{"id":4660,"date":"2018-04-11T10:16:24","date_gmt":"2018-04-11T09:16:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=4660"},"modified":"2024-07-16T14:18:56","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T13:18:56","slug":"principles-of-approach-to-optimization-of-water-and-soil-protection-in-the-svratka-river-sub-basins","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2018\/04\/principles-of-approach-to-optimization-of-water-and-soil-protection-in-the-svratka-river-sub-basins\/","title":{"rendered":"Principles of approach to optimization of water and soil protection in the Svratka River sub-basins"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle fa-3x pull-left\"><\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Souhrn<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je v\u00a0kontextu rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se populace a\u00a0prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny st\u00e1le v\u00edce akcentov\u00e1na pot\u0159eba trval\u00e9ho udr\u017een\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed a\u00a0jakosti vody. V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd projekt NAZV QJ1620040 byl zah\u00e1jen v\u00a0roce 2016\u2008s\u00a0c\u00edlem komplexn\u011b \u0159e\u0161it mo\u017enosti sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed kontaminace povrchov\u00fdch vod jak z\u00a0plo\u0161n\u00fdch, tak bodov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f nerozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami, dus\u00edkem a\u00a0fosforem v\u00a0povod\u00edch vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b konzultac\u00ed s\u00a0podnikem Povod\u00ed Moravy, s. p., byla vybr\u00e1na dv\u011b modelov\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00a0povod\u00ed Svratky: povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka (u\u00a0Poli\u010dky) a\u00a0Ku\u0159imky. V\u00a0modelov\u00fdch povod\u00edch prob\u00edh\u00e1 monitoring p\u016fd, sediment\u016f, kvality vody a\u00a0hydrologick\u00fdch charakteristik a\u00a0systematick\u00e1 ter\u00e9nn\u00ed \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. V\u00fdsledky za rok 2016 ukazuj\u00ed na rozd\u00edlnost obou modelov\u00fdch povod\u00ed jak v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch a\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, tak ohro\u017eenosti vodn\u00ed eroz\u00ed, rozsahem oblast\u00ed p\u016fd s\u00a0n\u00edzkou retenc\u00ed vody a\u00a0\u017eivin. Rozd\u00edln\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 intenzita zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed bodov\u00fdmi zdroji. V\u00fdstupy projektu budou dokon\u010deny v\u00a0roce 2018 a\u00a0to ve form\u011b jakostn\u00edho modelu, metodiky Optimalizace ochrany vody a\u00a0p\u016fdy v\u00a0povod\u00ed vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f a\u00a0u\u017eitn\u00e9ho vzoru za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro eliminaci vstupu vybran\u00fdch rizikov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek z\u00a0mal\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed do vodn\u00edch tok\u016f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00davod<\/h2>\n<p>Udr\u017een\u00ed jakosti a\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00ed vody v\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 krajin\u011b a\u00a0omezen\u00ed dopad\u016f extr\u00e9mn\u00edch sr\u00e1\u017eko-odtokov\u00fdch situac\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed mezi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti st\u00e1le v\u00edce akcelerov\u00e1ny v\u00a0d\u016fsledku prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a\u00a0rozvoje pot\u0159eb lidsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Ochran\u011b vody je v\u00a0\u010cR v\u011bnov\u00e1na adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed legislativn\u00ed opora i\u00a0odborn\u00e1 pozornost. P\u0159esto realizace \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na na omezen\u00ed plo\u0161n\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u010dasto nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky. Nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstupy m\u016f\u017ee otev\u0159\u00edt aplikace posledn\u00edch poznatk\u016f v\u011bdy, multidisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup a\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed modern\u00edch technologi\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem projektu QJ1620040 do konce obdob\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed (31. 12. 2018) je navrhnout komplexn\u00ed postup pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed kontaminace povrchov\u00fdch vod jak z\u00a0plo\u0161n\u00fdch (zejm\u00e9na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch), tak bodov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f nerozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami, dus\u00edkem a\u00a0fosforem v\u00a0povod\u00edch vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Pro rok 2016 byl stanoven d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed c\u00edl Zpracovat charakteristiky z\u00e1jmov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed, jeho p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch a\u00a0antropick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, shrom\u00e1\u017edit vstupn\u00ed data a\u00a0mapov\u00e9 podklady, p\u0159ipravit podklady pro anal\u00fdzu retence vody v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed, zalo\u017eit dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed (hydrologick\u00e1, lyzimetrick\u00e1, pedologick\u00e1).<\/p>\n<p>Negativn\u00ed dopady klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny se na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed projevovat dv\u011bma zp\u016fsoby. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b se zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdskyt a\u00a0intenzita extr\u00e9mn\u00edch sr\u00e1\u017eek a\u00a0v\u00a0jejich d\u016fsledku je p\u016fda po\u0161kozov\u00e1na vodn\u00ed eroz\u00ed. Produkty eroze n\u00e1sledn\u011b zan\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed vodn\u00ed toky a\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ee, sni\u017euj\u00ed jejich j\u00edmac\u00ed kapacitu a\u00a0negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed i\u00a0kvalitu vody. Z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f \u00fadaj\u016f sledovan\u00fdch \u010cHM\u00da a\u00a0modelov\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky lze rovn\u011b\u017e v\u00a0d\u016fsledku klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt sucha, a\u00a0to nejen v\u00a0d\u016fsledku nedostatku sr\u00e1\u017eek, ale tak\u00e9 kv\u016fli postupn\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu teploty vzduchu a\u00a0zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdparu [1]. T\u011bmito jevy nebude dot\u010deno pouze mno\u017estv\u00ed vody, ale tak\u00e9 jej\u00ed kvalita. Pokud nedojde k\u00a0omezen\u00ed produkce z\u00a0bodov\u00fdch a\u00a0plo\u0161n\u00fdch zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, budou stoupat koncentrace \u017eivin a\u00a0rizikov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek ve vod\u00e1ch. Omezen\u00ed tohoto rizika je v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1no mj. jako jeden z\u00a0kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f politiky \u010cR [2].<\/p>\n<p>Vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee jsou syst\u00e9my citliv\u00e9 na nadbytek \u017eivin. Eutrofizace je v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti v\u00fdrazn\u00fd probl\u00e9m v\u011bt\u0161iny v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed povod\u00ed s\u00a0antropogenn\u00edm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm. Pro vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee je pak toto riziko je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Je tedy t\u0159eba zabr\u00e1nit eutrofizaci t\u011bchto vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b zm\u00edrnit jej\u00ed dopady, aby nebyl ohro\u017een odb\u011br pitn\u00e9 vody. Bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee rozvoj eutrofizace ovliv\u0148uje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed fosforem z\u00a0bodov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f (nap\u0159. [3 a\u00a04]). Redukce obsahu fosforu v\u00a0biologick\u00fdch \u010dist\u00edrn\u00e1ch odpadn\u00edch vod prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed fosforu do nov\u011b syntetizovan\u00e9 biomasy obvykle nedosta\u010duje k\u00a0tomu, aby bylo dosa\u017eeno po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zbytkov\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0parametru P<sub>celk<\/sub>. Je proto t\u0159eba zav\u00e9st \u010distic\u00ed operaci zam\u011b\u0159enou speci\u00e1ln\u011b na fosfor. Ten m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z\u00a0vody odstran\u011bn biologicky nebo chemicky.