{"id":3710,"date":"2017-08-10T11:36:48","date_gmt":"2017-08-10T11:36:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=3710"},"modified":"2024-07-16T12:16:57","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T11:16:57","slug":"evaluation-of-the-impacts-of-drought-on-aquatic-and-water-bound-organisms-in-surface-water-bodies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2017\/08\/evaluation-of-the-impacts-of-drought-on-aquatic-and-water-bound-organisms-in-surface-water-bodies\/","title":{"rendered":"Evaluation of the impacts of drought on aquatic and water-bound organisms in surface water bodies"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle fa-3x pull-left\"><\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Souhrn<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed d\u00edl\u010d\u00edho \u00fakolu Zhodnocen\u00ed dopad\u016f sucha v\u00a0\u00fatvarech povrchov\u00fdch vod na vodn\u00ed a\u00a0vodu v\u00e1zan\u00e9 organismy projektu zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dinnosti k\u00a0podpo\u0159e v\u00fdkonu st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy v\u00a0problematice sucho v\u00a0roce 2016 byla zpracov\u00e1na zejm\u00e9na re\u0161er\u0161n\u00ed anal\u00fdza potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho vlivu sucha na jednotliv\u00e9 slo\u017eky a\u00a0ukazatele hodnocen\u00ed stavu vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f jako prost\u0159edku pro hodnocen\u00ed kvality vodn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f ve smyslu sm\u011brnice 2000\/60\/ES [1], re\u0161er\u0161e mo\u017en\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro eliminaci negativn\u00edch vliv\u016f sucha na vodn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my, n\u00e1vrh stup\u0148\u016f ohro\u017een\u00ed suchem pro jednotliv\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed Natura 2000\u2008s\u00a0vazbou na vodu, anal\u00fdza druhov\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed pro vybran\u00e9 skupiny vodn\u00edch organism\u016f ve vztahu k\u00a0rizik\u016fm spojen\u00fdm s\u00a0v\u00fdskytem sucha a\u00a0shrnut\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fdch dopad\u016f vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ochrany vodn\u00edch a\u00a0na vodu v\u00e1zan\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00davod<\/h2>\n<p>Suchem mohou b\u00fdt ovlivn\u011bny v\u0161echny typy vod a\u00a0s\u00a0nimi i\u00a0druhy na vodu v\u00e1zan\u00fdch organism\u016f v\u010detn\u011b n\u011bkter\u00fdch terestrick\u00fdch druh\u016f rostlin a\u00a0\u017eivo\u010dich\u016f (nap\u0159. oboj\u017eiveln\u00edci, pt\u00e1ci, savci), kter\u00e9 jsou s\u00a0vodou \u00fazce spjaty \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e habitatov\u011b, reproduk\u010dn\u011b, \u010di potravn\u011b [2].<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i vysych\u00e1n\u00ed tok\u016f \u010di biotop\u016f stojat\u00fdch vod doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ky vodn\u00edho sloupce v\u00a0recipientu a\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet a\u017e k\u00a0\u00fapln\u00e9 ztr\u00e1t\u011b povrchov\u00e9 vody. To m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt na vodn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 i\u00a0nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vlivy [3]. P\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vlivy spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed ve ztr\u00e1t\u011b vody, ztr\u00e1t\u011b habitat\u016f pro vodn\u00ed organismy a\u00a0v\u00a0p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed povrchov\u00e9ho propojen\u00ed se sousedn\u00edmi vodn\u00edmi biotopy. Nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vlivy p\u0159edstavuje zhor\u0161en\u00ed kvality vody, zm\u011bna potravn\u00edch zdroj\u016f a\u00a0zm\u011bna intenzity a\u00a0struktury mezidruhov\u00fdch interakc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Durcak-1.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-3710];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3638 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Durcak-1.jpg\" alt=\"Durcak-1\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Durcak-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Durcak-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Durcak-1-768x576.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/600;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 1. Reofiln\u00ed druhy ryb nejsou schopny dlouhodob\u011b p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvat nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 podm\u00ednky v\u00a0izolovan\u00fdch t\u016fn\u00edch; potok Kameni\u010dn\u00e1 (fotografie: M. Straka, 13. 8. 2015)<br \/>\nFig. 1. The fish reofilic species are unable to survive the long-term adverse conditions in isolated pools; Kameni\u010dn\u00e1 stream (photo: M. Straka, 13. 8. 