{"id":3704,"date":"2017-08-10T11:37:10","date_gmt":"2017-08-10T11:37:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=3704"},"modified":"2024-07-16T12:18:35","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T11:18:35","slug":"modeling-the-effect-of-nature-related-measures-on-the-water-balance-in-the-trkmanka-basin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2017\/08\/modeling-the-effect-of-nature-related-measures-on-the-water-balance-in-the-trkmanka-basin\/","title":{"rendered":"Modelling the effect of nature-related measures on the water balance in the Trkmanka basin"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle fa-3x pull-left\"><\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Souhrn<\/h2>\n<p>Efekt p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed na hydrologickou bilanci byl modelov\u00e1n na povod\u00ed Trkmanky. Povod\u00ed se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na ji\u017en\u00ed Morav\u011b a je intenzivn\u011b zem\u011bd\u011blsky obhospoda\u0159ovan\u00e9. V r\u00e1mci projektu Strategie ochrany p\u0159ed negativn\u00edmi dopady povodn\u00ed a erozn\u00edmi jevy p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice (www.vodavkrajine.cz) na n\u011bm byl navr\u017een zna\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det komplexn\u00edch protierozn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 132 km<sup>2<\/sup>, co\u017e tvo\u0159\u00ed 43\u00a0% celkov\u00e9 plochy povod\u00ed, viz\u00a0<em>obr. 1<\/em>. Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed maj\u00ed za \u00fakol minimalizovat erozi a zvy\u0161ovat celkovou retenci povod\u00ed. C\u00edlem p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je kvantifikovat vliv navr\u017een\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed na vybran\u00e9 slo\u017eky hydrologick\u00e9 bilance pomoc\u00ed modelu Bilan a n\u00e1sledn\u011b porovnat efekt t\u011bchto opat\u0159en\u00ed s efektem p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee Terez\u00edn.<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Ilustracni-fotografie-3.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-3704];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"455\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3618 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Ilustracni-fotografie-3.jpg\" alt=\"Ilustracni-fotografie-3\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Ilustracni-fotografie-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Ilustracni-fotografie-3-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Ilustracni-fotografie-3-768x437.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/455;\" \/><\/a>\n<h2>\u00davod<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed zabra\u0148uj\u00ed erozi a tak\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed celkovou retenci vody v\u00a0povod\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch faktor\u016f utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdslednou hydrologickou bilanci povod\u00ed. Celkovou retenci vody pro dan\u00e9 povod\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed \u010dasov\u011b a prostorov\u011b prom\u011bnliv\u00e9 z\u00e1soby vody zadr\u017een\u00e9 ve sn\u011bhov\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvce, na povrchu vegeta\u010dn\u00edho pokryvu, na povrchu povod\u00ed, v nenasycen\u00e9 a nasycen\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b [1]. Jedn\u00edm ze zp\u016fsob\u016f jak vyhodnotit vliv zm\u011bny celkov\u00e9 retence\u00a0povod\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b navr\u017een\u00fdch \u010di proveden\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed je aplikace modelu hydrologick\u00e9 bilance. C\u00edlem p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je kvantifikovat vliv v\u0161ech navr\u017een\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed (v r\u00e1mci projektu Strategie ochrany p\u0159ed negativn\u00edmi dopady povodn\u00ed a erozn\u00edmi jevy p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice) na vybran\u00e9 slo\u017eky hydrologick\u00e9 bilance pomoc\u00ed modelu Bilan a n\u00e1sledn\u011b porovnat efekt t\u011bchto opat\u0159en\u00ed s efektem p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee Terez\u00edn. Ta je jednou z\u00a065 h\u00e1jen\u00fdch lokalit pro akumulaci povrchov\u00fdch vod (LAPV) uveden\u00fdch v\u00a0Generelu LAPV [2].<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-1.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-3704];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"1001\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3610 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-1.jpg\" alt=\"Kozin-1\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-1-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-1-768x961.