{"id":4115,"date":"2017-11-10T09:52:57","date_gmt":"2017-11-10T08:52:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=4115"},"modified":"2024-07-16T12:33:23","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T11:33:23","slug":"submerged-cultural-and-natural-heritage-of-south-moravia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2017\/11\/submerged-cultural-and-natural-heritage-of-south-moravia\/","title":{"rendered":"Submerged cultural and natural heritage of South Moravia"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

 <\/p>\n

Souhrn<\/h2>\n

Projekt Zatopen\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed Moravy byl \u0159e\u0161en ve\u00a0V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9m \u00fastavu vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m T. G. Masaryka, v. v. i., v\u00a0letech 2013\u20132016.<\/span>\u00a0Projekt DF13P01OVV012 byl financov\u00e1n Programem aplikovan\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a\u00a0v\u00fdvoje n\u00e1rodn\u00ed a\u00a0kulturn\u00ed identity (NAKI) Ministerstva kultury \u010cR. Nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky projektu byly odborn\u00edk\u016fm i\u00a0ve\u0159ejnosti prezentov\u00e1ny formou v\u00fdstavy a\u00a0knihy Zatopen\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed Moravy. Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 re\u0161er\u0161e, zpracovan\u00e1 data a\u00a0odborn\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry byly publikov\u00e1ny v\u00a0odborn\u00fdch v\u00fdstupech, jako jsou recenzovan\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky [1\u20136], specializovan\u00e9 mapy [7\u201310], \u010dl\u00e1nky ve sborn\u00edc\u00edch [11\u201327] a\u00a0elektronick\u00e9 dokumenty [28\u201331].<\/p>\n

\"Zadn\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm t\u00e9matem projektu je zamy\u0161len\u00ed nad t\u00edm, co v\u0161e zmizelo pod hladinami vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. Toto t\u00e9ma je zde zobrazeno z\u00a0pohledu mnoha obor\u016f charakterizuj\u00edc\u00edch kulturn\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed, jako je historie, vodn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, hydrobiologie, hydrochemie, geografie, jakost vod a\u00a0krajinn\u00e1 ekologie. Jsou zde zhodnoceny zm\u011bny stavu spole\u010dnosti, kultury, krajiny, vodn\u00edch tok\u016f, vodn\u00edch ploch a\u00a0jejich vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, biotop\u016f a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch slo\u017eek utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00edc\u00edch kulturn\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed Moravy p\u0159ed a\u00a0po zatopen\u00ed velk\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdstavb\u011b p\u0159ehradn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n

O\u00a0projektu<\/h2>\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku byl zv\u00eddav\u00fd pohled na hladiny vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0nab\u00edzej\u00edc\u00ed se ot\u00e1zky, co tu bylo d\u0159\u00edve\u2026, jak vypadala p\u016fvodn\u00ed krajina, jak se \u017eilo m\u00edstn\u00edm obyvatel\u016fm, jak\u00e9 biotopy se tu nach\u00e1zely a\u00a0jak byly o\u017eiveny, kudy tekla p\u016fvodn\u00ed \u0159eka? Hled\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u00ed na tyto a\u00a0podobn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky a\u00a0hled\u00e1n\u00ed jejich vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch souvislost\u00ed se staly z\u00e1kladem projektu Zatopen\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed Moravy, kter\u00fd byl podpo\u0159en Ministerstvem kultury \u010cR v\u00a0letech 2013\u20132016. \u0158e\u0161itel\u00e9 projektu se je vydali hledat v archivech, pam\u011btn\u00edch knih\u00e1ch, obecn\u00edch kronik\u00e1ch, odborn\u00fdch publikac\u00edch, ve vzpom\u00ednk\u00e1ch pam\u011btn\u00edk\u016f a ve fotografi\u00edch. Jako modelov\u00e9 lokality byla vybr\u00e1na t\u0159i charakterov\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e1 vodn\u00ed d\u00edla na ji\u017en\u00ed Morav\u011b \u2013 Vranovsk\u00e1 p\u0159ehrada, Brn\u011bnsk\u00e1 p\u0159ehrada a\u00a0vodn\u00ed d\u00edlo Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny (obr. 1<\/span><\/em>). Ve v\u0161ech t\u011bchto lokalit\u00e1ch do\u0161lo k\u00a0zatopen\u00ed alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b os\u00eddlen\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b funguj\u00edc\u00edch obc\u00ed B\u00edtov (obr. 2\u20134<\/span><\/em>), Kn\u00edni\u010dky (obr. 5\u20137<\/span><\/em>) a\u00a0Mu\u0161ov (obr. 8\u201310<\/span><\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"Mlejnkova-1\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Obr. 1. Lokalizace studovan\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0Jihomoravsk\u00e9m kraji
\nFig. 1. Localisation of studied reservoirs in South Moravian Region<\/h6>\n

