{"id":3713,"date":"2017-08-10T11:36:53","date_gmt":"2017-08-10T11:36:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=3713"},"modified":"2024-07-16T12:17:32","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T11:17:32","slug":"policy-of-protection-from-impacts-of-drought-and-water-scarcity-in-the-czech-republic-consultation-and-processing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2017\/08\/policy-of-protection-from-impacts-of-drought-and-water-scarcity-in-the-czech-republic-consultation-and-processing\/","title":{"rendered":"Policy of Protection from impacts of drought and water scarcity in the Czech Republic \u2013 consultation and processing"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

 <\/p>\n

Souhrn<\/h2>\n

Od roku 2014 prob\u00edhaj\u00ed aktivity sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed k\u00a0nastaven\u00ed koncep\u010dn\u00edho politick\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ochrany \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR p\u0159ed n\u00e1sledky sucha a\u00a0nedostatku vody. P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek ve sv\u00e9 \u00favodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti shrnuje rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed f\u00e1ze procesu p\u0159\u00edpravy Koncepce na ochranu p\u0159ed n\u00e1sledky sucha pro \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR v\u00a0r\u00e1mci meziresortn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed skupiny VODA-SUCHO a\u00a0d\u00e1le uv\u00e1d\u00ed nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed teze koncepce. V\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti na popis rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edch pozorovan\u00fdch zm\u011bn hydroklimatick\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f v\u00a0\u010cR jsou p\u0159edstaveny vize a\u00a0strategick\u00e9 c\u00edle dokumentu. Pro jejich dosa\u017een\u00ed byla navr\u017eena opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou rozd\u011blena do p\u011bti tematick\u00fdch pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f koncepce. Nad r\u00e1mec t\u011bchto p\u011bti pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f budou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed legislativn\u00edho a\u00a0ekonomick\u00e9ho charakteru, kter\u00e1 jsou p\u0159edpokladem pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou implementaci navrhovan\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Proces zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed ochrany \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR p\u0159ed n\u00e1sledky sucha a\u00a0nedostatku vody mus\u00ed prob\u00edhat na n\u011bkolika \u00farovn\u00edch najednou. Je t\u0159eba p\u0159istoupit k\u00a0p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed preventivn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla v\u00e9st ke zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed retence vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b v\u00a0co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm plo\u0161n\u00e9m rozsahu, d\u00e1le je t\u0159eba zajistit operativn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed obdob\u00ed sucha a\u00a0nedostatku vody a\u00a0v\u00a0neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je t\u0159eba p\u0159ipravit realizaci strategick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed potenci\u00e1l v\u00fdznamn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit zranitelnost \u00fazem\u00ed v\u016f\u010di nedostatku vody. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat osv\u011bt\u011b a\u00a0vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatelstva v\u00a0t\u00e9matu zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s\u00a0vodou.<\/p>\n\"Countryside<\/a>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

Sucho a\u00a0povodn\u011b p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed hydrologick\u00e9 extr\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed potenci\u00e1l ohrozit \u017eivot a\u00a0zdrav\u00ed lid\u00ed, zp\u016fsobit zna\u010dn\u00e9 hmotn\u00e9 \u0161kody a\u00a0po\u0161kodit st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my. Po katastrof\u00e1ln\u00edch povodn\u00edch v\u00a0roce 1997 za\u010dala b\u00fdt problematika ochrany p\u0159ed povodn\u011bmi v\u00a0\u010cR systematicky \u0159e\u0161ena. V\u00a0roce 2000 vznikla Strategie ochrany p\u0159ed povodn\u011bmi pro \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. Na ni nav\u00e1zala novelizace z\u00e1kona \u010d. 254\/2001 Sb., o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch (d\u00e1le jen vodn\u00ed z\u00e1kon), v\u00a0r\u00e1mci kter\u00e9 vznikla nov\u00e1 hlava v\u011bnovan\u00e1 ochran\u011b p\u0159ed povodn\u011bmi. Byla zah\u00e1jena tvorba pl\u00e1n\u016f pro zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed povod\u0148ov\u00fdch rizik a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b prob\u011bhla realizace mnoha opat\u0159en\u00ed. Jako evidentn\u00ed se proto jev\u00ed pot\u0159eba analogicky o\u0161et\u0159it i\u00a0extr\u00e9m opa\u010dn\u00fd \u2013 sucho. \u010cinnosti vedouc\u00ed k\u00a0nastaven\u00ed koncep\u010dn\u00edho politick\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ochrany \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR p\u0159ed n\u00e1sledky sucha byly zah\u00e1jeny v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm suchem, kter\u00e9 zapo\u010dalo v\u00a0roce 2014 a\u00a0kter\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti na zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1. Prvn\u00edm koncep\u010dn\u00edm dokumentem, kter\u00fd se problematice sucha bl\u00ed\u017ee v\u011bnuje, je Strategie p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed se zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu v\u00a0podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch \u010cR a\u00a0navazuj\u00edc\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed ak\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n pro adaptaci na klimatickou zm\u011bnu. Samostatn\u011b se t\u00e9matu zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sucha a\u00a0nedostatku vody v\u011bnuje Koncepce na ochranu p\u0159ed n\u00e1sledky sucha pro \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR, jej\u00ed\u017e p\u0159\u00edprava a\u00a0hlavn\u00ed teze jsou pops\u00e1ny d\u00e1le. Krom\u011b zlep\u0161en\u00ed procesu zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed rizika sucha je pot\u0159eba rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159ipravit i\u00a0pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 mechanismy a\u00a0n\u00e1stroje ochrany spole\u010dnosti pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 krizov\u00e9 situace. Sch\u00e9ma na\u00a0obr. 1<\/em>\u00a0zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed nebo p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 koncep\u010dn\u00ed a\u00a0pl\u00e1novac\u00ed dokumenty relevantn\u00ed pro dan\u00e9 f\u00e1ze sucha.<\/p>\n\"Hrdinka-1\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 1. St\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed nebo p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 koncep\u010dn\u00ed a implementa\u010dn\u00ed dokumenty relevantn\u00ed v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch sucha
\nFig.1. Structure of existing or prepared policy documents relevant to different stages of drought<\/h6>\n

