![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/ilustracni-fotografie-2_edit.jpg\")
<\/a>\nWebov\u00e9 slu\u017eby jsou poskytov\u00e1ny podle standard\u016f Open Geospatial Consorcium (OGC). Prvn\u00ed z\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb je postavena na standardu Web Map Service (WMS), druh\u00e1 pot\u00e9 na Web Processing Service (WPS).<\/p>\n
V\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed slu\u017eba na b\u00e1zi WPS poskytuje dv\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sady proces\u016f (d\u00e1le v\u00a0textu ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako \u201en\u00e1stroje\u201c). Prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st n\u00e1stroj\u016f vy\u010d\u00edsluje na z\u00e1klad\u011b vstupn\u00edch bodov\u00fdch \u010di polygonov\u00fdch dat a\u00a0d\u00e9lky sr\u00e1\u017eky hodnoty \u00fahrn\u016f n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek za zvolenou dobu opakov\u00e1n\u00ed. Druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st n\u00e1stroj\u016f ji\u017e pracuje s\u00a0\u010dasovou distribuc\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek odvozenou pro pevn\u011b definovanou dobu sr\u00e1\u017eky 6\u00a0hodin a\u00a0krom\u011b \u00fahrnu tak nov\u011b poskytuje i\u00a0teoretick\u00e9 tvary n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek a\u00a0jejich pravd\u011bpodobnost v\u00fdskytu.<\/p>\n
P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek d\u00e1le p\u0159edstavuje modern\u00ed publika\u010dn\u00ed platformu Gisquick, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje snadnou tvorbu vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed interaktivn\u00ed webov\u00e9 mapov\u00e9 aplikace. Zde je vyu\u017eita pro publikaci typizovan\u00e9ho v\u00fdpo\u010dtu n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek na povod\u00edch 4. \u0159\u00e1du s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm WPS n\u00e1stroj\u016f.<\/p>\n
\u00davod<\/h2>\n
Z\u00edskat rychle a\u00a0efektivn\u011b vstupn\u00ed data je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch moment\u016f pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed geografick\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f (GIS) v\u00a0hydrologick\u00e9m modelov\u00e1n\u00ed. Proto se do pop\u0159ed\u00ed dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed modern\u00ed technologie zalo\u017een\u00e9 na principu tzv. webov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb \u010di aplikac\u00ed. Jeden z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f takov\u00e9to webov\u00e9 aplikace m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt model Bilan [1]. Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek p\u0159estavuje vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed mapov\u00fd port\u00e1l RAIN (rain.fsv.cvut.cz) poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed webov\u00e9 slu\u017eby a\u00a0aplikace o\u00a0kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch de\u0161t\u00edch \u2013 n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1ch. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci port\u00e1lu jsou provozov\u00e1ny v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti dva typy webov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. Prvn\u00ed z\u00a0nich, OGC WMS \u2013 Web Map Service, m\u00e1 za c\u00edl poskytovat n\u00e1hled na mapov\u00e9 vrstvy N-let\u00fdch maxim\u00e1ln\u00edch denn\u00edch \u00fahrn\u016f za \u00fa\u010delem tvorby mapov\u00fdch kompozic. Druh\u00fdm typem slu\u017eby je OGC WPS \u2013 Web Processing Service poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee u\u017eivatel vzd\u00e1len\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvat. C\u00edlem t\u011bchto slu\u017eeb je poskytnout u\u017eivateli geograficky lokalizovan\u00e1 sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e1 data a\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u011b i\u00a0n\u00e1stroje pro jejich zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Provozovan\u00e9 webov\u00e9 slu\u017eby jsou po technologick\u00e9 str\u00e1nce implementov\u00e1ny na b\u00e1zi open source