Hlavn\u00edm \u0159e\u0161itelsk\u00fdm pracovi\u0161t\u011bm byl V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd T. G. Masaryka, v. v. i., Praha a\u00a0Brno. Partnersk\u00fdmi institucemi byly \u00dastav geoniky AV \u010cR, v. v. i., V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav Silva Taroucy pro krajinu a\u00a0okrasn\u00e9 zahradnictv\u00ed, v. v. i., Moravsk\u00fd zemsk\u00fd archiv v\u00a0Brn\u011b a\u00a0Povod\u00ed Moravy, s. p. \u0158e\u0161itelsk\u00fd t\u00fdm byl tvo\u0159en po\u010detnou skupinou odborn\u00edk\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch profes\u00ed, a\u00a0to v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi historiky \u2013 prof. PhDr. Josef Unger, CSc. (\u00dastav antropologie P\u0159F MU), doc. PhDr. Bohum\u00edr Smutn\u00fd, Dr. (Moravsk\u00fd zemsk\u00fd archiv v\u00a0Brn\u011b), PhDr. Emil Kordiovsk\u00fd (St\u00e1tn\u00ed okresn\u00ed archiv B\u0159eclav se s\u00eddlem v\u00a0Mikulov\u011b, d\u0159\u00edve); biology \u2013 RNDr. Zde\u0148ka \u017d\u00e1kov\u00e1, CSc. (Biotes, Brno), doc. RNDr. Sv\u011btlana Zahr\u00e1dkov\u00e1, Ph.D., RNDr. Denisa N\u011bmejcov\u00e1, Mgr. Marek Pol\u00e1\u0161ek, Ing. Pavel Sedl\u00e1\u010dek, RNDr. Hana Mlejnkov\u00e1, Ph.D. (V\u00daV TGM, v. v. i.); vodohospod\u00e1\u0159i \u2013 Ing. Arno\u0161t Kult, Ing. Luk\u00e1\u0161 Smel\u00edk, Ph.D., Ing. Jana Uhrov\u00e1, Ph.D. (V\u00daV TGM, v. v. i.), Ing. David Vesel\u00fd (Povod\u00ed Moravy, s. p.); odborn\u00edky na jakost vody a\u00a0GIS \u2013 RNDr. Eva Ko\u010dkov\u00e1 (V\u00daV TGM, v. v. i., d\u0159\u00edve), RNDr. Michal Pavoni\u010d (\u00dastav botaniky a\u00a0zoologie P\u0159F MU), Mgr. Jana O\u0161lej\u0161kov\u00e1, Ing. Miriam Dzur\u00e1kov\u00e1 (V\u00daV TGM, v. v. i.) a\u00a0krajinn\u00fdmi ekology \u2013 Ing. Jan Lacina, CSc. (\u00dastav geoniky AV \u010cR, v. v. i.), Mgr. Petr Halas, Ph.D. (\u00dastav geoniky AV \u010cR, v. v. i.) a\u00a0Mgr. Marek Havl\u00ed\u010dek, Ph.D. (V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav Silva Taroucy pro krajinu a\u00a0okrasn\u00e9 zahradnictv\u00ed, v. v. i.).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"Mlejnkova-2\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Obr. 2. Star\u00fd B\u00edtov \u2013 leteck\u00fd pohled (archiv diapozitiv\u016f obce B\u00edtov)
\nFig. 2. Old B\u00edtov \u2013 aerial view<\/h6>\n