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/1001;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 1. Oblasti s navr\u017een\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi v povod\u00ed Trkmanky<br \/>\nFig. 1. Areas with proposed nature-related measures in the Trkmanka basin<\/h6>\n<h2>Metodika<\/h2>\n<p>Pro povod\u00ed Trkmanky byl kalibrov\u00e1n model hydrologick\u00e9 bilance Bilan (bilan.vuv.cz), kter\u00fd je dlouhodob\u011b vyv\u00edjen ve V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9m \u00fastavu vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m T. G. Masaryka, v.\u00a0v.\u00a0i., d\u00e1le jen V\u00daV. V\u00edce o modelu pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dl\u00e1nek viz [3]. Kalibrace modelu prob\u011bhla na z\u00e1klad\u011b pozorovan\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek, teploty a pr\u016ftok\u016f v\u00a0m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm kroku za obdob\u00ed 1963\u20132010, data poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0datab\u00e1ze \u010cesk\u00e9ho hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu. Kapacita z\u00e1soby p\u016fdn\u00ed vlhkosti Spa [mm] je jeden z\u00a0osmi kalibrovan\u00fdch parametr\u016f a vyjad\u0159uje schopnost p\u016fdy zadr\u017eet vodu. Kdy\u017e je v\u00a0p\u016fdn\u00edm profilu zadr\u017eeno v\u00edce ne\u017e Spa [mm] vody, nast\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u016fsak (perkolace) vody z\u00a0p\u016fdy do horninov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Parametr Spa je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt jako ukazatel pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 reten\u010dn\u00ed kapacity p\u016fd v povod\u00ed. V\u00a0pr\u00e1ci\u00a0[1] jsou uvedeny regresn\u00ed vztahy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed geomorfologii povod\u00ed a\u00a0hodnotu odtokov\u00e9 k\u0159ivky\u00a0(CN) k\u00a0odhadu parametru Spa:<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-vzorce1.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-3704];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"215\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3616 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-vzorce1.jpg\" alt=\"Kozin-vzorce1\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-vzorce1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-vzorce1-300x81.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-vzorce1-768x206.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/215;\" \/><\/a>\n<p>S3 \u2013 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed retence pro III. typ p\u0159edchoz\u00edch vl\u00e1hov\u00fdch podm\u00ednek [mm],<\/p>\n<p>Dd \u2013 hustota \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b povod\u00ed [km\/km<sup>2<\/sup>],<\/p>\n<p>St \u2013 pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd sklon \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b [%].<\/p>\n<p>Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed retence vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze vztahu:<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-vzorce2.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-3704];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"215\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3617 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-vzorce2.jpg\" alt=\"Kozin-vzorce2\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-vzorce2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-vzorce2-300x81.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-vzorce2-768x206.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/215;\" \/><\/a>\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b zm\u011bny hodnoty CN (navr\u017een\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed) se p\u0159enastav\u00ed hodnota parametru Spa v\u00a0modelu Bilan. Po op\u011btovn\u00e9 simulaci s\u00a0novou hodnotou Spa lze kvantifikovat vliv opat\u0159en\u00ed na slo\u017eky hydrologick\u00e9 bilance. Celkov\u00e1 hodnota CN v povod\u00ed po navr\u017een\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed byla vypo\u010dtena v\u00e1\u017een\u00fdm pr\u016fm\u011brem p\u0159es d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed plochy.<\/p>\n<h5>Tabulka 1. Hodnoty vybran\u00fdch veli\u010din na povod\u00ed bez opat\u0159en\u00ed a s\u00a0navr\u017een\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi; CN III \u2013 hodnota pro III. typ p\u0159edchoz\u00edch vl\u00e1hov\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, S3 \u2013 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed retence pro III. typ p\u0159edchoz\u00edch vl\u00e1hov\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, Spa \u2013 kapacita z\u00e1soby p\u016fdn\u00ed vlhkosti, SW \u2013 z\u00e1soba vody v\u00a0p\u016fd\u011b, RM \u2013 modelovan\u00fd odtok<br \/>\nTable 1. Values of selected variables before and after proposed measures; CN III \u2013 curve number for the third type antecedent moisture condition (AMC), S3 \u2013 maximal retention for the third type AMC, Spa \u2013 capacity of soil moisture storage, SW \u2013 soil water content, RM \u2013 modeled runoff<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-tabulka1.