komponent, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b jde o\u00a0opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m Debian, mapov\u00fd server MapServer, WPS framework PyWPS a\u00a0GIS analytick\u00fd n\u00e1stroj GRASS GIS. Auto\u0159i zvolili open source komponenty p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s\u00a0c\u00edlem dlouhodob\u00e9 udr\u017eitelnosti \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho na extern\u00edm dodavateli. Z\u00a0pohledu u\u017eivatele jsou mapov\u00e9 podklady a\u00a0v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed slu\u017eby zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bny v\u00a0libovoln\u00e9m softwaru, kter\u00fd podporuje slu\u017eby OGC WMS a\u00a0WPS.<\/p>\n
Datov\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna provozovan\u00fdch webov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb<\/h3>\n
Z\u00e1kladem poskytovan\u00fdch dat jsou p\u0159edzpracovan\u00e9 rastrov\u00e9 vrstvy. Jedn\u00edm typem vrstev jsou denn\u00ed \u00fahrny odvozen\u00e9 na z\u00e1klad\u011b bodov\u00fdch hodnot publikovan\u00fdch \u0160amajem [2]. Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0rastrov\u00e1 data v\u00a0prostorov\u00e9m rozli\u0161en\u00ed 1\u2008km, hodnoty byly vyhodnoceny pro doby opakov\u00e1n\u00ed 2 a\u017e 100\u00a0let. Metodu plo\u0161n\u00e9 interpolace bodov\u00fdch hodnot na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00edcerozm\u011brn\u00e9 regrese podrobn\u011bji popisuje Kavka [3].<\/p>\n Druh\u00fdm typem vrstev jsou odhady \u0161estihodinov\u00fdch \u00fahrn\u016f odvozen\u00fdch na z\u00e1klad\u011b desetilet\u00e9 \u0159ady adjustovan\u00fdch radarov\u00fdch dat a\u00a0pozemn\u00edch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se sice o\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed datov\u00fd podklad (2002\u20132011), nicm\u00e9n\u011b pro frekven\u010dn\u00ed anal\u00fdzu dostupn\u00e1 desetilet\u00e1 \u0159ada pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0sebou nese nejistoty zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0oblasti \u00fahrn\u016f dlouh\u00fdch dob opakov\u00e1n\u00ed. Podrobn\u00fd popis odvozen\u00ed t\u011bchto vrstev je teprve p\u0159ipravov\u00e1n k\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku M\u00fcllera a kol. viz [5]. Tato vstupn\u00ed data\u00a0obsahuj\u00ed krom\u011b informace o\u00a0hodnot\u011b \u0161estihodinov\u00e9ho \u00fahrnu sr\u00e1\u017eky i\u00a0pravd\u011bpodobnosti v\u00fdskytu \u0161esti typizovan\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch pr\u016fb\u011bh\u016f sr\u00e1\u017eky v\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti na zvolen\u00e9 lokalit\u011b v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u010cR.<\/p>\n C\u00edlem slu\u017eby Web Map Service (WMS) je poskytnout n\u00e1hled rastrov\u00fdch vrstev N-let\u00fdch maxim\u00e1ln\u00edch denn\u00edch \u00fahrn\u016f jednoduchou a\u00a0snadno dostupnou formou. WMS je nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm typem webov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, proto nechyb\u00ed ani v\u00a0p\u0159edstavovan\u00e9m port\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n V\u00a0r\u00e1mci t\u00e9to slu\u017eby jsou dostupn\u00e9 n\u00e1hledy N-let\u00fdch maxim\u00e1ln\u00edch denn\u00edch \u00fahrn\u016f v\u00a0prostorov\u00e9m rozli\u0161en\u00ed 1\u2008km. Podporovan\u00fdmi sou\u0159adnicov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my jsou S-JTSK (EPSG:5514), UTM 33N (EPSG:32633) a\u00a0WGS-84 (EPSG:4326). Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed vrstvy (obr. 1<\/em>):<\/p>\n Slu\u017eba je dostupn\u00e1 na adrese https:\/\/rain1.fsv.cvut.cz\/services\/wms, podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace je mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat na str\u00e1nce port\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n Krom\u011b dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9 a\u00a0roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 slu\u017eby WMS je v\u00a0r\u00e1mci port\u00e1lu poskytov\u00e1na i\u00a0pro u\u017eivatele zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slu\u017eba Web Processing Service (WPS), kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdpo\u010det hodnot \u00fahrn\u016f n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek podle zadan\u00fdch vstupn\u00edch parametr\u016f. Jeliko\u017e jsou ve\u0161ker\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty prov\u00e1d\u011bny na vzd\u00e1len\u00e9m serveru, nepot\u0159ebuje u\u017eivatel, krom\u011b WPS klienta, instalovat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed softwarov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj.<\/p>\n V\u00a0r\u00e1mci t\u00e9to slu\u017eby m\u016f\u017ee u\u017eivatel p\u0159istupovat k\u00a0celkem p\u011bti r\u016fzn\u00fdm n\u00e1stroj\u016fm. Prvn\u00ed t\u0159i (d-rain-shp, d-rain-csv a\u00a0d-rain-point) vrac\u00ed hodnoty \u00fahrn\u016f n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek v\u00a0mm pro u\u017eivatelem zadan\u00e1 vektorov\u00e1 polygonov\u00e1 \u010di bodov\u00e1 data, dobu opakov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0d\u00e9lku sr\u00e1\u017eky. Hodnota \u00fahrnu n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky zvolen\u00e9 d\u00e9lky trv\u00e1n\u00ed je po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na na v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edm serveru n\u00e1strojem r.subdayprecip.design zalo\u017een\u00e9m na redukci denn\u00edch \u00fahrn\u016f podle zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho vztahu a\u00a0koeficient\u016f metodiky [4]. \u00dahrny jsou z\u00edsk\u00e1ny pomoc\u00ed zon\u00e1ln\u00ed statistiky nad rastrem denn\u00edch \u00fahrn\u016f s\u00a0prostorov\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm 1\u2008km, jeho\u017e odvozen\u00ed popisuje Kavka a\u00a0kol. [3]. Tento n\u00e1stroj tedy u\u017eivatel\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvali nap\u0159\u00edklad ru\u010dn\u011b interpolovan\u00e9 a\u00a0pro \u010cR tabelovan\u00e9 denn\u00ed hodnoty a\u00a0na jejich z\u00e1klad\u011b pak reduk\u010dn\u00ed metodou ur\u010dovali sr\u00e1\u017eku zvolen\u00e9 d\u00e9lky, v\u00fdznamn\u011b usnad\u0148uje jej\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed. Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee byly N-let\u00e9 \u00fahrny odvozeny jako bodov\u00e9 hodnoty, maj\u00ed slu\u017eby definov\u00e1ny plo\u0161n\u00e9 omezen\u00ed na vstupn\u00ed data. Pro polygony s\u00a0v\u00fdm\u011brou nad 20\u2008km2<\/sup> vrac\u00ed n\u00e1stroje chybovou hodnotu \u00fahrnu n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky -1.<\/p>\n V\u00fd\u0161e zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9 t\u0159i n\u00e1stroje se li\u0161\u00ed pouze typem v\u00fdstupu. Zat\u00edmco n\u00e1stroj d-rain-shp vrac\u00ed v\u00fdstupn\u00ed data v\u00a0GIS form\u00e1tu Esri Shapefile, d-rain-csv poskytuje vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 \u00fahrny n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek v\u00a0textov\u00e9m form\u00e1tu Comma Seperated Values (CSV), kter\u00e1 si m\u016f\u017ee u\u017eivatel otev\u0159\u00edt v\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m tabulkov\u00e9m procesoru. Posledn\u00ed uveden\u00fd n\u00e1stroj d-rain-point vy\u010d\u00edsl\u00ed hodnotu n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky pouze pro jeden zadan\u00fd bod. Tato slu\u017eba je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na v\u00a0navazuj\u00edc\u00ed webov\u00e9 aplikaci, viz kapitola Webov\u00e1 aplikace pro bodov\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky. N\u00e1sleduje p\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdstupu n\u00e1stroje d-rain-csv s\u00a0d\u00e9lkou sr\u00e1\u017eky 3\u00a0hodiny (T180) a\u00a0dobou opakov\u00e1n\u00ed 2 a\u00a05\u00a0let (N2 a\u00a0N5). Prvn\u00ed sloupec obsahuje jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 identifik\u00e1tory vstupn\u00edch vektorov\u00fdch prvk\u016f.