{"id":3538,"date":"2017-06-12T08:35:54","date_gmt":"2017-06-12T08:35:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=3538"},"modified":"2024-07-16T12:06:05","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T11:06:05","slug":"the-oldest-in-paper-form-documented-use-of-water-power-in-bohemia-at-the-uneticky-brook","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2017\/06\/the-oldest-in-paper-form-documented-use-of-water-power-in-bohemia-at-the-uneticky-brook\/","title":{"rendered":"The oldest in paper form documented use of water power in Bohemia at the \u00dan\u011btick\u00fd brook"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek je prvn\u00edm z\u00a0chystan\u00e9 \u0159ady tematicky obdobn\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f \u2013 autor by r\u00e1d \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e sezn\u00e1mil s\u00a0nejstar\u0161\u00edmi zaznamenan\u00fdmi zpr\u00e1vami o\u00a0vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed energie vodn\u00edch tok\u016f v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch v\u00a0obdob\u00ed ran\u00e9ho st\u0159edov\u011bku. V\u00a0tomto prvn\u00edm, z\u00a0chystan\u00e9 \u0159ady, se pokus\u00edme oz\u0159ejmit jak dochovan\u00e9 p\u00edsemn\u00e9 prameny, tak i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed okolnosti maj\u00edc\u00ed souvislost s\u00a0ji\u017e neexistuj\u00edc\u00edm vodn\u00edm ml\u00fdnem v\u00a0\u00dan\u011btic\u00edch<\/em>. Ve V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9m \u00fastavu vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m se pom\u011brn\u011b d\u00e1vno (17. 6. 2013) konal historicko-popul\u00e1rn\u00ed semin\u00e1\u01591<\/sup> s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem \u201ePrvn\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u011b dolo\u017een\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00ed energie v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch v\u00a0ran\u00e9m st\u0159edov\u011bku \u2013 vodn\u00ed ml\u00fdn v\u00a0\u00dan\u011btic\u00edch<\/em>\u201c. Od t\u00e9 doby se autor t\u00e9matu v\u011bnoval pouze okrajov\u011b, poda\u0159ilo se mu v\u0161ak b\u011bhem \u0159ady let shrom\u00e1\u017edit dal\u0161\u00ed podklady, nap\u0159. n\u011bkter\u00e9 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 historick\u00e9 studie, p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky a\u00a0monografie \u2013 ve kter\u00fdch se p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00ed auto\u0159i v\u011bnovali problematice ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch ml\u00fdn\u016f (i\u00a0kdy\u017e mnohdy jen okrajov\u011b \/jejich pozornost byla sp\u00ed\u0161e zam\u011b\u0159ena na \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b souvisej\u00edc\u00ed, \u010di dokonce v\u011bcn\u011b zcela odli\u0161nou problematiku\/).<\/p>\n

Lokalita \u00dan\u011btice<\/h2>\n

\u00dan\u011btice<\/em> jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti \u2013 v\u00a0letech 1870\u20131882 zde roztock\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 \u010cen\u011bk R\u00fdzner2<\/sup> objevil a\u00a0prozkoumal prav\u011bk\u00e9 poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b z\u00a0ran\u00e9 doby bronzov\u00e9<\/em> (podle lokality p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho katastru pak byla pojmenov\u00e1na i\u00a0tzv. \u00fan\u011btick\u00e1<\/em> kultura<\/em>). Vra\u0165me se v\u0161ak do doby historick\u00e9. Prvn\u00ed p\u00edsemnou zm\u00ednku o\u00a0vsi \u00dan\u011btice<\/em> lze nal\u00e9zt a\u017e v\u00a0tzv. \u00fan\u011btick\u00e9<\/em> listin\u011b<\/em> (viz n\u00ed\u017ee v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku podrobn\u011b popisovan\u00fd dokument). Jm\u00e9no obce bylo podle\u00a0A. Profouse mo\u017en\u00e1 odvozeno od jist\u00e9ho (listinn\u011b v\u0161ak jen nep\u0159\u00edmo dolo\u017een\u00e9ho) U\u0148aty<\/em>3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u00dan\u011btick\u00e1 listina<\/h2>\n

Nejprve byla \u010d\u00e1st textu listiny kanovn\u00edka<\/em> Zbyhn\u011bva<\/em>4<\/sup> publikov\u00e1na Karlem Jarom\u00edrem Erbenem5<\/sup>. Ten ji datoval k\u00a0roku 11326<\/sup>. Ze z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9ho textu p\u00edsemnosti v\u0161ak zcela jednozna\u010dn\u011b vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee j\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 v\u011bcn\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti se vztahuj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e k\u00a0\u201e\u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu\u201c obdob\u00ed vl\u00e1dy kn\u00ed\u017eete Sob\u011bslava I.<\/em> Pozd\u011bji byl p\u0159epis tohoto dokumentu rovn\u011b\u017e vyd\u00e1n (ji\u017e v\u00a0pln\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed) Gustavem Friedrichem7<\/sup>. V\u00a0dan\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nen\u00ed dochov\u00e1na p\u016fvodn\u00ed (star\u0161\u00ed) listina, ale tzv. insert<\/em>8<\/sup> \u2013 sou\u010d\u00e1st privilegia kr\u00e1le<\/em> V\u00e1clava\u00a0I.<\/em> z\u00a0roku 12339<\/sup>. O\u00a0spolehlivosti tohoto dokumentu nebylo nikdy pochybov\u00e1no, proto byl za\u0159azen mezi tzv. nesporn\u00e9 listiny<\/em>10<\/sup>. Domn\u00edv\u00e1me se, \u017ee vlastn\u00ed textov\u00e1 pas\u00e1\u017e vznikla nejsp\u00ed\u0161e a\u017e v\u00a0sam\u00e9m z\u00e1v\u011bru vl\u00e1dy kn\u00ed\u017eete<\/em> Sob\u011bslava\u00a0I.<\/em> \u2013 t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed rokem 1140. Pro n\u00e1s je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0toho d\u016fvodu, \u017ee v\u00a0n\u00ed lze nal\u00e9zt prvn\u00ed (historicky zcela nezpochybnitelnou) zm\u00ednku o\u00a0existenci vodn\u00edho ml\u00fdna11<\/sup> v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch. V\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm odstavci si dovol\u00edme citovat nejprve \u00favodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st t\u00e9to tzv. \u00fan\u011btick\u00e9 listiny<\/em>:<\/p>\n

\u201eCunctis Christi fidelibus<\/em>12<\/sup> sit cognitum<\/em>13<\/sup>, me Zbyhneum<\/em>14<\/sup>, dei gratia sacerdotem<\/em>15\u00a016<\/sup>, in meo patrimonio<\/em>17<\/sup>, hoc est in villa<\/em>18<\/sup> Vnetych<\/em>19<\/sup>, fundasse<\/em>20<\/sup> ecclesiam<\/em>21<\/sup>, in qua, divino am(m)onitus<\/em>22<\/sup> consilio<\/em>23<\/sup>, locavi<\/em>24<\/sup> duos canonicos<\/em>25<\/sup> ita nominatos: Ras et Bezded, quibus ipsum locum usque ad finem vitae eorum concessi<\/em>26<\/sup>. <\/em>[V\u0161em v\u00a0Krista v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edm nech\u0165 je zn\u00e1mo (k\u00e9\u017e a\u0165 to poznaj\u00ed), \u017ee jsem j\u00e1, Zbyhn\u011bv, z\u00a0Bo\u017e\u00ed milosti kn\u011bz, ve sv\u00e9m zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9m majetku (po otci), tedy ve vesnici (zvan\u00e9) \u00dan\u011btice, (ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve) zalo\u017eil kostel (faru), ve kter\u00e9m jsem, pob\u00eddnut (upomenut) \u00famyslem (z\u00e1m\u011brem) Bo\u017e\u00edm, us\u00eddlil dva kanovn\u00edky (takto) naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 (se jm\u00e9ny) \u2013 R\u00e1\u017e a\u00a0Bezd\u011bd<\/em>27<\/sup>. T\u011bm jsem to sam\u00e9 m\u00edsto (ves \u00dan\u011btice) a\u017e do konce jejich \u017eivota postoupil.<\/em>]\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\"Kult-1\"<\/a>\n