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-3704];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"109\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3615 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-tabulka1.jpg\" alt=\"Kozin-tabulka1\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-tabulka1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-tabulka1-300x41.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-tabulka1-768x105.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/109;\" \/><\/a>\n<h2>V\u00fdsledky a diskuse<\/h2>\n<p>Kapacita z\u00e1soby p\u016fdn\u00ed vlhkosti (Spa) se s\u00a0navr\u017een\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed o\u00a05\u00a0mm a\u00a0z\u00e1soba vody v\u00a0p\u016fd\u011b (SW) o 3 mm. V d\u016fsledku toho poklesne celkov\u00fd odtok\u00a0(RM) z\u00a0povod\u00ed o 2\u00a0mm. V\u00fdsledky modelov\u00e1n\u00ed hydrologick\u00e9 bilance za obdob\u00ed 1963\u20132010 shrnuje\u00a0<em>tabulka 1<\/em>. Zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00edm retence se poda\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0povod\u00ed zadr\u017eet ro\u010dn\u011b v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru o 943 950\u00a0m<sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0vody v\u00edce. Toto relativn\u011b mal\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo (vzhledem k\u00a0rozsahu navr\u017een\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed) je d\u00e1no p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm n\u00edzk\u00fdm pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdm ro\u010dn\u00edm \u00fahrnem sr\u00e1\u017eek 540 mm a relativn\u011b vysok\u00fdm \u00fazemn\u00edm v\u00fdparem 498\u00a0mm. Na povod\u00ed s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brnou sr\u00e1\u017ekou by bylo mno\u017estv\u00ed zadr\u017een\u00e9 vody zcela ur\u010dit\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Na druhou stranu, pokud v\u00fdslednou hodnotu p\u0159evedeme na pr\u016ftok, dostaneme 30 l\/s, co\u017e vzhledem k minim\u00e1ln\u00edmu z\u016fstatkov\u00e9mu pr\u016ftoku (MZP) 95 l\/s nen\u00ed zanedbateln\u00e9. MZP byl vypo\u010dten podle vzorce MZP = 0,73 * Q<sub>10\u00a0<\/sub>(Q<sub>10<\/sub>\u00a0\u2013 10% kvantil z\u00a0\u0159ady m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016ftok\u016f) a odpov\u00edd\u00e1 MZP na z\u00e1klad\u011b nov\u00e9 metodiky uveden\u00e9 v\u00a0[4].<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-2.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-3704];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"406\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3611 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-2.jpg\" alt=\"Kozin-2\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-2-300x152.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-2-768x390.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/406;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 2. Ro\u010dn\u00ed chod vybran\u00fdch slo\u017eek hydrologick\u00e9 bilance v\u00a0povod\u00ed; \u010derven\u011b bez opat\u0159en\u00ed, mod\u0159e s\u00a0opat\u0159en\u00edmi; RM \u2013 modelovan\u00fd odtok, BF \u2013 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed odtok, SW \u2013 z\u00e1soba vody v\u00a0p\u016fd\u011b, GS \u2013 z\u00e1soba podzemn\u00ed vody, RC \u2013 dotace podzemn\u00ed vody<br \/>\nFig. 2. Seasonal variation of selected variables of hydrological balance; before (red) and after (blue) proposed measures; RM \u2013 modeled runoff, BF \u2013 baseflow, SW \u2013 soil water storage, GS \u2013 ground water storage, RC \u2013 recharge of ground water<\/h6>\n<p><em>Tabulku 1<\/em>\u00a0dopl\u0148uj\u00ed grafy na\u00a0<em>obr. 2<\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<em>3<\/em>. Ro\u010dn\u00ed chod vybran\u00fdch slo\u017eek hydrologick\u00e9 bilance se v\u00a0podstat\u011b nem\u011bn\u00ed. V\u00a0d\u016fsledku navr\u017een\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1soby vody v\u00a0p\u016fd\u011b (SW), ostatn\u00ed slo\u017eky hydrologick\u00e9 bilance vykazuj\u00ed pokles. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00a0tomto konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dotace podzemn\u00edch vod v\u00a0zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch a t\u00edm i k\u00a0poklesu z\u00e1sob podzemn\u00ed vody. To pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b souvis\u00ed s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00edce vody se udr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0p\u016fd\u011b, a ta je n\u00e1sledn\u011b vyu\u017eita rostlinami ve vegeta\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Deficitn\u00ed objemy byly po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1ny na z\u00e1klad\u011b prahov\u00e9ho pr\u016ftoku, kter\u00fd byl d\u00e1n MZP vypo\u010dten\u00fdm podle vzorce