P\u0159i p\u0159id\u011blen\u00ed financ\u00ed na projekt v\u00a0prosinci roku 2012 nikoho ani vzd\u00e1len\u011b nenapadlo, co v\u0161echno m\u016f\u017ee jeho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e9st. Krom\u011b p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce se skv\u011bl\u00fdm t\u00fdmem odborn\u00edk\u016f, nad\u0161en\u00fdm p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch t\u00e9mat, nach\u00e1zen\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fdch historick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f a\u00a0\u010dasto nenad\u00e1l\u00fdch souvislost\u00ed, to byla pro mnoh\u00e9 z\u00a0\u0159e\u0161itel\u016f v\u00fdzva k\u00a0vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f jinou formou, velmi odli\u0161nou od standardn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce. T\u00edm m\u00e1m na mysli zejm\u00e9na mo\u017enost uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdstavy a\u00a0zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9matu do popul\u00e1rn\u011b-v\u011bdeck\u00e9 knihy.<\/p>\n

Vlastn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce spo\u010d\u00edvala v\u00a0trp\u011bliv\u00e9m p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed, nach\u00e1zen\u00ed a\u00a0shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 \u0159ady r\u016fznorod\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly detailn\u011b prostudov\u00e1ny a\u00a0odborn\u011b vyhodnoceny. Nalezen\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly byly, v\u010detn\u011b \u00fadaj\u016f o\u00a0jejich aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed, zaznamen\u00e1ny do spole\u010dn\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze projektu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznikl jedine\u010dn\u00fd a\u00a0velmi rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd soubor z\u00e1znam\u016f (v\u00edce ne\u017e 800), kter\u00fd umo\u017en\u00ed budouc\u00edm generac\u00edm snadnou orientaci v\u00a0t\u00e9matu. Datab\u00e1ze je trvale dostupn\u00e1 na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch projektu (http:\/\/heis.vuv.cz\/projekty\/zatopene-dedictvi) a\u00a0ulo\u017eena v\u00a0Hydroekologick\u00e9m informa\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu V\u00daV TGM, v. v. i.\u00a0(http:\/\/www.heis.vuv.cz\/). Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 re\u0161er\u0161e, podrobn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch t\u00e9mat a\u00a0jejich v\u00fdsledky v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch letech \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu byly zpracov\u00e1ny do periodick\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u00edch zpr\u00e1v a\u00a0do z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 jsou rovn\u011b\u017e k\u00a0dispozici na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch projektu. Zpracovan\u00e1 data a\u00a0odborn\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry byly publikov\u00e1ny v\u00a0mnoha typech v\u00fdstup\u016f. Celkem bylo vytvo\u0159eno 6 recenzovan\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f, 4 specializovan\u00e9 mapy s\u00a0odborn\u00fdm obsahem, 17 \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f ve sborn\u00edc\u00edch, 4 v\u00fdstupy typu A\u00a0(audiovizu\u00e1ln\u00ed tvorba, elektronick\u00e9 dokumenty). V\u00fdb\u011br nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a\u00a0poutav\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f projektu byl odborn\u00edk\u016fm i\u00a0ve\u0159ejnosti prezentov\u00e1n formou v\u00fdstavy a\u00a0knihy Zatopen\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed Moravy.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"Mlejnkova-3\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Obr. 3. Zat\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed star\u00e9ho B\u00edtova s\u00a0kostelem sv. V\u00e1clava, 1934 (MZA v Brn\u011b)
\nFig. 3. Flooding of old B\u00edtov with St. Wenceslas Church, 1934<\/h6>\n

\u00a0\"Mlejnkova-4\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Obr. 4. Leteck\u00fd pohled na Vranovskou p\u0159ehradu pod hradem B\u00edtov, kde se rozkl\u00e1dala p\u016fvodn\u00ed obec B\u00edtov (J. Zv\u011b\u0159ina, 2015)
\nFig. 4. Aerial view on the Vranov Dam, where was the former village B\u00edtov<\/h6>\n

Uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdstavy, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla spojit mnoho na prvn\u00ed pohled neslu\u010diteln\u00e9ho, a\u00a0nav\u00edc formou, kter\u00e1 by zaujala \u0161irok\u00fd okruh n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f, se zd\u00e1lo b\u00fdt t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nere\u00e1ln\u00e9. D\u00edky \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 fantazii a\u00a0schopnostem Mgr. Barbory Tesa\u0159ov\u00e9, DiS., p\u00edli a\u00a0nad\u0161en\u00ed v\u0161ech \u0159e\u0161itel\u016f a\u00a0technick\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 pobo\u010dky V\u00daV TGM, v. v. i., se to povedlo nad o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dob\u0159e! Reakce n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0z\u00e1pisy v\u00a0n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00ed knize sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o\u00a0tom, \u017ee tato pr\u00e1ce m\u011bla smysl\u2026 dojala nejen ob\u010dany ze zaplaven\u00fdch obc\u00ed a\u00a0jejich potomky, kte\u0159\u00ed byli velmi vd\u011b\u010dn\u00ed za obnoven\u00ed vzpom\u00ednek na m\u00edsta, kam u\u017e se dnes nemohou pod\u00edvat, ale zaujala i\u00a0mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00fdm nab\u00eddnut\u00e9 t\u00e9ma uk\u00e1zalo dosud nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 pohledy na vodn\u00ed sv\u011bt kolem n\u00e1s (obr. 11<\/span><\/span><\/em>).<\/p>\n

\"Mlejnkova-5\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Obr. 5. Star\u00e9 Kn\u00edni\u010dky na za\u010d\u00e1tku 30. let 20. stolet\u00ed (archiv M\u010c Brno-Kn\u00edni\u010dky\/Z. \u010ci\u017em\u00e1\u0159)
\nFig. 5. Old Kn\u00edni\u010dky on the begin of 30th<\/span>\u00a0years of 20th<\/span>\u00a0century<\/h6>\n

V\u00fdstava se konala od kv\u011btna do \u010dervna 2016 v\u00a0Moravsk\u00e9m zemsk\u00e9m archivu v\u00a0Brn\u011b. \u010c\u00e1st v\u00fdstavy byla n\u00e1sledn\u011b vystavena v\u00a0budov\u011b Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed v\u00a0Praze, v\u00fdstavn\u00ed panely jsou trvale um\u00edst\u011bny ve V\u00daV TGM, v. v. i., v\u00a0Praze. Pr\u016fvodcem v\u00fdstavou byl \u010dernob\u00edl\u00fd ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd a\u00a0rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd barevn\u00fd elektronick\u00fd katalog v\u00fdstavy, kter\u00fd je ulo\u017een na webu projektu.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0lednu 2017 byla vyd\u00e1na popul\u00e1rn\u011b-v\u011bdeck\u00e1 publikace s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem Zatopen\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed Moravy (obr. 12<\/span><\/em>). Kniha nen\u00ed ur\u010dena k\u00a0prodeji, je distribuov\u00e1na do st\u00e1tn\u00edch a\u00a0region\u00e1ln\u00edch, ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch a\u00a0institucion\u00e1ln\u00edch knihoven, odborn\u00edk\u016fm a\u00a0ve\u0159ejnosti, zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0oblastech z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch lokalit projektu. Kniha byla p\u0159ed\u00e1na pam\u011btn\u00edk\u016fm ze zatopen\u00fdch obc\u00ed, obecn\u00edm \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm v\u00a0z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch oblastech, region\u00e1ln\u00edm muze\u00edm a\u00a0archiv\u016fm, odborn\u00fdm pracovn\u00edk\u016fm ve st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1v\u011b, v\u010d. ministerstev, a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1jemc\u016fm. Kniha v\u00a0pdf form\u00e1tu je trvale ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e1 na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch projektu: http:\/\/heis.vuv.cz\/projekty\/zatopene-dedictvi.<\/p>\n