P\u0159\u00edpravn\u00fd proces \u2013 \u010dinnost meziresortn\u00ed komise VODA-SUCHO<\/h2>\n

Proces p\u0159\u00edpravy Koncepce na ochranu p\u0159ed n\u00e1sledky sucha pro \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky (d\u00e1le koncepce) spustil soub\u011bh ud\u00e1lost\u00ed v\u00a0roce 2014. Prvotn\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00e1sadn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou byla nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e1 hydrologick\u00e1 situace na po\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2014, kdy byly zaznamen\u00e1ny jedny z\u00a0historicky nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edch pr\u016ftok\u016f v\u00a0profilu Labe-D\u011b\u010d\u00edn (obr.<\/em>\u00a02<\/em>). K\u00a0zah\u00e1jen\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho koncep\u010dn\u00edho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed sucha d\u00e1le p\u0159isp\u011bla zes\u00edlen\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce a\u00a0shoda z\u00a0hlediska v\u011bcn\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f obou z\u00e1sadn\u00edch resort\u016f na poli vodn\u00ed a\u00a0vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 politiky, tedy resort\u016f Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed (d\u00e1le M\u017dP) a\u00a0Ministerstva zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed (d\u00e1le MZe).<\/p>\n\"Hrdinka-2\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 2. Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016ftok\u016f v\u00a0Labi ve stanici D\u011b\u010d\u00edn b\u011bhem vybran\u00fdch epizod sucha od roku 1900
\nFig. 2. Mean monthly discharge of the Elbe River in D\u011b\u010d\u00edn during the significant periods of drought after 1900<\/h6>\n

Dne 9. dubna 2014 se ve V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9m \u00fastavu vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m T. G. Masaryka, v.\u00a0v.\u00a0i. (d\u00e1le V\u00daV TGM), uskute\u010dnilo prvn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00ed skupiny SUCHO, z\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 na \u017e\u00e1dost ministra \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed Mgr. Richarda Brabce. V\u00a0\u010dervenci t\u00e9ho\u017e roku do\u0161lo k\u00a0z\u00e1sadn\u00edmu nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce s\u00a0pracovn\u00ed skupinou VODA, z\u0159\u00edzenou v\u00a0roce 2013 ministrem zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed Ing. Marianem Jure\u010dkou. Tato skupina se v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b zab\u00fdvala ot\u00e1zkami opat\u0159en\u00ed ve spojitosti s\u00a0povodn\u011bmi (jako reakce na povodn\u011b v\u00a0roce 2013) a\u00a0souvisej\u00edc\u00ed vodn\u00ed eroz\u00ed, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b. Vzhledem k\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u00edmu pr\u016fb\u011bhu tehdej\u0161\u00ed hydrologick\u00e9 situace v\u0161ak pracovn\u00ed skupina VODA p\u0159isl\u00edbila pomoc i\u00a0p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ot\u00e1zek sucha, a\u00a0to hlavn\u011b z\u00a0pohledu p\u016fdn\u00edho sucha a\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1sob z\u00e1vlahov\u00e9 vody v\u00a0podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edho se klimatu \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. Dne 9. \u0159\u00edjna 2014 se uskute\u010dnilo prvn\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru meziresortn\u00ed komise VODA-SUCHO (d\u00e1le komise), z\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 podle jednac\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du komise \u201epro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed koncepce \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed problematiky sucha a\u00a0nedostatku vody v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159\u00edpravy preventivn\u00edch a\u00a0podp\u016frn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d resorty\u201c.<\/p>\n

Komise je tvo\u0159ena v\u00fdkonn\u00fdm v\u00fdborem, slo\u017een\u00fdm ze z\u00e1stupc\u016f ges\u010dn\u011b odpov\u011bdn\u00fdch resort\u016f, jejich z\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch organizac\u00ed a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch relevantn\u00edch subjekt\u016f a\u00a0rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00edm poradn\u00edm org\u00e1nem tvo\u0159en\u00fdm z\u00e1stupci v\u011bdeck\u00fdch instituc\u00ed, vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol, vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed a\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch podnik\u016f.<\/p>\n\"Hrdinka-3\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 3. Pravd\u011bpodobnost p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed pr\u016ftok\u016f ve vodom\u011brn\u00fdch stanic\u00edch ze dne 12. 8. 2015 jako ukazatel hydrologick\u00e9ho sucha; na mnoha stanic\u00edch byla zaznamen\u00e1na historick\u00e1 minima (zdroj: www.hydro.chmi.cz)
\nFig. 3. The exceeding probability of river discharges on 12th<\/sup>\u00a0August 2015 used as the indicator of drought severity; several gauging stations reported historical minimum records (source: www.hydro.chmi.cz)<\/h6>\n