2015)<\/h6>\n<p>P\u0159i vysych\u00e1n\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zm\u011bn\u00e1m podm\u00ednek ve vodn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou postupn\u011b v\u00e9st a\u017e ke stavu, kdy se pro vodn\u00ed organismy st\u00e1v\u00e1 neobyvateln\u00fdm. Na \u00fa\u010dinky sucha reaguj\u00ed dv\u011bma nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby \u2013 resistenc\u00ed a\u00a0resilienc\u00ed. Resistenc\u00ed je my\u0161lena schopnost odol\u00e1vat nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m nap\u0159. ve form\u011b semen, spor, odoln\u00fdch vaj\u00ed\u010dek apod. Resilienc\u00ed pak schopnost vr\u00e1tit se na dan\u00fd biotop po zlep\u0161en\u00ed nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00edch podm\u00ednek. V\u011bt\u0161ina vodn\u00edch organism\u016f jako reakci na sucho vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kombinaci obou t\u011bchto schopnost\u00ed [4]. P\u0159i p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm suchu doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0oslabov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdznamu resistence a\u00a0resilience se st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le v\u00edce d\u016fle\u017eitou.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00fdsledky \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdstupy \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed d\u00edl\u010d\u00edho \u00fakolu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><em>Hodnocen\u00ed stavu vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f podle vybran\u00fdch biologick\u00fdch slo\u017eek\u00a0<\/em>\u2013 pro anal\u00fdzu vlivu sucha v\u00a0roce 2015 na ekologick\u00fd stav vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed cel\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky byl pou\u017eit datov\u00fd soubor 3 889 vzork\u016f fytobentosu (rok odb\u011bru 2007\u20132015), 426 v\u00fdsledk\u016f sledov\u00e1n\u00ed makrofyt (2007\u20132015) a\u00a04 844 vzork\u016f makrozoobentosu (2007\u20132016).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><em>N\u00e1vrh stup\u0148\u016f ohro\u017een\u00ed suchem pro jednotliv\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed Natura 2000<\/em>\u2008<em>s\u00a0vazbou na vodu \u2013\u00a0<\/em>byl proveden n\u00e1vrh stup\u0148\u016f relativn\u00edho ohro\u017een\u00ed hydrologick\u00fdm suchem pro jednotliv\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed Natura 2000\u2008s\u00a0vazbou na vodu se zohledn\u011bn\u00edm \u017eivotn\u00edch n\u00e1rok\u016f pro jednotliv\u00e9 druhy \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, k\u00a0jejich\u017e ochran\u011b byly vymezeny, typ\u016f lokalit, kde se tito \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed vyskytuj\u00ed, a\u00a0zohledn\u011bn\u00edm regionalizace rizika vysych\u00e1n\u00ed drobn\u00fdch vodn\u00edch tok\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><em>Anal\u00fdza rizik spojen\u00fdch s\u00a0v\u00fdskytem sucha pro vybran\u00e9 skupiny vodn\u00edch organism\u016f \u2013\u00a0<\/em>anal\u00fdza byla zam\u011b\u0159ena na druhov\u00e9 vlastnosti taxon\u016f makrozoobentosu a\u00a0makrofyt se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm z\u0159etelem na druhy uveden\u00e9 v\u00a0\u010derven\u00e9m seznamu [5, 6] a\u00a0druhy zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 podle vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky \u010d. 395\/1992 Sb. a\u00a0p\u0159edstavuje uk\u00e1zku mo\u017en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed citlivosti druh\u016f v\u016f\u010di vysych\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u00e1le byla zpracov\u00e1na anal\u00fdza druhov\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch druh\u016f mihul\u00ed a\u00a0ryb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><em>Vliv sucha na jednotliv\u00e9 slo\u017eky a\u00a0ukazatele hodnocen\u00ed stavu vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f jako prost\u0159edku pro hodnocen\u00ed kvality vodn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f ve smyslu sm\u011brnice 2000\/60\/ES\u00a0<\/em>\u2013 re\u0161er\u0161e byla orientov\u00e1na na popis potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch vliv\u016f sucha na jednotliv\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 slo\u017eky podle sm\u011brnice 2000\/60\/ES, popis vlivu sucha na zm\u011bny habitatov\u00e9 diverzity v\u00a0tekouc\u00edch vod\u00e1ch, popis vlivu zm\u011bn vybran\u00fdch parametr\u016f (teplota vody, nasycen\u00ed kysl\u00edkem, pH a\u00a0konduktivity, pr\u016ftok) na vodn\u00ed organismy a\u00a0popis potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch vliv\u016f hydrologick\u00e9ho sucha na chemick\u00e9 a\u00a0fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b-chemick\u00e9 slo\u017eky podporuj\u00edc\u00ed biologick\u00e9 slo\u017eky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><em>Mo\u017en\u00e9 dopady vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ochrany ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f tekouc\u00edch vod \u2013\u00a0<\/em>re\u0161er\u0161e byla zam\u011b\u0159ena na vlivy vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed na jakost vody v\u00a0toc\u00edch, hydromorfologick\u00e9 charakteristiky vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a\u00a0na biologick\u00e1 spole\u010denstva v\u00a0toc\u00edch v\u010detn\u011b shrnut\u00ed hlavn\u00edch mo\u017en\u00fdch dopad\u016f na makrozoobentos, ryby a\u00a0akvatickou fl\u00f3ru.