Origin\u00e1l listiny V\u00e1clava\u00a0I. z\u00a0roku 1233\u2008s\u00a0inserovan\u00fdm textem \u00fan\u011btick\u00e9 listiny (za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 od b\u00edl\u00e9 zna\u010dky) (p\u0159evzato z: monasterium.net \u2013 http:\/\/www.mom-ca.uni-koeln.de\/mom\/CZ-APH\/AMK\/019-I%7C26\/charter)<\/h6>\n

Kanovn\u00edk<\/em> Zbyhn\u011bv<\/em> p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd (pom\u011brn\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd) majetek pln\u011b daroval \u2013 av\u0161ak jen za ur\u010dit\u00fdch (pon\u011bkud \u201eneobvykl\u00fdch\u201c) podm\u00ednek.<\/p>\n

\u201eSed si peccatis<\/em>28<\/sup> intervenientibus<\/em>29<\/sup> proles<\/em>30<\/sup> eorum non fuerit docta, eis praecepi<\/em>31<\/sup>, ut in vita sua ordinarent<\/em>32<\/sup>, quod iste numerus canonicorum duorum non desit usque ad finem mundi. <\/em>[Av\u0161ak, pokud dojde k\u00a0ru\u0161iv\u00e9mu z\u00e1sahu (vyskytnut\u00ed se) h\u0159\u00edch\u016f (pochyben\u00ed) a\u00a0(na z\u00e1klad\u011b toho) jejich potomci (pouze mu\u017e\u0161t\u00ed) nebudou u\u010den\u00ed (vzd\u011blan\u00ed \/c\u00edrkevn\u011b\/) \u2013 jim (ob\u011bma kanovn\u00edk\u016fm) jsem na\u0159\u00eddil, aby b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota (si v\u0161e) za\u0159\u00eddili tak, \u017ee dan\u00fd po\u010det (dvou) kanovn\u00edk\u016f se nesn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed \u2013 a\u00a0to prov\u017edy \u2013 a\u017e do (doby) konce sv\u011bta (Posledn\u00edho soudu).<\/em>]\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Kostel (t\u00e9\u017e faru a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b k\u00a0tomu p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed pozemkov\u00fd majetek \u2013 i\u00a0vodn\u00ed ml\u00fdn) mohli R\u00e1\u017e<\/em> a\u00a0Bezd\u011bd<\/em> neomezen\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvat. Museli se v\u0161ak postarat o\u00a0to, aby jejich synov\u00e9 byli \u201eu\u010den\u00ed\u201c. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e zajist\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd text p\u0159ekvap\u00ed \u2013 v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b se toti\u017e kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u011b \u017eenili \u2013 nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm (t\u00e9\u017e i\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 obci) je vztah (s\u00a0ohledem na popisovanou dobu ned\u00e1vno zesnul\u00e9ho) kronik\u00e1\u0159e Kosmy<\/em> (d\u011bkana pra\u017esk\u00e9 kapituly) k\u00a0jeho dru\u017ece (\u017een\u011b) Bo\u017eet\u011b\u0161e<\/em>33<\/sup>. V\u00a0listin\u011b je rovn\u011b\u017e pod\u00e1no vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00a0dan\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jde o\u00a0Zbyhn\u011bv\u016fv<\/em> zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00fd majetek (po jeho rodi\u010d\u00edch).<\/p>\n

\u201e(Suberam<\/em>34<\/sup>) Substantiam<\/em>35<\/sup> quoque patris mei ac matris meae, quorum nomina sunt hec<\/em>36<\/sup>: Bohun, Bozena<\/em>37<\/sup>, meamque eis subiungavi<\/em>38<\/sup>. <\/em>[Tak\u00e9 (t\u00e9\u017e \u2013 i\u00a0dokonce) majetek sv\u00e9ho otce a\u00a0sv\u00e9 matky \u2013 jejich jm\u00e9na byla tato: Bohu\u0148 a\u00a0Bo\u017eena \u2013 a\u00a0v\u0161e (ostatn\u00ed co mi pat\u0159\u00ed \u2013 n\u00e1sledn\u011b uveden\u00fd majetek<\/em>39<\/sup>) jim postupuji (d\u00e1v\u00e1m k\u00a0pln\u00e9mu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed).<\/em>]\u201c<\/p>\n

Darovan\u00e9 pozemkov\u00e9 vlastnictv\u00ed bylo vymezeno n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n

Primum Rouen<\/em>40<\/sup>, sylvam<\/em>41<\/sup> cum campo<\/em>42<\/sup>; Huatym<\/em>43<\/sup> cum campo<\/em>42<\/sup>, et ecce<\/em>44<\/sup> meta<\/em>45<\/sup>: magna<\/em>46<\/sup> via<\/em>47<\/sup>, quae vadit<\/em>48<\/sup> Pragam, atque Calysce<\/em>49<\/sup>; Bridce<\/em>50<\/sup> rupis, aspiciens<\/em>51<\/sup> aliam rupem<\/em>52<\/sup> ultra ryvum<\/em>53<\/sup>, qui Slatyunice<\/em>54<\/sup> vocatur; <\/em>[Zaprv\u00e9 (jim d\u00e1v\u00e1m) \u201aRove\u0148\u2018 \u2013 les s\u00a0pozemkem, \u201aChvatim\u2018 s\u00a0(dal\u0161\u00edm) pozemkem a\u017e po hranici \u2013 tj. po v\u00fdznamnou (d\u016fle\u017eitou) cestu, kter\u00e1 vede (sm\u011brem) ku Praze. A\u00a0t\u00e9\u017e k\u00a0tomu (jim d\u00e1v\u00e1m) \u201aKali\u0161t\u011b\u2018, \u201ask\u00e1lu Brdce\u2018 (sk\u00e1lu Koz\u00edch h\u0159bet\u016f), kter\u00e1 \u010dn\u00ed proti \u201adal\u0161\u00ed (jin\u00e9) sk\u00e1le\u2018 (tj. Al\u0161ov\u011b vyhl\u00eddce), nad potokem, kter\u00fd se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201aSlativnice\u2018 (\u00dan\u011btick\u00fd potok<\/em>55<\/sup>).<\/em>]\u201c<\/p>\n

Zde si dovol\u00edme pouze okrajov\u011b upozornit na v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd potok naz\u00fdvan\u00fd \u201eSlativnice<\/em>\u201c. \u0158ada autor\u016f (nejen z\u00a019. stolet\u00ed \u2013 co\u017e je samoz\u0159ejm\u00e956<\/sup> \u2013 ale t\u00e9\u017e mnohdy sou\u010dasn\u00fdch57<\/sup>) vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze star\u0161\u00ed Erbenovy (zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9) transkripce \u201eStatynnice<\/em>\u201c. My jsme p\u0159evzali nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed (podle na\u0161eho n\u00e1zoru spr\u00e1vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed) Gustavem Friedrichem publikovan\u00fd p\u0159epis t\u00e9to listiny. V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdm majetkem donace nekon\u010d\u00ed \u2013 ob\u011bma kanovn\u00edk\u016fm byly poskytnuty je\u0161t\u011b n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed pozemky:<\/p>\n