V\u00fdkonn\u00fd v\u00fdbor se za dobu p\u016fsoben\u00ed komise pravideln\u011b sch\u00e1zel k\u00a0v\u011bcn\u011b-politick\u00fdm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm, na kter\u00fdch usm\u011br\u0148oval prvotn\u00ed vize koncepce, zajistil p\u0159\u00edpravu podkladov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f pro pot\u0159eby vytvo\u0159en\u00ed koncepce a\u00a0posl\u00e9ze \u0159e\u0161il z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky struktury a\u00a0sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed (strategick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f) koncepce. V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu let 2015 (tj. v\u00a0obdob\u00ed, kdy hydrologick\u00e9 sucho v\u00a0\u010cR vrcholilo,\u00a0obr. 3\u00a0<\/em>a\u00a0obr. 4<\/em>) a\u00a02016 byly do komise p\u0159izv\u00e1ni z\u00e1stupci dal\u0161\u00edch relevantn\u00edch resort\u016f, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b resorty Ministerstva vnitra, Ministerstva financ\u00ed, Ministerstva pr\u016fmyslu a\u00a0obchodu, Ministerstva pro m\u00edstn\u00ed rozvoj a\u00a0Ministerstva dopravy. V\u00a0roce 2017 byl p\u0159izv\u00e1n z\u00e1stupce Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0roce 2014 byl nejprve na p\u016fdorysu komise rozpracov\u00e1n n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kladn\u00edch typ\u016f opat\u0159en\u00ed (monitorovac\u00ed a\u00a0informativn\u00ed, legislativn\u00ed, organiza\u010dn\u00ed a\u00a0provozn\u00ed, ekonomick\u00e1, technick\u00e1, environment\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0jin\u00e1) pro p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed a\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed negativn\u00edch dopad\u016f sucha. Tento dokument byl 29. \u010dervence 2015 schv\u00e1len vl\u00e1dou \u010cR p\u0159ijet\u00edm usnesen\u00ed \u010d. 620\/2015 (d\u00e1le usnesen\u00ed), zavazuj\u00edc\u00edm ges\u010dn\u011b odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 resorty k\u00a0napl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50 \u00fakol\u016f (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed studi\u00ed, sb\u011bru a\u00a0t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed dat o\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed postihovan\u00fdch suchem) jako v\u011bcn\u00fd podklad pro tvorbu koncepce, a\u00a0to do konce roku 2016. Na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zadan\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f se v\u00a0r\u00e1mci resortu M\u017dP odborn\u011b pod\u00edlel zejm\u00e9na V\u00daV TGM prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u00fakolu Napl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed k\u00a0podpo\u0159e v\u00fdkonu st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy v\u00a0problematice sucho v\u00a0roce 2016.<\/p>\n\"Hrdinka-4\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 4. Pokles hladiny vody v z\u00e1sobn\u00edm prostoru vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee Orl\u00edk v srpnu 2015 (zdroj: MAFRA\/Profimedia)
\nFig. 4. Water level decline in the Orl\u00edk water reservoir in August 2015 (source: MAFRA\/Profimedia)<\/h6>\n

V\u00a0srpnu 2016 byl p\u0159edstaven 1. n\u00e1vrh osnovy koncepce, kter\u00fd byl za \u00fa\u010dasti v\u0161ech \u010dlen\u016f komise d\u00e1le rozpracov\u00e1n tak, aby postihl v\u0161echny aspekty sucha, kter\u00fdm m\u016f\u017ee \u010cesk\u00fd republika v\u00a0bl\u00edzk\u00e9 a\u017e st\u0159edn\u011b vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 budoucnosti \u010delit. Dne 23. b\u0159ezna 2017 se ve V\u00daV TGM uskute\u010dnil odborn\u00fd pracovn\u00ed semin\u00e1\u0159 za \u00fa\u010dasti \u010dlen\u016f poradn\u00edho org\u00e1nu a\u00a0v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru komise k\u00a0napln\u011bn\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch bod\u016f osnovy koncepce podklady p\u0159ipraven\u00fdmi na z\u00e1klad\u011b pln\u011bn\u00ed usnesen\u00ed. V\u00fdsledkem jedn\u00e1n\u00ed byl mimo jin\u00e9 po\u017eadavek na \u00fapravu osnovy a\u00a0struktury koncepce v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0metodikou Ministerstva pro m\u00edstn\u00ed rozvoj. Nov\u00fd form\u00e1t koncepce byl p\u0159edstaven v\u00a0dubnu 2017 (viz d\u00e1le), zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1pln\u011b koncepce bylo dokon\u010deno na konci kv\u011btna 2017. Po\u010d\u00e1tkem \u010dervna 2017 byl dokument odesl\u00e1n do meziresortn\u00edho p\u0159ipom\u00ednkov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. V\u00a0souladu s\u00a0usnesen\u00edm\u00a0byla koncepce p\u0159ed\u00e1na k projedn\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dou \u010cR do konce \u010dervna 2017. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rozhodnut\u00ed o nutnosti strategick\u00e9ho posouzen\u00ed vlivu koncepce na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed (proces SEA) by mohl b\u00fdt term\u00edn p\u0159ijet\u00ed koncepce adekv\u00e1tn\u011b posunut. St\u00e1lou aktu\u00e1lnost pot\u0159eby vzniku koncepce v\u00edce ne\u017e 3 roky po zah\u00e1jen\u00ed jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravy dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed probl\u00e9my se suchem (obr. 5<\/em>\u00a0a\u00a06<\/em>), aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed data u vybran\u00fdch tok\u016f v oblasti ji\u017en\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed Moravy dokonce ukazuj\u00ed na intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hydrologick\u00e9 sucho v roce 2017, ne\u017e v such\u00e9m roce 2015.<\/p>\n\"Hrdinka-5\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a05. Intenzita zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho sucha na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR ukazuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed probl\u00e9my se suchem v l\u00e9t\u011b 2017 (zdroj: CzechGlobe, www.intersucho.cz)
\nFig. 5. Intensity of agricultural drought showing the ongoing drought situation in summer 2017 (source: CzechGlobe, www.intersucho.cz)<\/h6>\n

