{"id":4146,"date":"2017-11-10T09:52:35","date_gmt":"2017-11-10T08:52:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=4146"},"modified":"2024-07-16T12:29:23","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T11:29:23","slug":"how-construction-of-water-reservoirs-in-south-moravia-affected-communities-of-aquatic-and-wetland-plants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2017\/11\/how-construction-of-water-reservoirs-in-south-moravia-affected-communities-of-aquatic-and-wetland-plants\/","title":{"rendered":"How construction of water reservoirs in South Moravia affected communities of aquatic and wetland plants"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle fa-3x pull-left\"><\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Souhrn<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu Zatopen\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed Moravy bylo shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bno velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f o\u00a0slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev vodn\u00edch a\u00a0ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin v\u00a0\u0159ek\u00e1ch Svratce a\u00a0Dyji p\u0159ed vybudov\u00e1n\u00edm Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady (1935\u20131940), Vranovsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady (1930\u20131933) a\u00a0vodn\u00edho d\u00edla Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny (1975\u20131988). Vyhodnocen\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f potvrdilo, \u017ee v\u00a0d\u016fsledku v\u00fdstavby n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed byla rostlinn\u00e1 spole\u010denstva v\u00a0\u0159ece Svratce a\u00a0v\u00a0\u0159ece Dyji v\u00a0z\u00e1topov\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed i\u00a0pod n\u00e1dr\u017eemi siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bna.<\/p>\n<p>Studie byla zalo\u017eena na srovn\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f ze star\u0161\u00edch floristick\u00fdch prac\u00ed se sou\u010dasn\u00fdm stavem fl\u00f3ry. V\u00a0oblasti vodn\u00edho d\u00edla Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny studie vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0extenzivn\u00edho floristick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159ed v\u00fdstavbou n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. \u0158asov\u00e1 spole\u010denstva byla monitorov\u00e1na v\u00a0r\u00e1mci projekt\u016f V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho T. G. Masaryka v\u00a0Brn\u011b (v\u00a0oblasti Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady v\u00a0letech 1985 a\u00a01992\u20131993, Vranovsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady po roce 1988 a\u00a0v\u00a0oblasti vodn\u00edho d\u00edla Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny od pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed) a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch instituc\u00ed (Povod\u00ed Moravy Brno, Botanick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR aj.).<\/p>\n<h2>\u00davod<\/h2>\n<h3>Brn\u011bnsk\u00e1 p\u0159ehrada<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu [1] jsme shrom\u00e1\u017edili velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed podklad\u016f o\u00a0slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev vodn\u00edch a\u00a0ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin \u0159eky Svratky p\u0159ed vybudov\u00e1n\u00edm Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady [2].<\/p>\n<p>Vych\u00e1zeli jsme ze star\u00fdch floristick\u00fdch prac\u00ed, hlavn\u011b autor\u016f Nave [3] a\u00a0Makowski\u00a0[4]<em>,<\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0d\u00e1le z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f monitoringu brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 pobo\u010dky V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho a\u00a0Povod\u00ed Moravy Brno.<\/p>\n<p>\u0158asov\u00e1 spole\u010denstva z\u00e1topov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady byla zkoum\u00e1na ji\u017e dlouho p\u0159ed jej\u00edm vybudov\u00e1n\u00edm nap\u0159. [3, 5\u20139]. V\u00a0roce 1955 vydali auto\u0159i Lhotsk\u00fd a\u00a0Rosa [10] Soupis Moravskoslezsk\u00fdch sinic a\u00a0\u0159as, kter\u00fd zahrnoval i\u00a0oblast Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady. P\u0159ed vybudov\u00e1n\u00edm Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady \u2013 v\u00a0druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed \u2013 Nave [3] prov\u00e1d\u011bl pr\u016fzkum, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na v\u00fdskyt n\u00e1rostov\u00fdch \u0159as a\u00a0sinic v\u00a0z\u00e1topov\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed. Johann Nave (1831\u20131864) byl jeden z\u00a0nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch algolog\u016f Rakouska-Uherska, narozen\u00fd v\u00a0Praze, \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0Brn\u011b, kde vystudoval gymn\u00e1zium. Byl vystudovan\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00edk, ale v\u011bnoval se t\u00e9\u017e s\u00a0velk\u00fdm zaujet\u00edm botanice \u2013 studiu \u0159as. Zalo\u017eil v\u00a0Brn\u011b p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00fd spolek, ve kter\u00e9m vydal pr\u00e1ci Algen M\u00e4hrens und Schleziens (\u0158asy Moravy a\u00a0Slezska) v\u00a0roce 1863. P\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed podklad\u016f o\u00a0slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch a\u00a0ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin v\u00a0z\u00e1topov\u00e9 oblasti \u0159eky Svratky p\u0159ed vybudov\u00e1n\u00edm Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady jsme vych\u00e1zeli ze star\u0161\u00edch floristick\u00fdch prac\u00ed \u2013 hlavn\u011b z\u00a0prac\u00ed Alexandra Makowskiho (1882\u20131964) [4], kter\u00fd v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b byl profesorem brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 re\u00e1lky, a\u00a0Johanna Hrub\u00e9ho [11], n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho botanika, p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edho ve dvac\u00e1t\u00fdch letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed v\u00a0Brn\u011b. Spolkov\u00fd \u010dasopis Verhandlungen des Naturforschenden Vereins in Br\u00fcnn, kter\u00fd vych\u00e1zel a\u017e do roku 1944, se stal hlavn\u00ed publika\u010dn\u00ed platformou brn\u011bnsk\u00fdch, n\u011bmecky p\u00ed\u0161\u00edc\u00edch florist\u016f, a\u00a0tedy i\u00a0nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zdrojem \u00fadaj\u016f o\u00a0kv\u011bten\u011b Brna v\u00a0minulosti. Do 50. let 19. stol. spad\u00e1 i\u00a0za\u010d\u00e1tek floristick\u00fdch aktivit Alexandra Makowskiho (1833\u20131908). Jeho Kv\u011btena Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9ho kraje \u2013 Die Flora des Br\u00fcnner Kreises [4], vy\u0161la v\u00a0prvn\u00edm ro\u010dn\u00edku \u010dasopisu \u010derstv\u011b zalo\u017een\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e9ho spolku (pojedn\u00e1n\u00edm o\u00a0podneb\u00ed do n\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bl i\u00a0Gregor Johann Mendel) [12].<\/p>\n<p>Jak\u00fd vliv m\u011blo vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edho d\u00edla na spole\u010denstvo \u0159as a\u00a0sinic, demonstrujeme na obdob\u00ed posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00ed, kdy se prov\u00e1d\u011blo sledov\u00e1n\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed jakosti vody v\u00a0Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrad\u011b [11, 13\u201316].<\/p>\n<h3>Vranovsk\u00e1 p\u0159ehrada<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed vlivu vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed Vranovsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady na slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev vodn\u00edch a\u00a0ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin \u0159eky Dyje jsme vych\u00e1zeli ze star\u0161\u00edch publikovan\u00fdch floristick\u00fdch prac\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f monitoringu brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 pobo\u010dky V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho T. G. Masaryka (d\u00e1le V\u00daV Brno) a\u00a0Povod\u00ed Moravy Brno. Potvrdilo se, \u017ee po vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ehrady byla zatopena hodnotn\u00e1 spole\u010denstva, obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00fdch rostlin [17\u201319].<\/p>\n<p>Pro znojemskou oblast v\u010detn\u011b z\u00e1topov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed Vranovsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady existuj\u00ed popisy fl\u00f3ry ji\u017e z\u00a0prvn\u00ed poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed [20\u201323]. Velmi d\u016fkladn\u00fd fytogeografick\u00fd pr\u016fzkum oblasti Znojma a\u00a0Retzu prov\u00e1d\u011bli Wolfgang Himmelbaur z\u00a0V\u00eddn\u011b a\u00a0Emil Stumme ze Znojma v\u00a0letech 1914\u20131918 v\u00a0dob\u011b vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby za podpory nestora moravsk\u00fdch botanik\u016f profesora Antona Oborn\u00e9ho ze Znojma. Navzdory pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 doby (po prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce) se jim poda\u0159ilo vytvo\u0159it dosti ucelen\u00fd floristick\u00fd obraz t\u00e9to oblasti [24]. \u00dadaje o\u00a0sledov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159asov\u00e9 fl\u00f3ry v\u00a0z\u00e1topov\u00e9 oblasti Vranovsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady p\u0159ed jej\u00edm napu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm (p\u0159ed rokem 1930) se n\u00e1m nepoda\u0159ilo z\u00edskat. V\u00a0t\u00e9to pr\u00e1ci bylo proto hodnocen\u00ed vlivu n\u00e1dr\u017ee na \u0159asovou fl\u00f3ru provedeno porovn\u00e1n\u00edm \u0159asov\u00fdch spole\u010denstev v\u00a0Dyji nad a\u00a0pod Vranovskou p\u0159ehradou z\u00a0dostupn\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 pobo\u010dky V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho [25, 26] a\u00a0Povod\u00ed Moravy Brno.<\/p>\n<h3>Vodn\u00ed d\u00edlo Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny<\/h3>\n<p>Jak vyplynulo ze shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f [27], bylo \u00fazem\u00ed vodn\u00edho d\u00edla Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny a\u00a0jej\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00e9 \u010di vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed okol\u00ed v\u00a0minulosti botanicky hojn\u011b studov\u00e1no. Auto\u0159i Hus\u00e1k [28] a\u00a0Hete\u0161a [29] uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed odkazy na pr\u00e1ce odborn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed tuto oblast zkoumali v\u00a0minulosti [23, 30\u201342], i\u00a0odborn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed se z\u00fa\u010dastnili organizovan\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu p\u0159ed vybudov\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0\u010dervenci 1977. Studiu jihomoravsk\u00fdch mok\u0159adn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f bylo v\u011bnov\u00e1no rovn\u011b\u017e mnoho pr\u00e1ce a\u00a0\u00fasil\u00ed [43]. Soustavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sb\u011br dat o\u00a0v\u00fdskytu vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch \u0159as v\u00a0z\u00e1topov\u00e9 oblasti vodn\u00edho d\u00edla Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny a\u00a0jeho okol\u00ed zapo\u010dal teprve v\u00a0roce 1975. Byl podn\u00edcen pot\u0159ebou doplnit mezery v\u00a0celkov\u00e9m obrazu \u0159asov\u00e9 mikrofl\u00f3ry mizej\u00edc\u00edch biotop\u016f a\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u011b po\u017eadavkem shrom\u00e1\u017edit podklady pro progn\u00f3zu v\u00fdskytu \u0159as v\u00a0nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9mech [44]. Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159asov\u00fdch spole\u010denstev voln\u00e9 vody (fytoplanktonu) \u0159eky Dyje nad a\u00a0pod soustavou n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny, jednotliv\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed po jejich napu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edtok\u016f prov\u00e1d\u011bli systematicky pracovn\u00edci V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho T. G. Masaryka, pobo\u010dky Brno, od \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed [45\u201350], a\u00a0t\u00e9\u017e pracovn\u00edci dal\u0161\u00edch instituc\u00ed (Povod\u00ed Moravy\u00a0Brno, Botanick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR T\u0159ebo\u0148 aj.) [44, 51].<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00fdsledky a\u00a0diskuse<\/h2>\n<h3>Brn\u011bnsk\u00e1 p\u0159ehrada<\/h3>\n<h4>Zm\u011bny spole\u010denstva \u0159as a\u00a0sinic ve vod\u011b (fytoplanktonu)<\/h4>\n<p>Zm\u011bny mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0159as a\u00a0sinic ve vod\u011b (fytoplanktonu) \u0159eky Svratky pod Brn\u011bnskou p\u0159ehradou jsou podm\u00edn\u011bny procesy, prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edmi v\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ei, re\u017eimem vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody, pop\u0159. opat\u0159en\u00edmi, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdmi v\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ei pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed jakosti vody.