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi plo\u0161n\u00e9 zdroje potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed povrchov\u00fdch vod \u0159ad\u00edme plochy zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed bezprost\u0159edn\u011b p\u0159i b\u0159ez\u00edch povrchov\u00fdch vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a\u00a0ploch, erozn\u011b ohro\u017een\u00e9 svahy orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy, lokality s\u00a0v\u00fdskytem p\u016fd s\u00a0rizikem zrychlen\u00e9 infiltrace a\u00a0vyplavov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivin, v\u010detn\u011b ploch orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy navazuj\u00edc\u00ed na vybudovan\u00e9 odvod\u0148ovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my. Kritick\u00e9 zdrojov\u00e9 plochy jsou obecn\u011b enkl\u00e1vy, kde se prot\u00ednaj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 obsahy \u017eivin (N nebo P) v\u00a0p\u016fd\u011b s\u00a0vysok\u00fdm potenci\u00e1lem tvorby \u010di cesty rychl\u00e9ho povrchov\u00e9ho \u010di podpovrchov\u00e9ho odtoku vody a\u00a0jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za dominantn\u00ed p\u016fvodce plo\u0161n\u00fdch zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vod. V\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed jsou tyto lokality vymezov\u00e1ny \u0159adou zp\u016fsob\u016f a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f, dnes p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v\u00a0GIS, zalo\u017een\u00fdch na hodnocen\u00ed odtokov\u00fdch lini\u00ed \u010di z\u00f3n v\u00a0kombinaci s\u00a0plochami saturace [5, 6]. Krom\u011b ploch s\u00a0v\u00fdskytem povrchov\u00e9ho odtoku to mohou b\u00fdt d\u00e1le p\u016fdy m\u011blk\u00e9, promyvn\u00e9 a\/nebo odvodn\u011bn\u00e9. Lokality s\u00a0rizikem vyplavov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivin z\u00a0p\u016fdn\u00edho profilu je mo\u017en\u00e9 vymezit p\u0159ekryvem p\u016fdn\u00edch a\u00a0geomorfologick\u00fdch charakteristik (anal\u00fdza\u00a0podle\u00a0k\u00f3du\u00a0BPEJ\u00a0=\u00a0bonitovan\u00fdch p\u016fdn\u011b ekologick\u00fdch jednotek) s\u00a0vrstvou staveb zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho odvodn\u011bn\u00ed [7, 8]. Dus\u00edk a\u00a0dusi\u010dnany jsou hlavn\u00edmi produkty plo\u0161n\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vod ze zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed v\u00a0d\u016fsledku zrychlen\u00e9ho vyplavov\u00e1n\u00ed. Fu\u010d\u00edk a\u00a0kol. [9] prok\u00e1zali, \u017ee vyplavov\u00e1n\u00ed dus\u00edku ze zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch p\u016fd lze omezit c\u00edlen\u00fdm zatravn\u011bn\u00edm v\u00a0oblastech s\u00a0rizikem zrychlen\u00e9 infiltrace.<\/p>\n<p>Ide\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u00e1strojem pro spr\u00e1vu povod\u00ed z\u00a0hlediska sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u017eivinov\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed bilan\u010dn\u00ed modely jakosti vod. Tyto n\u00e1stroje maj\u00ed potenci\u00e1l upozornit na slab\u00e1 m\u00edsta v\u00a0povod\u00ed, na kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba zam\u011b\u0159it pozornost a\u00a0tak\u00e9 naj\u00edt skupinu nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed. V\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b pro \u00fa\u010dely modelov\u00e1n\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed povrchov\u00fdch vod existuje \u0159ada n\u00e1stroj\u016f. Drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina v\u0161ak poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed a\u00a0pro uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na probl\u00e9my jako odli\u0161nosti struktury vstupn\u00edch dat \u010di velikost zpracov\u00e1van\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed (povod\u00ed). St\u00e1tn\u00ed podniky Povod\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed Informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pro komplexn\u00ed podporu procesu pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti vod [10]. C\u00edlem tohoto informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu bylo vyhodnotit mo\u017en\u00fd efekt schv\u00e1len\u00e9ho programu opat\u0159en\u00ed navr\u017een\u00e9ho v\u00a0r\u00e1mci pl\u00e1n\u016f oblasti povod\u00ed. Ve v\u00fdzkumu proces\u016f v\u00a0povod\u00edch se v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 model MIKE BASIN [11]. Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0extenzi GIS syst\u00e9mu ArcMap slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed pro dynamick\u00e9 modelov\u00e1n\u00ed bilance vody a\u00a0koncentrace l\u00e1tek v\u00a0syst\u00e9mech vodn\u00edch tok\u016f. Tento kvazi-ust\u00e1len\u00fd model proud\u011bn\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje schematizovat postup vlny v\u00a0koryt\u011b. Schematizace kvality vody p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 advek\u010dn\u00ed transport, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e lze tak\u00e9 modelovat rozpad b\u011bhem transportu kinetikou prvn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du. Z\u00a0nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch tuzemsk\u00fdch poznatk\u016f v\u00a0oblasti aplikace matematick\u00fdch model\u016f pro optimalizaci n\u00e1vrh\u016f opat\u0159en\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed eutrofizace vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed lze uv\u00e9st nap\u0159\u00edklad metodiku Hejzlara a\u00a0kol. [12] \u010di aplikaci simula\u010dn\u00edho modelu jakosti povrchov\u00fdch vod SIJAK [3].<\/p>\n<p>S\u00a0ohledem na dlouhodob\u00fd c\u00edl projektu a\u00a0v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0jeho metodick\u00fdmi principy byla vybr\u00e1na dv\u011b modelov\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed. Nejprve se po\u010d\u00edtalo se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu na povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka, kter\u00fd je nejsevern\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edtokem Svratky a\u00a0ovliv\u0148uje mimo jin\u00e9 i\u00a0kvalitu vody ve vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ei V\u00edr. Podle Pr\u016fvodn\u00edho listu povrchov\u00fdch vod [13] je celkov\u00fd stav tohoto vodn\u00edho \u00fatvaru nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed (ekologick\u00fd stav = nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed, chemick\u00fd stav = potenci\u00e1ln\u011b nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed). Na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu \u00fazem\u00ed a\u00a0zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed nutnosti zobecn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f projektu v\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bru \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed bylo rozhodnuto, \u017ee dal\u0161\u00edm modelov\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm bude povod\u00ed \u0159eky Ku\u0159imky. Ku\u0159imka reprezentuje v\u00fdznamn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed podm\u00ednky ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0B\u00edl\u00fdm potokem. Je p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edtokem Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee\u00a0[14] a\u00a0rovn\u011b\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0vodn\u00ed \u00fatvar s\u00a0celkov\u011b nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00edm stavem (ekologick\u00fd stav\u00a0=\u00a0nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed, chemick\u00fd stav = vyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed). V\u00fdb\u011br modelov\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed byl konzultov\u00e1n se z\u00e1stupci Povod\u00ed Moravy, s. p., kte\u0159\u00ed tuto volbu podpo\u0159ili.<\/p>\n<h2>Materi\u00e1l a\u00a0metody<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159edm\u011btem v\u00fdzkumu je identifikace a\u00a0anal\u00fdza bodov\u00fdch a\u00a0plo\u0161n\u00fdch zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0modelov\u00fdch d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch povod\u00edch \u0159eky Svratky a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b optimalizace n\u00e1vrh\u016f opat\u0159en\u00ed pro udr\u017een\u00ed \u010di potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00ed kvality povrchov\u00e9 vody. Pro spln\u011bn\u00ed c\u00edle v\u00a0roce 2016, kter\u00fdm bylo charakterizovat z\u00e1jmov\u00e1 povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka a\u00a0Ku\u0159imky (<em>obr. 1<\/em> a\u00a0<em>2<\/em>), byly vyu\u017eity n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed podklady:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>topografick\u00e9 mapy a\u00a0ortofotomapy, DMT;<\/li>\n<li>vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 mapy;<\/li>\n<li>relevantn\u00ed data \u010cHM\u00da a\u00a0Povod\u00ed Moravy, s. p.;<\/li>\n<li>LPIS a\u00a0mapy BPEJ;<\/li>\n<li>datab\u00e1ze staveb odvodn\u011bn\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>dokumentace st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch pozemkov\u00fdch \u00faprav, \u00daSES a\u00a0\u00daP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vedle shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0anal\u00fdzy vstupn\u00edch podklad\u016f s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm metod GIS prob\u011bhly v\u00a0obou z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch povod\u00edch c\u00edlen\u00e9 ter\u00e9nn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumy. Pro \u00fa\u010dely projektu byly jako hlavn\u00ed parametry kvality vody vybr\u00e1ny obsahy celkov\u00e9ho fosforu (P<sub>celk<\/sub>), celkov\u00e9ho dus\u00edku (N<sub>celk<\/sub>) a\u00a0nerozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek (NL). Vedle nich budou \u00fa\u010delov\u011b sledov\u00e1ny dal\u0161\u00ed parametry s\u00a0ohledem na specifika m\u00e9di\u00ed (nap\u0159. p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 formy \u017eivin \u010di obsahy uhl\u00edku v\u00a0p\u016fd\u00e1ch) \u010di specifika d\u00edl\u010d\u00edho probl\u00e9mov\u00e9ho okruhu (nap\u0159. v\u00a0r\u00e1mci v\u00fdzkumu \u00fa\u010dinnosti plovouc\u00edch ostrov\u016f).