Shrnut\u00ed analytick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti koncepce<\/h2>\n

\u00davodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st dokumentu je v\u011bnov\u00e1na stru\u010dn\u00e9mu rozboru problematiky sucha a nedostatku vody v \u010cR. Pro jej\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed byly vyu\u017eity v\u00fdsledky z \u00fakol\u016f ulo\u017een\u00fdch v r\u00e1mci usnesen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010d. 620\/2015 a rovn\u011b\u017e v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f a projekt\u016f \u0159e\u0161en\u00fdch ve V\u00daV TGM, v. v. i., V\u00daMOP, v. v. i., aj. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bnou zm\u011bnou klimatu je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teploty vzduchu v posledn\u00edch t\u0159iceti letech p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 1 \u00b0C oproti pr\u016fm\u011bru z let 1961\u20131985 [1]. S rostouc\u00ed teplotou vzduchu souvis\u00ed zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho i skute\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdparu z povod\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u00e1r\u016fst skute\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdparu je v\u017edy limitov\u00e1n mno\u017estv\u00edm dostupn\u00e9 vl\u00e1hy. Skute\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdpar roste p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v zim\u011b, kdy je vzhledem k vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplot\u011b vzduchu a rostouc\u00edm sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m k dispozici dostatek vody. Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee such\u00e9 a tepl\u00e9 oblasti se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed su\u0161\u0161\u00edmi a teplej\u0161\u00edmi a chladn\u00e9 a vlhk\u00e9 oblasti se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed vlh\u010d\u00edmi a teplej\u0161\u00edmi. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed tak k postupn\u00e9mu zv\u011bt\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed oblast\u00ed s pasivn\u00ed vodn\u00ed bilanc\u00ed, kde rostouc\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdpar p\u0159esahuje hodnotu ro\u010dn\u00edch sr\u00e1\u017eek a nar\u016fst\u00e1 tak zranitelnost \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR v\u016f\u010di suchu [2].<\/p>\n\"Hrdinka-6\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 6. Hydrologick\u00e9 sucho na ji\u017en\u00ed Morav\u011b (profil Jevi\u0161ovka-Plave\u010d, plocha povod\u00ed 290 km2<\/sup>, 5. \u010dervna 2017, pr\u016ftok 5,4 l.s-1<\/sup>)
\nFig. 6. Hydrological drought in southern Moravia (gauging profile Jevi\u0161ovka-Plave\u010d, watershed area 290 km2<\/sup>, 5th<\/sup>\u00a0July 2017, discharge 5.4 l.s-1<\/sup>)<\/h6>\n

Z v\u00fdsledk\u016f porovn\u00e1n\u00ed dostupnosti p\u016fdn\u00ed vl\u00e1hy mezi obdob\u00edmi 1961\u20131990 a 1991\u20132014 vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed v poloh\u00e1ch pod 600 m n. m. do\u0161lo ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed po\u010dtu dn\u00ed s nedostatkem p\u016fdn\u00ed vl\u00e1hy v pr\u016fm\u011bru o 10\u201315 dn\u00ed v obdob\u00ed od dubna do \u010dervna [3]. Podle hydrologick\u00fdch a pedologick\u00fdch anal\u00fdz poklesla reten\u010dn\u00ed kapacita p\u016fd p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 40 %, oproti stavu p\u016fdy p\u0159ed rokem 1950, tedy dob\u011b, kdy je\u0161t\u011b p\u016fda nebyla systematicky odvod\u0148ov\u00e1na, zcelov\u00e1na do velk\u00fdch p\u016fdn\u00edch blok\u016f a obd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1na s uplatn\u011bn\u00edm t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 mechanizace. Odhadovan\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm stavem a potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed reten\u010dn\u00ed kapacitou p\u016fdy \u010din\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3 mld. m3<\/sup>\u00a0[4]. Zp\u016fsob hospoda\u0159en\u00ed na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 a lesn\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b zp\u011btn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje klimatick\u00e9 procesy. Odvodn\u011bn\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed ponechan\u00e1 dlouhou \u010d\u00e1st roku bez transpiruj\u00edc\u00ed vegetace se b\u011bhem tepl\u00fdch slune\u010dn\u00edch dn\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u011b rychleji proh\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed (obr. 7<\/em>), a t\u00edm urychluj\u00ed ztr\u00e1tu nejen p\u016fdn\u00ed vl\u00e1hy, ale i ztr\u00e1tu vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry z p\u0159\u00edpovrchov\u00e9 vrstvy atmosf\u00e9ry [5]. Podobn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem p\u016fsob\u00ed i n\u00e1r\u016fst ploch zastav\u011bn\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\"Hrdinka-7\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 7. Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed teploty povrchu zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 krajiny s r\u016fzn\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm vody v p\u016fd\u011b a r\u016fzn\u00fdm vegeta\u010dn\u00edm krytem; vysok\u00fd rozd\u00edl v povrchov\u00e9 teplot\u011b je evidentn\u00ed i mezi zamok\u0159enou neposekanou loukou a loukou \u010derstv\u011b posekanou [5]
\nFig. 7. Surface temperature of different land cover in agricultural landscape; high difference in observed values between cut and wet mature grasslands is reflected [5]<\/h6>\n