<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-1.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4146];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4081 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-1.jpg\" alt=\"Zakova-1\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-1-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-1-768x472.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/492;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 1.\u00a0<em>Microcystis aeruginosa<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 nejtypi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slo\u017eka vodn\u00edho kv\u011btu Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady p\u0159ed n\u00e1pravn\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi (fotografie: R. Geri\u0161 [13])<br \/>\nFig. 1.\u00a0<em>Microcystis aeruginosa<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 major component of water bloom in the Brno Dam before corrective actions (photo: R. Geri\u0161 [13])<\/h6>\n<p>Brn\u011bnsk\u00e1 p\u0159ehrada byla v\u00a0posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch zat\u011b\u017eov\u00e1na vysok\u00fdmi koncentracemi biogenn\u00edch prvk\u016f (dus\u00edk, fosfor), p\u0159it\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00edch z\u00a0povod\u00ed \u0159eky Svratky nad p\u0159ehradou v\u00a0d\u016fsledku nadm\u011brn\u00e9 eutrofizace povod\u00ed. Se stoupaj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsunem \u017eivin se za\u010dal ve vod\u011b vyskytovat sinicov\u00fd vodn\u00ed kv\u011bt, kter\u00fd svou schopnost\u00ed uvol\u0148ovat toxiny, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd pro koupaj\u00edc\u00ed se lidi. Z\u00a0hlediska rekrea\u010dn\u00edho vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159ehrady to byl v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m, p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u016f. Brn\u011bnsk\u00e1 p\u0159ehrada pat\u0159ila k\u00a0povrchov\u00fdm vod\u00e1m s\u00a0pravideln\u00fdm masov\u00fdm rozvojem sinicov\u00e9ho vodn\u00edho kv\u011btu, ve kter\u00e9m p\u0159evl\u00e1dal rod\u00a0<em>Microcystis\u00a0<\/em>(<em>obr. 1<\/em>) [13\u201315].<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-2.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4146];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4082 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-2.jpg\" alt=\"Zakova-2\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-2-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-2-768x519.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/541;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 2.\u00a0<em>Fragilaria crotonensis \u2013<\/em>\u00a0typick\u00fd z\u00e1stupce fytoplanktonu po n\u00e1pravn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00edch v\u00a0Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrad\u011b (fotografie: P. Sedl\u00e1\u010dek)<br \/>\nFig. 2.\u00a0<em>Fragilaria crotonensis<\/em>\u00a0typical representant of phytoplankton in the Brno Dam after corrective actions (photo: P. Sedl\u00e1\u010dek)<\/h6>\n<p>Siln\u00fd v\u00fdskyt t\u00e9to sinice jsme zaznamenali ji\u017e v\u00a0roce 1985 p\u0159i nesystematick\u00fdch rozborech, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch V\u00daV Brno \u2013 nepublikovan\u00e9 rozbory z\u00a0archivu \u017d\u00e1kov\u00e9. V\u00a0roce 1993 jsme sledovali rozvoj fytoplanktonu v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu cel\u00e9 vegeta\u010dn\u00ed sezony od dubna do \u0159\u00edjna [16]. Zachytili jsme pr\u016fb\u011bh rozvoje vodn\u00edho kv\u011btu, tvo\u0159en\u00e9ho p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b druhem\u00a0<em>Microcystis aeruginosa<\/em>, v\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edmi druhy sinic (<em>Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Planktothrix agardhii<\/em>\u00a0aj.). V\u00a0dob\u011b vegeta\u010dn\u00edho maxima v\u00a0\u010dervenci jsme zjistili 2 500 koloni\u00ed\u00a0<em>Microcystis aeruginosa<\/em>\u00a0(o\u00a0pr\u016fm. 200 \u00b5) v\u00a01\u2008ml vody v\u00a0hladinov\u00e9 vrstv\u011b u\u00a0hr\u00e1ze. V\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch letech se situace d\u00e1le postupn\u011b zhor\u0161ovala.<\/p>\n<p>Rok 2006 charakterizuje stav p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm ozdravn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ei, kde se ve vegeta\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed siln\u011b rozmno\u017eoval fytoplankton a\u00a0zejm\u00e9na sinice, produkuj\u00edc\u00ed toxiny. T\u00edm bylo v\u00a0letn\u00edm obdob\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b znemo\u017en\u011bno koup\u00e1n\u00ed. Velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0159as a\u00a0sinic odt\u00e9kalo do Svratky. Od roku 2007 byla prov\u00e1d\u011bna v\u00a0Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrad\u011b opat\u0159en\u00ed proti sinicov\u00fdm vodn\u00edm kv\u011bt\u016fm \u2013 razantn\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hladiny (prakticky p\u0159estala \u00fadoln\u00ed p\u0159ehrada existovat a\u00a0zm\u011bnila se ve velkou siln\u011b zpomalenou \u0159eku, pop\u0159. v\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017e s\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u011b kr\u00e1tkou dobou zdr\u017een\u00ed). Leteck\u00e9 o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed obna\u017een\u00e9ho dna v\u00e1penn\u00fdm hydr\u00e1tem prob\u011bhlo na podzim roku 2007, v\u00a0\u00fanoru a\u00a0listopadu 2008 a\u00a0posledn\u00ed v\u00a0dubnu 2009. D\u00e1le bylo zah\u00e1jeno d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed chemik\u00e1li\u00ed \u2013 v\u00e1pna ve form\u011b v\u00e1penn\u00e9ho hydr\u00e1tu a\u00a0s\u00edranu \u017eelezit\u00e9ho na p\u0159\u00edtoku do n\u00e1dr\u017ee pro sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed fosforu. D\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed PIXu 113 (co\u017e je obchodn\u00ed n\u00e1zev pro 41% roztok s\u00edranu \u017eelezit\u00e9ho) na vtoku do n\u00e1dr\u017ee m\u011blo za c\u00edl vysr\u00e1\u017eet fosfor p\u0159it\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed do n\u00e1dr\u017ee z\u00a0povod\u00ed nad n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm n\u00edzk\u00e9 d\u00e1vky s\u00edranu \u017eelezit\u00e9ho poklesla koncentrace fosfore\u010dnan\u016f a\u017e o\u00a096\u00a0%. D\u00e1le bylo zah\u00e1jeno provzdu\u0161\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed hypolimnia, kter\u00fdm se zaji\u0161\u0165uje oxidace sediment\u016f, a\u00a0t\u00edm omezen\u00fd p\u0159estup \u017eivin do vodn\u00edho sloupce. Provzdu\u0161\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed je realizov\u00e1no pomoc\u00ed kysl\u00edkov\u00fdch v\u011b\u017e\u00ed [14, 52]. Prvo\u0159ad\u00fdm posl\u00e1n\u00edm provzdu\u0161\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed vody v\u00a0Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrad\u011b je snaha znev\u00fdhodnit podm\u00ednky pro \u017eivot sinic (naru\u0161it shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto organism\u016f s\u00a0plynov\u00fdmi m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159ky p\u0159i hladin\u011b), a\u00a0t\u00edm tedy podpo\u0159it rozvoj jin\u00fdch fototrof\u016f \u2013 zelen\u00fdch \u0159as, rozsivek apod. (podle Marvana \u2013 \u00fastn\u00ed sd\u011blen\u00ed).<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-3.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4146];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"827\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4083 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-3.jpg\" alt=\"Zakova-3\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-3-290x300.jpg 290w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-3-768x794.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-3-32x32.jpg 32w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/827;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 3.\u00a0<em>Asterionella formosa \u2013<\/em>\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed typick\u00fd z\u00e1stupce fytoplanktonu po n\u00e1pravn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00edch v\u00a0Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrad\u011b (fotografie: R. Geri\u0161)<br \/>\nFig. 3.\u00a0<em>Asterionella formosa \u2013<\/em>\u00a0another typical representant of phytoplankton in the Brno Dam after corrective actions (photo: R. Geri\u0161)<\/h6>\n<p>Po zaveden\u00ed t\u011bchto opat\u0159en\u00ed se stav postupn\u011b zlep\u0161oval [13, 14]. V\u00a0obdob\u00ed 2010\u20132012 v\u00a0letn\u00edm obdob\u00ed na vrcholu vegeta\u010dn\u00ed sezony ani jednou nedos\u00e1hly objemov\u00e9 dominance sinice rodu\u00a0<em>Microcystis<\/em>. Byly nahrazeny skupinami jin\u00fdch sinic a\u00a0\u0159as, kter\u00e9 nezp\u016fsobuj\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed, organoleptick\u00e9 ani estetick\u00e9 z\u00e1vady zadr\u017eovan\u00e9 vody, jak tomu b\u00fdv\u00e1 u\u00a0vodn\u00edho kv\u011btu (nap\u0159. druhy\u00a0<em>Fragilaria crotonensis \u2013 obr. 2<\/em>,<em>\u00a0Asterionella formosa \u2013 obr. 3<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Stephanodiscus hantzschii, Aulacoseira granulata,\u00a0<\/em><em>Cyclostephanos dubius, C. invisitatus, Cyclotella pseudostelligera, Fragilaria acus, Nitzschia\u00a0<\/em>spp.,\u00a0<em>Cryptomonas\u00a0<\/em>spp,<em>\u00a0Ceratium\u00a0<\/em>spp.,\u00a0<em>Coelastrum\u00a0<\/em>spp.,<em>\u00a0Pediastrum\u00a0<\/em>spp.,\u00a0<em>Desmodesmus\u00a0<\/em>sp.,<em>\u00a0Scenedesmus\u00a0<\/em>spp. aj.).<\/p>\n<p>Zm\u011bny rozvoje fytoplanktonu v\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ei se odr\u00e1\u017eely ve slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev voln\u00e9 vody i\u00a0ve Svratce pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-4.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4146];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4084 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-4.jpg\" alt=\"Zakova-4\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-4-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-4-768x576.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/600;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 4.\u00a0<em>Amphora ovalis \u2013\u00a0<\/em>n\u00e1rostov\u00e1 rozsivka, jej\u00ed\u017e v\u00fdskyt pozoroval v\u00a0z\u00e1topov\u00e9 oblasti Nave ji\u017e v\u00a0dob\u011b p\u0159ed vybudov\u00e1n\u00edm Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady (fotografie: P. Sedl\u00e1\u010dek)<br \/>\nFig. 4.\u00a0<em>Amphora ovalis \u2013\u00a0<\/em>periphytic diatom, observed by Nave in the flooded area before construction of the Brno Dam (photo: P. Sedl\u00e1\u010dek)<\/h6>\n<h4>Zm\u011bny spole\u010denstva \u0159asov\u00fdch a\u00a0sinicov\u00fdch n\u00e1rost\u016f dna (fytobentosu)<\/h4>\n<p>Nave [3] uv\u00e1d\u011bl ve Svratce v\u00a0z\u00e1topov\u00e9 oblasti Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady v\u00a0n\u00e1rostech na dn\u011b a\u00a0pono\u0159en\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011btech druhov\u011b pestr\u00e9 spole\u010denstvo \u0159as (v\u00a0hranat\u00e9 z\u00e1vorce sou\u010dasn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy):<\/p>\n<p><em>Epithemia zebra\u00a0<\/em>(Ehbg.<em>), Epithemia sorex\u00a0<\/em>Kg<em>., Ceratoneis amphioxys\u00a0<\/em>Rabenh<em>.\u00a0<\/em>[<em>Hannea arcus<\/em>],<em>\u00a0Encyonema prostratum\u00a0<\/em>Ralfs<em>, Achnanthes minutissima\u00a0<\/em>Kg<em>.\u00a0<\/em>[<em>Achnanthidium minutissimum<\/em>]<em>, Cymatopleura solea\u00a0<\/em>Br\u00e9b<em>., Amphora ovalis\u00a0<\/em>(Ehrenb.) Kg. (<em>obr. 4<\/em>),\u00a0<em>Navicula borealis\u00a0<\/em>Kg<em>. f. robusta, Navicula anglica\u00a0<\/em>Ralfs<em>, Navicula rhynchocephala\u00a0<\/em>Kg<em>., Navicula amphisbaena Kg.\u00a0<\/em>[<em>Caloneis amphisbaena<\/em>]<em>, Navicula inflata Kg., Navicula dicephala,\u00a0<\/em>Kg<em>., Navicula producta,\u00a0<\/em>W.Sm [<em>Neidium productum<\/em>]<em>, Navicula affinis,\u00a0<\/em>Ehrenb [<em>Neidium affine<\/em>]<em>, Navicula exilis\u00a0<\/em>Kg<em>.\u00a0<\/em>[<em>Anomoeoneis exilis<\/em>]<em>, Pleurosigma scalproides\u00a0<\/em>Rabh<em>.\u00a0<\/em>[<em>Gyrosigma scalproides<\/em>],<em>\u00a0Pleurosigma Spenceri\u00a0<\/em>W.Sm<em>., Synedra bilunaris\u00a0<\/em>Kg.<em>, Synedra ulna\u00a0<\/em>Ehrb<em>., Synedra amphirhynchus\u00a0<\/em>Ehrenb<em>., Nitzschia sigmoidea\u00a0<\/em>W.Sm<em>., Nitzschia vermicularis\u00a0<\/em>Kg<em>., Nitzschia tenuis\u00a0<\/em>W.Sm<em>., Sphenella angustata\u00a0<\/em>Kg [<em>Gomphonema angustatum<\/em>],\u00a0<em>Gomphonema micropus\u00a0<\/em>Kg<em>., Characium acutum\u00a0<\/em>A.Br<em>.\u00a0<\/em>[<em>Characiopsis acuta<\/em>]<em>, Pediastrum boryanum\u00a0<\/em>(Turp.) Menegh<em>., Palmogloea macrococca\u00a0<\/em>A.Br<em>., Closterium moniliferum\u00a0<\/em>Ehrenb<em>., Cosmarium Meneghinii\u00a0<\/em>Br\u00e9b<em>., Spirogyra communis\u00a0<\/em>Kg<em>., Spirogyra jugalis\u00a0<\/em>Kg<em>., Spirogyra setiformis\u00a0<\/em>(Roth.) Kg<em>., Conferva bombycina\u00a0<\/em>Ag<em>., Cladophora lacustris\u00a0<\/em>Kg<em>.\u00a0<\/em>[<em>Cladophora globulina<\/em>]<em>, Oedogonium capillare\u00a0<\/em>Kg<em>., Chara foetida\u00a0<\/em>A.Br<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-5.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4146];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"932\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4085 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-5.jpg\" alt=\"Zakova-5\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-5.