Nepl\u00e1novan\u00fdm zavr\u0161en\u00edm na\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce byla nab\u00eddka Moravsk\u00e9ho zemsk\u00e9ho archivu v\u00a0Brn\u011b na zalo\u017een\u00ed samostatn\u00e9ho archivn\u00edho fondu s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem Zatopen\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed Moravy, kde budou nav\u017edy \u2013 systematicky, dohledateln\u011b, spole\u010dn\u011b \u2013 ulo\u017eeny materi\u00e1ly shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu projektu.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"Mlejnkova-6\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Obr. 6. Ulice ve star\u00fdch Kn\u00edni\u010dk\u00e1ch (Archiv m\u011bsta Brna, A\u00a034)
\nFig. 6. Streets in old Kn\u00edni\u010dky<\/h6>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm typem v\u00fdstup\u016f projektu jsou eduka\u010dn\u00ed programy Proch\u00e1zka star\u00fdm B\u00edtovem a\u00a0Jak se \u017eilo v\u00a0B\u00edtov\u011b a\u00a0Kn\u00edni\u010dk\u00e1ch, ne\u017e zmizely pod hladinami p\u0159ehradn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed? (obr. 13<\/span><\/span><\/em>), kter\u00e9 byly vytvo\u0159eny za \u00fa\u010delem informovat o\u00a0historii zatopen\u00fdch obc\u00ed a\u00a0\u017eivot\u011b v\u00a0nich, ur\u010den\u00e9 prioritn\u011b pro \u017e\u00e1ky z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol, ale d\u00edky poutav\u00fdm a\u00a0jedine\u010dn\u00fdm informac\u00edm mohou zaujmout v\u0161echny generace. Oba eduka\u010dn\u00ed programy jsou k\u00a0dispozici na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch projektu.<\/p>\n

\"Mlejnkova-7\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Obr. 7. Stavba hr\u00e1ze Kn\u00edni\u010dsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady, v\u00a0pozad\u00ed zatopen\u00e1 obec Kn\u00edni\u010dky, 1939
\n(archiv M\u010c Brno-Kn\u00edni\u010dky\/Z. \u010ci\u017em\u00e1\u0159)
\nFig. 7. Construction of the Kn\u00edni\u010dky Dam, in the background flooded village Kn\u00edni\u010dky, 1939<\/h6>\n

O\u00a0knize<\/h2>\n

Zm\u011bny v\u00a0krajin\u011b, zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 stavbami vodn\u00edch d\u011bl, maj\u00ed zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv na jej\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed charakter a\u00a0v\u00fdvoj. Zatopen\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed kompletn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed charakter krajiny, zp\u016fsob \u017eivota a\u00a0je \u010dasto p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou nen\u00e1vratn\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty kulturn\u00edho a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Nov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, kter\u00e9 se po napu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0krajin\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, v\u0161ak nab\u00edz\u00ed nov\u00e9, jin\u00e9 mo\u017enosti jej\u00edho vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed. Negativn\u00ed pocity nen\u00e1vratn\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t se p\u0159i navyk\u00e1n\u00ed na novou nezn\u00e1mou tv\u00e1\u0159 krajiny pomalu m\u011bn\u00ed ve zv\u011bdav\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0s\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed se s\u00a0tak velkou zm\u011bnou. Vodn\u00ed \u017eivel zauj\u00edm\u00e1 sv\u00e9 nov\u00e9 m\u00edsto, m\u011bn\u00ed se vegetace a\u00a0fauna, vznikaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 biotopy, lid\u00e9 se u\u010d\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvat nov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky a\u00a0vn\u00edmat obm\u011bn\u011bnou krajinu. Smutek ze ztr\u00e1t zm\u00edr\u0148uje \u010das, na nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 se zapom\u00edn\u00e1, o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se nov\u00e9, jin\u00e9\u2026 \u017eivot jde d\u00e1l. Takov\u00e9 pocity\u00a0p\u0159evl\u00e1daly v\u00a0mysl\u00edch pam\u011btn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed stavbou n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li o\u00a0sv\u00e9 domovy, takov\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1v\u011bry biolog\u016f a\u00a0krajinn\u00fdch ekolog\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed porovn\u00e1vali krajinu a\u00a0jej\u00ed os\u00eddlen\u00ed p\u0159ed a\u00a0po zaplaven\u00ed, tak to vid\u00ed v\u00a0d\u011bjinn\u00e9m kontextu historikov\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"Mlejnkova-8\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Obr. 8. N\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed s\u00a0kostelem sv. Leonarda v\u00a0Mu\u0161ov\u011b (Z. Zem\u00e1nkov\u00e1)
\nFig. 8. The square with St. Leonard Church in Mu\u0161ov<\/h6>\n

