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch environment\u00e1ln\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a\u00a0vodn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Oba sektory se navz\u00e1jem ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed, do \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed vstupuj\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed politick\u00e9 c\u00edle, jako je nap\u0159. snaha o\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 produkce a\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1vazky. Z\u00a0prezentace vyplynulo, \u017ee ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku nen\u00ed uplat\u0148ov\u00e1na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 stanoven\u00e1 metoda hodnocen\u00ed SAEoU. Tato problematika je \u0159e\u0161ena v\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech jedn\u00e1n\u00edm mezi zainteresovan\u00fdmi subjekty.<\/p>\n

        Jan Brooke\u00a0p\u0159edstavila problematiku v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch vliv\u016f na vnitrozemskou plavbu v\u00a0Anglii. S\u00ed\u0165 upraven\u00fdch \u0159ek a\u00a0um\u011bl\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f v\u00a0Anglii a\u00a0Walesu je velmi hust\u00e1. Dnes jsou vodn\u00ed cesty vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k\u00a0rekrea\u010dn\u00ed plavb\u011b, i\u00a0kdy\u017e existuj\u00ed i\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9 kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 \u00faseky komer\u010dn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro dopravu n\u00e1kladu. V\u00fdznam rekrea\u010dn\u00ed plavby spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 nejen v\u00a0lep\u0161\u00ed kvalit\u011b \u017eivota rekreant\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 v\u00a0navazuj\u00edc\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch, pracovn\u00edch m\u00edstech a\u00a0provozovan\u00e9 infrastruktu\u0159e, kter\u00e9 jsou lok\u00e1ln\u011b ekonomicky v\u00fdznamn\u00e9. V\u00a0prezentaci byly p\u0159edstaveny kategorie opat\u0159en\u00ed k\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed GEP, kter\u00e1 jsou na splavn\u00fdch toc\u00edch pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na. Jde nap\u0159\u00edklad o\u00a0n\u00e1hradu tvrd\u00e9ho opevn\u011bn\u00ed b\u0159eh\u016f p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi variantami, ochranu a\u00a0obnovu historick\u00fdch akvatick\u00fdch stanovi\u0161\u0165, podporu \u010dlenitosti b\u0159ehov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry a\u00a0morfologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti koryta, revitalizace umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 procesy v\u00a0koryt\u011b, v\u00fdstavbu ryb\u00edch p\u0159echod\u016f, zm\u011bny manipulace a\u00a0technick\u00fdch parametr\u016f zdymadel a\u00a0jez\u016f, zm\u011bny lodn\u00edho provozu a\u00a0\u00fapravy plavidel. K\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm typ\u016fm opat\u0159en\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed zm\u011bny strategie prohr\u00e1bek a\u00a0jejich vlivu na tvorbu z\u00e1kalu, obnovu splaveninov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu, \u00fadr\u017ebu vegetace a\u00a0omezov\u00e1n\u00ed invazn\u00edch druh\u016f. N\u00e1sledn\u011b byly p\u0159ehledn\u011b pops\u00e1ny typy ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed plavby, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt realizac\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed zp\u016fsobeny. Jde zejm\u00e9na o\u00a0omezen\u00ed nebo z\u00e1kaz plavby, omezen\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti plavby, zm\u011bna hydromorfologick\u00fdch proces\u016f, rozpor se z\u00e1konn\u00fdmi povinnostmi nebo schv\u00e1len\u00fdmi pl\u00e1ny a\u00a0c\u00edli, zdroj zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nebo mobilizace star\u00fdch kontaminac\u00ed. V\u00fdsledn\u00fdm n\u00e1vrhem po zapracov\u00e1n\u00ed podn\u011bt\u016f z\u00a0diskuse je kategorizace mo\u017en\u00fdch typ\u016f ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed plavby do n\u011bkolika t\u0159\u00edd. K\u00a0t\u011bmto kategori\u00edm vlivu byly dopln\u011bny p\u0159\u00edklady opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je p\u016fsob\u00ed (tabulka 1<\/em>). Tato semikvantitativn\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1la v\u00fdznamnosti ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejprakti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupem a\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eita i\u00a0v\u00a0ostatn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

        Siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 vodn\u00ed \u00fatvary b\u00fdvaj\u00ed vymezeny na toc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u00edce typ\u016f u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Ve sv\u00e9 prezentaci pan\u00ed Brooke pouk\u00e1zala na b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy opat\u0159en\u00ed navr\u017een\u00e1 pro zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed vlivu jednoho typu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed maj\u00ed negativn\u00ed efekt na jin\u00fd typ u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dan\u00e9ho vodn\u00edho \u00fatvaru. P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt odsazen\u00ed pod\u00e9ln\u00fdch hr\u00e1z\u00ed jako opat\u0159en\u00ed zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed dopad protipovod\u0148ov\u00e9 ochrany. Toto opat\u0159en\u00ed se projev\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm zan\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm koryta jako v\u00fdsledek sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch rychlost\u00ed proud\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i povodn\u00edch. Je-li toto koryto z\u00e1rove\u0148 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no pro plavbu, m\u016f\u017ee toto jinak prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159edstavovat v\u00fdznamn\u00fd nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd vliv na jej\u00ed provozov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

        Dunaj Hundersingen \u2013 revitalizace nesplavn\u00e9ho Dunaje v B\u00e1densku-W\u00fcrttembersku mezi s\u00eddly Binzwangen a Hundersingen, asi 60 km nad Ulmem; d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed technick\u00e1 \u00faprava nevyhovovala ekologicky rychl\u00fdm prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm povodn\u00ed a zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm odvod\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm nivy vlivem hlubok\u00e9ho koryta \u2013 revitalizov\u00e1no v roce 2012 (autor: Ing. Tom\u00e1\u0161 Just)<\/h6>\n

        Vlivy opat\u0159en\u00ed na \u201e\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed\u201c<\/h2>\n

        Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem jsou nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 vlivy opat\u0159en\u00ed na \u201e\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed\u201c. Tento pojem zahrnuje p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed i\u00a0\u017eivotn\u00ed prostor \u010dlov\u011bka v\u010detn\u011b archeologick\u00fdch, kulturn\u00edch, krajinn\u00fdch a\u00a0geomorfologick\u00fdch pam\u00e1tek a\u00a0hodnot.<\/p>\n

        P\u0159\u00edklady hodnocen\u00ed vlivu opat\u0159en\u00ed na \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed popsal Michael Wann ze skotsk\u00e9 agentury na ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody. Ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii je vymezeno 240\u00a0HMWB z\u00a0d\u016fvodu \u201e\u0161ir\u0161\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed\u201c. Asi pades\u00e1t HMWB v\u00a0Anglii uv\u00e1d\u00ed \u201e\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed\u201c dokonce jako jedin\u00fd d\u016fvod, nemaj\u00ed tedy \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 uznateln\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Ve Skotsku jsou \u010dast\u00e9 vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee, kter\u00e9 jsou vedle sv\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed funkce z\u00e1rove\u0148 zahrnuty v\u00a0soustav\u011b NATURA, a\u00a0to zejm\u00e9na kv\u016fli populac\u00edm vodn\u00edch pt\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n

        Smyslem \u201ev\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9ho vlivu na \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed\u201c je z\u00e1sada, aby opat\u0159en\u00ed pro dosa\u017een\u00ed GEP ve vodn\u00edm \u00fatvaru nezp\u016fsobovala zhor\u0161en\u00ed (\u017eivotn\u00edho) prost\u0159ed\u00ed jinde. P\u0159\u00edkladem mohou b\u00fdt pr\u00e1v\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1 z\u00a0d\u016fvodu v\u00fdskytu ohro\u017een\u00fdch organism\u016f nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch se na siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch nebo um\u011bl\u00fdch vodn\u00edch \u00fatvarech.<\/p>\n

        V\u00fdsledky pr\u00e1ce v\u00a0diskusn\u00edch skupin\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n