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-5-258x300.jpg 258w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-5-768x895.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/932;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 5.\u00a0<em>Stigeoclonium tenue\u00a0<\/em>(C. Agardh) K\u00fctz \u2013 typick\u00e1 vl\u00e1knit\u00e1 \u0159asa v\u00a0\u0159ece Svratce nad Brn\u011bnskou p\u0159ehradou (fotografie: J. Ka\u0161tovsk\u00fd)<br \/>\nFig. 5.\u00a0<em>Stigeoclonium tenue\u00a0<\/em>(C. Agardh) K\u00fctz \u2013 typical filamentous benthic alga in the Svratka River upstream of the Brno Dam (photo: J. Ka\u0161tovsk\u00fd)<\/h6>\n<p>Nejhojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159asy a\u00a0sinice na dn\u011b \u0159eky Svratky nad Brn\u011bnskou p\u0159ehradou (Veversk\u00e1 B\u00edt\u00fd\u0161ka) v\u00a0letech 1991 a\u00a02005 (nesoustavn\u00e9 rozbory \u017dakov\u00e9 \u2013 V\u00daV Brno):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rozsivky (Bacillariophyceae):<em>\u00a0Melosira varians, Cymbella ventricosa\u00a0<\/em>[<em>Encyonema ventricosum<\/em>]<em>, Navicula cryptocephala, Navicula avenacea, Navicula gracilis\u00a0<\/em>[<em>Navicula tripunctata<\/em>]<em>, Rhoicosphenia curvata\u00a0<\/em>[<em>Rhoicospenia abbreviata<\/em>]<em>,\u00a0<\/em>2005 \u2013 nav\u00edc<em>\u00a0Diatoma vulgaris,<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ulotrichales:<em>\u00a0Stigeoclonium tenue\u00a0<\/em>(<em>obr. 5<\/em>), Siphonocladiales:\u00a0<em>Cladophora glomerata,<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Chlorococcales:<em>\u00a0Scenedesmus bicaudatus\u00a0<\/em>[<em>Desmodesmus bicaudatus<\/em>]<em>, Scenedesmus obliquus;\u00a0<\/em>2005\u00a0<em>\u2013 Scenedesmus quadricauda\u00a0<\/em>[<em>Desmoesmus quadricauda<\/em>],<\/li>\n<li><em>Rhodophyta:\u00a0<\/em>2005<em>\u00a0\u2013 Audouinella chalybaea.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-6.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4146];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4086 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-6.jpg\" alt=\"Zakova-6\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-6.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-6-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-6-768x576.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/600;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 6<em>.\u00a0<\/em>Zblochan vodn\u00ed<em>\u00a0Glyceria aquatica<\/em>\u00a0Presl. [<em>G. maxima<\/em>] \u2013 hojn\u00fd druh vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch rostlin v\u00a0\u0159ece Svratce p\u0159ed vybudov\u00e1n\u00edm Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady<br \/>\nFig. 6.\u00a0<em>Glyceria aquatica<\/em>\u00a0Presl. [<em>G. maxima<\/em>] abundant plant species of marshes in the Svratka River before construction of the Brno Dam<\/h6>\n<p>Nejhojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159asy a\u00a0sinice v\u00a0n\u00e1rostech na dn\u011b ve Svratce pod Brn\u011bnskou p\u0159ehradou (Pis\u00e1rky) v\u00a0roce 1991 (podle rozbor\u016f \u017d\u00e1kov\u00e9 \u2013 V\u00daV Brno):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sinice (Cyanobacteria)<em>: Oscillatoria\u00a0<\/em>sp. div.<\/li>\n<li>Rozsivky (Bacillariophyceae):\u00a0<em>Cocconeis pediculus, Melosira varians, Navicula cryptocephala, Nitzschia\u00a0<\/em>sp<em>., Rhoicosphenia curvata<\/em>\u00a0[<em>Rhoicospenia abbreviata<\/em>],<\/li>\n<li>Xanthophyceae:\u00a0<em>Vaucheria\u00a0<\/em>sp.<em>,<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Ulotrichales:\u00a0<em>Oedogonium\u00a0<\/em>sp.,<\/li>\n<li>Siphonocladiales:\u00a0<em>Cladophora glomerata,<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Chlorococcales:\u00a0<em>Monoraphidium arcuatum, Monoraphidium contortum, Scenedesmus<\/em>\u00a0sp. div. [<em>Desmodesmus\u00a0<\/em>sp. div.] aj.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Podle slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstva fytobentosu (n\u00e1rost\u016f) byla voda ve Svratce nad Brn\u011bnskou p\u0159ehradou hodnocena jako m\u00edrn\u011b zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1, stav fytobentosu pod p\u0159ehradou byl sledov\u00e1n ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti, kter\u00e1 neumo\u017e\u0148uje spolehliv\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed vlivu p\u0159ehrady.<\/p>\n<h4>Zm\u011bny spole\u010denstva vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch a\u00a0ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin<\/h4>\n<p>V\u00a0z\u00e1topov\u00e9 oblasti Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady byl zaznamen\u00e1n v\u00fdskyt v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 druh\u016f vodn\u00edch a\u00a0ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin, kter\u00e9 zmizely pod hladinou n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Vyskytoval se zde v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f, uveden\u00fdch v\u00a0\u010cerven\u00e9m seznamu c\u00e9vnat\u00fdch rostlin \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky jako druhy kriticky ohro\u017een\u00e9 a\u017e po druhy vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161enou ochranu [53].<\/p>\n<p>Makowski [4] uv\u00e1d\u011bl v\u00a0z\u00e1topov\u00e9 oblasti Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady a\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm povod\u00ed Svratky v\u00fdskyt t\u011bchto druh\u016f vodn\u00edch a\u00a0ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin (v\u00a0hranat\u00e9 z\u00e1vorce sou\u010dasn\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy podle Kub\u00e1ta [54]):<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">A. Monocotyledonae (jednod\u011blo\u017en\u00e9 rostliny):\u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><em>Glyceria fluitans<\/em>\u00a0R.Br.,\u00a0<em>Glyceria aquatica<\/em>\u00a0Presl. [<em>G. maxima<\/em>] (<em>obr. 6<\/em>),\u00a0<em>Phragmites communis<\/em>\u00a0Trin. [<em>P. australis<\/em>],\u00a0<em>Carex vulpina<\/em>\u00a0L.,\u00a0<em>Carex remota<\/em>\u00a0L. (u\u00a0hradu Veve\u0159\u00ed),\u00a0<em>Carex acuta<\/em>\u00a0L.,\u00a0<em>Carex riparia<\/em>\u00a0Curt<em>., Carex pseudocyperus<\/em>\u00a0L.,\u00a0<em>Carex vesicaria<\/em>\u00a0L.,\u00a0<em>Scirpus setaceus<\/em>\u00a0L. [<em>Isolepis setacea<\/em>],\u00a0<em>Scirpus lacustris<\/em>\u00a0L. [<em>Schoenoplectus lacustris<\/em>]<em>,<\/em>\u00a0<em>Scirpus acicularis<\/em>\u00a0L.[<em>Eleocharis acicularis<\/em>],\u00a0<em>Scirpus compressus<\/em>\u00a0Pers.,\u00a0<em>Scirpus maritimus<\/em>\u00a0L. [<em>Bolboschoenus maritimus<\/em>],\u00a0<em>Cyperus fuscus<\/em>\u00a0L.,\u00a0<em>Iris pseudacorus<\/em>\u00a0L.,\u00a0<em>Potamogeton natans<\/em>\u00a0L.,\u00a0<em>Potamogeton lucens<\/em>\u00a0L.,\u00a0<em>Potamogeton crispus<\/em>\u00a0L.,\u00a0<em>Potamogeton pusillus\u00a0<\/em>L.<em>, Lemna polyrrhiza<\/em>\u00a0L<em>.\u00a0<\/em>[<em>Spirodela polyrhiza<\/em>]<em>, Lemna gibba<\/em>\u00a0L.,\u00a0<em>Lemna minor<\/em>\u00a0L.,\u00a0<em>Lemna trisulca<\/em>\u00a0L.,\u00a0<em>Acorus calamus<\/em>\u00a0L.,\u00a0<em>Typha latifolia<\/em>\u00a0L.,\u00a0<em>Typha angustifolia<\/em>\u00a0L. (<em>obr. 7<\/em>),\u00a0<em>Sparganium ramosum<\/em>\u00a0Huds. [<em>S. erectum<\/em>],\u00a0<em>Sparganium simplex<\/em>\u00a0Huds.[<em>S. emersum<\/em>].<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">B. Dicotyledoneae (dvojd\u011blo\u017en\u00e9 rostliny):\u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><em>Ceratophyllum demersum\u00a0<\/em>L.,\u00a0<em>Callitriche verna<\/em>\u00a0L. [<em>C. palustris<\/em>],\u00a0<em>Rumex maritimus L., Polygonum amphibium L., Polygonum lapathifolium L., Bidens cernua<\/em>\u00a0Huds.,\u00a0<em>Senecio crispus\u00a0<\/em>Neil. syn.\u00a0<em>rivularis, Mentha aquatica\u00a0<\/em>L.,\u00a0<em>Limosella aquatica L., Veronica anagallis L., Veronica beccabunga L., Ranunculus aquatilis L., Ranunculus divaricatus\u00a0<\/em>Schrank<em>.<\/em>[<em>Batrachium trichophyllum<\/em>]<em>, Caltha palustris, L., Roripa amphibia Bess., Elatine triandra<\/em>\u00a0Schk.,\u00a0<em>Epilobium parviflorum<\/em>\u00a0Schreb.,\u00a0<em>Myriophyllum spicatum L., Lythrum salicaria L.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina uveden\u00fdch rostlin po napu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee vymizela. Mezi nimi byl i\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch rostlin (nap\u0159.<em>\u00a0Potamogeton lucens<\/em>\u00a0L.,\u00a0<em>Carex riparia<\/em>\u00a0Curt<em>.<\/em>,<em>\u00a0Veronica anagallis L., Ranunculus aquatilis L.<\/em>). N\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00a0seznamu uveden\u00e9 druhy p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed na b\u0159ez\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017ee (nap\u0159.\u00a0<em>Iris pseudacorus<\/em>\u00a0L.,<em>\u00a0Lythrum salicaria L.<\/em>), jin\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed semennou banku se \u017eivotnost\u00ed n\u011bkolika let a\u00a0po sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hladiny se mohou rozmno\u017eit ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed (nap\u0159.<em>\u00a0Carex pseudocyperus<\/em>\u00a0L.,\u00a0<em>Cyperus fuscus<\/em>\u00a0L.,\u00a0<em>Veronica anagallis L.<\/em>).<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-7.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4146];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4087 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-7.jpg\" alt=\"Zakova-7\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-7.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-7-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-7-768x576.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/600;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 7<em>.\u00a0<\/em>Orobinec \u00fazkolist\u00fd<em>\u00a0Typha angustifolia<\/em>\u00a0L. \u2013 druh vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch rostlin v\u00a0\u0159ece Svratce p\u0159ed vybudov\u00e1n\u00edm Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady<br \/>\nFig. 7.\u00a0<em>Typha angustifolia<\/em>\u00a0L. \u2013 plant species of marshes in the Svratka River before construction of the Brno Dam<\/h6>\n<h3>Vranovsk\u00e1 p\u0159ehrada<\/h3>\n<h4>Zm\u011bny spole\u010denstva \u0159as a\u00a0sinic ve vod\u011b (fytoplanktonu)<\/h4>\n<p>Vranovsk\u00e1 p\u0159ehrada je hlubok\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e, korytovit\u00e9ho tvaru, kter\u00e1 zachycuje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u00fapln\u011b p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161en\u00fd i\u00a0vyprodukovan\u00fd fytoplankton (p\u016fsob\u00ed jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd lapa\u010d fytoplanktonu). Je to z\u0159ejm\u00e9 z\u00a0dlouhodob\u00e9ho zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed koncentrace chlorofylu-a ve vod\u011b, kter\u00fd je nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtkem mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0159as a\u00a0sinic ve vod\u011b (<em>obr. 8<\/em>). Z\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu chlorofylu-a\u00a0v\u00a0\u0159ece\u00a0Dyji nad a\u00a0pod Vranovskou p\u0159ehradou je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee nad p\u0159ehradou Dyje obsahuje ve vegeta\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed fytoplanktonu, kter\u00fd z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 zachycen v\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ei, tak\u017ee pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed je mno\u017estv\u00ed fytoplanktonu v\u011bt\u0161inou zanedbateln\u00e9.<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-8.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4146];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"424\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4088 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-8.jpg\" alt=\"Zakova-8\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-8.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-8-300x159.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-8-768x407.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/424;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 8. Zm\u011bny mno\u017estv\u00ed fytoplanktonu (chlorofylu-a) v\u00a0\u0159ece Dyji nad a\u00a0pod Vranovskou p\u0159ehradou v\u00a0letech 2000\u20132012 (data: PM Brno)<br \/>\nFig. 8. Variation of phytoplankton abundance (Chlorophyll-a) in the Dyje River upstream and downstream of the Vranov Dam (2000\u20132012) (data: PM Brno)<\/h6>\n<p>\u0158eka Dyje nad Vranovskou p\u0159ehradou se vyzna\u010duje vysokou druhovou diverzitou spole\u010denstva fytoplanktonu. V\u00a0roce 2010 bylo v\u00a0Dyji nad p\u0159ehradou identifikov\u00e1no celkem 193 taxon\u016f \u0159as a\u00a0sinic. Pod p\u0159ehradou se po\u010det druh\u016f v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euje.<\/p>\n<h4>Zm\u011bny spole\u010denstva \u0159asov\u00fdch n\u00e1rost\u016f dna (fytobentosu)<\/h4>\n<p>Druhov\u00e1 pestrost spole\u010denstva n\u00e1rostov\u00fdch \u0159as a\u00a0sinic (fytobentosu) je v\u00a0Dyji nad Vranovskou p\u0159ehradou vysok\u00e1 (v\u00a0roce 2010 bylo v\u00a0Dyji v\u00a0Drosendorfu identifikov\u00e1no p\u0159es 86 druh\u016f). Pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed se po\u010det druh\u016f sni\u017euje (zji\u0161t\u011bno maxim\u00e1ln\u011b n\u011bco p\u0159es 20 druh\u016f), ale v\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00e9m \u00faseku a\u017e po profil Dev\u011bt Ml\u00fdn\u016f se op\u011bt zvy\u0161uje (zji\u0161t\u011bno 93 druh\u016f).