<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-1.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4660];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4564 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-1-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-1-768x553.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/576;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 1. Lokalizace z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch povod\u00ed \u2013 B\u00edl\u00fd potok<br \/>\nFig. 1. Localization of studied catchments \u2013 B\u00edl\u00fd potok<\/h6>\n<p>Projekt p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 vyu\u017eit\u00ed hydrometeorologick\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed Povod\u00ed Moravy,\u00a0s.\u00a0p., a\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f jejich monitoringu jakosti vody. Tato data budou \u00fa\u010delov\u011b dopln\u011bna daty \u010cHM\u00da.<\/p>\n<p>Dotazn\u00edkov\u00fdm \u0161et\u0159en\u00edm je zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1no:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>zp\u016fsoby vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed, struktura plodin, zp\u016fsoby zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed, aplikace hnojiv;<\/li>\n<li>intenzita produkce ryb v\u00a0rybn\u00edc\u00edch, s\u00a0t\u00edm spojen\u00e9 dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivin;<\/li>\n<li>\u00fa\u010dinnost st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch \u010cOV a\u00a0mo\u017enosti vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch;<\/li>\n<li>parametry ostatn\u00edch bodov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed (obce, pr\u016fmysl, \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e1 v\u00fdroba).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u00e1le je prov\u00e1d\u011bn c\u00edlen\u00fd monitoring a\u00a0pr\u016fzkumy za \u00fa\u010delem zp\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed dostupn\u00fdch dat:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b odb\u011bry vzork\u016f vody nad a\u00a0pod potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi zdroji zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed (\u010cOV, obce, rybn\u00edky aj.), stanoven\u00ed obsahu P a\u00a0N (v\u00a0celkov\u00e9 a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 form\u011b);<\/li>\n<li>\u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hydrologick\u00fdch charakteristik;<\/li>\n<li>odb\u011bry vzork\u016f p\u016fdy (<em>obr. 3<\/em>) a\u00a0sediment\u016f v\u00a0erozn\u011b ohro\u017een\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch (v\u00a0transektu od vrcholu svahu po \u00fapat\u00ed a\u00a0tok), stanoven\u00ed obsahu P a\u00a0N v\u00a0celkov\u00e9 a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 form\u011b;<\/li>\n<li>odb\u011bry p\u016fdy a\u00a0sediment\u016f p\u0159\u00edmo po erozn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti, geometrick\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed objemu ztr\u00e1ty p\u016fdy v\u00a0d\u016fsledku erozn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti (objemy r\u00fdh a\u00a0sedimenta\u010dn\u00edch ku\u017eel\u016f).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00fdsledky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty p\u016fdy vodn\u00ed eroz\u00ed a\u00a0rozbor\u016f p\u016fdy, plavenin a\u00a0sediment\u016f jsou porovn\u00e1v\u00e1ny s\u00a0v\u00fdsledky matematick\u00fdch model\u016f dlouhodob\u00e9 pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty p\u016fdy vodn\u00ed eroz\u00ed (USLE \u2013 s\u00a0v\u011bdom\u00edm rozd\u00edlnosti \u010dasov\u00e9ho aspektu) a\u00a0transportu l\u00e1tek (SDR, WaTEM\/SEDEM).<\/p>\n<p>Anal\u00fdzou v\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed GIS byly identifikov\u00e1ny oblasti s\u00a0rizikem p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 kontaminace vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f (zorn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u0159e\u017en\u00ed z\u00f3ny). Riziko vyplavov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivin je dominantn\u00ed pro infiltra\u010dn\u011b zraniteln\u00e9 oblasti, kter\u00e9 byly identifikov\u00e1ny pomoc\u00ed Syntetick\u00e9 mapy zranitelnosti povrchov\u00fdch vod a\u00a0dokumentac\u00ed odvodn\u011bn\u00ed (staveb odvodn\u011bn\u00ed). V\u00fdsledky GIS anal\u00fdz se ov\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed ter\u00e9nn\u00edm \u0161et\u0159en\u00edm a\u00a0pedologick\u00fdm pr\u016fzkumem.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-2.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4660];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"568\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4565 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-2-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-2-768x545.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/568;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 2. Lokalizace z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch povod\u00ed \u2013 Ku\u0159imka<br \/>\nFig. 2. Localization of studied catchments \u2013 Ku\u0159imka<\/h6>\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b dostupn\u00fdch hydrologick\u00fdch dat, vlastn\u00edch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0charakteristik \u00fazem\u00ed byl analyzov\u00e1n sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed retence vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b a\u00a0byly modelov\u00e1ny odtokov\u00e9 charakteristiky v\u00a0d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch subpovod\u00edch a\u00a0cel\u00e9m z\u00e1jmov\u00e9m povod\u00ed. Modelov\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed GIS a\u00a0vhodn\u00fdch softwarov\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f (nap\u0159. DesQ, HEC-HMS). Modelov\u011b bude n\u00e1sledn\u011b posouzen vliv navr\u017een\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro omezen\u00ed plo\u0161n\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed na parametry extr\u00e9mn\u00edch odtok\u016f a\u00a0retenci vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby budou r\u00e1mcov\u011b navr\u017eena dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed technick\u00e1 a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e1 vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f projektu je nalezen\u00ed vhodn\u00e9ho technick\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, odt\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00edho z\u00a0mal\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. Jednat se bude o\u00a0jednoduch\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lze osadit do vypou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edch objekt\u016f \u2013 tzv. plovouc\u00ed ostrov. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti testov\u00e1no v\u00a0laborato\u0159\u00edch VUT v\u00a0Brn\u011b (<em>obr. 4<\/em>) a\u00a0byl zalo\u017een poloprovozn\u00ed pokus na rybn\u00edku v\u00a0Old\u0159i\u0161i (povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka).<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edm\u011btem zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho projektu budou ve\u0161ker\u00e9 zdroje maj\u00edc\u00ed vliv na mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00fdch l\u00e1tek ve vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch. V\u00fdsledky pr\u016fzkum\u016f a\u00a0v\u00fdzkumu budou zpracov\u00e1ny v\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed GIS a\u00a0vlo\u017eeny do bilan\u010dn\u00edho modelu P a\u00a0N v\u00a0toku. Jako modelovac\u00ed n\u00e1stroj bude vyu\u017eit MIKE BASIN<sup>\u00a9<\/sup> DHI. Pomoc\u00ed modelu bude vyhodnocen sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav kontaminace povod\u00ed a\u00a0pod\u00edl jednotliv\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a\u00a0bude tak\u00e9 simulov\u00e1na synergick\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost opat\u0159en\u00ed jak na bodov\u00fdch, tak na plo\u0161n\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Model pracuje mj. i\u00a0s\u00a0vlivem samo\u010distic\u00ed schopnosti vodn\u00edch tok\u016f.