Z hlediska zranitelnosti v\u016f\u010di hydrologick\u00e9mu suchu je pozorov\u00e1n nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd trend poklesu odtoku v letn\u00edm obdob\u00ed, kter\u00fd je v ro\u010dn\u00edm pr\u016fm\u011bru kompenzov\u00e1n n\u00e1r\u016fstem odtoku v zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed [6]. Od roku 2015 p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 sucho v podzemn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 bylo hodnoceno jako srovnateln\u00e9 s ud\u00e1lostmi z po\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let, a jedn\u00e1 se o dv\u011b nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed epizody sucha v podzemn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch od roku 1961. V\u00fdsledky modelov\u00e1n\u00ed dopad\u016f zm\u011bny klimatu na vl\u00e1hovou bilanci p\u016fdy a hydrologickou bilanci bohu\u017eel nasv\u011bd\u010duj\u00ed tomu, \u017ee pozorovan\u00e9 trendy budou z\u0159ejm\u011b d\u00e1le zesilovat.
\nSou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u00favodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti koncepce je rovn\u011b\u017e posouzen\u00ed zranitelnosti \u00fazem\u00ed z hlediska nedostatku povrchov\u00e9 a podzemn\u00ed vody. Nedostatek vody nast\u00e1v\u00e1 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy po\u017eadavky na odb\u011bry vody nejsou zabezpe\u010dov\u00e1ny z dostupn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f s dostate\u010dnou spolehlivost\u00ed. Do oblast\u00ed rizikov\u00fdch z hlediska nedostatku povrchov\u00fdch vod spadaj\u00ed 3 % plochy \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR, do oblast\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u011b rizikov\u00fdch 18 % plochy \u00fazem\u00ed. Z celkem 89 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed bylo v souvislosti s pln\u011bn\u00edm jejich z\u00e1sobn\u00ed funkce hodnoceno jako potenci\u00e1ln\u011b rizikov\u00fdch 19 n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. Do kategorie potenci\u00e1ln\u011b rizikov\u00fdch hydrogeologick\u00fdch raj\u00f3n\u016f bylo za\u0159azeno 18 % plochy \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR [7]. Sucho a nedostatek vody vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed tlak na jakost povrchov\u00fdch a podzemn\u00edch vod a rovn\u011b\u017e na stav vodn\u00edch a na vodu v\u00e1zan\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f. Se suchem souvis\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f a tento jev je t\u0159eba koncep\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u0161it zabezpe\u010den\u00edm dostate\u010dn\u00fdch vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f pro ha\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Strategick\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st koncepce<\/h2>\n

Z\u00a0jedn\u00e1n\u00ed komise VODA-SUCHO vyplynulo, \u017ee sucho a\u00a0nedostatek vody je komplexn\u00ed probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd je t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it v\u00a0meziresortn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0uv\u00e1\u017een\u00edm p\u0159esahu t\u00e9matu do oblasti ochrany a\u00a0p\u00e9\u010de o\u00a0p\u016fdu, jakost vody a\u00a0vodn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my a\u00a0socioekonomick\u00e9 vazby. Koncepc\u00ed byly definov\u00e1ny t\u0159i strategick\u00e9 c\u00edle (viz box). Prvn\u00edm c\u00edlem je zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 informovanosti o\u00a0riziku sucha a\u00a0p\u0159ipravenosti na tyto ud\u00e1losti pomoc\u00ed tzv. Pl\u00e1n\u016f pro zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sucha a\u00a0v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 osv\u011bty. Pl\u00e1ny pro zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sucha budou zaji\u0161\u0165ovat operativn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 situace, podobn\u011b jako Povod\u0148ov\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny \u0159e\u0161\u00ed opa\u010dn\u00fd extr\u00e9m. D\u00e1le je t\u0159eba dos\u00e1hnout udr\u017een\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy mezi dostupn\u00fdmi vodn\u00edmi zdroji a\u00a0pot\u0159ebou vody nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d sektory i\u00a0v\u00a0m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edch se klimatick\u00fdch a\u00a0socioekonomick\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch a\u00a0zm\u00edr\u0148ovat dopady sucha na akvatick\u00e9 i\u00a0terestrick\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obnovy p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho vodn\u00edho re\u017eimu krajiny.<\/p>\n