<\/p>\n ID, H_N2T180_mm, H_N5T180_mm<\/p>\n 109030830, 25.7, 39.0<\/p>\n 109030850, 25.0, 38.1<\/p>\n 109030810, 25.4, 38.6<\/p>\n …<\/p>\n Druh\u00e1 skupina n\u00e1stroj\u016f je fixov\u00e1na na d\u00e9lku trv\u00e1n\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eky 6\u00a0hodin. Tato slu\u017eba vrac\u00ed u\u017eivateli \u0161estihodinov\u00e9 \u00fahrny v\u010detn\u011b jejich \u010dasov\u00e9ho pr\u016fb\u011bhu podle jednoho a\u017e \u0161esti typick\u00fdch tvar\u016f n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek. Krom\u011b jednotliv\u00fdch typ\u016f \u010dasov\u00e9ho pr\u016fb\u011bhu tak\u00e9 vrac\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost jejich v\u00fdskytu. Typick\u00e9 pr\u016fb\u011bhy a\u00a0jejich pravd\u011bpodobnosti v\u00fdskytu jsou ozna\u010dov\u00e1ny p\u00edsmeny A\u00a0a\u017e F. Hodnoty \u0161estihodinov\u00fdch \u00fahrn\u016f byly odvozeny frekven\u010dn\u00ed anal\u00fdzou radarov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fdch dat. Pou\u017eit\u00e9 metody detailn\u011bji popisuje M\u00fcller [5].<\/p>\n Prvn\u00ed z\u00a0t\u011bchto n\u00e1stroj\u016f, d-rain6h-timedist, vy\u010d\u00edsl\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bhy \u0161estihodinov\u00fdch n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek v\u010detn\u011b jejich pravd\u011bpodobnosti v\u00fdskytu na z\u00e1klad\u011b vstupn\u00edch polygonov\u00fdch \u010di bodov\u00fdch dat zadan\u00fdch u\u017eivatelem. \u00dahrn sr\u00e1\u017eky je vy\u010d\u00edslen na z\u00e1klad\u011b zon\u00e1ln\u00ed statistiky nad rastrem \u0161estihodinov\u00fdch \u00fahrn\u016f. \u00dahrn je d\u00e1le distribuov\u00e1n do \u010dasov\u00e9ho pr\u016fb\u011bhu pomoc\u00ed bezrozm\u011brn\u00fdch typizovan\u00fdch distribu\u010dn\u00edch k\u0159ivek. Pravd\u011bpodobnost v\u00fdskytu dan\u00e9ho typu pr\u016fb\u011bhu sr\u00e1\u017eky\u00a0je odvozena takt\u00e9\u017e zon\u00e1ln\u00ed statistikou nad rastry relativn\u00edch \u010detnost\u00ed v\u00a0prostorov\u00e9m rozli\u0161en\u00ed 1\u2008km.<\/p>\n Druh\u00fd n\u00e1stroj totalrain6h-timedist vrac\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bhy \u0161estihodinov\u00fdch n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek pro u\u017eivatelem p\u0159\u00edmo zadanou hodnotu \u00fahrnu n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky. Tento n\u00e1stroj umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u017eivateli zadat jin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem z\u00edskan\u00fd \u00fahrn \u0161estihodinov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky, nap\u0159\u00edklad na z\u00e1klad\u011b dat z\u00edskan\u00fdch od \u010cHM\u00da. \u010casov\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh sr\u00e1\u017eky je odvozen stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jako v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159edchoz\u00edho n\u00e1stroje. Pravd\u011bpodobnost v\u00fdskytu jednotliv\u00fdch typ\u016f pr\u016fb\u011bhu sr\u00e1\u017eky neposkytuje. Oba n\u00e1stroje vrac\u00ed v\u00fdsledky v\u00a0jednoduch\u00e9m textov\u00e9m form\u00e1tu CSV. P\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdstupu n\u00e1stroje d-rain6h-timedist pro dobu opakov\u00e1n\u00ed 2\u00a0a\u00a05\u00a0let (N2 a\u00a0N5) s\u00a0tvarem n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky typu A\u00a0(viz [5]):<\/p>\n ID, CAS_min, H_N2typA_mm, H_N5typA_mm, P_N2typA_%, P_N5typA_%<\/p>\n 109030830,0,,,16.0,14.3<\/span><\/p>\n 109030830,5,0.006,0.008,,<\/span><\/p>\n 109030830,10,0.009,0.013,,<\/span><\/p>\n \u2026<\/span><\/p>\n 109030830,355,0.028,0.038,,<\/span><\/p>\n 109030830,360,0.016,0.021,,<\/span><\/p>\n 109030850,0,,,13.3,11.8<\/span><\/p>\n 109030850,5,0.006,0.008,,<\/span><\/p>\n 109030850,10,0.009,0.012,,<\/span><\/p>\n \u2026<\/span><\/p>\n Prvn\u00ed sloupec (v\u00a0na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem ID) je jednozna\u010dn\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor vybran\u00fd u\u017eivatelem z\u00a0atribut\u016f vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edch se v\u00a0odes\u00edlan\u00e9m vektorov\u00e9m GIS souboru (typicky nap\u0159. ve form\u00e1tu Esri Shapefile), kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159i\u0159adit vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 hodnoty p\u016fvodn\u00edm vektorov\u00fdm prvk\u016fm. N\u00e1zev kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho atributu je zad\u00e1n jako parametr WPS n\u00e1stroje keycolumn.