<\/p>\n<h5>Tabulka 1. Charakteristika klimatick\u00fdch region\u016f<br \/>\nTable 1. Characteristic of climatic regions<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-1.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4660];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"180\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4574 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-1-300x68.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-1-768x173.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/180;\" \/><\/a>\n<p>N\u00e1vrh opat\u0159en\u00ed na plo\u0161n\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch (s\u00a0ohledem na v\u0161echny cesty transportu kontaminant\u016f) v\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed GIS bude zahrnovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby hospoda\u0159en\u00ed, organiza\u010dn\u00ed, agrotechnick\u00e1 i\u00a0technick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed. P\u0159i tom budou zohledn\u011bny podm\u00ednky a\u00a0limity zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby, charakter krajiny, jej\u00ed ekologick\u00e1 stabilita a\u00a0estetika. Opat\u0159en\u00ed biotechnick\u00e9ho charakteru budou navrhov\u00e1na v\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti na \u00fazemn\u00ed syst\u00e9my ekologick\u00e9 stability a\u00a0s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm metod krajinn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Dosa\u017een\u00e9 poznatky za cel\u00fd projekt budou zobecn\u011bny a\u00a0syntetizov\u00e1ny ve form\u011b v\u00fdstup\u016f, kter\u00fdmi budou odborn\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky, metodika, soubor map a\u00a0u\u017eitn\u00fd vzor.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00fdsledky<\/h2>\n<h3>Charakteristika z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch povod\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>B\u00edl\u00fd potok pramen\u00ed v\u00fdchodn\u011b od obce Pomez\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0t\u011bsn\u00e9m sousedstv\u00ed m\u011bsta Poli\u010dky. V\u00a0Poli\u010dce se do n\u011bj vl\u00e9vaj\u00ed od jihu Mod\u0159eck\u00fd a\u00a0Jansk\u00fd potok. Nejdel\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edtokem B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka je \u010cern\u00fd potok, kter\u00fd pramen\u00ed v\u00a0k.\u00a0\u00fa.\u00a0Borov\u00e1 a\u00a0soutok se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0obci Kamenec u\u00a0Poli\u010dky. Z\u00a0Kamence pokra\u010duje B\u00edl\u00fd potok jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edm sm\u011brem a\u00a0sb\u00edr\u00e1 vodu z\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edtok\u016f z\u00a0obou stran. Z\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch to jsou postupn\u011b \u017dlebsk\u00fd potok, \u0160ibeni\u010dn\u00ed potok a\u00a0Korouhevsk\u00fd potok. B\u00edl\u00fd potok \u00fast\u00ed do \u0159eky Svratky v\u00a0obci La\u010dnov a\u00a0plocha povod\u00ed k\u00a0tomuto uz\u00e1v\u011bru \u010din\u00ed 100,5\u2008ha. V\u00a0povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka se nach\u00e1z\u00ed mnoho vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010delu \u2013 rybn\u00edky, koupali\u0161t\u011b, z\u00e1chytn\u00e9 a\u00a0sedimenta\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-3.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4660];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"514\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4566 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-3-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-3-768x493.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/514;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 3. Odb\u011br sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdch p\u016fdn\u00edch vzork\u016f v\u00a0lokalit\u011b transektu K1 v\u00a0povod\u00ed Ku\u0159imky<br \/>\nFig. 3. Taking of mixed soil samples in transect K1 in the Ku\u0159imka catchment<\/h6>\n<p>Ku\u0159imka pramen\u00ed v\u00a0les\u00edch pod vrcholem Bab\u00ed lom. Jej\u00edm prvn\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pravostrann\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edtokem je potok Lip\u016fvka. V\u00a0Ku\u0159imi se do n\u00ed vl\u00e9v\u00e1 Podlesn\u00ed a\u00a0Lu\u010dn\u00ed potok a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00ed vodote\u010de. Na okraji Ku\u0159imi na Lu\u010dn\u00edm potoce se nach\u00e1z\u00ed mal\u00e1 vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed pro rekreaci, jako koupali\u0161t\u011b. V\u00a0k.\u00a0\u00fa.\u00a0Moravsk\u00e9 Kn\u00ednice p\u0159it\u00e9k\u00e1 z\u00a0lev\u00e9 strany Batelovsk\u00fd potok, na kter\u00e9m se nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i men\u0161\u00ed rybn\u00edky. D\u00e1le po toku n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed dva pravostrann\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtoky z\u00a0pol\u00ed a\u00a0jeden z\u00a0obce Chud\u010dice. Ku\u0159imka se vl\u00e9v\u00e1 do Svratky v\u00a0k. \u00fa. m\u011bsta Brna, a\u00a0to p\u0159\u00edmo do horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Nad \u00fast\u00edm byla vybudovan\u00e1 mal\u00e1 sedimenta\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e, kter\u00e1 tvo\u0159\u00ed uz\u00e1v\u011brov\u00fd profil z\u00e1jmov\u00e9ho povod\u00ed (plocha je 49\u2008ha).<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka se setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed dva klimatick\u00e9 regiony \u2013 7 a\u00a08. Jedn\u00e1 se tedy o\u00a0chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0vlh\u010d\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed ne\u017e povod\u00ed Ku\u0159imky, kter\u00e9 se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v\u00a0klimatick\u00e9m regionu 3 a\u00a0\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b 5. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed charakteristiky klimatick\u00fdch region\u016f podle Novotn\u00e9ho, Vopravila a\u00a0kol. [15] uv\u00e1d\u00ed <em>tabulka 1<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00a0geomorfologick\u00e9ho hlediska pat\u0159\u00ed povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka do provincie \u010cesk\u00e1 vyso\u010dina a\u00a0zasahuje do dvou rozd\u00edln\u00fdch subprovinci\u00ed. Severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st spad\u00e1 do subprovincie \u010cesk\u00e9 tabule, konkr\u00e9tn\u011bji do Svitavsk\u00e9 pahorkatiny. Jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st povod\u00ed se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na Hornosvrateck\u00e9 vrchovin\u011b, kter\u00e1 pat\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e do \u010cesko-moravsk\u00e9 subprovincie. Pro reli\u00e9f Svitavsk\u00e9 pahorkatiny jsou charakteristick\u00e9 ploch\u00e9 nebo jemn\u011b modelovan\u00e9 pozvoln\u00e9 svahy a\u00a0\u0161irok\u00e1 \u00fadol\u00ed vodn\u00edch tok\u016f. Reli\u00e9f povod\u00ed v\u00a0Hornosvrateck\u00e9 vrchovin\u011b se vyzna\u010duje vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed sva\u017eitost\u00ed a\u00a0ost\u0159ej\u0161\u00edmi z\u00e1\u0159ezy \u00fadolnic a\u00a0vodote\u010d\u00ed. Vrcholov\u00e9 a\u00a0siln\u011b sva\u017eit\u00e9 partie povod\u00ed jsou zalesn\u011bny. Nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edm bodem povod\u00ed je uz\u00e1v\u011brov\u00fd profil s\u00a0nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou 511\u2008m, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm pak vrch \u017di\u017ekov 753\u2008m n. m. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka \u010din\u00ed 632\u2008m.<\/p>\n<p>Povod\u00ed Ku\u0159imky se \u0159ad\u00ed do provincie \u010cesk\u00e1 vyso\u010dina, \u010cesko-moravsk\u00e9 subprovincie a\u00a0p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u00a0Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 vrchovin\u011b. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011bji zasahuje do \u010dty\u0159 ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch geomorfologick\u00fdch jednotek, a\u00a0sice K\u0159i\u017eanovsk\u00e9 vrchoviny, Boskovick\u00e9 br\u00e1zdy, Bobravsk\u00e9 vrchoviny a\u00a0Drahansk\u00e9 vrchoviny. Reli\u00e9f povod\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed dlouh\u00e9 svahy, roz\u010dlen\u011bn\u00e9 lok\u00e1ln\u00edmi \u00fadolnicemi a\u00a0\u00fadol\u00edmi vodn\u00edch tok\u016f. V\u00fdrazn\u011bji sva\u017eit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed jsou pokryty lesy. Katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed Moravsk\u00e9 Kn\u00ednice prot\u00edn\u00e1 v\u00a0p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b severo-ji\u017en\u00edm sm\u011bru nesouvisl\u00e9 lavicovit\u00e9 t\u011bleso star\u00e9 d\u00e1lnice, kter\u00e1 nebyla nikdy dokon\u010dena, a\u00a0v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti je bu\u010f vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na jako zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 p\u016fda, nebo je porostl\u00e1 p\u0159irozen\u00fdm n\u00e1letem bylin a\u00a0d\u0159evin. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka povod\u00ed je 398\u2008m a\u00a0pohybuje se od 233\u2008m (uz\u00e1v\u011brov\u00fd profil) po 562\u2008m (Bab\u00ed lom).<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-4.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4660];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"558\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4567 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-4-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-4-768x536.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/558;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 4. Laboratorn\u00ed pokusy pro stanoven\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti ko\u0159enov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu rostlin na zlep\u0161en\u00ed jakosti vody<br \/>\nFig. 4. Laboratorial experiments for evaluation of efficiency of plants root system in water quality improvement<\/h6>\n<p>Povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka zasahuje do dvou rozd\u00edln\u00fdch geologick\u00fdch formac\u00ed. Pro \u010ceskou k\u0159\u00eddovou p\u00e1nev jsou jako podlo\u017e\u00ed charakteristick\u00e9 opuky, tzn., \u017ee se zde st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed sl\u00ednovce a\u00a0v\u00e1pnito-j\u00edlovit\u00e9 p\u00edskovce a\u00a0na nich se vyvinuly kambizem\u011b mod\u00e1ln\u00ed. V\u00a0oblasti krystalinika se jako podlo\u017e\u00ed st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b pararuly, diority a\u00a0granodiority. Tak\u00e9 zde p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed kambizem\u011b mod\u00e1ln\u00ed, ale ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch poloh\u00e1ch p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed\u00a0v\u00a0dystrickou varietu. Pod\u00e9l B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka se vyvinuly fluvizem\u011b mod\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u017e glejov\u00e9 na sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdch nivn\u00edch sedimentech. Glejov\u00e9 p\u016fdy se vyskytuj\u00ed v\u00a0\u00fadol\u00edch men\u0161\u00edch tok\u016f. V\u00a0lok\u00e1ln\u00edch depres\u00edch na svahov\u00fdch sedimentech vznikly pseudogleje mod\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0kambizem\u011b oglejen\u00e9. Zrnitostn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed p\u016fd je p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b st\u0159edn\u00ed (hlinit\u00e9) a\u017e leh\u010d\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed (p\u00eds\u010dito-hlinit\u00e9).<\/p>\n<p>Povod\u00ed Ku\u0159imky je tvo\u0159eno brn\u011bnsk\u00fdm mas\u00edvem, pro kter\u00fd je charakteristick\u00fd pestr\u00fd v\u00fdskyt hornin: granity, granodiority, lok\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00e1pence, slepence, brekcie a\u00a0droby. Ve svahov\u00fdch poloh\u00e1ch na uveden\u00fdch hornin\u00e1ch se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kambizem\u011b mod\u00e1ln\u00ed, doprov\u00e1zen\u00e9 pararendzinami a\u00a0pseudoglejemi. V\u00a0\u00fadoln\u00edch poloh\u00e1ch a\u00a0na plo\u0161in\u00e1ch jsou podlo\u017en\u00ed horniny p\u0159ekryty vrstvou spra\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0spra\u0161ov\u00fdch hl\u00edn. Ty p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed mate\u010dn\u00fd substr\u00e1t pro p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed p\u016fdn\u00ed typy v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00fdmi jsou hn\u011bdozem\u011b mod\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0luvizem\u011b mod\u00e1ln\u00ed (v\u010detn\u011b oglejen\u00fdch variet). Lok\u00e1ln\u011b se na spra\u0161\u00edch vyvinuly i\u00a0\u010dernozem\u011b, kter\u00e9 jsou zde v\u0161ak degradovan\u00e9. \u00dadol\u00ed vodn\u00edch tok\u016f jsou vypln\u011bna sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdmi sedimenty a\u00a0na n\u011b navazuje v\u00fdskyt r\u016fzn\u00fdch hydromorfn\u00edch p\u016fd jako fluvizem\u011b, gleje a\u00a0\u010dernice. Zrnitostn\u011b se jedn\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b o\u00a0kvalitn\u00ed hlinit\u00e9 st\u0159edn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 p\u016fdy.<\/p>\n<p>Rozd\u00edly v\u00a0druz\u00edch pozemk\u016f v\u00a0z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch povod\u00edch dokumentuje <em>tabulka 2<\/em>. V\u00a0povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy ne\u017e v\u00a0povod\u00ed Ku\u0159imky, co\u017e je d\u00e1no vysok\u00fdm zorn\u011bn\u00edm severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti \u010cesk\u00e9 tabule.<\/p>\n<h3>Bodov\u00e9 zdroje zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Bodov\u00e9 zdroje p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed kategorii pro velikost zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed tok\u016f P<sub>celk<\/sub>. Pod tuto kategorii \u0159ad\u00edme ve\u0161ker\u00e9 komun\u00e1ln\u00ed zdroje (bez ohledu na zp\u016fsob vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, tzn. i\u00a0ze septik\u016f s\u00a0trativody apod.) a\u00a0pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 zdroje. Anal\u00fdzu bodov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0tvorbu jakostn\u00edho modelu pro \u00fa\u010dely v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho projektu garantuje firma AQUATIS, a. s.<\/p>\n<p>Byl proveden podrobn\u00fd pr\u016fzkum tok\u016f v\u00a0obc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0obou z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch. Do\u0161lo k\u00a0detailn\u00edmu zmapov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech v\u00fdust\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vedou do vodn\u00edho toku. D\u00e1le byly zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1ny \u00fadaje od m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel, co\u017e poslou\u017eilo k\u00a0up\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch popis\u016f v\u00fdust\u00ed. Z\u00a0vybran\u00fdch v\u00fdust\u00ed byly odebr\u00e1ny vzorky, kter\u00e9 Vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 laborato\u0159 Povod\u00ed Moravy, s. p., analyzovala na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed parametry: BSK<sub>5<\/sub>; CHSK<sub>Cr<\/sub>; NLs; N-NH<sub>4<\/sub>; P-PO<sub>4<\/sub>; P<sub>celk<\/sub> a\u00a0N<sub>celk<\/sub>. Byly tak\u00e9 odebr\u00e1ny vzorky z\u00a0toku, kter\u00e9 pomohly l\u00e9pe lokalizovat a\u00a0kvantifikovat zdroje zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Monitorovac\u00ed lokality v\u00a0povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka prezentuje <em>obr. 5<\/em>.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-5.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4660];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"724\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4568 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-5.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-5-300x272.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-5-768x695.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/724;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 5. Situace bodov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a monitorovac\u00edch lokalit v povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka<br \/>\nFig. 5. Situation of point sources and monitored localities in the B\u00edl\u00fd potok catchment<\/h6>\n<p>Z\u00e1stavba v\u00a0povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka je v\u011bt\u0161inou rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1, sest\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch voln\u011b stoj\u00edc\u00edch dom\u016f. V\u00a0neodkanalizovan\u00fdch obc\u00edch nen\u00ed vybudov\u00e1na ani de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1 kanalizace (a\u017e na pom\u011brn\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 \u00faseky v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch obc\u00edch). V\u00a0t\u011bchto obc\u00edch je pak p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed zp\u016fsob likvidace odpadn\u00edch vod \u0159e\u0161en formou septik\u016f s\u00a0trativody (<em>obr. 6<\/em>). M\u011bsto Poli\u010dka m\u00e1 vybudovanou \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b spla\u0161kovou a\u00a0\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b jednotnou kanalizaci. Odpadn\u00ed vody z\u00a0t\u011bchto dvou s\u00eddeln\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f jsou likvidov\u00e1ny na \u010cOV Poli\u010dka. Na tuto \u010dist\u00edrnu je napojeno 95\u00a0% obyvatel m\u011bsta Poli\u010dky a\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00e9 Pomez\u00ed. Odleh\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed vody z\u00a0t\u00e9to \u010cOV m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pod\u00edl na zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm zdrojem zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka jsou vody p\u0159it\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00a0do\u010di\u0161\u0165ovac\u00edch rybn\u00edk\u016f od\u00a0firmy Z\u0158UD Masokombin\u00e1t, a. s., kter\u00e9 se vl\u00e9vaj\u00ed do \u010cern\u00e9ho potoka v\u00a0obci S\u00e1dek. Tento jev byl v\u00a0dob\u011b poch\u016fzky (20.