Napln\u011bn\u00ed strategick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f bude vy\u017eadovat implementaci \u0159ady opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f\u00a0\u00fakol\u016f realizovan\u00fdch na z\u00e1klad\u011b usnesen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010d.\u00a0620\/2015 a\u00a0z\u00a0konzulta\u010dn\u00edho procesu realizovan\u00e9ho v\u00a0letech 2014\u20132017 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci meziresortn\u00ed komise VODA-SUCHO. Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed byla rozd\u011blena do p\u011bti tematick\u00fdch pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba za\u010d\u00edt napl\u0148ovat soub\u011b\u017en\u011b a\u00a0vyu\u017e\u00edt tak vz\u00e1jemn\u011b synergick\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed t\u011bchto opat\u0159en\u00ed na celkov\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f sucha a\u00a0nedostatku vody (obr. 8<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vize Koncepce ochrany p\u0159ed n\u00e1sledky sucha na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika je odoln\u00e1 v\u016f\u010di nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm projev\u016fm sucha\u00a0<\/span>a nedostatku vody i v m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edch se klimatick\u00fdch a socioekonomick\u00fdch\u00a0<\/span>podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Odolnost je zalo\u017eena na porozum\u011bn\u00ed riziku sucha,\u00a0<\/span>na p\u0159ipravenosti a schopnosti v\u010das reagovat na v\u00fdskyt sucha a na\u00a0<\/span>realizaci preventivn\u00edch a strategick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem minimalizace\u00a0<\/span>dopad\u016f sucha a nedostatku vody na spole\u010dnost, hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my. Ob\u010dan\u00e9 \u010cR vn\u00edmaj\u00ed zodpov\u011bdnost za mno\u017estv\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>a jakost dostupn\u00fdch vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, za ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edho\u00a0<\/span>re\u017eimu krajiny a individu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zranitelnosti v\u016f\u010di\u00a0<\/span>suchu a nedostatku vody.<\/span><\/p>\n