<\/p>\n Prvn\u00ed datov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1dek pro ka\u017ed\u00fd prvek (zv\u00fdrazn\u011bn zelenou barvou) ji\u017e obsahuje rozepsan\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobnosti v\u00fdskytu dan\u00e9ho tvaru n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky, ve v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edkladu jde o\u00a0sloupce P_N2typA_% a\u00a0P_N5typA_%. Na dal\u0161\u00edch \u0159\u00e1dc\u00edch (\u017elut\u00e1 barva) jsou pot\u00e9 rozeps\u00e1ny v\u00a0kroku po 5 minut\u00e1ch \u00fahrny n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek pro danou dobu opakov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0typ tvaru sr\u00e1\u017eky, v\u00a0na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jde o\u00a0sloupce CAS_min, H_N2typA_mm a\u00a0H_N5typA_mm.<\/p>\n V\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed webov\u00e9 slu\u017eby typu WPS lze volat p\u0159\u00edmo z\u00a0be\u017en\u00e9ho webov\u00e9ho prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010de, nicm\u00e9n\u011b pro drtivou v\u011bt\u0161inu u\u017eivatel\u016f je p\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed specializovan\u00e9 aplikace, tzv. WPS klienta. V\u00a0textu je prezentov\u00e1no pou\u017eit\u00ed WPS slu\u017eby v\u00a0dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9m open source GIS n\u00e1stroji QGIS, kter\u00fd je voln\u011b dostupn\u00fd, podporuje slu\u017ebu OGC WPS, a\u00a0tud\u00ed\u017e je i\u00a0ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u0161irokou ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed. Po instalaci WPS klienta do prost\u0159ed\u00ed QGIS m\u016f\u017eeme voln\u011b p\u0159istoupit k\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm n\u00e1stroj\u016fm, jako je nap\u0159. d-rain-shp, viz obr. 2<\/em> a\u00a03<\/em>. D\u00e1le byla slu\u017eba WPS testov\u00e1na v\u00a0roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9m softwaru Esri ArcGIS, ten ale bohu\u017eel standard OGC WPS nativn\u011b nepodporuje a\u00a0softwary t\u0159et\u00edch stran v\u00a0podob\u011b WPS klienta nefunguj\u00ed zcela bez probl\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n V\u00fdsledek v\u00fdpo\u010dtu se pot\u00e9 zobraz\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00a0mapov\u00e9m okn\u011b QGISu, viz obr. 4<\/em>.<\/p>\n Slu\u017eba je dostupn\u00e1 na adrese https:\/\/rain1.fsv.cvut.cz\/services\/wps. Podrobn\u00fd n\u00e1vod vol\u00e1n\u00ed WPS n\u00e1stroje z\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed desktopov\u00e9ho programu QGIS je dostupn\u00fd v\u00a0dokumentaci port\u00e1lu1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n Na webov\u00e9 slu\u017eby OGC WMS a\u00a0WPS navazuj\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci port\u00e1lu provozovan\u00e9 webov\u00e9 aplikace. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0jednoduchou webovou aplikaci pro bodov\u00fd ode\u010det \u00fahrnu n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky a\u00a0komplexn\u00ed webovou platformu umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed snadnou publikaci v\u00fdsledk\u016f v\u00fdpo\u010dtu n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek v\u00a0podob\u011b interaktivn\u00ed webov\u00e9 mapov\u00e9 aplikace. Podobn\u011b jako v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b webov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb jsou i\u00a0webov\u00e9 aplikace postaveny na b\u00e1zi open source softwarov\u00fdch komponent, a\u00a0to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm projektu Gisquick, kter\u00fd byl pro \u00fa\u010dely prezentovan\u00e9ho port\u00e1lu upraven, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b dopln\u011bn o\u00a0mo\u017enost zobrazen\u00ed tzv. info panelu v\u010detn\u011b interaktivn\u00edho grafu [6]. V\u00a0duchu open source v\u00fdvoje byly tyto \u00fapravy zp\u011btn\u011b za\u010dlen\u011bny do projektu Gisquick, mohou z\u00a0nich \u010derpat tud\u00ed\u017e i\u00a0jeho dal\u0161\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9. Podrobn\u00e9 informace jsou k\u00a0dispozici v\u00a0dokumentaci na adrese https:\/\/rain1.fsv.cvut.cz\/docs.