MZP\u00a0=\u00a00,73 * Q<sub>10<\/sub>\u00a0(Q<sub>10<\/sub>\u00a0\u2013 10% kvantil z\u00a0\u0159ady m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016ftok\u016f), kter\u00fd odpov\u00edd\u00e1 MZP na z\u00e1klad\u011b nov\u00e9 metodiky uveden\u00e9 v\u00a0[4]. K\u00a0v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016fm byly pou\u017eity m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016ftoky za obdob\u00ed 1963\u20132010. Anal\u00fdza deficitn\u00edch objem\u016f uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee se po navr\u017een\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00edch zv\u00fd\u0161ila \u010detnost, velikost i doba trv\u00e1n\u00ed deficitn\u00edch objem\u016f, viz\u00a0<em>obr. 4<\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<em>5<\/em>. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 hodnota deficitu se nezm\u011bnila, naopak pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 d\u00e9lka deficitn\u00edho obdob\u00ed lehce klesla. Z\u00a0hlediska mno\u017estv\u00ed vody ve vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch se tedy proveden\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed projevuj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e negativn\u011b. Pokles mno\u017estv\u00ed vody ve vodote\u010di je na \u00fakor zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed vody zadr\u017een\u00e9ho v\u00a0p\u016fd\u011b, tj. zlep\u0161en\u00ed podm\u00ednek pro vegetaci.<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-3.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-3704];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"306\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3612 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-3.jpg\" alt=\"Kozin-3\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-3-300x115.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-3-768x294.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/306;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 3. Relativn\u00ed zm\u011bna slo\u017eek hydrologick\u00e9 bilance po navr\u017een\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00edch; RM \u2013 modelovan\u00fd odtok, BF \u2013 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed odtok, SW \u2013 z\u00e1soba vody v p\u016fd\u011b, GS \u2013 z\u00e1soba podzemn\u00ed vody, RC \u2013 dotace podzemn\u00ed vody<br \/>\nFig. 3. Relative change of hydrological variables after proposed measures; RM \u2013 modeled runoff, BF \u2013 baseflow, SW \u2013 soil water storage, GS \u2013 ground water storage, RC \u2013 recharge of ground water<\/h6>\n<p>V\u00a0povod\u00ed Trkmanky se tak\u00e9 nal\u00e9z\u00e1 LAPV Terez\u00edn s\u00a0celkov\u00fdm potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm objemem 5,6 mil. m<sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0a zatopenou plochou 316 ha. Pro tuto n\u00e1dr\u017e m\u016f\u017eeme o\u010dek\u00e1vat nadlep\u0161en\u00fd pr\u016ftok 149 l\/s s\u00a095% zabezpe\u010denost\u00ed, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u011b v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru 4,7 mil. m<sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0vody. V\u00fdsledky poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0projektu Mo\u017enosti kompenzace negativn\u00edch dopad\u016f klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny na z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed vodou a ekosyst\u00e9my vyu\u017eit\u00edm lokalit vhodn\u00fdch pro akumulaci povrchov\u00fdch vod, viz www.lapv.vuv.cz. Pro v\u00fdpo\u010det byl pou\u017eit model WATERES (github.com\/tgmwri\/wateres), kter\u00fd je vyv\u00edjen v\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu. MZP pod n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed je vypo\u010dten podle [3] 48 l\/s, tedy v\u00a0obdob\u00edch sucha by je\u0161t\u011b zb\u00fdvalo 100 l\/s, nap\u0159. pro z\u00e1vlahy, co\u017e je v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru 3kr\u00e1t v\u00edce, ne\u017e mohou poskytnout navr\u017een\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00a0p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku je navr\u017een mo\u017en\u00fd postup kvantifikace vlivu p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed na slo\u017eky hydrologick\u00e9 bilance. Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee na povod\u00ed Trkmanky by navr\u017een\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, proveden\u00e1 na 43 % celkov\u00e9 plochy povod\u00ed, pomohla zadr\u017eet v pr\u016fm\u011bru za rok o 943 950 m<sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0v\u00edce vody v p\u016fd\u011b. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed celkov\u00e9 retence je ale na \u00fakor celkov\u00e9ho odtoku z\u00a0povod\u00ed a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b by se zv\u00fd\u0161ila \u010detnost, velikost a trv\u00e1n\u00ed deficitn\u00edch objem\u016f. Na povod\u00edch tohoto typu, kde se vyskytuje n\u00edzk\u00fd \u00fahrn sr\u00e1\u017eek a pom\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00fd v\u00fdpar, se jev\u00ed smyslupln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u011blat p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed eroze a zlep\u0161en\u00ed kvality p\u016fdy ne\u017e za \u00fa\u010delem zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed celkov\u00e9 retence. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b postaven\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee Terez\u00edn lze dod\u00e1vat v\u00a0such\u00fdch obdob\u00edch a\u017e 100\u00a0l\/s (MZP je cca 50 l\/s), co\u017e je v\u00a0p\u0159epo\u010dtu 3\u00a0153 600 m<sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0za rok.<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-4.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-3704];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"306\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3613 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-4.jpg\" alt=\"Kozin-4\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-4-300x115.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-4-768x294.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/306;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 4. Hodnoty deficitn\u00edch objem\u016f \u2013 bez (bez) a s (opa) navr\u017een\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi; zelen\u011b zobrazen pr\u016fm\u011br<br \/>\nFig. 4. Deficit volumes in the basin before (bez) and after (opa) measures; green dots represent mean<\/h6>\n<p>N\u00e1dr\u017e v intenzivn\u011b obhospoda\u0159ovan\u00e9m povod\u00ed se ov\u0161em neobejde bez rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch protierozn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed a zm\u011bny agrotechnick\u00fdch postup\u016f v jej\u00edm povod\u00ed, kter\u00e9 redukuj\u00ed odnos p\u016fdy a jej\u00ed akumulaci v n\u00e1dr\u017ei, co\u017e by m\u011blo za n\u00e1sledek zan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a zmen\u0161en\u00ed akumula\u010dn\u00edho prostoru.<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-5.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-3704];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"303\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3614 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-5.jpg\" alt=\"Kozin-5\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-5.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-5-300x114.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Kozin-5-768x291.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/303;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 5. D\u00e9lka trv\u00e1n\u00ed deficitn\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed \u2013 bez opat\u0159en\u00ed (bez) a s navr\u017een\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi (opa); zelen\u011b zobrazen pr\u016fm\u011br<br \/>\nFig. 5. Duration of drought event \u2013 before measures (bez) and after proposed measures (opa); green dots represent mean<\/h6>\n<h3>Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p><em>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek vznikl v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed\u00a0\u00fakolu \u010cinnosti k\u00a0podpo\u0159e v\u00fdkonu st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy v\u00a0problematice sucho v\u00a0roce 2016\u00a0a projektu Mo\u017enosti kompenzace negativn\u00edch dopad\u016f klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny na z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed vodou a\u00a0ekosyst\u00e9my vyu\u017eit\u00edm lokalit vhodn\u00fdch pro akumulaci povrchov\u00fdch vod (TA04020501), kter\u00fd je spolufinancov\u00e1n Technologickou agenturou \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The effect of nature-related measures on the water balance was modeled in the Trkmanka basin. The basin is located in the Moravia, south-east region of the Czech Republic.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":3618,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[875,876,870,95],"coauthors":[29,607,846],"class_list":["post-3704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydraulics-hydrology-and-hydrogeology","tag-nature-related-measures","tag-retention","tag-water-balance","tag-water-reservoir"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3704","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3704"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3704\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30405,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3704\/revisions\/30405"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3618"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3704"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3704"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3704"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=3704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}