\u201eSilva Scepene<\/em>58<\/sup> cum campo<\/em>42<\/sup>, silva Scala<\/em>59<\/sup> cum campo<\/em>42<\/sup>; decem et VIII agri, et IX, quem a\u00a0fratre emi in patrimonium<\/em>17<\/sup> sub testimonio Wladote et filiorum ejus. <\/em>[(K\u00a0tomu t\u00e9\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed) les \u201a\u0160t\u011bpe\u0148\u2018 s\u00a0(dal\u0161\u00edm) pozemkem, les \u201aSk\u00e1la\u2018 (lokalita \/vrch, k\u00f3ta\/ Na Sk\u00e1le) s\u00a0pozemkem. K\u00a0tomu (t\u00e9\u017e pak) osmn\u00e1ct pol\u00ed (tj. pozemk\u016f s\u00a0ornou p\u016fdou) spolu s\u00a0dev\u00edti (dal\u0161\u00edmi), kter\u00e9 jsem p\u0159ikoupil od (sv\u00e9ho) bratra k\u00a0m\u00e9mu zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9mu majetku. (P\u0159i t\u00e9to koupi) sv\u011bd\u010dil Vladota a\u00a0jeho synov\u00e9.<\/em>]\u201c<\/p>\n

Ne\u0161lo tedy jen o\u00a0d\u011bdictv\u00ed \u2013 Zbyhn\u011bv<\/em> sv\u016fj pozemkov\u00fd majetek z\u00edskal i\u00a0koup\u00ed. Vedle pol\u00ed \u0161lo t\u00e9\u017e o\u00a0louky (na sklonit\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu katastru obce \u00dan\u011btice<\/em> tvo\u0159ily pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nemal\u00e9 procento z\u00a0celkov\u00e9 plochy).<\/p>\n

\u201ePrata<\/em>60<\/sup> omnia, quia ea redemi<\/em>61<\/sup> quadringentis et quinquadinta denariis. <\/em>[(K\u00a0tomu d\u00e1v\u00e1m) v\u0161echny louky, kter\u00e9 jsem vykoupil za 450 den\u00e1r\u016f.<\/em>]\u201c<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b luk lze v\u00a0textu zaznamenat rovn\u011b\u017e zm\u00ednku o\u00a0pozemku z\u00edskan\u00e9m od jist\u00e9ho Milhosta<\/em> spolu s\u00a0hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159ectvem. M\u00edsto, kde se nach\u00e1zel, nejsme ji\u017e dnes bohu\u017eel schopni (zcela jednozna\u010dn\u011b) ur\u010dit.<\/p>\n

\u201eEt ad hec unus campus, quem a\u00a0Mylhost mercatus sum; emissarius<\/em>63<\/sup> cum equis<\/em>64<\/sup>, boves<\/em>65<\/sup>, vaccae<\/em>66<\/sup>, scrofae<\/em>67<\/sup> cum porcis<\/em>68<\/sup>, anseres<\/em>69<\/sup> cum gallinis<\/em>70<\/sup>, pavones<\/em>71<\/sup> cum pavonissis.<\/em> [A\u00a0k\u00a0tomu v\u0161emu jeden pozemek, kter\u00fd jsem koupil od Milhosta; (d\u00e1le pak) pastevce s\u00a0koni, b\u00fdky a\u00a0dojnicemi \u2013 t\u00e9\u017e prasnice a\u00a0prasata, husy, slepice a\u00a0p\u00e1vy se samicemi p\u00e1va (\u201ap\u00e1vicemi\u2018).<\/em>]\u201c<\/p>\n

Pokusme se vytvo\u0159it ur\u010ditou (by\u0165 nep\u0159esnou) prostorovou rekonstrukci. Nemalou pr\u00e1ci vykonal Z. Smet\u00e1nka72<\/sup> \u2013 na jeho velmi podrobnou anal\u00fdzu lze nav\u00e1zat a\u00a0\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b ji t\u00e9\u017e doplnit. U\u00a0pisatele listiny m\u016f\u017eeme zaznamenat (s\u00a0ohledem na v\u00a0dan\u00e9m textu se nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed posloupnost jednotliv\u00fdch lokalit) pom\u011brn\u011b \u201eodhadnutelnou logiku\u201c. Nejd\u0159\u00edve je zm\u00edn\u011bn kostel v\u00a0samotn\u00fdch \u00dan\u011btic\u00edch<\/em> (v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0ob\u011bma kanovn\u00edky). Pokud jde o\u00a0vlastn\u00ed pozemkov\u00fd majetek (substantia<\/em>) \u2013 listina postupuje ve sv\u00e9m popisu od severu. Nejen \u201eprvn\u00ed\u201c \u2013 t\u00e9\u017e asi i\u00a0ekonomicky velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed byla podle v\u0161eho lokalita Rove\u0148<\/em> (\u0161lo jednak o\u00a0les \u2013 t\u00e9\u017e o\u00a0jak\u00fdsi \u201epozemek\u201c73<\/sup>. Jednalo se evidentn\u011b o\u00a0(zem\u011bd\u011blsky t\u00e9\u017e asi velmi dob\u0159e vyu\u017eiteln\u00fd) rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd are\u00e1l \u2013 v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti se nal\u00e9zaj\u00edc\u00ed sm\u011brem na sever od vlastn\u00edch \u00dan\u011btic<\/em> (s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdm nesva\u017eit\u00fdm ter\u00e9nem \/od toho pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 staro\u010desk\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed\/). N\u00e1sledovala Chvatim<\/em> (asi nejen se zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdm pozemkem, ale t\u00e9\u017e i\u00a0s\u00a0lesem). Zde si dovol\u00edme u\u010dinit krat\u0161\u00ed pozn\u00e1mku. Z. Smet\u00e1nka se domn\u00edval, \u017ee tzv. \u201emagna<\/em> via<\/em>\u201c sm\u011b\u0159ovala na Velk\u00e9<\/em> P\u0159\u00edlepy<\/em> v\u00a0trase st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed hlavn\u00ed silnice (jde v\u0161ak a\u017e o\u00a0pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159skou silnici74<\/sup>) \u2013 p\u016fvodn\u00ed trasa vedla do \u00dan\u011btic<\/em> (dokonce je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a018. stolet\u00ed \/\u0161lo o\u00a0pom\u011brn\u011b sklonitou cestu, kter\u00e1 vedla p\u0159es Horom\u011b\u0159ick\u00fd<\/em> potok<\/em> a\u00a0\u00fastila z\u00a0jihu do \u00dan\u011btic<\/em> \u2013 dnes jde o\u00a0opu\u0161t\u011bnou lesn\u00ed cestu\/). Z\u00a0uveden\u00e9ho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee jak les, tak dal\u0161\u00ed pozemky se nach\u00e1zely ji\u017en\u011b od \u00dan\u011btick\u00e9ho potoka<\/em> a\u017e k\u00a0uveden\u00e9mu Horom\u011b\u0159ick\u00e9mu<\/em> potoku<\/em>. Zcela logicky je v\u00a0listin\u011b zmi\u0148ov\u00e1na soused\u00edc\u00ed lokalita Kali\u0161t\u011b<\/em>, kter\u00e1 se nal\u00e9zala v\u00a0\u00fadol\u00ed t\u00e9ho\u017e potoka (viz p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve publikovanou p\u0159ehlednou mapu Smet\u00e1nky72<\/sup>). Sm\u011brem na v\u00fdchod je pak jmenov\u00e1na \u201esk\u00e1la\u201c Brdce<\/em> (dne\u0161n\u00ed Koz\u00ed<\/em> h\u0159bety<\/em>). Listina ve v\u00fd\u010dtu pokra\u010duje st\u00e1le sm\u011brem ji\u017en\u00edm. N\u00e1sleduje Z. Smet\u00e1nkou geograficky nevymezen\u00fd les \u0160t\u011bpe\u0148<\/em>. Domn\u00edv\u00e1me se, \u017ee\u00a0jej lze lokalizovat p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v\u00a0prostoru \u00fadol\u00ed Horom\u011b\u0159ick\u00e9ho<\/em> potoka<\/em> (navazoval na tehdej\u0161\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed lokalitu Kali\u0161t\u011b<\/em>). Jako posledn\u00ed (sm\u011brem na jih) je ve v\u00fd\u010dtu uv\u00e1d\u011bn les Sk\u00e1la<\/em> (nyn\u00ed k\u00f3ta Na Sk\u00e1le<\/em>) s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi dal\u0161\u00edmi pozemky75<\/sup>. N\u00e1sleduje nepojmenovan\u00fdch 18 a\u00a09 pol\u00ed \u2013 domn\u00edv\u00e1me se, \u017ee navazovaly na pozemky existuj\u00edc\u00ed u\u00a0ji\u017e uveden\u00e9 st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed vyv\u00fd\u0161eniny Na Sk\u00e1le<\/em>. P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou plochu je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat v\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed oblasti nal\u00e9zaj\u00edc\u00ed se na obou stran\u00e1ch (v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9) trasy nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed silnice vedouc\u00ed sm\u011brem na Velk\u00e9<\/em> P\u0159\u00edlepy<\/em> (pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ve sm\u011bru severov\u00fdchodn\u00edm a\u017e ke kostelu svat\u00e9ho V\u00e1clava<\/em>). \u0160lo podle v\u0161eho o\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blsky nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lokalitu z\u00a0cel\u00e9ho majetku (proto je v\u00a0listin\u011b uvedeno i\u00a0ozna\u010den\u00ed \u201eagri<\/em>\u201c \/pole\/).<\/p>\n\"Kult-2\"<\/a>\n