Strategick\u00e9 c\u00edle<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Zv\u00fd\u0161it informovanost o riziku sucha prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm monitoringu\u00a0<\/span>a predikce v\u00fdskytu sucha, zajistit p\u0159ipravenost na ud\u00e1losti sucha\u00a0<\/span>pomoc\u00ed pl\u00e1n\u016f pro zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sucha a v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 osv\u011bty.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Zabezpe\u010dit udr\u017een\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy mezi vodn\u00edmi zdroji a pot\u0159ebou vody\u00a0<\/span>nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d sektory i v m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edch se klimatick\u00fdch a socioekonomick\u00fdch\u00a0<\/span>podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Zm\u00edr\u0148ovat dopady sucha na akvatick\u00e9 i terestrick\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my\u00a0<\/span>prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obnovy p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho vodn\u00edho re\u017eimu krajiny.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tematick\u00e9 pil\u00ed\u0159e koncepce<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed platformy o\u00a0suchu a\u00a0nedostatku vody<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Prvn\u00edm krokem p\u0159i zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed rizika sucha a\u00a0nedostatku vody je vytvo\u0159en\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed platformy pro monitoring sucha a\u00a0stavu vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Opat\u0159en\u00ed navr\u017een\u00e1 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci tematick\u00e9ho pil\u00ed\u0159e sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed k\u00a0napln\u011bn\u00ed prvn\u00edho strategick\u00e9ho c\u00edle a\u00a0zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed srozumiteln\u00e9 informace o\u00a0aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm stavu sucha a\u00a0vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f v\u010detn\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u010das zah\u00e1jit p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch operativn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edznivou hydrologickou situac\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed pil\u00ed\u0159 zahrnuje opat\u0159en\u00ed na dopln\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0\u00fapravu monitorovac\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9ho hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu, vytvo\u0159en\u00ed propojen\u00e9ho p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edho a\u00a0varovn\u00e9ho informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu na sucho, opat\u0159en\u00ed na operativn\u00ed optimalizaci odb\u011br\u016f vody v\u00a0obdob\u00ed sucha a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Posilov\u00e1n\u00ed odolnosti a\u00a0rozvoj vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Druh\u00fd tematick\u00fd pil\u00ed\u0159 je zam\u011b\u0159en na posilov\u00e1n\u00ed odolnosti a\u00a0rozvoje vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. P\u0159edstavuje reakci na pozorovan\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 trendy v\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00ed a\u00a0jakosti dostupn\u00fdch vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f a\u00a0rovn\u011b\u017e na nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 dopady zm\u011bny klimatu. Do t\u00e9to skupiny opat\u0159en\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u011b spadaj\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu mno\u017estv\u00ed a\u00a0jakosti dostupn\u00fdch vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, opat\u0159en\u00ed na st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 infrastruktu\u0159e a\u00a0strategick\u00e9 aktivity zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na p\u0159\u00edpravu a\u00a0realizaci nov\u00fdch vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f pomoc\u00ed nov\u00fdch v\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, um\u011bl\u00e9 infiltrace povrchov\u00fdch vod do vod podzemn\u00edch a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed. Do tohoto pil\u00ed\u0159e byla za\u0159azena rovn\u011b\u017e opat\u0159en\u00ed na rozvoj zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 z\u00e1vlahy a\u00a0opat\u0159en\u00ed na zlep\u0161en\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed ochrany.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed jako n\u00e1stroj ochrany mno\u017estv\u00ed a\u00a0jakosti vody a\u00a0ochrany p\u016fdy<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        T\u0159et\u00ed tematick\u00fd pil\u00ed\u0159 sm\u011b\u0159uje k\u00a0udr\u017een\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy mezi dostupn\u00fdmi vodn\u00edmi zdroji a\u00a0po\u017eadavky na vodu v\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a\u00a0lesnictv\u00ed. Opat\u0159en\u00ed navr\u017een\u00e1 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci tohoto pil\u00ed\u0159e p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed reakci na zhor\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se vl\u00e1hovou bilanci, klesaj\u00edc\u00ed reten\u010dn\u00ed a\u00a0infiltra\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy, nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 dopady vodn\u00ed eroze, zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody l\u00e1tkami na v\u00fd\u017eivu a ochranu rostlin a zhor\u0161en\u00ed stavu lesn\u00edch porost\u016f v souvislosti s prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed klimatickou zm\u011bnou. C\u00edlem opat\u0159en\u00ed navr\u017een\u00fdch v\u00a0r\u00e1mci tohoto tematick\u00e9ho pil\u00ed\u0159e je sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f sucha v\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Navr\u017een\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed zahrnuj\u00ed optimalizaci monitoringu stavu zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy, opat\u0159en\u00ed na zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed organick\u00e9 hmoty v\u00a0p\u016fd\u011b, opat\u0159en\u00ed na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed protierozn\u00ed ochrany p\u016fdy, opat\u0159en\u00ed na zlep\u0161en\u00ed ochrany jakosti vody p\u0159ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm z\u00a0prost\u0159edk\u016f na ochranu a\u00a0v\u00fd\u017eivu rostlin a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Obnova p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho vodn\u00edho re\u017eimu krajiny<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u010ctvrt\u00fd tematick\u00fd pil\u00ed\u0159 zahrnuje ve\u0161ker\u00e9 aktivity k\u00a0n\u00e1prav\u011b nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch d\u016fsledk\u016f systematick\u00e9ho odvodn\u011bn\u00ed krajiny a\u00a0z\u00e1sah\u016f \u010dlov\u011bka do s\u00edt\u011b vodn\u00edch tok\u016f. C\u00edlem opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00fdch v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0touto prioritou je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed retence vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b a\u00a0zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed odolnosti vodn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f v\u016f\u010di hydrologick\u00fdm extr\u00e9m\u016fm. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00ed na obnovu p\u0159irozen\u00fdch funkc\u00ed vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a\u00a0niv, obnova mok\u0159ad\u016f v\u00a0krajin\u011b a\u00a0opat\u0159en\u00ed na lesn\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Podpora princip\u016f zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s\u00a0vodou nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d sektory<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            P\u00e1t\u00fd tematick\u00fd pil\u00ed\u0159 je zam\u011b\u0159en na \u00fasporn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vody, mo\u017enosti jej\u00ed recyklace a\u00a0sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edry zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody, kter\u00e1 se navrac\u00ed do p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. V\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti je k\u00a0dispozici \u0159ada nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zat\u00edm nejsou v\u00a0praxi uplat\u0148ov\u00e1ny a\u00a0mohou v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bt ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f sucha a\u00a0nedostatku vody na spole\u010dnost, hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a\u00a0na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\"Hrdinka-8\"<\/a>\n

            Obr. 8. Tematick\u00e9 pil\u00ed\u0159e koncepce na ochranu p\u0159ed n\u00e1sledky sucha a nedostatku vody \u2013 p\u011bt \u00farovn\u00ed, na kter\u00fdch je t\u0159eba zah\u00e1jit nebo zintenzivnit \u010dinnosti spojen\u00e9 s p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00edm nezbytn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed
            \nFig. 8. Five spheres of interest in the Policy of Protection from Impacts of Drought and Water Scarcity where the measures have to be implemented<\/h6>\n

            Implementace opat\u0159en\u00ed koncepce<\/h2>\n

            Pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou implementaci navrhovan\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed je naprosto kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce resort\u016f Ministerstva zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed od \u00farovn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy a\u017e po nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 m\u00edstn\u011b p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch instituc\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy, spr\u00e1vy povod\u00ed a ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody a krajiny. K zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed realizace navrhovan\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed bude t\u0159eba p\u0159ikro\u010dit k \u00faprav\u00e1m st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed legislativy a bude t\u0159eba navrhnout zp\u016fsoby udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho financov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00fdch aktivit spojen\u00fdch s realizac\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. Pro pos\u00edlen\u00ed procesu implementace opat\u0159en\u00ed v praxi bude t\u0159eba nastavit podm\u00ednky a podpory u jednotliv\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed tak, aby byly dostate\u010dn\u011b ekonomicky motiva\u010dn\u00ed. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm procesem p\u0159i zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed do praxe je osv\u011bta a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti. Zm\u011bny ve st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed legislativ\u011b by m\u011bly sm\u011b\u0159ovat k vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 hlavy vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na prevenci a operativn\u00ed zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sucha a nedostatku vody. D\u00e1le bude t\u0159eba p\u0159istoupit k revizi zp\u016fsobu financov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edch podnik\u016f Povod\u00ed a spr\u00e1vy povod\u00ed a k vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed plateb za odebran\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed podzemn\u00edch a povrchov\u00fdch vod. P\u0159edm\u011btem novelizace vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona a souvisej\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f by m\u011bla b\u00fdt rovn\u011b\u017e problematika ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, hospoda\u0159en\u00ed se sr\u00e1\u017ekovou vodou a odpadn\u00ed vodou. Koncepce t\u00e9\u017e obsahuje pot\u0159ebu dokon\u010den\u00ed tzv. protierozn\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky a na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy o zp\u016fsobu a krit\u00e9ri\u00edch stanoven\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u016fstatkov\u00e9ho pr\u016ftoku ve vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch.<\/p>\n

            Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

            Ze st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho v\u00fdvoje meteorologick\u00e9 a hydrologick\u00e9 situace vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee obdob\u00ed let 2014 a\u017e 2017 se zapisuje do statistik jako jedno z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obdob\u00ed sucha. Rovn\u011b\u017e se jev\u00ed jako pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee se nejedn\u00e1 pouze o n\u00e1hodn\u00fd v\u00fdkyv po\u010das\u00ed, ale \u017ee s podobn\u00fdm charakterem klimatu se mus\u00edme nau\u010dit \u017e\u00edt. Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edznivou hydrologickou situaci je t\u0159eba vn\u00edmat i jako mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost nastartovat procesy nutn\u00e9 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odolnosti \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky v\u016f\u010di n\u00e1sledk\u016fm sucha a nedostatku vody.<\/p>\n

            Tyto procesy mus\u00ed prob\u00edhat na n\u011bkolika \u00farovn\u00edch najednou a je t\u0159eba do nich zapojit co nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed spektrum zainteresovan\u00fdch skupin. Je t\u0159eba urychlit a zefektivnit realizaci t\u011bch opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u016fsob\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm preventivn\u011b a lze je p\u0159ijmout v co nejkrat\u0161\u00edm \u010dasov\u00e9m horizontu a v co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm plo\u0161n\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. Jedn\u00e1 se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o opat\u0159en\u00ed na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b, opat\u0159en\u00ed na zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vody v krajin\u011b a opat\u0159en\u00ed na sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed spot\u0159eby vody. D\u00e1le je t\u0159eba se zam\u011b\u0159it na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 povedou k nastaven\u00ed proces\u016f pro operativn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed sucha a nedostatku vody. To je oblast, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje p\u0159\u00edpravu nov\u00e9 hlavy vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona a p\u0159\u00edpravu pl\u00e1n\u016f pro zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sucha. Sou\u010dasn\u011b s t\u011bmito procesy mus\u00ed prob\u00edhat p\u0159\u00edprava slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch strategick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed potenci\u00e1l razantn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit zranitelnost \u00fazem\u00ed v\u016f\u010di nedostatku vody \u2013 do t\u00e9to skupiny pat\u0159\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 a vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 infrastruktu\u0159e v\u010detn\u011b zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00fdch nebo alternativn\u00edch zdroj\u016f vody. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat systematick\u00e9mu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatelstva a osv\u011bt\u011b. Do budoucna je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat pozornost bilanci vody v jednotliv\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech hydrologick\u00e9ho cyklu v\u010detn\u011b vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e. Ukazuje se, \u017ee pro efektivn\u00ed adaptaci na nov\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 pom\u011bry bude kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 naj\u00edt \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed ke stabilizaci cykl\u016f energie a vody.<\/p>\n

            Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n

            Na tomto m\u00edst\u011b je t\u0159eba pod\u011bkovat v\u0161em \u010dlen\u016fm meziresortn\u00ed komise VODA-SUCHO a dal\u0161\u00ed odborn\u00edk\u016fm z v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch organizac\u00ed a komer\u010dn\u00ed sf\u00e9ry, kte\u0159\u00ed sv\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky do diskuse, konzultacemi a \u0159adou podkladov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f p\u0159isp\u011bli k vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho koncep\u010dn\u00edho dokumentu a k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho konsensu v oblasti ochrany p\u0159ed n\u00e1sledky sucha. Vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0spole\u010dn\u00e9ho koncep\u010dn\u00edho dokumentu a k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho konsensu v oblasti ochrany p\u0159ed n\u00e1sledky sucha. Vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed koncepce bylo finan\u010dn\u011b podpo\u0159eno Ministerstvem \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010cR.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            In the context of a severe drought period, which has started in 2014, an inter-ministerial commission WATER-DROUGHT was established to prepare a strategic policy document on protection from impacts of drought and water scarcity in the Czech Republic. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":3655,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[121,883,884,301,873,649],"coauthors":[30,551,685,849],"class_list":["post-3713","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydraulics-hydrology-and-hydrogeology","tag-drought","tag-inter-ministerial-commission-water-drought","tag-landscape-water-retention","tag-water-quality","tag-water-resources","tag-water-scarcity"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3713","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3713"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30403,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3713\/revisions\/30403"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3655"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3713"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3713"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3713"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=3713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}