<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-9.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4146];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4089 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-9.jpg\" alt=\"Zakova-9\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-9.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-9-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-9-768x576.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/600;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 9.\u00a0<em>Lemanea fluviatilis<\/em>\u00a0(Linnaeus) C. Agardh vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 bentick\u00e1 ruducha v\u00a0\u0159ece Dyji nad Vranovskou p\u0159ehradou (fotografie: J. Ka\u0161tovsk\u00fd)<br \/>\nFig. 9.\u00a0<em>Lemanea fluviatilis<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0rare filamentous benthic alga (Rhodopyta) in the Dyje River upstream of the Vranov Dam (photo: J. Ka\u0161tovsk\u00fd)<\/h6>\n<p>Nad n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed Vranov v\u00a0profilu Podhrad\u00ed ve fytobentosu v\u00a0roce 1992 p\u0159evl\u00e1daly zelen\u00e9 \u0159asy (Chlorophyceae), zastoupen\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b vl\u00e1knit\u00fdmi \u0159asami\u00a0<em>Cladophora glomerata<\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<em>Oedogonium<\/em>\u00a0sp. spolu s\u00a0pestr\u00fdm spole\u010denstvem chlorokok\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0159as s\u00a0p\u0159evahou druh\u016f rodu\u00a0<em>Scenedesmus<\/em>\u00a0[<em>Desmodesmus<\/em>] a\u00a0d\u00e1le rozsivky (Bacillariophyceae) s\u00a0dominantn\u00edmi druhy\u00a0<em>Aulacoseira subarctica, Melosira varians,<\/em>\u00a0<em>Fragilaria ulna\u00a0<\/em>a\u00a0druhy rodu\u00a0<em>Navicula.\u00a0<\/em>Byl zji\u0161t\u011bn i\u00a0v\u00fdskyt ruduchy (Rhodophyta)\u00a0<em>Lemanea fluviatilis\u00a0<\/em>(<em>obr. 9<\/em>). V\u00a0n\u00e1rostech v\u00a0\u0159ece Dyji pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed Vranov ve stejn\u00e9m roce (1992) se ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed vyskytovaly vl\u00e1knit\u00e9 sinice rodu\u00a0<em>Phormidium<\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0druhov\u011b chud\u00e9 spole\u010denstvo rozsivek (Bacillariophyceae) bez v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 dominance n\u011bkter\u00e9ho druhu. Vyskytovaly se zde t\u00e9\u017e siln\u00e9 porosty vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch \u0159as rod\u016f\u00a0<em>Spirogyra\u00a0<\/em>(<em>obr. 10<\/em>)<em>, Ulothrix, Rhizoclonium\u00a0<\/em>a<em>\u00a0<\/em>v\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed rodu\u00a0<em>Vaucheria<\/em>.<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-10.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4146];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4090 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-10.jpg\" alt=\"Zakova-10\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-10.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-10-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-10-768x576.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/600;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 10. Vl\u00e1knit\u00e1 \u0159asa \u0161roubatka\u00a0<em>Spirogyra<\/em>\u00a0sp. v\u00a0n\u00e1rostech v\u00a0Dyji pod Vranovskou p\u0159ehradou (fotografie: P. Sedl\u00e1\u010dek)<br \/>\nFig. 10. Filamentous alga\u00a0<em>Spirogyra<\/em>\u00a0sp. in periphyton of the Dyje River below the Vranov Dam (photo: P. Sedl\u00e1\u010dek)<\/h6>\n<p>Vranovsk\u00e1 p\u0159ehrada po v\u011bt\u0161inu roku eliminuje nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 vlivy horn\u00edho povod\u00ed Dyje \u2013 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0fytoplankton. Na slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstev n\u00e1rost\u016f v\u00a0\u0159ece Dyji pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed se tak\u00e9 projevuje vliv energetick\u00e9ho provozu \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny Vranov [55]. Slo\u017een\u00ed \u0159asov\u00fdch n\u00e1rost\u016f (fytobentosu) v\u00a0Dyji pod Vranovskou p\u0159ehradou charakterizovalo Dyji v\u00a0roce 2000 jako m\u00edrn\u011b zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd tok.<\/p>\n<h4>Zm\u011bny spole\u010denstva vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch a\u00a0ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin<\/h4>\n<p>Auto\u0159i Himmelbaur a\u00a0Stumme [24] publikovali p\u0159ehled fl\u00f3ry oblasti Znojma a\u00a0Retzu, ve kter\u00e9m byly zahrnuty t\u00e9\u017e v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 druhy vodn\u00edch a\u00a0ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin v\u00a0z\u00e1topov\u00e9 oblasti n\u00e1dr\u017ee Vranov p\u0159ed jej\u00edm napu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm (v\u00a0z\u00e1vorce druhy vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se \u0159\u00eddce a\u017e ojedin\u011ble). V\u00a0p\u0159ehledu je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno porovn\u00e1n\u00ed se stavem, zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdm pod Vranovskou n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0roce 2008 [56] \u2013 podtr\u017een\u00e9 druhy. D\u00e1le jsou tu\u010dn\u011b zv\u00fdrazn\u011bny ohro\u017een\u00e9 druhy podle \u010cerven\u00e9ho seznamu c\u00e9vnat\u00fdch rostlin \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky [55] a\u00a0v\u00a0hranat\u00fdch z\u00e1vork\u00e1ch jsou sou\u010dasn\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy podle Kub\u00e1ta [54]:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>Vodn\u00ed rostliny (st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e1 kv\u011btena)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Potamogeton natans<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 rdest plovouc\u00ed, (<strong><em>Potamogeton lucens<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0rdest sv\u011btl\u00fd<\/strong>),\u00a0<em>Potamogeton crispus<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 rdest kade\u0159av\u00fd, (<em>Potamogeton pectinatus<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 rdest h\u0159ebenit\u00fd), (<em>Potamogeton pusillus<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 rdest mali\u010dk\u00fd), (<strong><em>Sagittaria sagittifolia<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0\u0161\u00edpatka st\u0159elolist\u00e1<\/strong>),\u00a0<em>Alisma plantago<\/em>\u00a0[<em>aquatica<\/em>] \u2013 \u017eabn\u00edk jitrocelov\u00fd, (<strong><em>Butomus umbellatus<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0\u0161mel okoli\u010dnat\u00fd<\/strong>), (<strong><em>Hydrocharis morsus ranae<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0vo\u010fanka \u017eab\u00ed<\/strong>),\u00a0<em>Spirodela polyrhiza<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 z\u00e1vitka mnohoko\u0159enn\u00e1, (<strong><em>Lemna trisulca<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0ok\u0159ehek trojbr\u00e1zd\u00fd<\/strong>),\u00a0<em><u>Lemna minor<\/u><\/em><u>\u00a0\u2013 ok\u0159ehek men\u0161\u00ed<\/u>, (<em>Lemna gibba<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 ok\u0159ehek hrbat\u00fd),\u00a0<em><u>Polygonum<\/u><\/em>\u00a0<em><u>amphibium<\/u><\/em><u>\u00a0syn.\u00a0<\/u><em><u>Persicaria amphibia\u00a0<\/u><\/em><u>\u2013 rdesno oboj\u017eiveln\u00e9<\/u>, (<strong><em>Nuphar luteum<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0[<strong>N. lutea<\/strong>] \u2013<strong>\u00a0stul\u00edk \u017elut\u00fd<\/strong>), (<strong><em>Castalia candida<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0[<strong><em>Nymphaea candida<\/em><\/strong>] \u2013<strong>\u00a0lekn\u00edn b\u011blostn\u00fd<\/strong>), (<em>Ceratophyllum demersum<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 r\u016f\u017ekatec pono\u0159en\u00fd), (<strong><em>Ranunculus aquatilis\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>[<strong><em>Batrachium aquatile<\/em><\/strong>] \u2013<strong>\u00a0laku\u0161n\u00edk vodn\u00ed<\/strong>), (<strong><em>Ranunculus circinatus\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>[<strong><em>Batrachium circinatum<\/em><\/strong>] \u2013<strong>\u00a0laku\u0161n\u00edk okrouhl\u00fd<\/strong>),<strong>\u00a0<em><u>Ranunculus\u00a0<\/u><\/em><\/strong><u>[<\/u><strong><em><u>Batrachium<\/u><\/em><\/strong><u>]\u00a0<\/u><strong><em><u>fluitans<\/u><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<u>\u2013\u00a0<\/u><strong><u>laku\u0161n\u00edk vzpl\u00fdvav\u00fd<\/u><\/strong>, (<strong><em>Ranunculus trichophyllus<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0[<strong>Batrachium<\/strong>]<strong>\u00a0trichophyllum<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0laku\u0161n\u00edk vl\u00e1skolist\u00fd\u00a0<\/strong>[<strong>ni\u0165olist\u00fd<\/strong>], (<strong><em>Callitriche platycarpa<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0hv\u011bzdo\u0161 mnohotv\u00e1rn\u00fd\u00a0<\/strong>[<strong>hranoplod\u00fd<\/strong>]),\u00a0<em>Callitriche verna<\/em>\u00a0[C.\u00a0<em>palustris<\/em>] \u2013 hv\u011bzdo\u0161 jarn\u00ed, (<em>Callitriche<\/em>\u00a0<em>hamulata<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 hv\u011bzdo\u0161 h\u00e1\u010dkat\u00fd), (<strong><em>Myriophyllum verticillatum<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0stol\u00edstek p\u0159eslenit\u00fd<\/strong>),\u00a0<em>Myriophyllum spicatum<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 stol\u00edstek klasnat\u00fd, (<strong><em>Hippuris vulgaris<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0prustka obecn\u00e1<\/strong>)<strong>,\u00a0<\/strong>(<strong><em>Utricularia vulgaris<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0bublinatka obecn\u00e1<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<p>Toto spole\u010denstvo nebylo v\u00a0pe\u0159ejnat\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch, prot\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00edch \u00fazk\u00fdmi \u00fadol\u00edmi se strm\u00fdmi svahy p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 hojn\u00e9. Jen v\u00a0klidn\u00fdch m\u011blk\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch toku a\u00a0na klidn\u00fdch okraj\u00edch \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho koryta se uchytily porosty vodn\u00edch rostlin.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>Ba\u017einn\u00e9 rostliny<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><u>Glyceria aqutica\u00a0<\/u><\/em><u>[<\/u><em><u>G<\/u><\/em><u>.<\/u><em><u>maxima<\/u><\/em><u>]* \u2013 zblochan vodn\u00ed<\/u>, (<strong><em>Holoschoenus vulgaris<\/em><\/strong><strong>*\u00a0<\/strong>\u2013<strong>\u00a0kam\u00fd\u0161ek \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd<\/strong>, [Scirpoides holoschoenus \u2013 kam\u00fd\u0161ek obecn\u00fd]), (<em>Carex pseudocyperus<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 ost\u0159ice nedo\u0161\u00e1chor,\u00a0<em>Carex riparia<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 ost\u0159ice pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed,\u00a0<em>Carex disticha<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 ost\u0159ice dvou\u0159ad\u00e1), (<strong><em>Juncus atratus<\/em><\/strong><strong>**\u00a0<\/strong>\u2013<strong>\u00a0s\u00edtina tmav\u00e1<\/strong>), (<em>Rumex hydrolapathum<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 \u0161\u0165ov\u00edk ko\u0148sk\u00fd),\u00a0<em>Polygonum<\/em>\u00a0<em>tomentosum<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 rdesno plstnat\u00e9,\u00a0<em>Ranunculus sardous<\/em>* \u2013 prysky\u0159n\u00edk sardinsk\u00fd, (<strong><em>Thalictrum<\/em><\/strong><strong>\u00a0<em>lucidum*<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>\u2013<strong>\u00a0\u017elu\u0165ucha \u017elut\u00e1 ssp. sv\u011btl\u00e1\u00a0<\/strong>[<strong>\u017e. leskl\u00e1<\/strong>]), (<strong><em>Trifolium fragiferum<\/em><\/strong><strong>*\u00a0<\/strong>\u2013\u00a0<strong>jetel jahodnat\u00fd<\/strong>), (<em>Lotus<\/em>\u00a0<em>siliquosus<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 \u0161t\u00edrovn\u00edk p\u0159\u00edmo\u0159sk\u00fd [<em>Tetragonolobus maritimus \u2013 ledenec p\u0159\u00edmo\u0159sk\u00fd<\/em>]), (<strong><em>Lathyrus paluster<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0[<strong><em>L. palustris<\/em><\/strong>] \u2013<strong>\u00a0hrachor bahenn\u00ed<\/strong>)<strong>,\u00a0<\/strong>(<strong><em>Euphorbia palustris<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0pry\u0161ec bahenn\u00ed<\/strong>), (<em>Hypericum acutum<\/em>* \u2013 t\u0159ezalka \u010dty\u0159k\u0159\u00eddl\u00e1), (<strong><em>Lythrum virgatum<\/em><\/strong><strong>*\u00a0<\/strong>\u2013\u00a0<strong>kyprej prutnat\u00fd<\/strong>,<strong>\u00a0<em>Lythrum hyssopifolium<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>\u2013<strong>\u00a0kyprej ysopolist\u00fd<\/strong>)<strong>,\u00a0<\/strong>(<strong><em>Sium latifolium<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0sevl\u00e1k \u0161irolist\u00fd\u00a0<\/strong>[<strong>s. poto\u010dn\u00ed<\/strong>]), (<em>Cnidium<\/em>\u00a0<em>venosum\u00a0<\/em>[<em>C.dubium<\/em>]\u00a0<em>\u2013<\/em>\u00a0jarva \u017eilnat\u00e1), (<em>Gratiola officinalis<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 konitrud l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd), (<em>Peplis portula<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 kalu\u017en\u00edk \u0161ruchov\u00fd), (<em>Centaurium pulchellum<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 zem\u011b\u017elu\u010d spanil\u00e1), (<strong><em>Teucrium scordium<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0o\u017eanka \u010desnekov\u00e1<\/strong>\u00a0[<strong>o. \u010dpav\u00e1<\/strong>]), (<strong><em>Scutellaria hastifolia<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0\u0161i\u0161\u00e1k hr\u00e1lolist\u00fd\u00a0<\/strong>[<strong>\u0161. hr\u00e1lovit\u00fd<\/strong>]), (<em>Leonurus marrubiastrum<\/em>* \u2013 bu\u0159ina jable\u010dn\u00edkovit\u00e1), (<em>Mentha aquatica<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 m\u00e1ta vodn\u00ed,\u00a0<em>M. pulegium<\/em>** \u2013 m\u00e1ta polej), (<em><u>Lycopus<\/u><\/em>\u00a0<em><u>exaltatus<\/u><\/em><u>* \u2013 karabinec statn\u00fd<\/u>),\u00a0<strong><em>Veronica scutellata<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0rozrazil \u0161t\u00edtkovit\u00fd<\/strong>, (<strong><em>Veronica anagalloides<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<strong>rozrazil ba\u0159inn\u00fd<\/strong>), (<em>Aster tripolium<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 hv\u011bzdnice slanist\u00e1), (<strong><em>Pulicaria dysenterica<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0ble\u0161n\u00edk \u00faplavi\u010dn\u00fd<\/strong>), (<strong><em>Pulicaria vulgaris*<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0ble\u0161n\u00edk obecn\u00fd<\/strong>),\u00a0<em>Bidens cornuus\u00a0<\/em>[<em>B<\/em>.