Pokus o\u00a0rekonstrukci lokalizace majetk\u016f obou kanovn\u00edk\u016f \u00fan\u011btick\u00e9ho kostela (k\u00a0roku 1140)<\/h6>\n

Teprve nyn\u00ed se dost\u00e1v\u00e1me k\u00a0nejpodstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informaci uveden\u00e9 v\u00a0t\u00e9to listin\u011b \u2013 a\u00a0to k\u00a0darov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edho, ml\u00fdna na \u00dan\u011btick\u00e9m potoce<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u201eMolendinum in supradicto ryvo<\/em>76<\/sup>. <\/em>[(A\u00a0tak\u00e9) ml\u00fdn na v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9m (\u00dan\u011btick\u00e9m) potoce (\u201aSlativnici\u2018).<\/em>]\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Kde se v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd ml\u00fdn nal\u00e9zal, je velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 zjistit. Podle na\u0161eho n\u00e1zoru v\u0161ak asi nebyl p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vzd\u00e1len od st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho kostela Nanebevzet\u00ed Panny Marie<\/em>77<\/sup> (p\u016fvodn\u00ed stavba postaven\u00e1 v\u00a0rom\u00e1nsk\u00e9m slohu se do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u00ed nedochovala \u2013 v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti se zde nach\u00e1z\u00ed barokn\u00ed svatyn\u011b obd\u00e9ln\u00edkov\u00e9ho tvaru \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017e) \u2013 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nedaleko od dne\u0161n\u00edho silni\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159emost\u011bn\u00ed \u00dan\u011btick\u00e9ho potoka<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Zde by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed prezentaci listiny ukon\u010dit. S\u00a0ohledem na velmi p\u0159\u00ednosnou Smet\u00e1nkovu monografii78<\/sup> si dovol\u00edme je\u0161t\u011b uv\u00e9st dv\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 v\u011bty ze zde podrobn\u011b popisovan\u00e9ho dokumentu. Krom\u011b majetk\u016f v\u00a0\u00dan\u011btic\u00edch<\/em>, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly slou\u017eit pot\u0159eb\u00e1m obou jmenovan\u00fdch kanovn\u00edk\u016f, se tato p\u00edsemnost t\u00e9\u017e zmi\u0148uje o\u00a0jist\u00e9m Ostojovi<\/em>. Citovan\u00fd Lev\u00fd Hradec<\/em>79<\/sup> byl v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b ji\u017e pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zcela bezv\u00fdznamnou vs\u00ed. V\u00fdstavbu opevn\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme \u010dasov\u011b p\u0159i\u0159adit p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b k\u00a0polovin\u011b 9. stolet\u00ed \u2013 Bo\u0159ivoj\u016fv kostel pak m\u011bl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b sv\u016fj po\u010d\u00e1tek v\u00a080. letech t\u00e9ho\u017e stolet\u00ed. Hradba vybudovan\u00e1 ve form\u011b d\u0159evohlinit\u00e9 konstrukce (s\u00a0velmi kr\u00e1tkou trvanlivost\u00ed \u2013 pokud nebyla pravideln\u011b opravov\u00e1na) s\u00a0\u010delem zpevn\u011bn\u00fdm kameny, z\u0159ejm\u011b ji\u017e (v\u00a0p\u0159edm\u011btn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed vl\u00e1dy kn\u00ed\u017eete<\/em> Sob\u011bslava<\/em>\u00a0I.<\/em>) byla zcela jist\u011b v\u00a0rozvalin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

\u201eIn Levo Gradech terra ad aratrum<\/em>80<\/sup>, ubi christianitas incepta est. Et Ostog proanimatus<\/em>81<\/sup> in ea sedens et solvens XII denarios unoquoque anno Wneticensi ecclesiae\u2026 <\/em>[Na Lev\u00e9m Hradci, kde m\u011blo po\u010d\u00e1tky k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed (v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch), je poplu\u017e\u00ed (orn\u00e1 p\u016fda \u2013 zem\u011b \/p\u016fda\/ ur\u010den\u00e1 k\u00a0or\u00e1n\u00ed pluhem). Na n\u00ed je osazen du\u0161n\u00edk Ostoj \u2013 ten plat\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b \u00fan\u011btick\u00e9mu kostelu v\u017edy 12 den\u00e1r\u016f\u2026<\/em>]\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fd vzhled a\u00a0technick\u00e9 parametry vodn\u00edho ml\u00fdna<\/h2>\n

V\u00fdzna\u010dn\u00fd \u010desk\u00fd archeolog, autor monografie Legenda o\u00a0Ostojovi \u2013 archeologie oby\u010dejn\u00e9ho \u017eivota<\/em> (viz rovn\u011b\u017e v\u00fd\u0161e), tamt\u00e9\u017e uv\u00e1d\u00ed82<\/sup>:<\/p>\n

\u201eK\u00a0\u00fan\u011btick\u00e9mu statku n\u00e1le\u017eel i\u00a0ml\u00fdn na potoce Slatyunici (Slatinici). Je to prvn\u00ed vodn\u00ed ml\u00fdn v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch, kter\u00fd m\u00e1me na vsi bezpe\u010dn\u011b dolo\u017een a\u00a0jeho\u017e existence pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0\u00dan\u011btic\u00edch je dob\u0159e pochopiteln\u00e1.<\/em>\u201c<\/p>\n

Autor se sou\u010dasn\u011b zam\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed nad mo\u017en\u00fdmi technick\u00fdmi aspekty p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9ho ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho vodn\u00edho ml\u00fdna.<\/p>\n