        Nejpo\u010detn\u011bji zastoupenou diskusn\u00ed skupinou byla tzv. \u201ewater storage\u201c, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdvala vlivem opat\u0159en\u00ed na hydroenergetick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee v\u00a0t\u00e9to skupin\u011b u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je stanoven\u00ed SAEoU nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee do posouzen\u00ed vstupuje \u0159ada technick\u00fdch, ekonomick\u00fdch i\u00a0politick\u00fdch faktor\u016f v\u00fdroby, akumulace a\u00a0regulace dod\u00e1vek elektrick\u00e9 energie. P\u0159\u00edkladem je tzv. \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlastnost hydroenergetiky, proto\u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje rychl\u00e9 vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdroby a\u00a0spot\u0159eby elektrick\u00e9 energie. Tato regula\u010dn\u00ed funkce je nezbytn\u00e1 pro stabilitu elektrick\u00e9 p\u0159enosov\u00e9 soustavy a\u00a0nelze ji nahradit regulac\u00ed jin\u00fdch zdroj\u016f elektrick\u00e9 energie. Lok\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdznam vodn\u00ed energie je jin\u00fd ne\u017e n\u00e1rodn\u00ed a\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed. Orientace v\u00fdroby na fotovoltaick\u00e9 a\u00a0v\u011btrn\u00e9 zdroje (nap\u0159. v\u00a0N\u011bmecku) vy\u017eaduje zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed regula\u010dn\u00ed kapacity hydroelektr\u00e1ren (nap\u0159. v\u00a0Norsku). Vodn\u00ed energie jako obnoviteln\u00fd zdroj je v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 i\u00a0z\u00a0d\u016fvodu omezov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed CO2<\/sub>, jeho\u017e limity jsou nastaveny mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi dohodami. Omezen\u00ed v\u00fdkonu hydroelektr\u00e1ren a\u00a0jejich nahrazen\u00ed fosiln\u00edmi zdroji energie by zv\u00fd\u0161ilo emise CO2<\/sub> a\u00a0mohlo by b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za v\u00fdznamn\u00fd nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd vliv na \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

        Navzdory t\u011bmto skute\u010dnostem, kter\u00e9 komplikuj\u00ed definov\u00e1n\u00ed SAEoU v\u00a0obecn\u00e9m a\u00a0\u010dasto i\u00a0v\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, padlo v\u00a0diskusi n\u011bkolik zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel. N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty maj\u00ed stanovenou hranici v\u00fdznamnosti SAEoU. Ve Skotsku je mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed pro dosa\u017een\u00ed GEP, kter\u00e1 dohromady sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed produkci hydroenergetiky a\u017e o\u00a02\u00a0%. V\u00a0Rakousku je tento limit p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3\u00a0%, ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku 2,3\u00a0%. V\u00a0Rumunsku je akceptovateln\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed produkce u\u00a0jedn\u00e9 hydroelektr\u00e1rny o\u00a02\u00a0% a\u00a0o\u00a05\u00a0% v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hydroenergetick\u00fdch soustav. Podle sd\u011blen\u00ed z\u00e1stupc\u016f Rakouska m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdroby elektrick\u00e9 energie v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jednotliv\u00fdch hydroelektr\u00e1ren p\u0159edstavovat a\u017e ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed des\u00edtky procent. Tento princip je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b aplikov\u00e1n zejm\u00e9na na mal\u00fdch vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch, jejich\u017e p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek k\u00a0celkov\u00e9 produkci je mal\u00fd, ale v\u00a0r\u00e1mci vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u010dasto z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv. Pro omezen\u00ed regula\u010dn\u00ed funkce vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 stanovit \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd obecn\u00fd limit, proto\u017ee toto vyu\u017eit\u00ed je z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na m\u00edstn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch a\u00a0parametrech konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed hydroelektr\u00e1rny. Regula\u010dn\u00ed funkce je z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm u\u017eitkem, kter\u00fd z\u00a0vodn\u00ed energetiky plyne. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 omezen\u00ed nen\u00ed akceptovateln\u00e9 v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vlivu opat\u0159en\u00ed na zabezpe\u010den\u00ed dod\u00e1vek elektrick\u00e9 energie na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

        Revitalizace \u00faseku doln\u00ed trati hrani\u010dn\u00ed \u0159eky mezi Bavorskem a B\u00e1denskem-W\u00fcrttemberskem; revitaliza\u010dn\u00ed aktivity za\u010daly kolem roku 2010, zde zobrazena dokon\u010den\u00e1 etapa 2014 (autor: Ing. Tom\u00e1\u0161 Just)<\/h6>\n