\u00a0<em>cernua<\/em>] \u2013 dvouzubec n\u00edc\u00ed<em>, Senecio erraticus<\/em>** \u2013 star\u010dek bludn\u00fd,\u00a0<em><u>Cirsium canum<\/u><\/em><u>\u00a0\u2013 pch\u00e1\u010d \u0161ed\u00fd<\/u>, (<em>Sonchus uliginosus<\/em>\u00a0[<em>S. arvensis<\/em>] \u2013 ml\u00e9\u010d roln\u00ed).<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>R\u00e1kosiny<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Okraje m\u011bl\u010d\u00edch, pomalu tekouc\u00edch a\u00a0stojat\u00fdch vod zar\u016fstalo spole\u010denstvo r\u00e1kosin, tvo\u0159en\u00e9 hlavn\u011b r\u00e1kosem obecn\u00fdm (<em>Phragmites australis<\/em>) \u2013 viz\u00a0<em>obr. 11<\/em>, orobincem (<em>Typha latifolia a\u00a0Typha angustifolia<\/em>), zblochanem vodn\u00edm (<em>Glyceria maxima<\/em>) a\u00a0n\u011bkolika druhy vysok\u00fdch ost\u0159ic (<em>Carex\u00a0<\/em>sp. div.). Mezi nimi se ob\u010das objevovaly i\u00a0vysloven\u011b vodn\u00ed rostliny. Na b\u0159ez\u00edch p\u0159ech\u00e1zely r\u00e1kosiny do zazem\u0148ovan\u00fdch oblast\u00ed a\u00a0pronikaly p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b a\u017e do vlhk\u00fdch luk.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>Druhy p\u00eds\u010dit\u00fdch b\u0159eh\u016f Dyje<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>(<strong><em>Equisetum ramosissimum<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0p\u0159esli\u010dka v\u011btevnat\u00e1<\/strong>), (<strong><em>Equisetum hiemale<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0[<strong>E. hyemale<\/strong>] \u2013<strong>\u00a0p\u0159esli\u010dka zimn\u00ed<\/strong>), (<strong><em>Cyperus fuscus*<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0\u0161\u00e1chor hn\u011bd\u00fd<\/strong>), (<em>Heleocharis\u00a0<\/em>[<em>Eleocharis<\/em>]<em>\u00a0acicularis<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 bahni\u010dka jehlovit\u00e1),\u00a0<strong><em>Heleocharis<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0[<strong><em>Eleocharis<\/em><\/strong>]<strong>\u00a0<em>ovata<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>\u2013<strong>\u00a0bahni\u010dka vej\u010dit\u00e1<\/strong>, (<em>Carex<\/em>\u00a0<em>cyperoides<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 ost\u0159ice \u0161\u00e1chorovit\u00e1),\u00a0<em>Juncus compressus<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 s\u00edtina sm\u00e1\u010dknut\u00e1, (<strong><em>Juncus<\/em><\/strong><strong>\u00a0<em>sphaerocarpus<\/em>*<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0s\u00edtina kulatoplod\u00e1<\/strong>),\u00a0<em><u>Juncus bufonius<\/u><\/em><u>\u00a0\u2013 s\u00edtina \u017eab\u00ed<\/u>,\u00a0<em>Polygonum\u00a0<\/em>(syn<em>. Persicaria<\/em>)\u00a0<em>hydropiper<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 rdesno peprn\u00edk,\u00a0<em>Polygonum mitis<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 rdesno \u0159\u00eddkokv\u011bt\u00e9,\u00a0<em><u>Sagina procumbens<\/u><\/em><u>\u00a0\u2013 \u00farazn\u00edk pol\u00e9hav\u00fd [\u00farazn\u00edk polo\u017een\u00fd]<\/u>,\u00a0<em>Herniaria glabra<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 pr\u016ftr\u017en\u00edk lys\u00fd, (<strong><em>Myosurus minimus<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0my\u0161\u00ed oc\u00e1sek nejmen\u0161\u00ed<\/strong>),\u00a0<em>Potenilla supina<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 mochna pol\u00e9hav\u00e1, (<strong><em>Melilotus dentatus*<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013<strong>\u00a0komonice zubat\u00e1<\/strong>),\u00a0<em>Gnaphalium uliginosum<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 prot\u011b\u017e mo\u010d\u00e1lov\u00e1 [prot\u011b\u017e ba\u017einn\u00e1].<\/p>\n<p>(**panonsk\u00e1 kv\u011btena, *st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e1 kv\u011btena)<\/p>\n<p>Ze shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee vybudov\u00e1n\u00edm Vranovsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady zaniklo v\u00a0jej\u00edm z\u00e1topov\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed lokalit chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch druh\u016f rostlin (<em>obr. 12<\/em>). Pr\u016fzkum dna Vranovsk\u00e9 a\u00a0Znojemsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady, obna\u017een\u00e9ho v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0opravou jejich hr\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0roce 2005 p\u0159inesl nov\u00e9 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 poznatky o\u00a0fl\u00f3\u0159e a\u00a0vegetaci regionu st\u0159edn\u00edho Podyj\u00ed. Oproti d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u00fadaj\u016fm je mo\u017eno zde pova\u017eovat za b\u011b\u017en\u00fd v\u00fdskyt druh\u016f\u00a0<em>Limosella aquatica<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Peplis portula<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Cyperus fuscus<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Carex bohemica<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Eleocharis ovata\u00a0<\/em>a\u00a0<em>Bidens radiata<\/em>, kter\u00e9 byly dosud hodnoceny jako vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 \u010di \u0159\u00eddce se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed [57].<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-11.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4146];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4091 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-11.jpg\" alt=\"Zakova-11\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-11.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-11-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-11-768x576.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/600;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 11. R\u00e1kos obecn\u00fd\u00a0<em>Phragmites australis \u2013\u00a0<\/em>hojn\u00fd druh ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin v\u00a0z\u00e1topov\u00e9 oblasti Vranovsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady p\u0159ed zatopen\u00edm<br \/>\nFig. 11.\u00a0<em>Phragmites australis \u2013<\/em>\u00a0abundant plant species of marshes in floodded area of the Vranov Dam before flooding these wetlands<\/h6>\n<h3>Vodn\u00ed d\u00edlo Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny<\/h3>\n<h4>Zm\u011bny spole\u010denstva \u0159as a\u00a0sinic ve vod\u011b (fytoplanktonu)<\/h4>\n<p>V\u00a0soustav\u011b Novoml\u00fdnsk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0siln\u00e9mu pomno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159as a\u00a0sinic, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edtokovou vodou \u0159eky Dyje, ale i\u00a0p\u0159\u00edtok\u016f st\u0159edn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee \u2013 \u0159ek Svratky a\u00a0Jihlavy. Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se planktonn\u00ed spole\u010denstvo eutrofn\u00edch rybn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 sice v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det druh\u016f ne\u017e Dyje na p\u0159\u00edtoku a\u00a0zanikl\u00e9 p\u0159irozen\u00e9 t\u016fn\u011b, jde v\u0161ak o\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 druhy v\u00a0siln\u011b \u00fa\u017eivn\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st pomno\u017een\u00e9ho fytoplanktonu je sice v\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch eliminov\u00e1na \u2013 z\u010d\u00e1sti se st\u00e1v\u00e1 potravou zooplanktonu a\u00a0ryb, z\u010d\u00e1sti odum\u00edr\u00e1 a\u00a0zv\u011bt\u0161uje na dn\u011b mno\u017estv\u00ed sedimentu, bohat\u00e9ho na \u017eiviny. Na odtoku z\u00a0doln\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee je \u0159eka Dyje v\u00fdznamn\u011b obohacena o\u00a0\u0159asy a\u00a0sinice a\u00a0tak\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed spole\u010denstva voln\u00e9 vody se podstatn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed. Je to z\u0159ejm\u00e9 z\u00a0grafick\u00e9ho zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed na\u00a0<em>obr. 13<\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<em>14<\/em>. Fytoplankton, namno\u017een\u00fd v\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch, ve vegeta\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje \u0159eku Dyji pod n\u00e1dr\u017eemi.<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-12.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4146];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"424\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4092 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-12.jpg\" alt=\"Zakova-12\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-12.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-12-300x159.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-12-768x407.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/424;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 12. Zastoupen\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch a\u00a0ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin v\u00a0\u0159ece Dyji p\u0159ed a\u00a0po v\u00fdstavb\u011b Vranovsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady (1914\u20131918 \u2013 Himmelbaur a\u00a0Stumme [24], 2008 \u2013 Chytr\u00fd a\u00a0kol. [56])<br \/>\nFig. 12. Distribution of water and marsh plants in the Dyje River before and after construction of the Vranov Dam (1914\u20131918 \u2013 Himmelbaur and Stumme [24]; 2008 \u2013 Chytr\u00fd et al. [56])<\/h6>\n<h4>Zm\u011bny spole\u010denstva n\u00e1rost\u016f na dn\u011b (fytobentosu)<\/h4>\n<p>Slo\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1rost\u016f na dn\u011b a\u00a0pono\u0159en\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011btech (fytobentosu) v\u00a0\u0159ece Dyji bylo sledov\u00e1no od 50. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. V\u00a0tomto obdob\u00ed pro\u0161la Dyje v\u00a0\u00faseku mezi \u00fast\u00edm rakousk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edtoku Pulkavy a\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edm \u00fast\u00edm Dyje do Novoml\u00fdnsk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed mnoha kvalitativn\u00edmi zm\u011bnami.<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-13.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4146];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"524\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4093 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-13.jpg\" alt=\"Zakova-13\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-13.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-13-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-13-768x503.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/524;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 13. Zm\u011bny zastoupen\u00ed \u0159as a\u00a0sinic ve vod\u011b (fytoplanktonu) v\u00a0soustav\u011b Novoml\u00fdnsk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0dob\u011b letn\u00edho vegeta\u010dn\u00edho maxima v\u00a0roce 1992 (na p\u0159\u00edtoku \u2013 Drnholec a\u00a0na p\u0159elivech t\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed: horn\u00ed \u2013 Mu\u0161ov, st\u0159edn\u00ed \u2013 Strachot\u00edn a\u00a0doln\u00ed \u2013 Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny)<br \/>\nFig. 13. Distribution of algae and Cyanobacteria (Phytoplankton) in the Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny Reservoirs at the vegetation maximum of 1992 (inflow \u2013 Drnholec, overflow of the upper basin \u2013 Mu\u0161ov, middle basin \u2013 Strachot\u00edn and lower basin \u2013 Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny)<\/h6>\n<p>V\u00a0letech 1955 a\u017e 1959 Dyje v\u00a0\u00faseku pod \u00fast\u00edm Pulkavy byla hodnocena jako m\u00edrn\u011b zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd tok. Dno bylo hust\u011b porostl\u00e9 vl\u00e1knit\u00fdmi \u0159asami\u00a0<em>Cladophora glomerata\u00a0<\/em>(\u017eab\u00ed vlas), vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi vodn\u00edmi rostlinami \u2013 rdesty (<em>Potamogeton\u00a0<\/em>sp<em>.),\u00a0<\/em>stol\u00edstkem (<em>Myriophyllum\u00a0<\/em>sp.), hv\u011bzdo\u0161em (<em>Callitriche\u00a0<\/em>sp.