{"id":3892,"date":"2017-10-10T08:22:01","date_gmt":"2017-10-10T08:22:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=3892"},"modified":"2024-07-16T12:26:59","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T11:26:59","slug":"nutrients-in-the-mostiste-river-basin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2017\/10\/nutrients-in-the-mostiste-river-basin\/","title":{"rendered":"Nutrients in the Mosti\u0161t\u011b River Basin"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

 <\/p>\n

Souhrn<\/h2>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek prezentuje v\u00fdsledky projektu zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho na zlep\u0161en\u00ed situace v\u00a0povod\u00ed vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee Mosti\u0161t\u011b, kde nen\u00ed dosahov\u00e1n dobr\u00fd stav vod z\u00a0d\u016fvodu vysok\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee vod nutrienty. V\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti na z\u00edskan\u00e9 poznatky je doporu\u010deno v\u00a0r\u00e1mci pl\u00e1n\u016f d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch povod\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011bt podrobn\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy v\u00a0povod\u00edch, kde nen\u00ed doposud dobr\u00e9ho stavu vod dosa\u017eeno. Za podstatn\u00e9 pova\u017euje dal\u0161\u00ed dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0zp\u0159es\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00fdch poznatk\u016f u\u00a0obdobn\u00fdch projekt\u016f tak, aby situace mohla b\u00fdt postupn\u011b porovn\u00e1v\u00e1na v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<\/p>\n\"ilustracni-1_edit\"<\/a>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

N\u00e1pravn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed ke zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed stavu vod se realizuj\u00ed postupn\u011b jak u\u00a0bodov\u00fdch, tak i\u00a0plo\u0161n\u00fdch zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, a\u00a0to s\u00a0vysokou finan\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed pro spole\u010dnost. V\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech v\u0161ak jasn\u00e9 a\u00a0pr\u016fkazn\u00e9 posouzen\u00ed dostate\u010dnosti \u010di nedostate\u010dnosti opat\u0159en\u00ed pro dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch povod\u00edch (c\u00edlem se rozum\u00ed dosa\u017een\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho stavu vod [1, 2]) chyb\u00ed. Prakticky se postupuje tak, \u017ee za dobu jednoho pl\u00e1novac\u00edho cyklu (obdob\u00ed) pl\u00e1n\u016f d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch povod\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed podle v\u00fdsledk\u016f monitoringu k\u00a0vyhodnocen\u00ed stavu vod. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nedosa\u017een\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho stavu vod jsou navrhov\u00e1na opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla stav zlep\u0161it. Nikdo podrobn\u011b neposuzuje, zda je soubor v\u0161ech opat\u0159en\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00fd a\u00a0jak\u00fd efekt ve vodn\u00edm toku p\u0159inese. Redukce z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee vod prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00ed u\u00a0bodov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 numericky podlo\u017eena, u\u00a0plo\u0161n\u00fdch zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ak tyto informace obvykle chyb\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee tak doj\u00edt k\u00a0pochybnostem, zda jsou v\u0161echna pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 a\u00a0vynakl\u00e1dan\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky vhodn\u011b vyu\u017eity. V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se tak bez dal\u0161\u00edch podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch znalost\u00ed a\u00a0pr\u016fzkum\u016f o\u00a0pohybu nutrient\u016f v\u00a0povod\u00ed nebo vodn\u00edch \u00fatvarech neobejdeme [3\u20136].<\/p>\n\"Juran-1\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 1. Rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed plo\u0161n\u00fdch dren\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0povod\u00ed vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee Mosti\u0161t\u011b
\nFig. 1. Layout of planar drainages in the basin of the Mosti\u0161t\u011b water reservoir<\/h6>\n

Obhajiteln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho stavu vod<\/h2>\n

Stanoven\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee vod nutrienty ze v\u0161ech zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0povod\u00ed a\u00a0vyhodnocen\u00ed stavu se prov\u00e1d\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji pomoc\u00ed model\u016f [7]. Modely umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed \u0159adu zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed, nejsou-li pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 data. V\u00a0modelech lze snadno dohledat pou\u017eit\u00e1 data nebo v\u00fdsledky z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0obdobn\u00fdch povod\u00edch porovn\u00e1vat. Mezi \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 modely lze za\u0159adit: Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), Modelling Nutrient Emissions in River Systems (MONERIS), OECD Modified Methodology, QUAL2K apod.<\/p>\n

Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdzy v\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch povod\u00edch maj\u00ed za \u00fakol kvantifikovat mno\u017estv\u00ed nutrient\u016f, je\u017e se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do vodn\u00edch tok\u016f dan\u00e9ho povod\u00ed, analyzovat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 zdroje tohoto zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b plo\u0161n\u00fdch zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0povod\u00ed a\u00a0navrhnout oblasti, kde je mo\u017eno tyto zdroje optim\u00e1ln\u011b redukovat. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b l\u00e1tkov\u00e9ho odtoku nutrient\u016f v\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011brn\u00e9m profilu povod\u00ed vodn\u00edho toku a\u00a0odbour\u00e1van\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0dan\u00e9m povod\u00ed lze odvodit konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed po\u017eadavky na redukci v\u00fdsledn\u00fdch emis\u00ed nutrient\u016f. Uveden\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy jsou pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9, proto\u017ee obvykle nem\u00e1me k\u00a0dispozici v\u0161echna pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 data, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1sledn\u011b dopl\u0148ujeme dal\u0161\u00edmi m\u011b\u0159en\u00edmi. Vhodn\u00e9 je v\u0161ak kvantifikovat obdobn\u00e9 zdroje emis\u00ed nutrient\u016f (cesty), kter\u00e9 by se daly, spolu s\u00a0informacemi o\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00a0jin\u00fdch povod\u00edch, v\u00a0budoucnu porovn\u00e1vat. V\u00a0na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jsme kvantifikovali z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e vod nutrienty z\u00a0obdobn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, jako se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed Pl\u00e1nu oblasti povod\u00ed Dunaje [4].<\/p>\n

Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd stav v\u00a0povod\u00ed vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee Mosti\u0161t\u011b a\u00a0v\u00fdsledky projektu<\/h2>\n

Za \u00fa\u010delem zlep\u0161en\u00ed situace v\u00a0povod\u00ed uveden\u00e9 vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee, kde nen\u00ed dosahov\u00e1n dobr\u00fd stav vod z\u00a0d\u016fvodu vysok\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee vod nutrienty, byl V\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm \u00fastavem vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm T. G. Masaryka, v. v. i., \u0159e\u0161en v\u00a0letech 2014\u20132015 projekt, kter\u00fd specifikoval jednotliv\u00e9 zdroje z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee vod v\u00a0povod\u00ed uveden\u00e9 vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Projekt nevyu\u017e\u00edval konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed model. P\u0159\u00ednos projektu spo\u010d\u00edval p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve specifikaci velikosti plo\u0161n\u00fdch zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0odbour\u00e1van\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdsledk\u016f se d\u00e1 posoudit, zda bude v\u00fdhledov\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9 dosa\u017een\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho stavu vod, jak je navrhov\u00e1no v\u00a0pl\u00e1nech d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch povod\u00ed, nebo na jak\u00e1 n\u00e1pravn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed se d\u00e1le zam\u011b\u0159it. Projekt s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem Technick\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje k\u00a0identifikaci zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed byl podporovan\u00fd Technologickou agenturou\u00a0\u010cR pod \u010d. TD020266. V\u00fdsledkem projektu byly mapy prezentuj\u00edc\u00ed stav z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee vod z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Tyto n\u00e1stroje (mapy) slou\u017e\u00ed Krajsk\u00e9mu \u00fa\u0159adu Kraje Vyso\u010dina a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm a\u00a0spr\u00e1vn\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016fm k\u00a0usm\u011br\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1pravn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\"Juran-2\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 2. Emisn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e ze zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0povod\u00ed vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee Mosti\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0ukazateli Pcelk
\n<\/sub>Fig. 2. Emission load from pollution sources in the catchment area of the Mosti\u0161t\u011b water reservoir in the Pcelk<\/sub>\u00a0indicator<\/h6>\n