\u00a0\"Mlejnkova-9\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Obr. 9. Z\u00e1plavy v\u00a0Mu\u0161ov\u011b (www.pametnaroda.cz)
\nFig. 9. Floods in Mu\u0161ov<\/h6>\n

P\u0159i tvorb\u011b knihy se se\u0161li auto\u0159i ze \u0161irok\u00e9ho spektra obor\u016f, jako je historie, vodn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, hydrobiologie, hydrochemie, geografie, jakost vody a\u00a0krajinn\u00e1 ekologie, a\u00a0pokusili se o\u00a0objektivn\u00ed posouzen\u00ed ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed historick\u00e9, soci\u00e1ln\u011b-kulturn\u00ed a\u00a0ekologick\u00e9 kontinuity \u00fazem\u00ed, zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00fdch vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi \u00fapravami a\u00a0o\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed stavu spole\u010dnosti, kultury, krajiny, vodn\u00edch tok\u016f, vodn\u00edch ploch a\u00a0jejich vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, biotop\u016f a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch slo\u017eek utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00edc\u00edch kulturn\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed Moravy, p\u0159ed a\u00a0po zatopen\u00ed velk\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdstavb\u011b vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. Kniha se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 sou\u010dasnost\u00ed Vranovsk\u00e9 a\u00a0Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady a\u00a0vodn\u00edho d\u00edla Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny a minulost\u00ed obc\u00ed Mu\u0161ov, B\u00edtov a\u00a0Kn\u00ed\u010dky.<\/p>\n

C\u00edlem knihy nebylo hodnotit spr\u00e1vnost rozhodnut\u00ed o\u00a0v\u00fdstavb\u011b p\u0159ehradn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, ale zcela bez emoc\u00ed zhodnotit zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 stavby n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed doprov\u00e1zely, a\u00a0zavzpom\u00ednat na minulost dnes zatopen\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Mlejnkova-10\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Obr. 10. Stavba hr\u00e1ze doln\u00ed novoml\u00fdnsk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee, 1987 (Povod\u00ed Moravy, s. p.)
\nFig. 10. Construction of the lower dam of Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny, 1987<\/h6>\n