<em>)\u00a0<\/em>apod. Ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed se zde vyskytovala i\u00a0ruducha\u00a0<em>Audouinella chalybaea,\u00a0<\/em>kter\u00e1 je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za indik\u00e1tor \u010dist\u00fdch vod. N\u00e1rosty mikroskopick\u00fdch \u0159as tvo\u0159ily hlavn\u011b rozsivky\u00a0<em>Melosira varians, Diatoma vulgaris,\u00a0<\/em>druhy rod\u016f\u00a0<em>Navicula, Fragilaria, Nitzschia\u00a0<\/em>aj. Na dn\u011b p\u0159evl\u00e1dali \u010distobytn\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9. \u0158eka byla vhodn\u00e1 ke koup\u00e1n\u00ed. Zlom nastal v\u00a0podzimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed roku 1959, kdy se \u010dist\u00fd tok neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b zm\u011bnil k\u00a0hor\u0161\u00edmu. Dyje se r\u00e1zem posunula do kategorie velmi siln\u011b zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch tok\u016f. Hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou zm\u011bn byly odpadn\u00ed vody z\u00a0rakousk\u00e9ho chemick\u00e9ho z\u00e1vodu, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 \u0159ekou Pulkavou, a\u00a0odpadn\u00ed vody z\u00a0cukrovaru v\u00a0Hru\u0161ovanech, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 Jevi\u0161ovkou, \u00fast\u00edc\u00ed nedaleko sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho vzdut\u00ed horn\u00ed novoml\u00fdnsk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Ve vod\u011b i\u00a0na dn\u011b p\u0159evl\u00e1dly indik\u00e1tory siln\u00e9ho organick\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 vl\u00e1knit\u00e9 bakterie\u00a0<em>Sphaerotilus natans<\/em>, kter\u00e9 byly dominantn\u00ed v\u00a0obdob\u00ed cukrovarnick\u00e9 kampan\u011b i\u00a0v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch letech. Mohutn\u00e9 n\u00e1rosty bakteri\u00ed, vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00a0\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm koryt\u011b \u0159eky Dyje v\u00a0Hevl\u00edn\u011b dos\u00e1hly postupn\u011b n\u011bkolikacentimetrov\u00e9 mocnosti. V\u00a0kv\u011btnu 1982 jsme stanovili na plo\u0161e 1\u2008m<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0dna a\u00a0kamenit\u00fdch b\u0159eh\u016f p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 25\u2008kg vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed (<em>obr. 15<\/em>). Postupn\u011b se zvy\u0161ovalo mno\u017estv\u00ed un\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch chom\u00e1\u010d\u016f vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed, odpoutan\u00fdch ode dna spolu s\u00a0vl\u00e1knit\u00fdmi sinicemi, kter\u00e9 chom\u00e1\u010de nadn\u00e1\u0161ely k\u00a0hladin\u011b bublinkami kysl\u00edku, vznikaj\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159i fotosynt\u00e9ze. Obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9ho organick\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0plovouc\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f zp\u016fsobovalo velmi nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 pom\u011bry na konci vzdut\u00ed horn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Ani instalace norn\u00e9 st\u011bny v\u00a0Dyji na vtoku do n\u00e1dr\u017ee nebyla k\u00a0z\u00e1chran\u011b situace dosta\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed. N\u00e1rosty, odpoutan\u00e9 ode dna, tvo\u0159ily plovouc\u00ed \u201ekol\u00e1\u010de\u201c, kter\u00e9 byly posunov\u00e1ny d\u00e1le do n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Po odum\u0159en\u00ed sinic v\u00a0zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed klesaly ke dnu a\u00a0p\u0159isp\u00edvaly k\u00a0tvorb\u011b jemn\u00e9ho pohybliv\u00e9ho bahna, od\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho kysl\u00edk z\u00a0vody. Po zprovozn\u011bn\u00ed \u010dist\u00edrny odpadn\u00edch vod v\u00a0rakousk\u00e9m Pernhofenu a\u00a0d\u00edky postupn\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch z\u00e1vodech do\u0161lo k\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu zlep\u0161en\u00ed stavu [45\u201350, 58].<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-14.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4146];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"524\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4094 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-14.jpg\" alt=\"Zakova-14\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-14.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-14-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-14-768x503.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/524;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 14. Zm\u011bny mno\u017estv\u00ed fytoplanktonu (chlorofylu-a) v\u00a0\u0159ece Dyji nad (p\u0159\u00edtok \u2013 Drnholec) a\u00a0pod (Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny) vodn\u00edm d\u00edlem Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny v\u00a0letech 2002\u20132006 (data: Povod\u00ed Moravy Brno)<br \/>\nFig. 14. Variable abundance of phytoplankton (Chlorophyll-a) in the Dyje River upstream (Drnholec) and downstream (Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny) of the Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny Water Reservoirs in 2002\u20132006 (data: Povod\u00ed Moravy Brno)<\/h6>\n<p>V\u00a0letech 1992\u20131994 se v\u00a0Dyji nad horn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0\u00faseku od Hevl\u00edna po vtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee v\u00a0Drnholci znovu vyskytovaly v\u00a0n\u00e1rostech ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed \u010distobytn\u00e9 druhy \u2013 rozsivky\u00a0<em>Synedra [Fragilaria] ulna<\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<em>Melosira varians\u00a0<\/em>(<em>obr. 16<\/em>), vl\u00e1knit\u00e9 \u0159asy\u00a0<em>Cladophora glomerata, Enteromorpha intestinalis\u00a0<\/em>[<em>Ulva intestinalis<\/em>] a\u00a0<em>Oedogonium rivulare<\/em>. Z\u00a0mech\u016f\u00a0<em>Amblystegium riparium<\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<em>Fissidens\u00a0<\/em>sp<em>.<\/em>\u00a0Pod soustavou n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0profilu Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny bylo rostlinn\u00e9 spole\u010denstvo v\u00a0koryt\u011b Dyje tvo\u0159eno hlavn\u011b t\u011bmito druhy \u0159as: z\u00a0rozsivek se vyskytovaly ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed\u00a0<em>Melosira varians<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Diatoma vulgaris<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Synedra [Fragilaria] ulna<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Fragilaria construens<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Rhoicosphenia curvata\u00a0<\/em>[<em>Rhoicosphenia abbreviata<\/em>] a\u00a0C<em>occoneis placentula,\u00a0<\/em>z\u00a0vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch \u0159as\u00a0<em>Cladophora glomerata<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Oedogonium rivulare<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Enteromorpha<\/em>\u00a0<em>intestinalis<\/em>\u00a0[<em>Ulva intestinalis<\/em>] a\u00a0d\u00e1le zelen\u00e1 \u0159asa rodu\u00a0<em>Tetrasporidium<\/em>. Z\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch rostlin\u00a0<em>Potamogeton crispus<\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<em>Potamogeton pectinatus<\/em>\u00a0(rozbory V\u00daV Brno v\u00a0r\u00e1mci zpr\u00e1v o\u00a0monitoringu pro \u010ceskoslovensko-rakouskou komisi hrani\u010dn\u00edch vod \u2013 archiv \u017d\u00e1kov\u00e1).<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-15.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4146];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"538\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4095 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-15.jpg\" alt=\"Zakova-15\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-15.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-15-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-15-768x516.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/538;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 15. Bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1rosty v\u00a0\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm koryt\u011b \u0159eky Dyje pod \u00fast\u00edm Pulkavy v\u00a0roce 1982<br \/>\nFig. 15. Bacterial\u00a0<em>\u201e<\/em>Aufwuchs\u201c in the Dyje riverbed downstream of the inflow of the Pulkava River in 1982<\/h6>\n<p>Vlastn\u00ed tok Dyje se siln\u011b zabahn\u011bn\u00fdm dnem sk\u00fdtal p\u0159ed v\u00fdstavbou n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed jen lok\u00e1ln\u011b vhodn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro uchycen\u00ed \u0159asov\u00fdch n\u00e1rost\u016f, jejich\u017e rozvoj byl t\u00e9\u017e ru\u0161en zna\u010dn\u00fdm kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00edm hladiny. V\u00fdstavbou hr\u00e1z\u00ed horn\u00ed zdr\u017ee a\u00a0soustavy svodn\u00fdch a\u00a0odvod\u0148ovac\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkop\u016f vznikly nov\u00e9 mikrobiotopy pro n\u00e1rostov\u00e1 epilitick\u00e1 spole\u010denstva. Z\u00a0druh\u016f, dosahuj\u00edc\u00edch siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho rozvoje uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed auto\u0159i Ettl, Gardavsk\u00fd a\u00a0Marvan [44]:\u00a0<em>Stigeoclonium tenue<\/em>\u00a0(AG.) K\u00fctz. sensu lato,\u00a0<em>Cladophora glomerata<\/em>\u00a0(L.) K\u00fctz.<em>\u00a0(obr. 17),<\/em>\u00a0<em>Ulothrix zonata<\/em>\u00a0(Web and Mohr) K\u00fctz.,\u00a0<em>Vaucheria\u00a0<\/em>spp. a\u00a0<em>Phormidium autumnale<\/em>\u00a0Gom.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0d\u016fsledku v\u00fdstavby VD Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny zanikla i\u00a0lokalita rozsivky\u00a0<em>Entomoneis<\/em>\u00a0<em>costata,\u00a0<\/em>z\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e byl tento vz\u00e1cn\u00fd druh pops\u00e1n [59].<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-16.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4146];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4096 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-16.jpg\" alt=\"Zakova-16\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-16.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-16-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-16-768x576.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/600;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 16.\u00a0<em>Melosira varians<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 typick\u00fd z\u00e1stupce n\u00e1rostov\u00fdch rozsivek v\u00a0Dyji nad i\u00a0pod soustavou vodn\u00edho d\u00edla Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny (fotografie: P. Sedl\u00e1\u010dek)<br \/>\nFig. 16.\u00a0<em>Melosira varians<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0typical representant of periphyton diatoms in the Dyje River upstream and downstream of the Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny Water Reservoirs (photo: P. Sedl\u00e1\u010dek)<\/h6>\n<p>Hromadn\u00fd v\u00fdskyt vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch \u0159as v\u00a0t\u016fn\u00edch a\u00a0mrtv\u00fdch ramenech je charakteristick\u00fd pr\u016fvodn\u00ed jev obdob\u00ed jarn\u00edch z\u00e1plav v\u00a0inunda\u010dn\u00ed z\u00f3n\u011b \u0159eky Dyje. V\u00a0obdob\u00ed jarn\u00edch z\u00e1plav se \u010dasto oblast hromadn\u00fdch v\u00fdskyt\u016f \u0159as (zejm\u00e9na druh\u016f rodu\u00a0<em>Tribonema (obr. 18)\u00a0<\/em>a\u00a0pozd\u011bji i\u00a0rodu\u00a0<em>Spirogyra<\/em>\u00a0roz\u0161i\u0159ovala i\u00a0na plochy p\u0159echodn\u011b zatopen\u00fdch lu\u010dn\u00edch porost\u016f. P\u0159i dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00edch z\u00e1plav\u00e1ch, prota\u017een\u00fdch a\u017e do l\u00e9ta (nap\u0159. v\u00a0roce 1965), doch\u00e1zelo na plo\u0161e n\u011bkolika set hektar\u016f rozlit\u00e9 dyjsk\u00e9 vody k\u00a0hromadn\u00e9mu rozvoji zelen\u00e9 vl\u00e1knit\u00e9 \u0159asy\u00a0<em>Cladophora fracta<\/em>. Postupn\u011b se zde vyst\u0159\u00eddala jarn\u00ed \u0159asov\u00e1 spole\u010denstva. Po opadnut\u00ed vody se vytvo\u0159ily souvisl\u00e9 a\u017e p\u0159es 1\u2008cm siln\u00e9 koberce, neprody\u0161n\u011b pokr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u016fdu a\u00a0br\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed rozvoji vlastn\u00edch lu\u010dn\u00edch porost\u016f v\u00a0cel\u00e9m \u00faseku inunda\u010dn\u00ed z\u00f3ny \u0159eky Dyje od Drnholce a\u017e po Podiv\u00edn [44].<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-17.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4146];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4097 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-17.jpg\" alt=\"Zakova-17\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-17.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-17-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-17-768x576.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/600;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 17.\u00a0<em>Cladophora glomerata\u00a0<\/em>(\u017eab\u00ed vlas) typick\u00fd z\u00e1stupce n\u00e1rostov\u00fdch vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch \u0159as \u0159eky Dyje nad i\u00a0pod soustavou vodn\u00edho d\u00edla Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny (fotografie: P. Sedl\u00e1\u010dek)<br \/>\nFig. 17.