\u00a09.\u00a02016) patrn\u00fd pouh\u00fdm okem, kdy do \u010dir\u00e9 vody \u010cern\u00e9ho potoka nat\u00e9kala \u0161edo-b\u00edle kaln\u00e1 voda z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edtoku od rybn\u00edk\u016f. Vysok\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rybn\u00edk\u016f je d\u00e1no tak\u00e9 prax\u00ed \u010cOV masokombin\u00e1tu vypou\u0161t\u011bt do t\u011bchto n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed \u010dist\u00edrensk\u00fd kal produkovan\u00fd \u010dist\u00edrnou. Na tuto nez\u00e1konnou \u010dinnost byl upozorn\u011bn spr\u00e1vce povod\u00ed, kter\u00fd p\u0159edal v\u011bc k\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u010cI\u017dP.<\/p>\n<h5>Tabulka 2. Druhy pozemk\u016f v\u00a0z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch povod\u00edch<br \/>\nTable 2. Land use in studied catchments<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-2.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4660];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"322\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4575 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-2-300x121.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-2-768x309.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/322;\" \/><\/a>\n<p>Obce v\u00a0povod\u00ed Ku\u0159imky jsou (a\u017e na obec Svino\u0161ice) odkanalizov\u00e1ny do jin\u00e9ho povod\u00ed, na \u010cOV Mod\u0159ice a\u00a0Veversk\u00e1 B\u00edt\u00fd\u0161ka. Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm producentem odpadn\u00edch vod je v\u00a0tomto z\u00e1jmov\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed m\u011bsto Ku\u0159im. P\u0159ehled zp\u016fsob\u016f likvidace odpadn\u00edch vod uv\u00e1d\u00ed <em>obr. 7<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h3>Plo\u0161n\u00e9 zdroje zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdzy erozn\u00ed ohro\u017eenosti z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 dlouhodob\u00e1 ztr\u00e1ta p\u016fdy vodn\u00ed eroz\u00ed je v\u00a0povod\u00ed Ku\u0159imky (G = 11,15\u2008t\u2219ha<sup>-1<\/sup>\u2219rok<sup>-1<\/sup>) v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00a0povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka (G = 4,05\u2008t\u2219ha<sup>-1<\/sup>\u2219rok<sup>-1<\/sup>). D\u016fvodem je synergick\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed v\u00edce p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00fdch faktor\u016f. V\u00a0povod\u00ed Ku\u0159imky jsou jako orn\u00e1 p\u016fda intenzivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny dlouh\u00e9 svahy s\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdm sklonem nad 7\u00b0. Nav\u00edc se zde vyskytuj\u00ed p\u016fdy s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm rizikem erodovatelnosti (vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm faktorem K). V\u00a0povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka je pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 sva\u017eitost celkov\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0strm\u00e9 svahy jsou v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u011bt\u0161inou zatravn\u011bny.<\/p>\n<p>Koncem \u010dervence 2016 prob\u011bhly v\u00a0povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 bou\u0159ky. Jejich \u00fa\u010dinek, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m do\u0161lo k\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed erozn\u00edch r\u00fdh a\u00a0transportu p\u016fdn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stic (<em>obr. 8<\/em>), byl zaznamen\u00e1n pouze na p\u016fdn\u00edm bloku v\u00a0k. \u00fa. Old\u0159i\u0161, kde byly p\u011bstov\u00e1ny brambory a\u00a0\u0159\u00e1dky vedly po sp\u00e1dnici. V\u00fdsledky anal\u00fdzy vzork\u016f p\u016fdy a\u00a0sediment\u016f ukazuj\u00ed na ur\u010ditou tendenci ochuzov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy ve vrcholov\u00fdch parti\u00edch o\u00a0\u017eiviny a\u00a0jejich akumulaci v\u00a0\u00fapat\u00ed. Tento z\u00e1v\u011br je t\u0159eba je\u0161t\u011b potvrdit na z\u00e1klad\u011b opakov\u00e1n\u00ed odb\u011br\u016f a\u00a0anal\u00fdz.<\/p>\n<p>Byla vy\u010d\u00edslena plocha zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edb\u0159e\u017en\u00edch p\u00e1smech pod\u00e9l vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a\u00a0ploch (<em>tabulka 3<\/em>), a\u00a0to ve \u010dty\u0159ech kategori\u00edch: ve vzd\u00e1lenosti do 5, 25, 50 a\u00a0100\u2008m od b\u0159ehov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry. Z\u00a0uveden\u00e9 tabulky vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00a0povod\u00ed Ku\u0159imky sahaj\u00ed bloky orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy \u010dast\u011bji bl\u00edzko k\u00a0vodn\u00edm \u00fatvar\u016fm. Z\u00a0celkov\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bry orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy v\u00a0povod\u00ed Ku\u0159imky (1 600\u2008ha) se 0,2\u00a0% vyskytuje ve vzd\u00e1lenosti men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 5\u2008m od b\u0159eh\u016f a\u00a03,4\u00a0% ve vzd\u00e1lenosti do 25\u2008m. V\u00a0povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka je jako orn\u00e1 p\u016fda vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no pouze 0,03\u00a0% p\u016fdy v\u00a0p\u00e1smu do 5\u2008m a\u00a00,6\u00a0% p\u016fdy ve vzd\u00e1lenosti do 25\u2008m.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-6.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4660];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"948\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4569 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-6.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-6-253x300.jpg 253w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-6-768x910.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/948;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 6. Zp\u016fsob likvidace odpadn\u00edch vod v povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka<br \/>\nFig. 6. Way of sewage water disposal in the B\u00edl\u00fd potok catchment<\/h6>\n<p>V\u00a0povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka zab\u00edraj\u00ed p\u016fdy za\u0159azen\u00e9 do rizikov\u00fdch kategori\u00ed infiltra\u010dn\u00ed zranitelnosti (1 = velmi vysok\u00e1, 2 = vysok\u00e1) 4\u00a0370,5\u2008ha, co\u017e je 43,5\u00a0% z\u00a0plochy povod\u00ed (<em>tabulka 4<\/em>). V\u00a0povod\u00ed Ku\u0159imky je to potom 284\u2008ha, co\u017e je pouze 5,8\u00a0% z\u00a0plochy povod\u00ed. Riziko vyplavov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivin je tedy plo\u0161n\u011b potenci\u00e1ln\u011b rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka, kter\u00e9 se tak\u00e9 vyzna\u010duje v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zastoupen\u00edm dren\u00e1\u017en\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f. Stavby odvodn\u011bn\u00ed zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed v\u00a0povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka plochu 1\u00a0642\u2008ha (16,34\u00a0% z\u00a0plochy povod\u00ed), v\u00a0povod\u00ed Ku\u0159imky potom 352,6\u2008ha (7,2\u00a0% z\u00a0plochy povod\u00ed).<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-7.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4660];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"948\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4570 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-7.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-7-253x300.jpg 253w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-7-768x910.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/948;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 7. Zp\u016fsob likvidace odpadn\u00edch vod v\u00a0povod\u00ed Ku\u0159imky<br \/>\nFig. 7. Way of sewage water disposal in the Ku\u0159imka catchment<\/h6>\n<h3>Retence vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b<\/h3>\n<p>Ze z\u00e1kladn\u00ed anal\u00fdzy retence vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b, uskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00e9 firmou Agroprojekt PSO, s. r. o., lze vybrat n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bry:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 retence je v\u00a0povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka ovlivn\u011bna pouze n\u00e1dr\u017eemi v\u00a0Poli\u010dce a\u00a0do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry i\u00a0soustavami n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0k. \u00fa. Poli\u010dka a\u00a0Jedlov\u00e1 u\u00a0Poli\u010dky. Ostatn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee nemaj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv, a\u00a0to bu\u010f z\u00a0d\u016fvodu jejich mal\u00e9 velikosti, nebo z\u00a0d\u016fvodu jin\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010delu, ne\u017e je retence (rybochovn\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee s\u00a0mal\u00fdm reten\u010dn\u00edm prostorem).