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Seznam vybran\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zadr\u017een\u00ed vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b a\u00a0jejich vliv na ekologick\u00fd stav\u00a0<\/em>\u2013 byl zpracov\u00e1n p\u0159ehled vybran\u00fdch typ\u016f opat\u0159en\u00ed pro eliminaci negativn\u00edch vliv\u016f sucha na vodn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my v\u010detn\u011b expertn\u00edho posouzen\u00ed jejich vlivu na ekologick\u00fd stav.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Shrnut\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f a\u00a0doporu\u010den\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Vlivem vysych\u00e1n\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0postupn\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b-chemick\u00fdch a\u00a0chemick\u00fdch parametr\u016f vody, kter\u00e9 se n\u00e1sledn\u011b mohou projevit i\u00a0na o\u017eiven\u00ed vod. Vlivem zmen\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho se celkov\u00e9ho objemu vody doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch l\u00e1tek (nap\u0159. amoniak\u00e1ln\u00edho dus\u00edku, rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, sol\u00ed atd.), naopak koncentrace rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho kysl\u00edku ve vod\u011b kles\u00e1 (p\u0159i mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 fotosyntetick\u00e9 aktivit\u011b \u0159asov\u00fdch n\u00e1rost\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u011bhem dne doch\u00e1zet k\u00a0do\u010dasn\u00e9mu zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed). Doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0\u00fabytku dostupn\u00fdch habitat\u016f a\u00a0k\u00a0prostorov\u00e9 izolaci refugi\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Ve stojat\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch, obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0m\u011bl\u010d\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch, \u010dasto doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0rozvoji vodn\u00edho kv\u011btu. K\u00a0rozvoji vodn\u00edho kv\u011btu nemus\u00ed doj\u00edt v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, pokud je n\u00e1dr\u017e dotov\u00e1na vodou nezat\u00ed\u017eenou \u017eivinami a\u00a0pokud nem\u00e1 vnit\u0159n\u00ed zdroje \u017eivin v\u00a0sedimentu. Z\u00a0hlediska vztahu fytoplankton-makrofyta m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sucho spou\u0161t\u011b\u010dem zm\u011bny alternativn\u00edho stabiln\u00edho stavu v\u00a0m\u011blk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch sm\u011brem k\u00a0dominanci fytoplanktonu i\u00a0obr\u00e1cen\u011b sm\u011brem k\u00a0dominanci makrofyt. V\u011bt\u0161ina taxon\u016f makrozoobentosu stojat\u00fdch vod je schopna relativn\u011b dob\u0159e se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s\u00a0d\u016fsledky obdob\u00ed sucha, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1stupci dokonce vy\u017eaduj\u00ed alespo\u0148 kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 vyschnut\u00ed pro dokon\u010den\u00ed sv\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje, to se v\u0161ak t\u00fdk\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na taxon\u016f ob\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch periodick\u00e9 t\u016fn\u011b. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teploty a\u00a0sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed obsahu kysl\u00edku ve vod\u011b se negativn\u011b projevuje na ryb\u00edch populac\u00edch (<em>obr. 1<\/em>). Tento negativn\u00ed vliv se nejv\u00edce projevuje na m\u011blk\u00fdch um\u011ble vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch (habitatov\u011b jednotv\u00e1rn\u00fdch) produk\u010dn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Durcak-2.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-3710];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3639 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Durcak-2.jpg\" alt=\"Durcak-2\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Durcak-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Durcak-2-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Durcak-2-768x550.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/573;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 2. Vyschl\u00e9 koryto potoku Luha u\u00a0Vl\u010d\u00ed sk\u00e1ly; Moravsk\u00fd kras (fotografie: D. N\u011bmejcov\u00e1, 29. 