\u201eVodn\u00ed tok, na n\u011bm\u017e ml\u00fdn st\u00e1l, m\u00e1 celkem mal\u00fd sp\u00e1d a\u00a0proud, a\u00a0byl tedy m\u00e1lo vhodn\u00fd pro ml\u00fdn s\u00a0vertik\u00e1ln\u00edm kolem na spodn\u00ed i\u00a0svrchn\u00ed vodu. A\u00a0tak v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9m z\u00a0u\u017e\u0161\u00edch m\u00edst, nejsp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159\u00edmo ve vsi nebo v\u00a0jej\u00ed t\u011bsn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti, muselo doj\u00edt k\u00a0p\u0159ehrazen\u00ed potoka a\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9 zdr\u017ee\u2026 Ml\u00fdny s\u00a0vertik\u00e1ln\u00edm kolem nav\u00edc pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159evodov\u00e9, tzv. pale\u010dnicov\u00e9 soukol\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by p\u0159evedlo rota\u010dn\u00ed pohyb vertik\u00e1ln\u011b postaven\u00e9ho vodn\u00edho kola na vodorovn\u00fd pohyb le\u017e\u00edc\u00edch ml\u00fdnsk\u00fdch kamen\u016f. V\u00a0\u00dan\u011btic\u00edch proto nejsp\u00ed\u0161e st\u00e1l typologicky nejstar\u0161\u00ed typ mechanick\u00e9ho ml\u00fdna, rozt\u00e1\u010den\u00e9ho vodorovn\u011b le\u017e\u00edc\u00edm kolem, pro jeho\u017e pohon posta\u010d\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed, ale p\u0159esn\u011b na lopatky kola usm\u011brn\u011bn\u00fd proud vody. To lze snadno zajistit d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdm kor\u00fdtkem nebo d\u0159ev\u011bnou trubic\u00ed, nebo alespo\u0148 trubicovou tryskou. U\u00a0takov\u00e9ho ml\u00fdna je mal\u00e9 vodn\u00ed kolo ve spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti stavby vodorovn\u011b upevn\u011bno do lo\u017eiska a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edmo na lopatky p\u0159it\u00e9k\u00e1 soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00fd \u00fazk\u00fd proud vody\u2026 Nen\u00ed zapot\u0159eb\u00ed v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho p\u0159evodov\u00e9ho \u00fastroj\u00ed.<\/em>\u201c<\/p>\n

Pon\u011bkud jin\u00e9 okolnosti a\u00a0souvislosti uv\u00e1d\u00ed J. Klempera83<\/sup> \u2013 t\u00e9\u017e L. \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n a\u00a0kol. zast\u00e1v\u00e1 pon\u011bkud odli\u0161n\u00fd n\u00e1zor84<\/sup>:<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00e9m rukopisu \u201aDer Hussitenkrieg\u2018 je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn bezp\u0159evodov\u00fd vodn\u00ed ml\u00fdn s\u00a0horizont\u00e1ln\u00edm kolem na svisl\u00e9 ose p\u0159\u00edmo ot\u00e1\u010dej\u00edc\u00ed b\u011bhounem. Jde o\u00a0u\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00ed \u0159eck\u00e9 antick\u00e9 technologie, vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed velk\u00fd sp\u00e1d, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 ze Skandin\u00e1vie jako tzv. norsk\u00e9 ml\u00fdny, kter\u00e1 se udr\u017eela na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech v\u00a0Evrop\u011b a\u017e do 20. stolet\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Spolu s\u00a0O. Kotyzou85<\/sup> si dovol\u00edme vyj\u00e1d\u0159it nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hypot\u00e9zu \u2013 a\u00a0to, \u017ee se jednalo sp\u00ed\u0161e o\u00a0(v\u00a0dan\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u00a0Evrop\u011b evidentn\u011b nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed) typ ml\u00fdnsk\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s\u00a0vertik\u00e1ln\u00edm kolem na spodn\u00ed vodu<\/em>86<\/sup>. S\u00a0ohledem na rozsah darovan\u00e9ho majetku (v\u010detn\u011b nezbytn\u00e9ho po\u010dtu zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f a\u00a0slu\u017eebn\u00edk\u016f) \u2013 rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159i p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee ml\u00fdn slou\u017eil p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k\u00a0vlastn\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m mal\u00e9ho statku, lze dovodit, \u017ee \u0161lo jen o\u00a0nevelkou, zcela jist\u011b d\u0159ev\u011bnou, budovu (mo\u017en\u00e1 na kamenn\u00fdch z\u00e1kladech \u2013 t\u00e9\u017e i\u00a0s\u00a0pom\u011brn\u011b mal\u00fdm vodn\u00edm kolem).<\/p>\n

Ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed souvislosti<\/h2>\n

Ponechme stranou chronologicky nejstar\u0161\u00ed zm\u00ednku o\u00a0prvn\u00edm ml\u00fdnu \u2013 listinu \u010desk\u00e9ho kn\u00ed\u017eete Boleslava II<\/em>. \u2013 \u00fadajn\u011b vydanou 15. 1. 993 (v\u00a0souvislosti se zalo\u017een\u00edm B\u0159evnovsk\u00e9ho<\/em> kl\u00e1\u0161tera<\/em>). Na z\u00e1klad\u011b poznatk\u016f sou\u010dasn\u00e9 diplomatiky je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed poznamenat, \u017ee v\u00a0dan\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b lze cel\u00fd tento v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dokument jednozna\u010dn\u011b ozna\u010dit jako tzv. falzum<\/em> (velmi sporn\u00e1 je rovn\u011b\u017e donace dvou ml\u00fdn\u016f \u201epod samotn\u00fdm Pra\u017esk\u00fdm hradem<\/em>\u201c \/t\u00e9\u017e i\u00a0s\u00a0ohledem na archeologicky dolo\u017eitelnou \u00farove\u0148 \u010desk\u00e9 hmotn\u00e9 kultury v\u00a010. stolet\u00ed87<\/sup>\/). P\u0159ed \u00fan\u011btickou listinou<\/em> nelze v\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9m diplomat\u00e1\u0159i nal\u00e9zt jakoukoliv bezezbytku nespornou zm\u00ednku o\u00a0ml\u00fdnu na v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm \u010di men\u0161\u00edm vodn\u00edm toku.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o\u00a0povolen\u00ed ke z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0provozu ml\u00fdn\u016f, b\u00fdv\u00e1 mnohdy pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n pojem ml\u00fdnsk\u00fd<\/em> reg\u00e1l<\/em>. V\u00a0obdob\u00ed ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu (v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch je\u0161t\u011b i\u00a0ve 12.\u00a0stol.) v\u00a0r\u00e1mci tzv. patrimoni\u00e1ln\u00ed monarchie<\/em>88<\/sup> byla je\u0161t\u011b \u00faloha panovn\u00edka v\u00a0podstat\u011b neomezen\u00e1 \u2013 i\u00a0pokud \u0161lo o\u00a0pr\u00e1va k\u00a0vodn\u00edm tok\u016fm. Je v\u0161ak zapot\u0159eb\u00ed u\u010dinit z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pozn\u00e1mku, a\u00a0to, \u017ee se nejen v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch, ale i\u00a0v\u00a0cel\u00e9 Svat\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9<\/em> (Sacrum Imperium Romanum<\/em>) panovn\u00edk\u016fv reg\u00e1l<\/em> (tento pojem b\u00fdv\u00e1 b\u011b\u017en\u011b ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako pr\u00e1va reg\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/em> \u010di reg\u00e1lie<\/em> \u2013 iura regalia<\/em> \/pr\u00e1va kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1\/ \u2013 v\u00a017. a\u00a018. stolet\u00ed t\u00e9\u017e ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 jako regalia principis<\/em>) vztahoval pouze na splavn\u00e9 \u0159eky. Po\u010d\u00e1tek uveden\u00e9ho (v\u00a0Evrop\u011b tehdy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161eobecn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9ho) institutu je mo\u017en\u00e9 nal\u00e9zt ji\u017e ve Fransk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i<\/em> \u2013 ve star\u0161\u00ed etap\u011b ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch d\u011bjin p\u00edsemn\u011b zaznamen\u00e1van\u00e9 panovnick\u00e9 v\u00fdsady latinsk\u00fd v\u00fdraz iura regalia<\/em> je\u0161t\u011b nepou\u017e\u00edvaly \u2013 prvn\u00ed v\u00fdskyt tohoto pojmu lze nal\u00e9zt a\u017e v\u00a0textu tzv. ronk\u00e1lsk\u00e9 konstituce<\/em>, vydan\u00e9 v\u00a0roce 115889<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u00dan\u011btick\u00fd potok<\/em> je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nesplavn\u00fd \u2013 jeho hydrologick\u00e9 charakteristiky90<\/sup> jej nav\u00edc za\u0159azuj\u00ed mezi tzv. drobn\u00e9 vodn\u00ed toky<\/em>. V\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0pojedn\u00e1vanou problematikou je t\u00e9\u017e zapot\u0159eb\u00ed poznamenat, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 (nap\u0159. \u201edarovan\u00e9\u201c) \u00fazem\u00ed bylo v\u00a0tehdej\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b v\u011bt\u0161inou ch\u00e1p\u00e1no zcela celistv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem \u2013 zahrnov\u00e1na do n\u011bj byla nejen zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 p\u016fda, ale i\u00a0ve\u0161ker\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00ed\u00a0\u201ep\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00ed\u201c \u2013 t\u00e9\u017e vodn\u00ed toky (resp. jejich \u00faseky) a\u00a0vodn\u00ed ml\u00fdny nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00a0dan\u00e9 lokalit\u011b91<\/sup> (listinou jmenovan\u00e9 vsi). Podm\u00ednkou v\u011bt\u0161inou bylo, \u017ee se jednalo o\u00a0nesplavn\u00e9 vodn\u00ed toky. V\u00a0\u00dan\u011btic\u00edch<\/em> \u0161lo o\u00a0situaci, kdy se ml\u00fdn nach\u00e1zel na drobn\u00e9m vodn\u00edm toku<\/em> \u2013 proto zde evidentn\u011b nebyla \u201eaplikov\u00e1na\u201c (by\u0165 mnohdy jen obecn\u011b poj\u00edman\u00e1 a\u00a0ne zcela pln\u011b panovn\u00edkem uplat\u0148ovan\u00e1) reg\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1va<\/em> (v\u00a0dan\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ml\u00fdnsk\u00fd reg\u00e1l<\/em>).<\/p>\n\"Kult-3\"<\/a>\n

Pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed \u00fan\u011btick\u00e9ho vodn\u00edho ml\u00fdna k\u00a0roku 1140 (b\u00edl\u00e1 zna\u010dka)<\/h6>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 \u201ehistorick\u00e1 konkurence\u201c \u2013 ml\u00fdn u\u00a0Olomouce \u010di ml\u00fdny v\u00a0Praze?<\/h2>\n

Roku 1078 olomouck\u00fd \u00fad\u011bln\u00fd kn\u00ed\u017ee Ota I.<\/em>92<\/sup>\u2008s\u00a0man\u017eelkou Eufemi\u00ed<\/em> pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v\u011bnoval (v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b benediktinsk\u00e9mu) kl\u00e1\u0161teru<\/em> Hradi\u0161t\u011b<\/em> (Kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00edmu<\/em> Hradisku<\/em>) jak\u00e1si dv\u011b \u201evivaria\u201c (sp\u00ed\u0161e \u0161lo jen o\u00a0s\u00e1dky \/\u201ehalt\u00fd\u0159e\u201c\/). N\u00ed\u017ee uv\u00e1d\u00edme pouze kr\u00e1tk\u00fd \u00faryvek z\u00a0t\u00e9to listiny.<\/p>\n

\u201e\u2026Data sunt et duo vivaria piscium, nomen unius Wydoma et nomen alterius Tekalech. <\/em>[\u2026T\u00e9\u017e jsou darov\u00e1na dv\u011b \u201evivaria\u201c (pro chov) ryb, jm\u00e9no prvn\u00edho je \u201aVydoma\u2018 a\u00a0jm\u00e9no druh\u00e9ho pak \u201aTekalec\u2018.<\/em>]\u201c<\/p>\n

Bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po t\u00e9to zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 zm\u00ednce (jednozna\u010dn\u011b zde je\u0161t\u011b ne\u0161lo o\u00a0skute\u010dn\u00e9 rybn\u00edky) n\u00e1sleduje \u201edarov\u00e1n\u00ed osob\u201c.<\/p>\n

\u201e(Data sunt)\u2026 duo molentes, duo pistores\u2026 <\/em>[(Jsou t\u00e9\u017e darov\u00e1ni)\u2026 dva mlyn\u00e1\u0159i, dva peka\u0159i\u2026<\/em>]\u201c<\/p>\n

Postoje k\u00a0\u201ehodnov\u011brnosti\u201c listiny jsou rozd\u00edln\u00e9 \u2013 p\u0159eva\u017euje v\u0161ak sp\u00ed\u0161e n\u00e1zor, \u017ee se v\u00a0dan\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b o\u00a0tzv. falzum<\/em> nejedn\u00e193<\/sup>. Pro n\u00e1s je pak problematick\u00fdm momentem to, \u017ee ne\u0161lo jak o\u00a0darov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edsta k\u00a0postaven\u00ed ml\u00fdnu, tak o\u00a0svolen\u00ed k\u00a0jeho zalo\u017een\u00ed \u2013 \u010di dokonce o\u00a0darov\u00e1n\u00ed ji\u017e postaven\u00e9ho ml\u00fdna94<\/sup>. Pokud by i\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00fd stavebn\u00ed objekt, v\u00a0dan\u00e9m pom\u011brn\u011b \u201e\u0161irok\u00e9m prostoru\u201c, existoval, nen\u00ed jej dnes bohu\u017eel mo\u017en\u00e9 (na rozd\u00edl od ml\u00fdnu v\u00a0\u00dan\u011btic\u00edch<\/em>) jak\u00fdmkoliv zp\u016fsobem (by\u0165 i\u00a0zna\u010dn\u011b nep\u0159esn\u011b) geograficky lokalizovat.<\/p>\n

O\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 existenci star\u0161\u00edch ml\u00fdn\u016f v\u00a0prostoru tehdej\u0161\u00ed ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 Prahy jsme se ji\u017e zmi\u0148ovali (viz v\u00fd\u0161e listinu \u010desk\u00e9ho kn\u00ed\u017eete Boleslava II.<\/em>). Odpov\u011b\u010f na celou \u0159adu ot\u00e1zek nen\u00ed zcela jednozna\u010dn\u00e1 \u2013 s\u00a0ohledem na \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed technick\u00e9 a\u00a0historick\u00e9 souvislosti se sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u00edme k\u00a0n\u00e1zoru O. Kotyzy (\u010dten\u00e1\u0159e s\u00a0\u201ehlub\u0161\u00edm\u201c z\u00e1jmem o\u00a0danou, historicky pom\u011brn\u011b specifickou, problematiku si dovol\u00edme odk\u00e1zat na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek95<\/sup>) \u2013 ve zkratce lze pouze podat souhrnnou informaci v\u00a0tom smyslu, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edpadnou v\u00fdstavbu ml\u00fdn\u016f v\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9m prostoru ji\u017e v\u00a010. stolet\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme sp\u00ed\u0161e pokl\u00e1dat za nepravd\u011bpodobnou. Nezodpov\u011bzenou ot\u00e1zkou tak asi jen z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, zda nedo\u0161lo k\u00a0vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto (na tehdej\u0161\u00ed dobu pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e9ho) technick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch \u010di na Morav\u011b ji\u017e ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 11. stolet\u00ed. Hodnov\u011brn\u00e9 a\u00a0spolehliv\u00e9, do dne\u0161n\u00ed doby dochovan\u00e9, p\u00edsemn\u00e9 prameny v\u0161ak bohu\u017eel \u201eml\u010d\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 shrnut\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Netrouf\u00e1me si \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee ml\u00fdn v\u00a0\u00dan\u011btic\u00edch<\/em> byl zcela jednozna\u010dn\u011b prvn\u00edm objektem slou\u017e\u00edc\u00edm k\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed energetick\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu povrchov\u00fdch vod, kter\u00fd byl provozov\u00e1n na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. Obdob\u00ed ran\u00e9ho st\u0159edov\u011bku je v\u011bt\u0161inou velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 (s\u00a0ohledem na p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed nedostatek dochovan\u00fdch p\u00edsemn\u00fdch pramen\u016f) historicky zcela v\u011brohodn\u011b interpretovat.<\/p>\n\"Kult-4\"<\/a>\n