<\/p>\n Z\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u00edho z\u00e1m\u011bru prezentovat \u00fahrny n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek pro typizovan\u00e1 povod\u00ed 4. \u0159\u00e1du v\u010detn\u011b jejich teoretick\u00fdch tvar\u016f vznikla \u0161iroce rozkro\u010den\u00e1 webov\u00e1 platforma umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed relativn\u011b snadnou publikaci vlastn\u00edch dat. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1kladem z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 uk\u00e1zkov\u00e1 aplikace, kter\u00e1 zobrazuje typizovanou vrstvu povod\u00ed 4. \u0159\u00e1du s\u00a0vy\u010d\u00edslen\u00fdmi \u00fahrny n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek v\u00a0t\u00e9matech podle doby opakov\u00e1n\u00ed (2, 5, 10, 20, 50 a\u00a0100\u00a0let) odvozen\u00fdmi pro pevn\u011b definovanou dobu sr\u00e1\u017eky 6\u00a0hodin. Pomoc\u00ed vestav\u011bn\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroje identify<\/em> lze pro vybran\u00e9 povod\u00ed zobrazit grafickou interpretaci pr\u016fb\u011bhu teoretick\u00fdch tvar\u016f, viz obr. 5<\/em>. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed \u0161estihodinov\u00e9ho \u00fahrnu do p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch tvar\u016f v\u010detn\u011b pravd\u011bpodobnosti jejich v\u00fdskytu ve form\u00e1tu CSV (odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed funkcionalitou webov\u00e9mu n\u00e1stroji d-rain6h-timedist). Aplikace je dostupn\u00e1 na adrese https:\/\/rain1.fsv.cvut.cz\/webapp\/gisquick.<\/p>\n Zaj\u00edmavou funkcionalitou webov\u00e9 platformy Gisquick je mo\u017enost publikovat vlastn\u00ed mapov\u00e9 projekty. Ka\u017ed\u00fd u\u017eivatel si m\u016f\u017ee vytvo\u0159it webovou aplikaci podobnou t\u00e9, kter\u00e1 byla p\u0159edstavena v\u00a0\u00favodu t\u00e9to kapitoly. Proces tvorby mapov\u00e9ho projektu od registrace do syst\u00e9mu a\u017e po jeho publikov\u00e1n\u00ed je podrobn\u011b pops\u00e1n v\u00a0dokumentaci (https:\/\/rain1.fsv.cvut.cz\/docs). V\u00a0tomto textu budou zm\u00edn\u011bny pouze podstatn\u00e9 body publika\u010dn\u00edho procesu. Publikace vlastn\u00edch projekt\u016f vy\u017eaduje registraci u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dtu v\u00a0platform\u011b Gisquick ve form\u011b vypln\u011bn\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9ho formul\u00e1\u0159e a\u00a0potvrzen\u00ed registrace e-mailovou komunikac\u00ed. Mapov\u00fd projekt mus\u00ed b\u00fdt nejprve p\u0159ipraven na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di u\u017eivatele, a\u00a0to v\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed open source n\u00e1stroje QGIS, viz obr. 6<\/em>.<\/p>\n V\u00a0druh\u00e9m kroku je tento projekt publikov\u00e1n specializovan\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem \u201eGisquick plugin\u201d (viz obr. 7<\/em>) do formy ZIP souboru, kter\u00fd mu\u017ee b\u00fdt pot\u00e9 p\u0159es webov\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed Gisquicku nahr\u00e1n na publika\u010dn\u00ed server, viz obr. 8<\/em>.<\/p>\n Po nahr\u00e1n\u00ed projektu do webov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed Gisquick je automaticky vytvo\u0159ena webov\u00e1 mapov\u00e1 aplikace, proces publikace je dokon\u010den. V\u00fdsledek je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn na obr. 9<\/em>.<\/p>\n Tato aplikace vznikla jako pilotn\u00ed uk\u00e1zka integrace nab\u00edzen\u00fdch WPS n\u00e1stroj\u016f do b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 webov\u00e9 mapov\u00e9 aplikace. V\u00a0jednoduch\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165ovan\u00e9m knihovnou OpenLayers je mo\u017en\u00e9 volat n\u00e1stroj d-rain-point (viz kapitola Web Processing Service), a\u00a0tak interaktivn\u011b pro dan\u00fd bod ode\u010d\u00edtat p\u0159i zadan\u00e9 hodnot\u011b doby opakov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0d\u00e9lky sr\u00e1\u017eky hodnotu \u00fahrnu n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky v\u00a0mm. Polohu bodu lze p\u0159itom zadat bu\u010f interaktivn\u011b kliknut\u00edm, \u010di posunem bodu v\u00a0map\u011b, nebo p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm zad\u00e1n\u00edm sou\u0159adnic zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 d\u00e9lky a\u00a0\u0161\u00ed\u0159ky do webov\u00e9ho formul\u00e1\u0159e, viz obr. 10<\/em>. Aplikace je dostupn\u00e1 na adrese https:\/\/rain1.fsv.cvut.cz\/webapp\/d-rain-point.