7. 2015)<br \/>\nFig. 2. The dry riverbed of Luha stream; Moravsk\u00fd kras (photo: D. N\u011bmejcov\u00e1, 29. 7. 2015)<\/h6>\n<p>V\u00a0tekouc\u00edch vod\u00e1ch doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i vyschnut\u00ed (<em>obr. 2<\/em>) k\u00a0vymizen\u00ed n\u00e1rost\u016f biofilm\u016f a\u00a0\u0159as, ale po znovuzaplaven\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed velice rychle k\u00a0jejich obnov\u011b. Jednotliv\u00e9 druhy makrozoobentosu jsou k\u00a0vysych\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u011b citliv\u00e9, z\u00a0vodn\u00edho hmyzu jsou obecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1stupci jepic, po\u0161vatek a\u00a0chrost\u00edk\u016f, zat\u00edmco z\u00e1stupci brouk\u016f nebo plo\u0161tic pat\u0159\u00ed mezi relativn\u011b odoln\u00e9 skupiny. Pro vodn\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichy, zejm\u00e9na pro ryby a\u00a0permanentn\u00ed slo\u017eku makrozooobentosu v\u00a0tekouc\u00edch vod\u00e1ch je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 migra\u010dn\u00ed prostupnost, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1sti populace nal\u00e9zt refugia, ve kter\u00fdch mohou p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 obdob\u00ed (nap\u0159. zbytkov\u00e9 t\u016fn\u011b \u2013 viz\u00a0<em>obr. 3<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Durcak-3.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-3710];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"603\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3640 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Durcak-3.jpg\" alt=\"Durcak-3\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Durcak-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Durcak-3-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Durcak-3-768x579.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/603;\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h6>Obr. 3. Zbytkov\u00e9 t\u016fn\u011b; potok Luha u\u00a0Vl\u010d\u00ed sk\u00e1ly, Moravsk\u00fd kras (fotografie: D. N\u011bmejcov\u00e1, 29. 7. 2015)<br \/>\nFig. 3. Residual pools; Luha stream near Vl\u010d\u00ed sk\u00e1la, Moravsk\u00fd kras (photo: D. N\u011bmejcov\u00e1, 29. 7. 2015)<\/h6>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edtomnost refugi\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm parametrem pro resistenci a\u00a0resilienci bioty t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech typech prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Ta je ve stojat\u00fdch i\u00a0tekouc\u00edch vod\u00e1ch zaji\u0161t\u011bna p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dostate\u010dn\u011b hustou mozaikou biotop\u016f a\u00a0pestrou morfologi\u00ed, tj.\u00a0st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed pe\u0159ej\u00ed a\u00a0t\u016fn\u00ed, p\u0159irozen\u00fd sedimenta\u010dn\u011b-erozn\u00ed re\u017eim s\u00a0prostupnost\u00ed do hlub\u0161\u00edch vrstev dna (hypore\u00e1lu), p\u0159irozen\u00fd vegeta\u010dn\u00ed kryt tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed st\u00edn a\u00a0\u00fakryty. \u00dabytek p\u0159irozen\u00fdch stanovi\u0161\u0165, stejn\u011b jako nep\u0159irozen\u00e1 morfologie b\u0159eh\u016f a\u00a0dna tekouc\u00edch i\u00a0stojat\u00fdch vod v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje citlivost ekosyst\u00e9mu v\u016f\u010di vysych\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00a0tohoto hlediska jsou pro stabilitu ekosyst\u00e9mu v\u00a0oblastech, kter\u00e9 b\u00fdvaj\u00ed posti\u017eeny suchem, d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 revitaliza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na zlep\u0161en\u00ed hydromorfologick\u00e9ho stavu vodn\u00edch tok\u016f v\u010detn\u011b nivy. Zlep\u0161en\u00ed hydromorfologick\u00e9ho stavu antropogenn\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch vodn\u00edch tok\u016f je mo\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout zejm\u00e9na p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzkou \u00fapravou koryta a\u00a0b\u0159eh\u016f, vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm refugi\u00ed a\u00a0odstran\u011bn\u00edm migra\u010dn\u00edch bari\u00e9r, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek typu jez\u016f a\u00a0hr\u00e1z\u00ed. Nanejv\u00fd\u0161 vhodn\u00e9 je vyu\u017eit\u00ed renatura\u010dn\u00edch proces\u016f (nap\u0159. zm\u011bna koryta n\u00e1sledkem povodn\u00ed po povod\u0148ov\u00e9m pr\u016ftoku). Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed revitalizace\/renaturace koryta tok\u016f mus\u00ed b\u00fdt i\u00a0bl\u00edzk\u00e9 okol\u00ed (p\u0159\u00edb\u0159e\u017en\u00ed z\u00f3na, niva). P\u0159irozen\u00e1 stromov\u00e1, pop\u0159. ke\u0159ov\u00e1, vegetace st\u00edn\u00ed volnou vodn\u00ed hladinu a\u00a0podporuje vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00edho mikroklima a\u00a0tlum\u00ed denn\u00ed teplotn\u00ed extr\u00e9my.