<\/li>\n<li>V\u00a0povod\u00ed Ku\u0159imky je pouze jedna n\u00e1dr\u017e s\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm reten\u010dn\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkem a\u00a0to nad Ku\u0159im\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00a0povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka je v\u00a0\u00fazemn\u00edch pl\u00e1nech (\u00daP) navr\u017eena cel\u00e1 \u0159ada reten\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, n\u011bkter\u00e1 jsou ji\u017e ve v\u00fdstavb\u011b (nap\u0159. v\u00a0k. \u00fa. Korouhev \u2013 <em>obr. 9<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li>V\u00a0povod\u00ed Ku\u0159imky jsou v\u00a0\u00daP navr\u017eeny dva poldry v\u00a0bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed bl\u00edzkosti m\u011bsta. Jejich parametry jsou orienta\u010dn\u011b d\u00e1ny generelem.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e1vrh reten\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0pozemkov\u00fdch \u00faprav\u00e1ch nen\u00ed, a\u00a0to ani v\u00a0ji\u017e realizovan\u00fdch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-8.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4660];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4571 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-8.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-8.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-8-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-8-768x512.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/533;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 8. N\u00e1sledky erozn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti v povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka<br \/>\nFig. 8. Effect of erosion event in the B\u00edl\u00fd potok catchment<\/h6>\n<p>V\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu bude v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi rovn\u011b\u017e prov\u011b\u0159ena reten\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost navr\u017een\u00fdch protierozn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Ur\u010dit\u00e9 vymezen\u00ed op\u011bt poskytuj\u00ed \u00daP, kde jsou definov\u00e1ny lokality s\u00a0ohro\u017een\u00edm vodn\u00ed eroz\u00ed. N\u00e1vrh optimalizovan\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed ochrany p\u016fdy a\u00a0vody a\u00a0posouzen\u00ed jejich \u00fa\u010dinnosti bude \u0159e\u0161en v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi projektu.<\/p>\n<h3>Opat\u0159en\u00ed ochrany p\u016fdy a\u00a0vody<\/h3>\n<h4>Pozemkov\u00e9 \u00fapravy<\/h4>\n<p>Anal\u00fdza stavu pozemkov\u00fdch \u00faprav byla provedena pro katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed (k. \u00fa.) vymezen\u00e1 povod\u00edmi jednotliv\u00fdch tok\u016f. V\u00a0povod\u00ed Ku\u0159imky se nach\u00e1z\u00ed p\u011bt katastr\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fazem\u00ed s\u00a0ukon\u010denou komplexn\u00ed pozemkovou \u00fapravou (KoP\u00da) a\u00a0jedno se zah\u00e1jenou. V\u00a0povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka KoP\u00da v\u00a0podstat\u011b neprob\u00edhaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-9.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4660];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4572 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-9.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-9.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-9-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-9-768x576.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/600;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 9. Reten\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e v k. \u00fa. Korouhev<br \/>\nFig. 9. Retention reservoir in Korouhev<\/h6>\n<p>Z\u00a0pohledu n\u00e1vrhu ur\u010dit\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by potenci\u00e1ln\u011b mohla m\u00edt vliv na zlep\u0161en\u00ed kvality vody (protierozn\u00ed a\u00a0vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed), je mo\u017en\u00e9 uv\u00e9st, \u017ee v\u00a0r\u00e1mci pl\u00e1n\u016f spole\u010dn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (PSZ) bylo v\u00a0povod\u00ed Ku\u0159imky navr\u017eeno velmi m\u00e1lo a\u00a0nav\u00edc realizace PSZ siln\u011b v\u00e1zne. V\u00a0k. \u00fa. Moravsk\u00e9 Kn\u00ednice je v\u00a0PSZ navr\u017eeno p\u011bt protierozn\u00edch mez\u00ed s\u00a0travnat\u00fdm p\u00e1sem \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky 4\u2008m o\u00a0celkov\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011b\u0159e cca 0,73\u2008ha. D\u00e1le je v\u00a0tomto k. \u00fa. navr\u017eena jedna zatravn\u011bn\u00e1 \u00fadolnice. V\u00a0k.\u00a0\u00fa.\u00a0Chud\u010dice je navr\u017eeno zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pod\u00edlu trval\u00fdch travn\u00edch porost\u016f (TTP) a\u00a0zalesn\u011bn\u00ed o\u00a0celkov\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011b\u0159e cca 21,2\u2008ha. Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0zatravn\u011bnou \u00fadolnici v\u00a0lokalit\u011b U\u00a0Dubu, d\u00e1le o\u00a0zatravn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u00fazem\u00ed bezprost\u0159edn\u011b nad obc\u00ed. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu jsou dv\u011b sedimenta\u010dn\u00ed j\u00edmky, kter\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem omezuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsun splavenin do povrchov\u00fdch tok\u016f. V\u00a0k. \u00fa. Kn\u00edni\u010dky byla navr\u017eena liniov\u00e1 zele\u0148 podle poln\u00edch cest, d\u00e1le plo\u0161n\u00e1 v\u00fdsadba na povrchu rekultivovan\u00e9 skl\u00e1dky a\u00a0mok\u0159ad. Z\u00a0protierozn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 zm\u00ednit p\u0159eveden\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti pozemk\u016f do TTP.<\/p>\n<h5>Tabulka 3. Pod\u00edl zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edb\u0159e\u017en\u00edch p\u00e1smech vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f<br \/>\nTable 3. Rate of agricultural land in riparian zones of water bodies<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-3.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4660];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"182\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4576 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-3-300x68.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-3-768x175.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/182;\" \/><\/a>\n<p>Pro pot\u0159eby \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee KoP\u00da neprob\u011bhly v\u00a0p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e1, nebo\u0165 je tak mo\u017en\u00e9 jako jeden z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f doporu\u010dit vhodn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mohou pozitivn\u011b p\u016fsobit na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed kvality povrchov\u00e9 vody a\u00a0retence vody v\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed. Rovn\u011b\u017e je v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu otev\u0159en prostor p\u0159ipravit n\u00e1vrh opat\u0159en\u00ed k\u00a0omezen\u00ed degradace zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch p\u016fd a\u00a0transportu \u017eivin a\u00a0splavenin do vodn\u00edch tok\u016f.<\/p>\n<h4>Opat\u0159en\u00ed na vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch<\/h4>\n<p>Vliv plovouc\u00edch ostrov\u016f osazen\u00fdch rostlinami na jakost vody je zkoum\u00e1n ve speci\u00e1ln\u00edch korytech (lyzimetrech) v\u00a0laborato\u0159i VUT v\u00a0Brn\u011b. Prvn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky (<em>tabulka<\/em>\u00a0<em>5<\/em>) ukazuj\u00ed na v\u00fdrazn\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti, zejm\u00e9na u\u00a0zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed N-NH<sub>4<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup>. P\u0159esto\u017ee prostor pod plovouc\u00edm ostrovem by m\u011bl vykazovat anaerobn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, doprov\u00e1zen\u00e9 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed odstran\u011bn\u00ed amoniak\u00e1ln\u00edho dus\u00edku, na\u0161e v\u00fdstupy ukazuj\u00ed na naopak silnou nitrifika\u010dn\u00ed schopnost ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0vodou, kter\u00e1 je vystavena voln\u00e9 vodn\u00ed hladin\u011b (doprov\u00e1zeno vlivem slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, p\u0159estupem kysl\u00edku hladinou apod.). Testovac\u00ed lyzimetr, kter\u00fd je vystaven\u00fd stoj\u00edc\u00ed vod\u011b,\u00a0vykazuje ji\u017e po sedmidenn\u00ed expozici \u00fa\u010dinnost 86\u00a0%. Hodnotu je nutno br\u00e1t jako specifickou pro dan\u00e9 po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed a\u00a0okrajov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, zejm\u00e9na s\u00a0ohledem na absenci pr\u016fto\u010dn\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h5>Tabulka 4. Za\u0159azen\u00ed p\u016fd do kategori\u00ed infiltra\u010dn\u00ed zranitelnosti<br \/>\nTable 4. Soil classification according to categories of infiltration vulnerability<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-4.