<\/p>\n P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek prezentuje mapov\u00fd port\u00e1l rain.fsv.cvut.cz poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed webov\u00e9 slu\u017eby a\u00a0aplikace pro odvozen\u00ed kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch de\u0161\u0165\u016f \u2013 n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek. Vznik tohoto port\u00e1lu umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u017eivatel\u016fm z\u00edskat n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky pro kteroukoliv lokalitu v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u010cR efektivn\u00ed a\u00a0modern\u00ed formou. Dopl\u0148uje tak obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b z\u00edskateln\u00fd zdroj dat pro hydrologick\u00e9 modelov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ve\u0159ejnosti jsou nab\u00eddnuty nejen n\u00e1hledy rastrov\u00fdch vrstev N-let\u00fdch maxim\u00e1ln\u00edch denn\u00edch \u00fahrn\u016f, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm specializovan\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje pro ur\u010den\u00ed \u00fahrn\u016f n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek a\u00a0jejich typick\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch pr\u016fb\u011bh\u016f pro geografick\u00e1 vstupn\u00ed data zadan\u00e1 u\u017eivatelem. Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee jsou tyto v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje poskytov\u00e1ny jako webov\u00e1 slu\u017eba (WPS), nekladou na stran\u011b u\u017eivatele omezen\u00ed na pou\u017eit\u00fd software, platformu \u010di za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. K\u00a0jejich konzumaci sta\u010d\u00ed softwarov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj podporuj\u00edc\u00ed slu\u017ebu WPS.<\/p>\n Z\u00a0tohoto pohledu je port\u00e1l inovativn\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0oblasti hydrologick\u00e9ho modelov\u00e1n\u00ed, kde nejsou podobn\u011b navr\u017een\u00e9 webov\u00e9 slu\u017eby b\u011b\u017en\u00e9. Na webov\u00e9 slu\u017eby navazuje samostatn\u00e1 webov\u00e1 aplikace pro v\u00fdpo\u010det \u00fahrnu n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky pro zadan\u00fd bod a\u00a0webov\u00e1 platforma Gisquick umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed vy\u010d\u00edslen\u00e9 \u00fahrny n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek prezentovat atraktivn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem ve form\u011b webov\u00e9 mapov\u00e9 aplikace. Port\u00e1l tak sv\u00fdm u\u017eivatel\u016fm nab\u00edz\u00ed ucelenou \u0161k\u00e1lu webov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb a\u00a0prezenta\u010dn\u00ed mo\u017enosti online.<\/p>\n https:\/\/rain1.fsv.cvut.cz\/docs\/projekt.html#vypocet-uhrnu-navrhovych-srazek<\/p>\n Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vznikl v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu NAZV QJ1520265 Vliv variability kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho odtoku v\u00a0mal\u00fdch povod\u00edch \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky na hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s\u00a0vodou v\u00a0krajin\u011b.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" In the field of GIS support for hydrological modelling there has been distinct evolution towards so called web services, which enable the users to obtain necessary input data for modelling in a fast and effective way. With respect to design rainfall data \u2013 one of the key component \u2013 the deficit has been considerable. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":4416,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[1101,279,1098,1103,1102],"coauthors":[1069,1066,1065,1070],"class_list":["post-4460","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydraulics-hydrology-and-hydrogeology","tag-design-rainfalls","tag-gis","tag-hydrological-modelling","tag-publishing","tag-web-services"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4460","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4460"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4460\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30443,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4460\/revisions\/30443"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4416"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4460"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4460"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4460"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=4460"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}<\/a>\nObr. 1. WMS vrstva 2let\u00fdch maxim\u00e1ln\u00edch denn\u00edch \u00fahrn\u016f zobrazen\u00e1 v\u00a0programu QGIS
\nFig. 1. WMS layer of maximum daily rainfall depths with return period of 2 years displayed in QGIS<\/h6>\nWebov\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/h2>\n
Web Map Service<\/h3>\n
\n
Web Processing Service<\/h3>\n
<\/a>\nObr. 2. V\u00fdb\u011br WPS n\u00e1stroje d-rain-shp v\u00a0programu QGIS
\nFig. 2. Choosing d-rain-shp WPS tool in QGIS<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 3. Spu\u0161ten\u00ed WPS n\u00e1stroje d-rain-shp pro dobu opakov\u00e1n\u00ed 2\u00a0roky a\u00a0d\u00e9lkou sr\u00e1\u017eky 120\u00a0min
\nFig. 3. Launching d-rain-shp WPS tool with input parameters of return period of 2 years and rain length of 120\u00a0min<\/h6>\nVyu\u017eit\u00ed webov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb v\u00a0r\u00e1mci (Q)GIS<\/h3>\n
<\/a>\nObr. 4. P\u0159\u00edklad vizualizace hodnot \u00fahrn\u016f n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek vypo\u010dten\u00fdch n\u00e1strojem d-rain-shp v\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed programu QGIS
\nFig. 4. Visualision of design rainfall depths computed by d-rain-shp tool in QGIS environment<\/h6>\nWebov\u00e9 aplikace a\u00a0publikov\u00e1n\u00ed dat<\/h2>\n
Webov\u00e1 platforma Gisquick pro publikov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dtu n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky<\/h3>\n
<\/a>\nObr. 5. Zobrazen\u00ed teoretick\u00fdch pr\u016fb\u011bh\u016f n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek pro dan\u00e9 povod\u00ed na webov\u00e9 platform\u011b Gisquick
\nFig. 5. Visualisation of typical temporal distribution of a\u00a0design rainfall for given basin in Gisquick web publishing platform<\/h6>\nProces tvorby vlastn\u00ed webov\u00e9 aplikace<\/h4>\n
<\/a>\nObr. 6. P\u0159\u00edprava mapov\u00e9ho projektu v\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed programu QGIS
\nFig. 6. Map project preparation in QGIS<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 7. Publikace mapov\u00e9ho projektu pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1stroje Gisquick plugin
\nFig. 7. Map project publication using Gisquick plugin<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 8. Nahr\u00e1n\u00ed mapov\u00e9ho projektu ve form\u00e1tu ZIP do webov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed Gisquick
\nFig. 8. Uploading map project in ZIP format in web Gisquick interface<\/h6>\n<\/a>\nObr. 9. P\u0159\u00edklad vlastn\u00ed publikovan\u00e9 webov\u00e9 aplikace zobrazen\u00e9 v\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m webov\u00e9m prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010di
\nFig. 9. Example of sample published web application shown in common web browser<\/h6>\nWebov\u00e1 aplikace pro bodov\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky<\/h3>\n
Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n
<\/a>\nObr. 10. Uk\u00e1zka v\u00fdpo\u010dtu n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky pro zadan\u00fd bod ve webov\u00e9 aplikaci
\nFig. 10. Calculation of the design rainfall depth for given location in the web application<\/h6>\nPozn\u00e1mky<\/h4>\n
Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n