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0\u0159ady navrhovan\u00fdch adapta\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed na omezen\u00ed negativn\u00edch dopad\u016f sucha je \u010dasto i\u00a0v\u00fdstavba a\u00a0obnova vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na mal\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. Um\u011bl\u00e9 vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za jeden z\u00a0nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch negativn\u00edch typ\u016f lidsk\u00e9ho ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed fluvi\u00e1ln\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f. Mimo z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bny vlastn\u00edho zaplaven\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed, kde zanikaj\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00ed biotopy a\u00a0vznikaj\u00ed biotopy s\u00a0lenitick\u00fdm charakterem (stojat\u00e9 vody), ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee z\u00e1va\u017en\u011b i\u00a0\u00faseky tok\u016f pod z\u00e1topou a\u00a0do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry i\u00a0nad n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1dr\u017ee v\u00fdznamn\u011b fragmentuj\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my \u2013 p\u0159eru\u0161uj\u00ed poproudov\u00fd transport vody a\u00a0sediment\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e z\u00a0hlediska geomorfologick\u00e9ho indukuj\u00ed po\u010detn\u00e9 odezvy v\u010detn\u011b agradace a\u00a0siltace nad hr\u00e1z\u00ed a\u00a0ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed pr\u016ftok\u016f pod hr\u00e1z\u00ed. To je prov\u00e1zeno zm\u011bnou charakteru dna, pr\u016ftokov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu a\u00a0degradac\u00ed toku pod hr\u00e1z\u00ed. N\u00e1dr\u017ee tak\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed teplotn\u00ed a\u00a0\u017eivinov\u00fd re\u017eim v\u00a0toku. V\u00a0toku vznikaj\u00ed bari\u00e9ry (hr\u00e1z, z\u00e1topa), kter\u00e9 organismy v\u011bt\u0161inou nemohou p\u0159ekonat. Uveden\u00fdmi vlivy a\u00a0vlivy souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi se z\u00e1va\u017en\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro ve\u0161kerou biotu v\u00a0toku. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zm\u011bn\u00e1m biologick\u00e9 diverzity, m\u011bn\u00ed se druhov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed, nam\u00edsto citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f (specialist\u016f) nastupuj\u00ed druhy odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed (generalist\u00e9, v\u010detn\u011b druh\u016f nep\u016fvodn\u00edch). Zm\u011bny v\u00a0taxonomick\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou zm\u011bn funk\u010dn\u00edch. Nejn\u00e1padn\u011bji se zm\u011bny projevuj\u00ed na vodn\u00edch bezobratl\u00fdch, co\u017e je skupina nejl\u00e9pe indikuj\u00edc\u00ed zm\u011bny v\u00a0tekouc\u00edch vod\u00e1ch a\u00a0kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed, na rozd\u00edl od ryb, c\u00edlen\u011b \u010dlov\u011bkem ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1na.<\/p>\n<p>Zm\u011bny ve slo\u017een\u00ed bioty vyvolan\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00edm n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed nejsou v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 jen z\u00a0hlediska ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody, ale \u2013 a\u00a0to zejm\u00e9na \u2013 z\u00a0hlediska odolnosti ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f k\u00a0jejich naru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0tedy i\u00a0sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed poskytovan\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. V\u00fdznam t\u011bchto slu\u017eeb je aktu\u00e1ln\u011b doce\u0148ov\u00e1n v\u00a0d\u016fsledku projev\u016f glob\u00e1ln\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny. Ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby mohou b\u00fdt poskytov\u00e1ny tzv. zdrav\u00fdmi toky, tedy t\u011bmi, jejich\u017e stav je p\u0159irozen\u00fd nebo p\u0159irozen\u00e9mu bl\u00edzk\u00fd. Degradovan\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my poskytuj\u00ed tyto slu\u017eby omezen\u011b nebo v\u016fbec. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl mal\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0povod\u00ed m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 za n\u00e1sledek zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko vysych\u00e1n\u00ed drobn\u00fdch vodn\u00edch tok\u016f se v\u0161emi d\u016fsledky pro biotu. V\u00fdstavba a\u00a0obnova mal\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed na toc\u00edch (zejm\u00e9na rybochovn\u00fdch) by nem\u011bla b\u00fdt, a\u00a0to z\u00a0hlediska jejich negativn\u00edho vlivu na biologick\u00e9 slo\u017eky ekologick\u00e9ho stavu, podporovan\u00fdm opat\u0159en\u00edm v\u00a0boji proti suchu.