Pl\u00e1n trasy exkurze ze Suchdola do \u00dan\u011btic<\/h6>\n

Je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b mo\u017en\u00fd ten p\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee existuje star\u0161\u00ed (st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b \u201enenalezen\u00e1\u201c) listina, ze kter\u00e9 bychom mohli vy\u010d\u00edst d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed jin\u00e9ho ml\u00fdnsk\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (u\u00a0seriozn\u011b postupuj\u00edc\u00edho historika je v\u0161ak zcela nep\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 spol\u00e9hat se na jak\u00e9koliv hypot\u00e9zy \u010di mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159edpoklady) \u2013 z\u00a0uveden\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f tak m\u016f\u017eeme s\u00a0plnou zodpov\u011bdnost\u00ed prohl\u00e1sit ml\u00fdn v\u00a0\u00dan\u011btic\u00edch<\/em> za prvn\u00ed, p\u00edsemn\u011b dolo\u017een\u00e9, technick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed vodn\u00ed energie, kter\u00e9 bylo na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed \u2013 podle v\u0161eho a\u017e v\u00a0prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 12. stolet\u00ed (nejsp\u00ed\u0161e v\u00a0rozmez\u00ed 1125\u20131140) postaveno.<\/p>\n\"Kult-5\"<\/a>\n

M\u00fcllerova mapa \u010cech (p\u0159evzato z: https:\/\/mapy.vugtk.cz\/muller\/)<\/h6>\n