\u00a0<em>Cladophora glomerata<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0representative of filamentous periphyton algae in the Dyje River upstream and downstream of the Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny Water Reservoirs (photo: P. Sedl\u00e1\u010dek)<\/h6>\n<h4>Zm\u011bny spole\u010denstva vodn\u00edch a\u00a0ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin<\/h4>\n<p>V\u00a0Dyji nad horn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0\u00faseku od Hevl\u00edna po vtok do n\u00e1dr\u017ee v\u00a0Drnholci se v\u00a0letech 1992\u20131994 vyskytovaly ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed z\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch rostlin\u00a0<em>Batrachium fluitans<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Myriophyllum spicatum<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Potamogeton crispus<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Potamogeton pectinatus<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Polygonum amphibium<\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<em>Callitriche\u00a0<\/em>sp. Z\u00a0mech\u016f\u00a0<em>Amblystegium riparium<\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<em>Fissidens\u00a0<\/em>sp<em>.<\/em>\u00a0Pod soustavou n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0profilu Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny se z\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch rostlin hojn\u011bji vyskytovaly druhy\u00a0<em>Potamogeton crispus<\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<em>Potamogeton pectinatus,<\/em>\u00a0podobn\u011b jako v\u00a0Dyji nad n\u00e1dr\u017eemi (rozbory V\u00daV Brno) [58].<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-18.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4146];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"424\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4098 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-18.jpg\" alt=\"Zakova-18\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-18.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-18-300x159.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-18-768x407.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/424;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 18. Vl\u00e1knit\u00e1 \u0159asa\u00a0<em>Tribonema<\/em>\u00a0sp. Derbes &amp; Solier, typick\u00fd druh hromadn\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159asy v\u00a0dob\u011b jarn\u00edch z\u00e1plav p\u0159ed napu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm vodn\u00edho d\u00edla Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny (fotografie: J. Ka\u0161tovsk\u00fd)<br \/>\nFig. 18.<em>\u00a0Tribonema<\/em>\u00a0sp. Derbes &amp; Solier, a\u00a0typical species with mass occurrence in the period of spring floods before the construction of the Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny Water Reservoirs (photo: J. Ka\u0161tovsk\u00fd)<\/h6>\n<p>Hus\u00e1k [28, 43] publikoval p\u0159ehled v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch druh\u016f vodn\u00edch a\u00a0ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin \u0159eky Dyje v\u00a0z\u00e1topov\u00e9 oblasti Novoml\u00fdnsk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ed jejich napu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm (horn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e [25], st\u0159edn\u00ed a\u00a0doln\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e [28]; hojnost na sledovan\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch + a\u017e 5, min.\u2013max.). V\u00a0hranat\u00fdch z\u00e1vork\u00e1ch sou\u010dasn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy. Vymizelo velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch druh\u016f vodn\u00edch a\u00a0ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin (zv\u00fdrazn\u011bny tu\u010dn\u011b) podle \u010cerven\u00e9ho seznamu c\u00e9vnat\u00fdch rostlin \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky [53]:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>Horn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Vodn\u00ed rostliny:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Lemna minor\u00a0<\/em>(1\u20134),<em>\u00a0Lemna gibba\u00a0<\/em>(1\u20135),\u00a0<strong><em>Lemna trisulca<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(1\u20135),\u00a0<strong><em>Wolffia arrhiza<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(2\u20135),<em>\u00a0Spirodela polyrhiza\u00a0<\/em>(1\u20133),\u00a0<em>Elodea canadensis<\/em>\u00a0(1\u20135),\u00a0<em>Nuphar lutea\u00a0<\/em>(1\u20134),\u00a0<em>Ceratophyllum demersum\u00a0<\/em>(1\u20135),\u00a0<strong><em>Ceratophyllum submersum<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(2)<em>,\u00a0<\/em><strong><em>Batrachium rionii\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(3),<em>\u00a0Callitriche sp.\u00a0<\/em>(2)<em>, Hydrocharis morsus-ranae\u00a0<\/em>(1\u20135),\u00a0<em>Potamogeton berchtoldii\u00a0<\/em>(5)<em>, Potamogeton pectinatus\u00a0<\/em>(3)<strong><em>, Stratiotes aloides\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(2).<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Ba\u017einn\u00e9 rostliny:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Phragmites australis\u00a0<\/em>(5)<em>, Typha latifolia\u00a0<\/em>(4)<em>, Glyceria maxima\u00a0<\/em>(1\u20135),<strong>\u00a0<em>Carex riparia<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(2\u20135),<em>\u00a0Carex gracilis\u00a0<\/em>(1)<em>, Acorus calamus\u00a0<\/em>(5)<em>, Bolboschoenus compactus\u00a0<\/em>[<em>B. maritimus var.compactus<\/em>] (5),<em>\u00a0Oenanthe aquatica\u00a0<\/em>(1\u20135),\u00a0<em>Rorippa amphibia<\/em>\u00a0(1\u20134),\u00a0<strong><em>Sium latifolium\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(+)<em>, Iris pseudacorus\u00a0<\/em>(1),\u00a0<em>Lysimachia vulgaris\u00a0<\/em>(1)<em>, Galium palustre\u00a0<\/em>(1\u20132),\u00a0<em>Persicaria amphibia\u00a0<\/em>(1),<em>\u00a0Phalaroides arundinacea<\/em>\u00a0(1),<em>\u00a0Lythrum salicaria\u00a0<\/em>(1)\u00a0<em>(obr.19), Rumex crispus\u00a0<\/em>(1)<em>, Rumex maritimus\u00a0<\/em>(+-3),\u00a0<em>Rumex hydrolapathum<\/em>\u00a0(+-1)<em>, Alopecurus aequalis\u00a0<\/em>(+-1)<em>, Lycopus europeus<\/em>\u00a0(1),\u00a0<em>Stachys palustris\u00a0<\/em>(1).<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>St\u0159edn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">Vodn\u00ed rostliny:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Alisma plantago-aquatica<\/em>\u00a0(1),<em>\u00a0Lemna gibba\u00a0<\/em>(1),\u00a0<em>Lemna minor\u00a0<\/em>(2)<em>, Spirodela polyrhiza\u00a0<\/em>(2),\u00a0<em>Ceratophyllum demersum\u00a0<\/em>(1),\u00a0<strong><em>Ceratophyllum submersum\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(4),\u00a0<em>Nuphar lutea\u00a0<\/em>(1\u20134),\u00a0<em>Potamogeton pusillus agg.\u00a0<\/em>(2),<em>\u00a0Riccia fluitans<\/em>\u00a0(1).<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Ba\u017einn\u00e9 rostliny:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Acorus calamus\u00a0<\/em>(+-4),<em>\u00a0Bolboschoenus compactus\u00a0<\/em>[<em>B<\/em>.<em>maritimus var.compactus<\/em>] (1),\u00a0<em>Galium palustre<\/em>\u00a0(1\u20132),\u00a0<em>Glyceria maxima<\/em>\u00a0(2),<em>\u00a0Phragmites australis<\/em>\u00a0(+-5),<em>\u00a0Rumex hydrolapathum\u00a0<\/em>(+-2),\u00a0<em>Rumex maritimus\u00a0<\/em>(1),<em>\u00a0Rorippa amphibia\u00a0<\/em>(2), R<em>orippa palustris<\/em>\u00a0(3),\u00a0<em>Limosella aquatica<\/em>\u00a0(1),\u00a0<em>Alisma lanceolatum\u00a0<\/em>(1),<em>\u00a0Lythrum salicaria<\/em>\u00a0(1\u20132),\u00a0<em>Lysimachia vulgaris<\/em>\u00a0(1),\u00a0<em>Carex hirta<\/em>\u00a0(1),\u00a0<em>Glyceria maxima<\/em>\u00a0(4),\u00a0<em>Carex gracilis\u00a0<\/em>(1\u20132),\u00a0<strong><em>Carex riparia\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(2),\u00a0<em>Sium latifolium<\/em>\u00a0(1\u20132),\u00a0<em>Oenanthe aquatica<\/em>\u00a0(1\u20135),\u00a0<strong><em>Butomus umbellatus\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(1\u20132),<em>\u00a0Iris pseudacorus\u00a0<\/em>(1\u20132),<em>\u00a0Persicaria amphibia\u00a0<\/em>(1),<strong><em>\u00a0Leucojum aestivum\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(1),<em>\u00a0Phalaroides arundinacea<\/em>\u00a0(1),\u00a0<em>Stachys palustris\u00a0<\/em>(1).<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>Doln\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Vodn\u00ed rostliny:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Hottonia palustris<\/em>\u00a0(5),<em>\u00a0Lemna gibba\u00a0<\/em>(1),\u00a0<em>Lemna minor\u00a0<\/em>(1),\u00a0<strong><em>Lemna trisulca<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(1\u20132),\u00a0<em>Ceratophyllum demersum<\/em>\u00a0(1\u20133),\u00a0<em>Spirodela polyrhiza\u00a0<\/em>(1\u20132),\u00a0<strong><em>Potamogeton lucens<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(5),\u00a0<strong><em>Potamogeton trichoides<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(1\u20132),\u00a0<strong><em>Nymphaea alba<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(5),\u00a0<strong><em>Sagittaria sagittifolia<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(1),\u00a0<em>Potamogeton pectinatus<\/em>\u00a0(1).<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #33cccc;\"><strong>Ba\u017einn\u00e9 rostliny:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Oenanthe aquatica\u00a0<\/em>(1\u20132),\u00a0<em>Persicaria amphibia\u00a0<\/em>(1),\u00a0<strong><em>Butomus umbellatus<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(1),<em>\u00a0Alisma plantago-aquatica<\/em>\u00a0(1),<em>\u00a0Phragmites australis\u00a0<\/em>(1\u20132),<em>\u00a0Carex gracilis\u00a0<\/em>(2),\u00a0<em>Carex vesicaria\u00a0<\/em>(2),\u00a0<em>Carex vulpina<\/em>\u00a0(2),<em>\u00a0Phalaris arundinacea\u00a0<\/em>(2),<em>\u00a0Galium palustre\u00a0<\/em>(2),<em>\u00a0Glyceria maxima\u00a0<\/em>(2),\u00a0<strong><em>Leucojum aestivum<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(2),\u00a0<em>Lythrum salicaria\u00a0<\/em>(1),\u00a0<em>Iris pseudacorus\u00a0<\/em>(1),\u00a0<em>Bolboschoenus maritimus\u00a0<\/em>(1),\u00a0<strong><em>Eleocharis palustris agg<\/em><\/strong><strong>.<\/strong>\u00a0(1),\u00a0<em>Lysimachia vulgaris<\/em>\u00a0(1),\u00a0<em>Rorippa amphibia\u00a0<\/em>(1),\u00a0<em>Rumex hydrolapathum<\/em>\u00a0(1),<em>\u00a0Rumex crispus<\/em>\u00a0(1),<em>\u00a0Rumex maritimus\u00a0<\/em>(1),\u00a0<strong><em>Schoenoplectus lacustris<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(1),\u00a0<strong><em>Sium latifolium<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(1),\u00a0<em>Sparganium emersum<\/em>\u00a0(1),<em>\u00a0Sparganium erectum<\/em>\u00a0(1),<em>\u00a0Typha angustifolia\u00a0<\/em>(1),<em>\u00a0Typha laxmanii<\/em>\u00a0(1),\u00a0<em>Typha latifolia\u00a0<\/em>(1).<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1pisy fytocenologick\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f byly prov\u00e1d\u011bny semikvantitativn\u00ed odhadovou metodou podle Braun-Blanqueta [60].<\/p>\n<p>Ji\u017e v\u00a0obdob\u00ed schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed projekt\u016f vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch \u00faprav na ji\u017en\u00ed Morav\u011b upozor\u0148ovali p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdci na to, \u017ee jejich realizace zp\u016fsob\u00ed velk\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed druhov\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrody v\u00a0posti\u017een\u00e9 krajin\u011b \u00fadoln\u00edch niv Dyje a\u00a0Moravy.<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-19.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4146];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"1227\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4099 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-19.jpg\" alt=\"Zakova-19\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-19.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-19-196x300.jpg 196w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-19-768x1178.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-19-668x1024.jpg 668w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/1227;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 19. Kyprej vrbice (<em>Lythrum salicaria<\/em>)<em>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/em>m\u00e9n\u011b hojn\u00fd druh ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin v\u00a0z\u00e1topov\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed vodn\u00edho d\u00edla Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny p\u0159ed zatopen\u00edm<br \/>\nFig. 19.