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu BIOSUCHO (TA02020395) [7] byla vytvo\u0159ena Metodika retrospektivn\u00ed bioindikace vyschnut\u00ed toku, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje zp\u011btn\u011b indikovat epizody vyschnut\u00ed tok\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdzy taxonomick\u00e9ho a\u00a0funk\u010dn\u00edho slo\u017een\u00ed vzork\u016f makrozoobentosu (vodn\u00ed bezobratl\u00ed). Metodika by mohla b\u00fdt vyu\u017eita pro hodnocen\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nosti opat\u0159en\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch k\u00a0omezen\u00ed negativn\u00edch dopad\u016f sucha na vodn\u00ed toky.<\/p>\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdzy dat a\u00a0z\u00edskan\u00fdch znalost\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu BIOSUCHO bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee vyschnut\u00ed toku, tj. p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed kontinuity vodn\u00ed hladiny, m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat p\u0159i n\u00e1sledn\u00e9m hodnocen\u00ed ekologick\u00e9ho stavu vodn\u00edho \u00fatvaru na reprezentativn\u00edm profilu pokles hodnoty ekologick\u00e9ho kvalitativn\u00edho pom\u011bru multimetrick\u00e9ho indexu (EQR MMI) makrozoobentosu a\u00a0zp\u016fsobit i\u00a0nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd posun v\u00a0klasifikaci ekologick\u00e9ho stavu.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1vislost v\u00fdsledk\u016f hodnot EQR MMI makrozoobentosu a\u00a0hodnot diskrimina\u010dn\u00edho sk\u00f3re indexu BIOSUCHO je patrn\u00e1 z\u00a0<em>obr. 4<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 \u010d\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je pravd\u011bpodobnost v\u00fdskytu sucha na lokalit\u011b, t\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed je hodnota EQR MMI.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0oblastech s\u00a0rizikem vysych\u00e1n\u00ed tok\u016f (tyto oblasti je mo\u017en\u00e9 identifikovat na z\u00e1klad\u011b Mapy rizika vysych\u00e1n\u00ed drobn\u00fdch vodn\u00edch tok\u016f [7]) navrhujeme vyu\u017e\u00edvat v\u00fdpo\u010det indexu BIOSUCHO podle metodiky retrospektivn\u00ed bioindikace vyschnut\u00ed toku, jako dopl\u0148kov\u00e9 k\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed ekologick\u00e9ho stavu. Pokud bude tok podle vzorku vyhodnocen, \u017ee byl ohro\u017een vyschnut\u00edm anebo vyschl, bylo by vhodn\u00e9 toto uv\u00e9st do v\u00fdsledk\u016f hodnocen\u00ed dat a\u00a0spr\u00e1vce povod\u00ed tak z\u00edsk\u00e1 informaci o\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9m riziku nedosa\u017een\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho ekologick\u00e9ho stavu.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f doporu\u010dujeme pro zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sucha v\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e vyu\u017e\u00edt:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>plo\u0161n\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed vedouc\u00ed k\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed retenci vody v\u00a0povod\u00edch (zm\u011bny hospoda\u0159en\u00ed na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch a\u00a0lesnick\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch, obnova mok\u0159ad\u016f a\u00a0prameni\u0161\u0165 atd.) a\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u011b<\/li>\n<li>opat\u0159en\u00ed vedouc\u00ed k\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed prostupnosti a\u00a0diverzit\u011b vodn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed (revitalizace a\u00a0renaturace vodn\u00edch tok\u016f, odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek v\u00a0toku \u010di obnova later\u00e1ln\u00edch vodn\u00edch biotop\u016f, tedy po\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch t\u016fn\u00ed, mok\u0159ad\u016f, podm\u00e1\u010den\u00fdch ploch \u010di pramenn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Nejistoty st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Dopady sucha v\u00a0\u00fatvarech povrchov\u00fdch vod na vodn\u00ed a\u00a0vodu v\u00e1zan\u00e9 organismy nebyly na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky nijak intenzivn\u011b studov\u00e1ny a\u00a0ve st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9m prostoru existuje pouze omezen\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed prac\u00ed zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch se systematicky touto tematikou.<\/p>\n<p>Obecn\u00e9 vlivy dopad\u016f sucha na vodn\u00ed organismy, na hydromorfologii a\u00a0fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b-chemick\u00e9 a\u00a0chemick\u00e9 parametry vodn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f jsou r\u00e1mcov\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 a\u00a0jsou zdokumentov\u00e1ny a\u00a0publikov\u00e1ny. Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed datov\u00e9 zdroje k\u00a0dopad\u016fm sucha jsou v\u0161ak t\u011b\u017eko dostupn\u00e9 a\u00a0maj\u00ed mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch omezen\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi zdroji informac\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00fdch na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky jsou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm data z\u00a0Programu monitoringu povrchov\u00fdch vod, data z\u00a0mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho monitoringu v\u00a0such\u00e9m roce 2015 st\u00e1tn\u00edho podniku Povod\u00ed Vltavy a\u00a0v\u00fdsledky projektu BIOSUCHO (TA02020395).<\/p>\n<p>Data z\u00a0Programu monitoringu povrchov\u00fdch vod umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed nahl\u00e9dnut\u00ed na v\u00fdvoj ekologick\u00e9ho stavu vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f v\u00a0such\u00fdch letech, ale je t\u0159eba vytvo\u0159it dostate\u010dn\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd a\u00a0finan\u010dn\u00ed prostor, kter\u00fd umo\u017en\u00ed detailn\u00ed statistickou anal\u00fdzu dat ekologick\u00e9ho stavu (biologick\u00fdch slo\u017eek a\u00a0jejich podp\u016frn\u00fdch parametr\u016f).<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00a0opat\u0159en\u00ed pro eliminaci negativn\u00edch vliv\u016f sucha na vodn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my je v\u00a0literatu\u0159e relativn\u011b dob\u0159e podlo\u017een velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam revitalizac\u00ed\/renaturac\u00ed vodn\u00edch tok\u016f pro odolnost ekosyst\u00e9mu v\u016f\u010di suchu jak v\u00a0Evrop\u011b, tak i\u00a0na jin\u00fdch kontinentech (Austr\u00e1lie, Afrika, Severn\u00ed Amerika). Vliv revitaliza\u010dn\u00edch a\u00a0renatura\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro eliminaci negativn\u00edch vliv\u016f sucha na biologick\u00e9 slo\u017eky\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed ekologick\u00e9ho stavu, zejm\u00e9na kvantifikace pozitivn\u00edho efektu t\u011bchto opat\u0159en\u00ed na biologick\u00e9 slo\u017eky, dosud na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky b\u011b\u017en\u011b zkoum\u00e1n a\u00a0hodnocen nen\u00ed. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed d\u00edl\u010d\u00edho \u00fakolu jsme se pot\u00fdkali s\u00a0nedostatkem konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch dat, kter\u00e1 bychom mohli pou\u017e\u00edt pro podporu re\u0161er\u0161n\u00edch v\u00fdstup\u016f. Dostate\u010dn\u011b tak\u00e9 nejsou dokumentov\u00e1ny samo\u010dist\u00edc\u00ed procesy, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0na\u0161ich toc\u00edch (a\u00a0jejich dn\u011b) v\u00a0obdob\u00ed sucha prob\u00edhaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Durcak-4.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-3710];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"529\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3641 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Durcak-4.jpg\" alt=\"Durcak-4\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Durcak-4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Durcak-4-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Durcak-4-768x508.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/529;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 4. Z\u00e1vislost hodnot EQR MMI (v\u00a0grafu ozna\u010deno EQR) a\u00a0hodnot diskrimina\u010dn\u00edho sk\u00f3re indexu BIOSUCHO (v\u00a0grafu ozna\u010deno gradient vysychavosti) v\u00a0sezon\u011b JARO; hodnota gradientu vysychavosti stoup\u00e1 s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed v\u00fdskytu sucha v\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00edm obdob\u00ed<br \/>\nFig. 4. The dependence of the EQR MMI values (EQR in the chart) and the BIOSUCHO discriminatory score values (in graph \u2013 gradient of desiccation) in the SPRING season; the discriminatory score value raises with higher probability of dry phase occurence in previous period<\/h6>\n<p>Negativn\u00ed vlivy vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed na ekosyst\u00e9m tekouc\u00edch vod jsou pops\u00e1ny v\u00a0odborn\u00e9 literatu\u0159e a\u00a0jsou dokumentov\u00e1ny. Datov\u00fdch podklad\u016f, kter\u00e9 dokumentuj\u00ed vliv jednotliv\u00fdch typ\u016f mal\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed na biotu tekouc\u00edch vod v\u00a0obdob\u00ed sucha, je k\u00a0dispozici\u00a0z\u00a0Programu monitoringu povrchov\u00fdch vod pom\u011brn\u011b m\u00e1lo anebo pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 typy mal\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b chyb\u00ed. V\u00fdzkum vlivu mal\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed na vodn\u00ed a\u00a0vodu v\u00e1zan\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my v\u010detn\u011b bioty v\u00a0obdob\u00ed sucha by m\u011bl b\u00fdt \u00fa\u010delov\u011b