Vstupn\u00edmi podklady p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed projektu byly mapy vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed, ze kter\u00fdch vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00a0povod\u00ed velikosti p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 220\u2008km2<\/sup>\u00a0\u017eije 9\u00a0100 obyvatel, co\u017e je necel\u00e1 1\/3 pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 hodnoty ud\u00e1van\u00e9 pro \u010cR. V\u00a0uveden\u00e9m povod\u00ed je m\u00edrn\u011b nadpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 lesnatost (36,5\u00a0%) a\u00a0vodn\u00ed plochy (3,5\u00a0%) a\u00a0naopak velmi vysok\u00e9 procento orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy (42,6\u00a0%) a\u00a0odvod\u0148ovan\u00fdch ploch plo\u0161nou dren\u00e1\u017e\u00ed (18,5\u00a0%), viz\u00a0obr. 1<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed bilancovan\u00e9ho na emise z\u00a0atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 depozice, bodov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, zastav\u011bn\u00fdch nepropustn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed [8], dren\u00e1\u017en\u00edho odvodn\u011bn\u00ed [8], eroze ze zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy (vodn\u00ed eroze), povrchov\u00e9ho odtoku z\u00a0ostatn\u00edch ploch (zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch, lesn\u00edch a\u00a0ostatn\u00edch) a\u00a0z\u00a0podzemn\u00edch vod je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee podrobn\u00e9 podklady o\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed jsou u\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9ho povod\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. P\u0159esto\u017ee konfigurace zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e1, v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00e9ho zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vod a\u00a0retence v\u00a0uveden\u00e9m povod\u00ed, a\u00a0pod\u00edl\u00ed se v\u00edce ne\u017e 80\u00a0% na odbour\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho fosforu, dobr\u00e9ho stavu vod na p\u0159\u00edtoku do vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee nen\u00ed dosahov\u00e1no.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0povod\u00ed se vyskytuje 25 obc\u00ed a\u00a0jejich m\u00edstn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, kde \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod je a\u017e na v\u00fdjimky co do \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed na n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u00farovni. Celkov\u011b je v\u0161ak z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e od obyvatelstva p\u0159i uveden\u00e9 mal\u00e9 os\u00eddlenosti n\u00edzk\u00e1 a\u00a0\u010din\u00ed u\u00a0celkov\u00e9ho fosforu pouze 18\u00a0% z\u00a0celkov\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee vod. Z\u00a0projektu d\u00e1le vyplynulo, \u017ee i\u00a0kdyby byly \u010di\u0161t\u011bny v\u0161echny odpadn\u00ed vody v\u00a0uveden\u00e9m povod\u00ed na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enou m\u00edru, dobr\u00fd stav vod nebude v\u00a0d\u016fsledku vysok\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed tohoto ukazatele dosa\u017een. Je proto nutn\u00e9 pl\u00e1novat n\u00e1pravn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0povod\u00ed, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na redukci zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z\u00a0ostatn\u00edch v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch plo\u0161n\u00fdch zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00fdch v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00fdse\u010dov\u00e9m grafu, podle v\u00fdsledk\u016f emisn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee (obr. 2<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Za p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu vysok\u00e9 koncentrace \u017eivin ve vod\u00e1ch se jev\u00ed vysok\u00e9 procento orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy v\u00a0povod\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159ehnojov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch pozemk\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad na odvod\u0148ovan\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch katastr\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fazem\u00ed Kn\u011b\u017eeves byly nam\u011b\u0159eny a\u017e o\u00a0\u0159\u00e1d vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrace dus\u00edkat\u00fdch l\u00e1tek ve vod\u00e1ch ne\u017e na odvod\u0148ovan\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch katastr\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fazem\u00ed Zadn\u00ed Zho\u0159. Omezen\u00ed vodn\u00ed eroze je pak z\u00e1sadn\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm z\u00a0pohledu p\u0159\u00edsunu celkov\u00e9ho fosforu do vodn\u00edch tok\u016f. Mimo omezen\u00ed eroze a\u00a0hnojen\u00ed jsou \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed [9], jako je p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed funk\u010dnosti plo\u0161n\u00e9ho dren\u00e1\u017en\u00edho odvodn\u011bn\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0ploch\u00e1ch travn\u00edho porostu, kter\u00fdch je v\u00a0povod\u00ed a\u017e \u00bc z\u00a0celkov\u00e9 dren\u00e1\u017eemi odvod\u0148ovan\u00e9 plochy povod\u00ed. Dren\u00e1\u017en\u00edm odvodn\u011bn\u00edm, zp\u016fsobem a\u00a0m\u00edrou hnojen\u00ed spolu s\u00a0erozn\u00edm smyvem je proto nutn\u00e9 se d\u00e1le zab\u00fdvat. Obdobn\u011b tomu bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i\u00a0v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch oblastech, kde navr\u017een\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0pl\u00e1nech d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch povod\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt nedostate\u010dn\u00e1. V\u00a0povod\u00ed Mosti\u0161t\u011b je pak v\u00fdhodou, \u017ee podrobn\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy jsou ji\u017e k\u00a0dispozici. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu bylo provedeno celkem 120 laboratorn\u00edch anal\u00fdz vod a\u00a0p\u016fd, a\u00a0proto je mo\u017en\u00e9 na v\u00fdsledky navazovat a\u00a0tak\u00e9 z\u00a0nich vych\u00e1zet.