        Diskuse t\u00e9\u017e prob\u00edhaly ve skupin\u00e1ch zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed typu protipovod\u0148ov\u00e1 ochrana, zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 odvodn\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0plavba. Jednotliv\u00e9 diskusn\u00ed skupiny p\u0159ipravily strukturovan\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry sv\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161inou byly podrobn\u011b specifikov\u00e1ny jednotliv\u00e9 typy nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9ho ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, av\u0161ak bylo konstatov\u00e1no, \u017ee stanoven\u00ed hranice SAEoU je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. Posouzen\u00ed je z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, li\u0161\u00ed se na lok\u00e1ln\u00ed, m\u00edstn\u00ed a\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni. Komplikuj\u00ed jej dal\u0161\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee m\u00e1lokter\u00fd siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00fd vodn\u00ed \u00fatvar m\u00e1 jedin\u00fd \u00fa\u010del. Hranice SAEoU je t\u00e9\u017e z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na politick\u00e9m rozhodnut\u00ed (nap\u0159. akceptovateln\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty, m\u00edra povod\u0148ov\u00e9ho rizika, c\u00edle na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f\u2026). Nicm\u00e9n\u011b souhrny pracovn\u00edch skupin obsahuj\u00ed v\u00fd\u010det okolnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba vz\u00edt p\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed SAEoU v\u00a0\u00favahu, a\u00a0jsou tak dobr\u00fdm podkladem pro koncep\u010dn\u00ed postup. Prezentace jednotliv\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch skupin jsou ulo\u017eeny na port\u00e1lu CIRCABC (https:\/\/circabc.europa.eu) pod n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed navigac\u00ed:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • European Commission > Environment > WFD CIRCA\u2026<\/em> zde v\u00a0polo\u017ece Library pokra\u010dovat na working_groups > ATG Hydromorphology > Meetings and workshops.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          V\u00a0dob\u011b zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed tohoto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku by zde m\u011bla b\u00fdt k\u00a0dispozici tak\u00e9 zpr\u00e1va sestaven\u00e1 organiz\u00e1tory workshopu.<\/p>\n

          Povzbuzen\u00ed na z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

          V\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice nen\u00ed problematika SAEoU nijak koncep\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u0161ena. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee spr\u00e1vci vodn\u00edch tok\u016f navrhuj\u00ed intuitivn\u011b takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, u\u00a0kter\u00fdch je vysok\u00e1 \u0161ance na realizaci, a\u00a0konflikt s\u00a0u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm nehroz\u00ed. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi zem\u011bmi nejsme v\u00fdjimkou. Z\u00a0vystoupen\u00ed mnoha z\u00e1stupc\u016f \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f vypl\u00fdvalo, \u017ee na stanoven\u00ed SAEoU nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed metodiky, a\u00a0v\u0161ichni se vyjad\u0159ovali ve smyslu, \u017ee je t\u0159eba volit individu\u00e1ln\u00ed posouzen\u00ed. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee cel\u00fd proces harmonizace p\u0159\u00edstupu \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f k\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed\u00a0SAEoU je na za\u010d\u00e1tku, ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b z\u016fstane u\u00a0obecn\u00fdch doporu\u010den\u00ed. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed metody stanoven\u00ed SAEoU by m\u011bly b\u00fdt velmi obecn\u00e9 a\u00a0m\u011bly by zejm\u00e9na umo\u017enit hodnocen\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f na r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00edch a\u00a0prostorov\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159\u00edtk\u00e1ch. Pozornost je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed konflikt\u016f mezi navr\u017een\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi a\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdmi typy u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Cel\u00fd proces ale mus\u00ed za\u010d\u00ednat kvalitn\u00edm vymezen\u00edm HMWB, definic\u00ed jejich u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0obs\u00e1hl\u00fdm n\u00e1vrhem zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

          Pozn\u00e1mky<\/h4>\n
            \n
          1. Pln\u00fd n\u00e1zev workshopu: \u201eDesignation of Heavily Modified Water Bodies and definition of Good Ecological Potential under the Water Framework Directive (WFD): Significant adverse effects on use or the wider environment from measures.\u201c Brusel, 23.\u201324. 4. 2018.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            In April 2018, an international workshop was held in Brussels to assess the significance of adverse impacts of planned measures for use or wider environment of heavily modified and artificial water bodies. This issue is related to the implementation of the Water Framework Directive 2000\/60\/EC and the harmonization of the level of good ecological potential among EU Member States.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":4973,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[1307,791,786],"coauthors":[597],"class_list":["post-5007","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","tag-adverse-effects","tag-water-body","tag-water-framework-directive"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5007","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5007"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5007\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30465,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5007\/revisions\/30465"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4973"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5007"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5007"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5007"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=5007"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}