podpo\u0159en. Data, kter\u00e1 jsou ji\u017e k\u00a0dispozici, by m\u011bla b\u00fdt podrobena detailn\u00ed anal\u00fdze s\u00a0ohledem na biotu a\u00a0na procesy v\u00a0toku prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Plo\u0161n\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 \u010di lesnick\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b a\u00a0jejich v\u00fdznam pro vodn\u00ed faunu a\u00a0fl\u00f3ru lze hodnotit v\u011bt\u0161inou jen odborn\u00fdm odhadem, proto\u017ee na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky chyb\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti s\u00a0jejich vlivem. Monitorovac\u00ed profily Programu monitoringu povrchov\u00fdch vod se v\u00a0dostate\u010dn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti plo\u0161n\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 \u010di lesnick\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b nevyskytuj\u00ed, anebo na nich nejsou monitorov\u00e1ny biologick\u00e9 slo\u017eky, proto nejsou k\u00a0dispozici relevantn\u00ed data. I\u00a0v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b doporu\u010dujeme formou \u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 podpory podpo\u0159it komplexn\u00ed monitoring bioty, kvality vod, a\u00a0to v\u010detn\u011b re\u017eimu transportu sediment\u016f a\u00a0hydrologick\u00fdch parametr\u016f p\u0159ed realizac\u00ed plo\u0161n\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00fdch intervalech po jejich realizaci (1\u00a0rok, 3\u20135 a\u00a010\u00a0let).<\/p>\n<p>Pot\u0159eba dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu vlivu sucha na vodn\u00ed a\u00a0vodu v\u00e1zan\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my je z\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho z\u0159ejm\u00e1. Je t\u0159eba l\u00e9pe pochopit dopady sucha a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 procesy v\u00a0suchem posti\u017een\u00e9m toku a\u00a0jeho povod\u00ed (typy bari\u00e9r, zp\u016fsoby rekolonizace, predace, samo\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, fyziologick\u00e9 zm\u011bny aj.).<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159irozen\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my disponuj\u00edc\u00ed dostatkem r\u016fznorod\u00fdch habitat\u016f a\u00a0dostate\u010dnou prostupnost\u00ed pro migruj\u00edc\u00ed organismy se dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed vyrovn\u00e1vat s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdmi epizodami sucha l\u00e9pe ne\u017e \u010dlov\u011bkem \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 um\u011bl\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 maj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 \u010di p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e9 plochy vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed schopnost zadr\u017eovat vodu, kterou v\u00a0obdob\u00edch s\u00a0nedostate\u010dn\u00fdmi sr\u00e1\u017ekami dotuj\u00ed okoln\u00ed krajinu a\u00a0vodn\u00ed toky. V\u00fdstavba technick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed jde \u010dasto proti t\u011bmto princip\u016fm a\u00a0tato opat\u0159en\u00ed znesnad\u0148uj\u00ed vodn\u00edm ekosyst\u00e9m\u016fm a\u00a0jejich obyvatel\u016fm p\u0159irozenou obnovu a\u00a0sni\u017euj\u00ed schopnost \u010delit such\u00fdm obdob\u00edm.<\/p>\n<h3>Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p><em>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vznikl v r\u00e1mci \u00fakol\u016f \u0159e\u0161en\u00fdch pro Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Within the framework of the sub-task \u201cEvaluation of the impacts of drought on aquatic and water-bound organisms in surface water bodies\u201c a project involving activities to support the state administration in the drought issue in 2016 was prepared mainly a review of the potential impacts of drought on individual elements and indicators of water status assessment.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":3640,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[881,121,795,882,791,790],"coauthors":[848,172,169,174,173,328,241],"class_list":["post-3710","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydraulics-hydrology-and-hydrogeology","tag-biological-quality-elements","tag-drought","tag-ecological-status","tag-measures","tag-water-body","tag-water-status"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3710","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3710"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3710\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30402,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3710\/revisions\/30402"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3640"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3710"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3710"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3710"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=3710"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}