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4660];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"244\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4577 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-4-300x92.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-4-768x234.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/244;\" \/><\/a>\n<p>U\u00a0parametru CHSK nevykazuj\u00ed v\u00fdsledky z\u00e1sadn\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f, nicm\u00e9n\u011b lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b uplatn\u011bn\u00ed proud\u011bn\u00ed (a\u017e bude osazeno p\u0159ed vypou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edm objektem) bude doch\u00e1zet k\u00a0\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 filtraci ko\u0159enov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem, co\u017e s\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed bude m\u00edt vliv na zachycen\u00ed nerozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 z\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed CHSK.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00edtan\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkem je vysok\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost v\u00a0odstran\u011bn\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho fosforu (P<sub>c<\/sub><sub>elk<\/sub>). V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b lyzimetru s\u00a0um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdm plovouc\u00edm ostrovem se dosahuje po m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed expozici a\u017e 50\u00a0% odstran\u011bn\u00ed. Tento v\u00fdsledek op\u011bt bude v\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00e9m provozu ovlivn\u011bn \u0159adou vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vliv\u016f a\u00a0vstupuj\u00edc\u00edch faktor\u016f.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-10.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4660];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"440\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4573 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-10.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-10.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-10-300x165.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-10-768x422.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/440;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 10. Vizualizace budouc\u00edho u\u017eitn\u00e9ho vzoru<br \/>\nFig. 10. Visualization of future utility model<\/h6>\n<p>V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b prob\u00edh\u00e1 na v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9m pozemku testov\u00e1n\u00ed celkem 14\u2008ks plovouc\u00edch ostrov\u016f (p\u016fdorysn\u00e1 velikost 0,6 \u00d7 0,6\u2008m). Pro toto nov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je rozpracov\u00e1na p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ka u\u017eitn\u00e9ho vzoru, zalo\u017een\u00e1 na uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed plovouc\u00edho ostrova v\u00a0kombinaci s\u00a0vypou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edm (po\u017eer\u00e1kov\u00fdm) objektem, viz <em>obr. 10<\/em>. Instalace tohoto technick\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed byla zah\u00e1jena na mal\u00e9 vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ei v\u00a0povod\u00ed B\u00edl\u00e9ho potoka a\u00a0zapo\u010dne testov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0poloprovozn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<h5>Tabulka 5. \u00da\u010dinnost odstran\u011bn\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed u\u00a0vybran\u00fdch parametr\u016f (%)<br \/>\nTable 5. Efficiency of pollution removal in chosen parameters (%)<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-5.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4660];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"542\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4578 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-5.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-5-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Konecna-tabulka-5-768x520.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/542;\" \/><\/a>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n<p>Byla shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bna vstupn\u00ed data a\u00a0mapov\u00e9 podklady k\u00a0vybran\u00fdm modelov\u00fdm povod\u00edm. Na jejich z\u00e1klad\u011b a\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f rekognoskac\u00ed ter\u00e9nu byla vypracovan\u00e1 charakteristika \u00fazem\u00ed. V\u00a0povod\u00edch byly zah\u00e1jeny monitorovac\u00ed kampan\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na obsahy sledovan\u00fdch \u017eivin v\u00a0p\u016fd\u00e1ch, sedimentech a\u00a0vod\u00e1ch. Byla zji\u0161t\u011bna a\u00a0zdokumentov\u00e1na rozd\u00edlnost p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch podm\u00ednek a\u00a0charakteristik bodov\u00fdch a\u00a0plo\u0161n\u00fdch zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0obou z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch povod\u00edch a\u00a0t\u00edm potvrzena vhodnost vybran\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed pro n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zobecn\u011bn\u00ed dosa\u017een\u00fdch poznatk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Originalita v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho projektu spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0komplexn\u00edm pojet\u00ed ochrany p\u016fdy a\u00a0vody jako vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed, v\u00a0\u0161\u00ed\u0159i ukazatel\u016f (N, P, nerozp. l\u00e1tky) a\u00a0d\u00e1le v\u00a0kvantifikaci \u010dasoprostorov\u00e9 dynamiky v\u0161ech jejich relevantn\u00edch vstup\u016f. V\u00fdstupy projektu poskytnou u\u017eivatel\u016fm podrobn\u00e9 informace o\u00a0stavu a\u00a0prom\u011bnlivosti plo\u0161n\u00e9ho a\u00a0bodov\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch subpovod\u00edch \u0159eky Svratky. Dosa\u017een\u00e9 poznatky budou zobecn\u011bny pro podm\u00ednky \u010cR a\u00a0na z\u00e1klad\u011b optimaliza\u010dn\u00edho matematick\u00e9ho modelu bude vypracov\u00e1n variantn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh opat\u0159en\u00ed tak, aby jeho z\u00e1sady mohly b\u00fdt \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b prosazov\u00e1ny v\u00a0pl\u00e1nech povod\u00ed, pozemkov\u00fdch \u00faprav\u00e1ch, pl\u00e1novac\u00ed dokumentaci. V\u00fdstup projektu tak\u00e9 vyty\u010d\u00ed sm\u011bry, konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 legislativn\u00ed zm\u011bny pro dosa\u017een\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00ed kvality povrchov\u00fdch vod v\u00a0povod\u00edch s\u00a0ohledem na trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 hospoda\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0tvorbu a\u00a0ochranu krajiny.<\/p>\n<h3>Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p><em>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek byl vytvo\u0159en d\u00edky podpo\u0159e MZe \u010cR v\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu NAZV QJ1620040 a\u00a0MZE RO0217. D\u011bkujeme Povod\u00ed Moravy, s. p., za poskytnut\u00ed dat o\u00a0jakosti vody z\u00a0pravideln\u00e9ho monitoringu, \u00fadaj\u016f z\u00a0limnigraf\u016f a\u00a0podkladov\u00e9 GIS vrstvy s\u00a0lokalizac\u00ed evidovan\u00fdch v\u00fdust\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek byl publikov\u00e1n ve sborn\u00edku konference Vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee 2017, ISBN 978-80-905368-5-2.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Presently a demand of sustainable maintenance of water quantity and quality is more and more accented in context of population booming and actual climate change. A research project no. QJ1620040, supported by the Czech Agricultural Research Agency, has started in 2016 with the aim to assess the options for reduction of water pollution both from point and non-point sources with suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus in drinking water sources catchments. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":4571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[1182,453,1181,1183,1180,1184],"coauthors":[1121,1122,1123,1124,1128,1129,1130,1131,1132,1125,1126,1127],"class_list":["post-4660","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-applied-ecology","tag-nitrogen","tag-phosphorus","tag-point-and-non-point-pollution-sources","tag-suspended-solids","tag-svratka-river-catchment","tag-water-quality-mitigation-measures"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4660","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4660"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4660\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30451,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4660\/revisions\/30451"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4660"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4660"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4660"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=4660"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}