Po kapitol\u00e1ch, uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e do t\u00e9matu zatopen\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed, se kniha postupn\u011b v\u011bnuje v\u0161em t\u0159em n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edm v\u00a0chronologick\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed jejich vzniku, tj. od nejstar\u0161\u00ed Vranovsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady, dostav\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00a0roce 1934, p\u0159es Brn\u011bnskou p\u0159ehradu, dokon\u010denou v\u00a0roce 1940, po vodn\u00ed d\u00edlo Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny, napou\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 postupn\u011b v\u00a0letech 1978 a\u017e 1989. Po p\u0159edstaven\u00ed vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch charakteristik, d\u016fvod\u016f a\u00a0\u00fa\u010del\u016f vzniku jednotliv\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed je obsah knihy podrobn\u011b v\u011bnov\u00e1n historick\u00e9mu a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodopisn\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji zaplaven\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b obecn\u00e9ho zamy\u0161len\u00ed nad histori\u00ed vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch \u00faprav vodn\u00edch tok\u016f. Historick\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st n\u00e1s zavede a\u017e do prav\u011bku a\u00a0ran\u00e9ho novov\u011bku a\u00a0zmapuje n\u00e1lezy archeologick\u00fdch nalezi\u0161\u0165 na dnes zatopen\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch. Historie zatopen\u00fdch obc\u00ed Mu\u0161ov, B\u00edtov a\u00a0Kn\u00edni\u010dky je pops\u00e1na od poloviny 15. stolet\u00ed do novov\u011bku, kdy do\u0161lo k\u00a0jejich z\u00e1niku. Zat\u00edmco obce Kn\u00edni\u010dky a\u00a0B\u00edtov byly znovu vystav\u011bny nedaleko od p\u016fvodn\u00edch, obec Mu\u0161ov zcela zanikla a\u00a0jej\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 byli p\u0159esunuti do nedalek\u00fdch vesnic, zejm\u00e9na do Pasohl\u00e1vek. Z\u00a0b\u00fdval\u00e9 obce zbyl jen kostel Sv.\u00a0Leonarda na ostr\u016fvku ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Novoml\u00fdnsk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ei. Historick\u00e9 kapitoly jsou dopln\u011bny rozpracov\u00e1n\u00edm zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 hypot\u00e9zy o\u00a0lokalizaci p\u0159\u00edstavu \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch lod\u00ed v\u00a0obdob\u00ed vl\u00e1dy Marca Aurelia pobl\u00ed\u017e obce Mu\u0161ov. V dal\u0161\u00edm \u010d\u00edsle \u010dasopisu VTEI bude publikov\u00e1n velmi poutav\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek Ing. A. Kulta P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e1 plavba \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch lod\u00ed z Carnunta do Mu\u0161ova \u2013 I.<\/p>\n

\"Mlejnkova-11\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Obr. 11. V\u00fdstava Zatopen\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed Moravy v\u00a0Moravsk\u00e9m zemsk\u00e9m archivu v\u00a0Brn\u011b (B. Tesa\u0159ov\u00e1, 2016)
\nFig. 11. Exhibition Submerged cultural and natural heritage of South Moravia in the Moravian Regional Archives in Brno<\/h6>\n