\u00a0<em>Lythrum salicaria\u00a0<\/em>\u2013 less abundant plant species of marshes in floodded area of the Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny Water Reservoirs before flooding these wetlands<\/h6>\n<p>Po\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed nivy kolem doln\u00edho toku \u0159eky Dyje byly je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed 40 lety prostoupeny stovkami drobn\u00fdch vod, kter\u00e9 zde vytvo\u0159ila meandruj\u00edc\u00ed a\u00a0pravideln\u011b se rozl\u00e9vaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159eka. V\u00a0t\u011bchto vod\u00e1ch a\u00a0v\u00a0t\u011bsn\u00e9 n\u00e1vaz\u00adnosti na n\u011b vznikala specifick\u00e1 spole\u010denstva organism\u016f, v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1 svou druhovou rozmanitost\u00ed. Nav\u00edc\u00a0tato krajina, charakteristick\u00e1 sv\u00fdmi lu\u017en\u00edmi lesy, loukami a\u00a0mok\u0159ady, m\u011bla nejen vysokou ekologickou, ale i\u00a0estetickou hodnotu. Vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy, spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0regulac\u00ed doln\u00edho toku Dyje (v\u00a060. a\u00a070. letech), v\u00fdstavbou Novoml\u00fdnsk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed (v\u00a070. a\u00a080. letech), rozor\u00e1n\u00edm t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 poloviny z\u00a0celkov\u00e9 rozlohy luk, vyk\u00e1cen\u00edm asi 1 300\u2008ha lu\u017en\u00edho lesa a\u00a0vysou\u0161en\u00edm p\u016fdy, znamenaly tvrd\u00fd z\u00e1sah do st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fdch spole\u010denstev. Kvantitativn\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu t\u011bchto vod v\u0161ak nen\u00ed zdaleka tak citeln\u00e9, jako \u00fapln\u00fd z\u00e1nik (Pansee, Podkovy, Sajlovka, Sand) nebo v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 degradace n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdch mok\u0159ad\u016f (Kv\u011btn\u00e9 jezero, Kutnar). Zmizely tak lokality charakteristick\u00e9 v\u00fdskytem vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch druh\u016f fauny i\u00a0fl\u00f3ry a\u00a0zbyl\u00e9 lokality byly nav\u00edc z\u0159eteln\u011b po\u0161kozeny postupuj\u00edc\u00ed eutrofizac\u00ed a\u00a0zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00edm vod. Odstran\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00fdch ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1plav se pak na biologick\u00e9 diverzit\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed projevilo nejsiln\u011bji. Z\u00e1nik v\u011bt\u0161iny periodick\u00fdch t\u016fn\u00ed s\u00a0jejich typickou a\u00a0neopakovatelnou fl\u00f3rou a\u00a0zejm\u00e9na faunou postihlo druhov\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed a\u00a0specifiku t\u00e9to krajiny nejv\u00edce. Krom\u011b pozitivn\u00edho vlivu p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed vody z\u00a0Dyje do lu\u017en\u00edho lesa pod n\u00e1dr\u017eemi u\u00a0Nov\u00fdch Ml\u00fdn\u016f, kter\u00fd v\u00a0d\u016fsledku t\u00e9to stavby p\u0159i\u0161el o\u00a0ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 z\u00e1plavy, doch\u00e1z\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem t\u00e9\u017e k\u00a0masivn\u00edmu zavl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edho kv\u011btu sinic do velk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu lesn\u00edch t\u016fn\u00ed a\u00a0ohro\u017een\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch spole\u010denstev [51].<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-20.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-4146];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"648\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4100 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-20.jpg\" alt=\"Zakova-20\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-20.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-20-300x243.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Zakova-20-768x622.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/648;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 20. Bledule letn\u00ed\u00a0(<em>Leucojum aestivum<\/em>), velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00fd druh, kter\u00fd se v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice vyskytoval pouze na ji\u017en\u00ed Morav\u011b na ba\u017einat\u00fdch louk\u00e1ch; byla p\u0159esazov\u00e1na dobrovoln\u00edky na jin\u00e9 stanovi\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed zatopen\u00edm (fotografie: J. Haluz\u00edkov\u00e1, Veronica \u010d. 3\u20134, 1988)<br \/>\nFig. 20.\u00a0<em>Leucojum aestivum \u2013\u00a0<\/em>endangered species of marsh plants, occurring in the CR only in South Moravian wetlands; it was transplanted by volunteers to the another suitable site before flooding these wetlands (photo: J. Haluz\u00edkov\u00e1, Veronica No. 3\u20134, 1988)<\/h6>\n<p>Ekologov\u00e9 se sna\u017eili zachr\u00e1nit n\u011bkter\u00e9 vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 druhy rostlin jejich p\u0159esazen\u00edm na vhodn\u00e1 m\u00edsta mimo z\u00e1topu. Ve snaze o\u00a0zachov\u00e1n\u00ed genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu z\u00a0podm\u00ednek aluvia byly p\u0159eneseny do nov\u00e9 lokality Betl\u00e9m rostliny t\u011bchto druh\u016f: kosatec dvojbarevn\u00fd (<em>Iris variegata<\/em>), lekn\u00edn b\u00edl\u00fd (<em>Nymphaea<\/em>\u00a0<em>alba<\/em>), stul\u00edk \u017elut\u00fd (<em>Nuphar lutea<\/em>), \u0159ezan pilolist\u00fd (<em>Stratiotes aloides<\/em>) [61]. Po dobu deseti let p\u0159ed napu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm doln\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee prob\u00edhalo p\u0159esazov\u00e1n\u00ed velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 bledule letn\u00ed\u00a0<em>Leucojum aestivum\u00a0<\/em>(<em>obr. 20<\/em>), kter\u00e1 se v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice vyskytovala pouze na ji\u017en\u00ed Morav\u011b na ba\u017einat\u00fdch louk\u00e1ch a\u00a0byla za\u0159azena v\u00a0\u010cerven\u00e9m seznamu kriticky ohro\u017een\u00fdch rostlin \u010cSR. D\u00edky snaze mnoha dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f z\u00a0\u0159ad ochr\u00e1nc\u016f p\u0159\u00edrody bylo ze z\u00e1topov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed zachr\u00e1n\u011bno p\u0159es 100 tis\u00edc trs\u016f t\u00e9to bledule a\u00a0mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch rostlin \u2013 lado\u0148ka v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e1, kosatec sibi\u0159sk\u00fd aj. [62].<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011bry<\/h2>\n<p>Projekt Zatopen\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed Moravy p\u0159inesl cenn\u00e9 poznatky o\u00a0zm\u011bn\u00e1ch v\u00fdskytu spole\u010denstev vodn\u00edch a\u00a0ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin \u0159eky Svratky po vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady a\u00a0\u0159eky Dyje po vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed Vranovsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady a\u00a0vodn\u00edho d\u00edla Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny.<\/p>\n<p>Zm\u011bny mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0159as a\u00a0sinic ve vod\u011b (fytoplanktonu) \u0159eky Svratky pod Brn\u011bnskou p\u0159ehradou jsou podm\u00edn\u011bny procesy, prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edmi v\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ei, re\u017eimem vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody, pop\u0159. opat\u0159en\u00edmi, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdmi v\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017ei pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed jakosti vody (zamezen\u00ed hromadn\u00e9ho v\u00fdskytu sinicov\u00e9ho vodn\u00edho kv\u011btu). V\u00a0z\u00e1topov\u00e9 oblasti Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady byl pops\u00e1n v\u00fdskyt v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 druh\u016f vodn\u00edch a\u00a0ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin, kter\u00e9 zmizely pod hladinou n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Vyskytoval se zde zna\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f, kter\u00e9 se uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cerven\u00e9m seznamu c\u00e9vnat\u00fdch rostlin \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky [53].<\/p>\n<p>Vranovsk\u00e1 p\u0159ehrada, hlubok\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e korytovit\u00e9ho tvaru, zachycuje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u00fapln\u011b p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161en\u00fd i\u00a0vyprodukovan\u00fd fytoplankton (p\u016fsob\u00ed jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd lapa\u010d fytoplanktonu). Po napu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Vranovsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady se v\u00a0jej\u00edm z\u00e1topov\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed krom\u011b \u0159as a\u00a0sinic ve vod\u011b (fytoplanktonu) nezachovala v\u00a0podstat\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 spole\u010denstva vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch a\u00a0ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin. Celkem bylo v\u00a0z\u00e1topov\u00e9 oblasti Vranovsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady p\u0159ed zatopen\u00edm pops\u00e1no kolem 80 druh\u016f vodn\u00edch a\u00a0ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovina z\u00a0nich byly ohro\u017een\u00e9 druhy.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0Novoml\u00fdnsk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch se po jejich napu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vytvo\u0159ilo bohat\u00e9 planktonn\u00ed spole\u010denstvo siln\u011b \u00fa\u017eivn\u00fdch (eutrofn\u00edch) vod, tvo\u0159en\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem druh\u016f ne\u017e v\u00a0Dyji na p\u0159\u00edtoku a\u00a0v\u00a0zanikl\u00fdch p\u0159irozen\u00fdch t\u016fn\u00edch, jde v\u0161ak o\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 druhy\u00a0eutrofn\u00edch vod. Fytoplankton, namno\u017een\u00fd v\u00a0n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch, ve vegeta\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed m\u00e1 negativn\u00ed vliv na vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee i\u00a0\u0159eku Dyji pod nimi. V\u00a0z\u00e1topov\u00e9 oblasti v\u0161ech t\u0159\u00ed Novoml\u00fdnsk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed byl p\u0159ed jejich napu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm zaznamen\u00e1n v\u00fdskyt p\u0159es 23 druh\u016f vodn\u00edch rostlin, z\u00a0nich 12 druh\u016f ohro\u017een\u00fdch a\u00a041 druh\u016f ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin, z\u00a0toho 8 druh\u016f ohro\u017een\u00fdch [28, 43].<\/p>\n<p>Na\u0161e b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee v\u00a0z\u00e1topov\u00fdch oblastech v\u0161ech t\u0159\u00ed hodnocen\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed byla v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivn\u011bna \u0159asov\u00e1 spole\u010denstva a\u00a0zmizela hodnotn\u00e1 spole\u010denstva vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch a\u00a0ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin, tvo\u0159en\u00e1 velk\u00fdm po\u010dtem ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f \u2013 od kriticky ohro\u017een\u00fdch a\u017e po druhy vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161enou ochranu podle \u010cerven\u00e9ho seznamu c\u00e9vnat\u00fdch rostlin \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky [53].<\/p>\n<p>Shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 \u00fadaje umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed hodnotit dopady vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edch d\u011bl na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u00a0poskytnout t\u00edm podklady pro posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch projektovan\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed u\u00a0n\u00e1s i\u00a0ve sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n<h3>Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p><em>D\u011bkuji Ing. Pavlu Sedl\u00e1\u010dkovi, Mgr. Rodanu Geri\u0161ovi a\u00a0doc. RNDr. Janu Ka\u0161tovsk\u00e9mu, Ph.D.,<\/em><em>\u00a0za poskytnut\u00ed fotografi\u00ed \u0159as a\u00a0Mgr. Kate\u0159in\u011b Sovov\u00e9, Ph.D., za \u00fapravy graf\u016f. D\u00e1le d\u011bkuji prof. RNDr. Milanu Chytr\u00e9mu, Ph.D., a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm pracovn\u00edk\u016fm \u00dastavu botaniky a\u00a0zoologie Masarykovy university v\u00a0Brn\u011b za poskytnut\u00ed star\u00e9 botanick\u00e9 literatury. \u010cl\u00e1nek vznikl za podpory projektu Programu aplikovan\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje n\u00e1rodn\u00ed a kulturn\u00ed identity (NAKI) Ministerstva kultury \u010cR (DF13P01OVV012).<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Within the project \u201cSubmerged cultural and natural heritage of South Moravia\u201d a large amount of data was collected on the composition of aquatic and marsh plant communities in the Svratka and Dyje\/Thaya Rivers before building reservoirs on these rivers. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":4087,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[998,1018,1019,1020,1021],"coauthors":[950],"class_list":["post-4146","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","tag-brno-dam","tag-communities-of-aquatic-and-marsh-plants","tag-flooded-area-of-reservoirs","tag-nove-mlyny-system-of-reservoirs","tag-vranov-nad-dyji-dam"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4146","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4146"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4146\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30421,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4146\/revisions\/30421"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4087"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4146"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4146"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4146"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=4146"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}