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011brem k\u00a0zamy\u0161len\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Uveden\u00fd zp\u016fsob \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je logick\u00fdm vy\u00fast\u011bn\u00edm po\u017eadavk\u016f R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice o\u00a0vod\u011b, kter\u00e1 proces pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho stavu vod iniciovala z\u00e1vazn\u011b pro v\u0161echny st\u00e1ty Evropsk\u00e9 unie. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadech nedosa\u017een\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho stavu vod n\u00e1m nebude \u010dasto sta\u010dit p\u0159ijet\u00ed n\u00e1pravn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed bez dolo\u017een\u00ed jejich \u00fa\u010dinnosti, a\u00a0to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u\u00a0plo\u0161n\u00fdch zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fdch model\u016f se jev\u00ed jako p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e9, proto\u017ee komplexnost poznatk\u016f a\u00a0zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dat se d\u00e1 snadno vyhodnotit. Rovn\u011b\u017e dal\u0161\u00ed zp\u0159es\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed poznatk\u016f o\u00a0z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei vod v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch etap\u00e1ch procesu pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed je bez model\u016f komplikovan\u00e9 a\u00a0p\u0159iznejme si, \u017ee u\u00a0redukce nutrient\u016f se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0b\u011bh na dlouhou tra\u0165.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1pravn\u00e1 pat\u0159en\u00ed, jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, nejsou zadarmo, a\u00a0tak bychom m\u011bli zva\u017eovat mnohem d\u016fsledn\u011bji, kde a\u00a0v\u00a0jak\u00e9m rozsahu je uplatnit. K\u00a0tomuto pot\u0159ebujeme podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed znalosti o\u00a0v\u0161ech zdroj\u00edch zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vod. Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed znalosti nejsou pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 v\u0161ude, ale p\u0159ednostn\u011b tam, kde je dobr\u00fd stav vod nedosa\u017een, co\u017e se nejedn\u00e1 v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky o\u00a0zanedbateln\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0povod\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Dyje a\u00a0Moravy s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edtoky V\u00e1hu nebylo k\u00a0roku 2015 dosa\u017eeno dobr\u00e9ho stavu vod u\u00a054\u00a0% vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f z\u00a0d\u016fvod\u016f vysok\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed ukazatel\u016f Pcelk<\/sub>, N-NO3<\/sub>\u00a0a\u00a0N-NH4<\/sub>. Tato skute\u010dnost je sama o\u00a0sob\u011b alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed a\u00a0ukazuje, \u017ee k\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f m\u00e1me hodn\u011b dlouhou cestu. Domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm u\u00a0povod\u00ed vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f napojen\u00fdch na odb\u011bry vod, u\u00a0kter\u00fdch nen\u00ed doposud dosa\u017eeno dobr\u00e9ho stavu vod z\u00a0d\u016fvodu vysok\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee \u017eivinami, by m\u011bly b\u00fdt d\u016fvody nedosa\u017een\u00ed jasn\u011bji formulov\u00e1ny s\u00a0podrobnou anal\u00fdzou co do v\u00fdskytu a\u00a0znalost\u00ed v\u0161ech zdroj\u016f zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, tedy p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm plo\u0161n\u00fdch, rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdch a\u00a0t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 jsou n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem propojeny se zem\u011bd\u011blskou \u010dinnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Podrobn\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy, pop\u0159. modely k\u00a0vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee vod nutrienty jsou jist\u011b \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed. Doufejme jen, \u017ee se budou d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjet a\u00a0dopl\u0148ovat tak, aby byly srozumiteln\u00e9 a\u00a0praktick\u00e9. Nen\u00ed ani tak rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed, jak\u00fd model pou\u017eijeme, ale jak d\u00e1le z\u00edskan\u00e9 poznatky a\u00a0anal\u00fdzy vyu\u017eijeme a\u00a0prakticky z\u00faro\u010d\u00edme. V\u00a0tomto je pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 hledat zlep\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vznikl v\u00a0r\u00e1mci v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho \u00fakolu s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem Technick\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje k\u00a0identifikaci zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podpo\u0159en\u00e9ho Technologickou agenturou \u010cR s\u00a0ozna\u010den\u00edm TD020266 (program OMEGA), \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho v\u00a0letech 2014\u20132015.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The article presents the results of the project aimed at improving the situation in the catchment area of the Mosti\u0161t\u011b water reservoir where good water status is not achieved because of the high water load of nutrients. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":3798,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[882,925,924,927,926,301],"coauthors":[897],"class_list":["post-3892","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydrochemistry-radioecology-microbiology","tag-measures","tag-modelling-emission-of-nutrients","tag-mostiste-river-basin","tag-river-basin-management-plans","tag-surface-and-diffuse-sources-of-pollution","tag-water-quality"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3892","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3892"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3892\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30417,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3892\/revisions\/30417"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3892"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3892"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3892"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=3892"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}