T\u00e9ma, v\u011bnovan\u00e9 dopad\u016fm zaplaven\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edrodu a\u00a0krajinu, bylo autory zpracov\u00e1no s\u00a0velk\u00fdm zaujet\u00edm a\u00a0do velk\u00fdch detail\u016f, kter\u00e9 nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00a0knize v\u00a0cel\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159i publikovat. Studovan\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed a\u00a0vodn\u00ed toky m\u011bly p\u0159ed zaplaven\u00edm zcela jin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed r\u00e1z, do\u0161lo k\u00a0z\u00e1niku mnoha p\u016fvodn\u00edch vodn\u00edch biotop\u016f, zm\u011bnilo se zastoupen\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f a\u00a0rostlin. Na p\u0159\u00edkladu vodn\u00edch bezobratl\u00fdch jsou uk\u00e1z\u00e1ny reakce na zatopen\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed s\u00a0p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k\u00a0jejich schopnosti p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se nov\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy byly v\u00fdstavbou n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed zcela odsunuty, n\u011bkter\u00e9 byly vytla\u010deny do zbytk\u016f p\u0159irozen\u00fdch habitat\u016f v\u00a0bl\u00edzk\u00e9m okol\u00ed, na jin\u00e9 nem\u011blo zatopen\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv a\u00a0na\u0161ly se i\u00a0druhy, kter\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed os\u00eddlily a\u017e po v\u00fdstavb\u011b n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. Velmi obdobn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem reagovala i\u00a0spole\u010denstva vodn\u00edch a\u00a0ba\u017einn\u00fdch rostlin. K\u00a0jedine\u010dn\u00fdm pat\u0159\u00ed kapitola v\u011bnovan\u00e1 ter\u00e9nn\u00edm biologick\u00fdm stanic\u00edm, kter\u00e9 byly v\u00a0minulosti um\u00edst\u011bny pobl\u00ed\u017e dne\u0161n\u00ed Vranovsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady a\u00a0vodn\u00edho d\u00edla Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny. V\u00a0kapitole jsou pe\u010dliv\u011b citov\u00e1ny v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce v\u011bnovan\u00e9 v\u00fdzkum\u016fm v\u00a0oblastech dnes zatopen\u00fdch vodn\u00edmi n\u00e1dr\u017eemi. Pozornost je v\u011bnov\u00e1na tak\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u00e1m jakosti vody v\u00a0toc\u00edch v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0v\u00fdstavbou n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00fdvoji zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0d\u016fsledku zm\u011bn vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edch tok\u016f. Velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed problematiky z\u00a0pohledu krajinn\u00fdch ekolog\u016f, kter\u00e9 je zam\u011b\u0159eno na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed \u00fakazy v\u00a0okol\u00ed Brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady a\u00a0vegetaci aluvi\u00e1ln\u00edch luk ji\u017en\u00ed Moravy. N\u00e1padit\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem je p\u0159edstaveno \u00fadol\u00ed Dyje v\u00a0oblasti dne\u0161n\u00ed Vranovsk\u00e9 p\u0159ehrady, kde auto\u0159i porovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed sou\u010dasnou krajinu s\u00a0d\u00edly mal\u00ed\u0159\u016f krajin\u00e1\u0159\u016f 19. a\u00a020. stolet\u00ed. Jedine\u010dn\u00e1 krajina vodn\u00edho d\u00edla Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny je tak\u00e9 \u010dasto vzpom\u00edn\u00e1na v\u00a0literatu\u0159e, v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed, fotografi\u00edch a\u00a0ve filmech. Zatopen\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed se v\u00fdznamn\u011b a\u00a0viditeln\u011b zm\u011bnil r\u00e1z krajiny a\u00a0jej\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e bylo podrobn\u011b zpracov\u00e1no s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm dostupn\u00fdch historick\u00fdch map. Prostor je v\u011bnov\u00e1n i\u00a0problematice povod\u0148ov\u00e9ho ohro\u017een\u00ed, kter\u00e9 hr\u00e1lo v\u00fdznamnou roli nejen p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o\u00a0v\u00fdstavb\u011b n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, ale dlouhodob\u011b ovliv\u0148ovalo \u017eivot obyvatel pravideln\u011b zaplavovan\u00fdch obc\u00ed B\u00edtov, Kn\u00edni\u010dky a\u00a0Mu\u0161ov.<\/p>\n

\"Mlejnkova-12\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Obr. 12. Kniha Zatopen\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed Moravy (M. \u017d\u00e1k, 2016)
\nFig. 12. Book Submerged cultural and natural heritage of South Moravia<\/h6>\n

\"Mlejnkova-13-A\"<\/a>\u00a0\"Mlejnkova-13-B\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Obr. 13. Eduka\u010dn\u00ed programy
\nFig. 13. Education programs<\/h6>\n

Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Za umo\u017en\u011bn\u00ed realizace velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho projektu Zatopen\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed Moravy v\u00a0letech 2013\u20132016 a\u00a0mo\u017enost vytvo\u0159en\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch v\u00fdstup\u016f \u0159e\u0161itel\u00e9 d\u011bkuj\u00ed Programu aplikovan\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a\u00a0v\u00fdvoje n\u00e1rodn\u00ed a\u00a0kulturn\u00ed identity (NAKI) Ministerstva kultury \u010cR (DF13P01OVV012).<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The project \u201cSubmerged cultural and natural heritage of South Moravia\u201c was solved in the T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute, p. r. i., in 2013\u20132016. Project DF13P01OVV012 was founded by the Programme of applied research and development of national and cultural identity (NAKI) supported by Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":3978,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[998,1356,1000,999,997,384],"coauthors":[494],"class_list":["post-4115","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","tag-brno-dam","tag-musov-2","tag-submerged-villages","tag-system-of-reservoirs-nove-mlyn","tag-vranov-dam","tag-water-reservoirs"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4115","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4115"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4115\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30428,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4115\/revisions\/30428"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3978"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4115"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4115"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4115"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=4115"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}