Pozn\u00e1mky<\/h4>\n
    \n
  1. Semin\u00e1\u0159e se z\u00fa\u010dastnila \u0159ada pracovn\u00edk\u016f jak z\u00a0V\u00daV TGM, tak z\u00a0P\u0159FUK a\u00a0\u010cHM\u00da. Autor by r\u00e1d pod\u011bkoval p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm veden\u00ed \u00fastavu \u2013 jak \u0159editeli, Mgr. Marku Riederovi, tak i\u00a0n\u00e1m\u011bstkovi pro v\u00fdzkumnou a\u00a0odbornou \u010dinnost, Ing. Petru Bou\u0161kovi, Ph.D., kte\u0159\u00ed se t\u00e9to akce jednak z\u00fa\u010dastnili, jednak t\u00e9\u017e poskytli nezbytnou podporu a\u00a0pomoc p\u0159i jej\u00ed realizaci. \u010casov\u00fd rozvrh byl n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: 13:30\u201314:30 prob\u011bhl vlastn\u00ed odborn\u00fd v\u00fdklad v\u00a0zasedac\u00ed m\u00edstnosti budovy D, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b od 14:30 do 15:00 do\u0161lo k\u00a0p\u0159esunu autobusem \u010d. 107 do kone\u010dn\u00e9 stanice (Suchdol<\/em>), v\u00a0intervalu 15:00\u201316:00 se konala vlastn\u00ed exkurze s\u00a0odborn\u00fdm v\u00fdkladem (in situ<\/em>), p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b po 16:00 pak n\u00e1sledovala neform\u00e1ln\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e1 akce v\u00a0\u00dan\u011btick\u00e9m pivovaru<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  2. Nedaleko od dne\u0161n\u00edch \u00dan\u011btic<\/em> do\u0161lo k\u00a0v\u00fdzna\u010dn\u00e9mu n\u00e1lezu \u010dty\u0159 kostrov\u00fdch poh\u0159ebi\u0161\u0165, objeven\u00fdch p\u0159i archeologick\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumech, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0roce 1880 zah\u00e1jil roztock\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 MUDr. \u010cen\u011bk R\u00fdzner u\u00a0poln\u00ed cesty vedouc\u00ed okolo Hol\u00e9ho vrchu<\/em> do Roztok za pomoci \u00fan\u011btick\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f. V\u00a070 hrobech byly nalezeny kostry skr\u010denc\u016f obli\u010dejem k\u00a0v\u00fdchodu \u2013 u\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 t\u00e9\u017e hlin\u011bn\u00e1 n\u00e1doba. Nebo\u017et\u00edci byli poh\u0159b\u00edv\u00e1ni jak v\u00a0prost\u00fdch hrobov\u00fdch jam\u00e1ch, tak v\u00a0d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch rakv\u00edch, kamenn\u00fdch hrobk\u00e1ch i\u00a0pod mohylami. Tento (ve sv\u00e9 dob\u011b nesm\u00edrn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fd) objev vedl n\u00e1sledn\u011b k\u00a0pojmov\u00e9mu vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed skupiny archeologick\u00fdch pramen\u016f, pro n\u011b\u017e se v\u00a0odborn\u00e9 literatu\u0159e postupn\u011b ujal n\u00e1zev \u00fan\u011btick\u00e1 kultura<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  3. Profous, A., 1957, s. 447, uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201e\u00dan\u011btice (lid. v\u00a0Oun\u011btic\u00edch, oun\u011btickej), ves 9<\/em>\u2008km sev. od Sm\u00edchova: 1125\u201340 in villa Vnetych, \u2026Wneticensi ecclesiae, \u2026in villa Vnetich, CB.<\/em>\u00a0I, 1233 (Wenc. rex confirmat litteras super) villa Vnetich, \u2026Vnethych, RB. I, 377; 1405 decan. Rypen.: Vnyeticz, RDP. 47. Srov. pol. a\u00a0ukr. Uniecice (Unjaty\u010dy), sloven. U\u0148at\u00edn, \u2013 \u00dan\u011btice = ves lid\u00ed U\u0148atov\u00fdch, srov. z\u00a0r. 1031 Vneta, (hortulanus secus Olom.), Vnata, (filius Bolehnae in v. Pamyetici)<\/em>\u201c. Obec \u00dan\u011btice<\/em> le\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 240\u2013260\u2008m severoz\u00e1padn\u011b od Prahy v\u00a0tzv. Pra\u017esk\u00e9 kotlin\u011b<\/em> v\u00a0\u00fadol\u00ed \u00dan\u011btick\u00e9ho potoka<\/em> a\u00a0jej\u00ed katastr soused\u00ed jednak p\u0159\u00edmo s\u00a0katastr\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fazem\u00edm Prahy, jednak s\u00a0chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm Tich\u00e9ho \u00fadol\u00ed<\/em>. V\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti obdob\u00ed 1125\u20131140 n\u00e1le\u017eely kanovn\u00edkovi Zbyhn\u011bvovi<\/em> \u2013 pozd\u011bji pak pat\u0159ily se v\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00edm pra\u017esk\u00e9 kapitule<\/em>. V\u00a0roce 1421 se \u00dan\u011btic<\/em> zmocnili husit\u0161t\u00ed Pra\u017ean\u00e9<\/em> \u2013 ve vlastnictv\u00ed Prahy byly a\u017e do roku 1547, kdy byl tento majetek pro vzpouru proti Ferdinandovi I<\/em>. pra\u017esk\u00fdm m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016fm zkonfiskov\u00e1n. Pot\u00e9 pat\u0159ily op\u011bt c\u00edrkvi \u2013 a\u00a0to Kapitule u\u00a0svat\u00e9ho V\u00edta<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  4. Smet\u00e1nka, Z., 2010, s. 6, uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee jist\u00fd kanovn\u00edk Zbyhn\u011bv<\/em> zd\u011bdil, nejsp\u00ed\u0161e spole\u010dn\u011b se sv\u00fdm nezn\u00e1m\u00fdm bratrem \u2013 n\u011bkdy na po\u010d\u00e1tku 12. stolet\u00ed, po sv\u00e9m otci (je\u0161t\u011b podle v\u0161eho ne\u0161lo o\u00a0\u201etypickou\u201c \u0161lechtu v\u00a0pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pojet\u00ed 13.\u00a0a\u00a014. stolet\u00ed) Bohu\u0148ovi<\/em> a\u00a0matce Bo\u017een\u011b<\/em>, dodnes pobl\u00ed\u017e Prahy existuj\u00edc\u00ed, ves \u00dan\u011btice<\/em>. Vykoupil od sv\u00e9ho bratra dev\u011bt pol\u00ed \u2013 t\u00e9\u017e p\u0159ipojil ke sv\u00e9mu pod\u00edlu louky (zaplatil pom\u011brn\u011b zna\u010dnou sumu 440 den\u00e1r\u016f). K\u00a0tomu dokoupil i\u00a0od jak\u00e9hosi Mylhosta<\/em> dal\u0161\u00ed pozemek. Jin\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed informace o\u00a0tomto kanovn\u00edkovi bohu\u017eel nem\u00e1me.<\/li>\n
  5. Erben, K. J., 1855, s.\u00a098\u201399.<\/li>\n
  6. Kdy byla listina p\u0159esn\u011b seps\u00e1na, zn\u00e1mo nen\u00ed. Karel Jarom\u00edr Erben ji p\u0159i\u0159adil k\u00a0datu 1132 (dodnes nebylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, jak\u00e9 podklady, prameny a\u00a0d\u016fvody jej k\u00a0tomu vedly \/Erben, K. J., 1855, s.\u00a098\u201399\/). Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed editor Gustav Friedrich polo\u017eil vznik t\u00e9to p\u00edsemnosti do \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho rozmez\u00ed 1125\u20131140 (Friedrich, G., 1904, s.\u00a0129). Text se dochoval jen jako \u201evlo\u017eka\u201c (insert<\/em>) v\u00a0mlad\u0161\u00ed listin\u011b z\u00a0roku 1233, v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e kr\u00e1l<\/em> V\u00e1clav I.<\/em> potvrdil, \u017ee ves \u00dan\u011btice<\/em> daroval kostelu pra\u017esk\u00e9mu ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve jeho otec P\u0159emysl (Otakar) I.<\/em> (viz nap\u0159. Smet\u00e1nku, Z., 2010, s.\u00a06).<\/li>\n
  7. Friedrich, G., 1904, s.\u00a0129\u2013131.<\/li>\n
  8. Friedrich, G., 1942, s. 58 (pozn\u00e1mka pod \u010darou \u010d. 1).<\/li>\n
  9. Pln\u00e9 zn\u011bn\u00ed listiny \u2013 Friedrich, G., 1942, s. 57\u201359 (bez insertu<\/em>). P\u016fvodn\u00ed st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd (ofotografovan\u00fd) dokument je dostupn\u00fd na: http:\/\/www.monasterium.net.<\/li>\n
  10. Viz t\u00e9\u017e Petr\u00e1\u010dek, T., 2012, s. 212.<\/li>\n
  11. Klempera, J., 2000, s. 10\u201311, uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee ml\u00fdny s\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdm (st\u0159edoevropsk\u00fdm) slo\u017een\u00edm byly zn\u00e1my ji\u017e ve 12. stolet\u00ed a\u00a0dva vodn\u00ed ml\u00fdny na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed jsou zmi\u0148ov\u00e1ny dokonce u\u017e k\u00a0roku 993, kdy je kn\u00ed\u017ee Boleslav II<\/em>. daroval nov\u011b zakl\u00e1dan\u00e9mu kl\u00e1\u0161teru<\/em> v<\/em>\u00a0B\u0159evnov\u011b<\/em> (na z\u00e1klad\u011b poznatk\u016f sou\u010dasn\u00e9 diplomatiky je v\u0161ak zapot\u0159eb\u00ed poznamenat, \u017ee v\u00a0dan\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b lze cel\u00fd tento v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dokument jednozna\u010dn\u011b ozna\u010dit jako tzv. falzum<\/em> \/velmi sporn\u00fd je i\u00a0s\u00a0ohledem na archeologicky dolo\u017eitelnou \u00farove\u0148 \u010desk\u00e9 hmotn\u00e9 kultury v\u00a010. stolet\u00ed\/). J. Klempera do\u0161el (shodn\u011b s\u00a0\u0159adou dal\u0161\u00edch autor\u016f) k\u00a0n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee nejstar\u0161\u00edm, v\u011brohodn\u011b dolo\u017een\u00fdm, vodn\u00edm ml\u00fdnem je pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e jmenovan\u00fd v\u00a0\u00dan\u011btic\u00edch<\/em>, maj\u00edc\u00ed souvislost se zalo\u017een\u00edm zdej\u0161\u00edho kostela, kanovn\u00edkem Zbyhn\u011bvem <\/em>(1125\u20131140). Je v\u0161ak zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dodat, \u017ee p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b ke stejn\u00e9mu historick\u00e9mu obdob\u00ed lze za\u0159adit i\u00a0zm\u00ednku o\u00a0ml\u00fdn\u011b p\u0159i S\u00e1zavsk\u00e9m kl\u00e1\u0161te\u0159e<\/em> (viz t\u00e9\u017e \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n, L. a\u00a0K\u0159ivanov\u00e1, M., 2000, s. 13).<\/li>\n
  12. Podle K\u00e1brta, J., et al., 1996, s. 184, je v\u00fdraz \u201efid\u0113lis\u201c <\/em>mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ekl\u00e1dat n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmi \u010desk\u00fdmi ekvivalenty: v\u011brn\u00fd, spolehliv\u00fd, oddan\u00fd, poctiv\u00fd, up\u0159\u00edmn\u00fd<\/em>. S\u00a0ohledem na st\u0159edov\u011bkou latinu v\u0161ak \u0161lo sp\u00ed\u0161e o\u00a0\u010dlov\u011bka v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edho<\/em> \u010di pravov\u011brn\u00e9ho<\/em>. Pra\u017e\u00e1k, J. M., Novotn\u00fd, F. a\u00a0Sedl\u00e1\u010dek, J., 1955, I.\u00a0d\u00edl, s.\u00a0554, dopl\u0148uje je\u0161t\u011b ekvivalent sv\u011bdomit\u00fd <\/em>(k\u00a0n\u011bkomu) \u2013 t\u00e9\u017e ve vazb\u011b k\u00a0officiis <\/em>(dat.) (v\u011brn\u00fd sv\u00fdm povinnostem<\/em>). Hled\u00edkov\u00e1, Z., 2008, nav\u00edc uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201eexcludere ab unitate fidelium\u201c <\/em>(vylou\u010dit z\u00a0jednoty v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch<\/em>) a\u00a0\u201ein instructionem fidelium<\/em>\u201c (pro pou\u010den\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch<\/em>).<\/li>\n
  13. U\u00a0K\u00e1brta, J., et al., 1996, s. 83, lze nal\u00e9zt n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 ekvivalenty: pozn\u00e1vat, sezn\u00e1vat, shledat, dov\u00eddat se, sly\u0161et, p\u00e1trat, zkoumat, vy\u0161et\u0159ovat<\/em>. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku znamenalo toto sloveso p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm: pozn\u00e1vat<\/em>, shledat<\/em>, dozv\u011bd\u011bt se<\/em>. Internetov\u00fd slovn\u00edk (http:\/\/www.david-zbiral.cz\/uzivsl-lat-2.txt) v\u0161ak t\u00e9\u017e uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201ecognosco de aliqua re \u2013 rozhodnout o\u00a0n\u011b\u010dem<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  14. Erben, K. J., 1855, s.\u00a098, odli\u0161n\u011b: \u201eZbygneum<\/em>\u201c (p\u0159evzali jsme transkripci Friedrichovu).<\/li>\n
  15. Podle K\u00e1brta, J., et al., 1996, s. 376, jde o\u00a0kn\u011bze.<\/em> Obdobn\u011b viz Pra\u017e\u00e1k, J. M., Novotn\u00fd, F. a\u00a0Sedl\u00e1\u010dek, J., 1955, II.\u00a0d\u00edl, s.\u00a0426, \u010di Smolov\u00e1, V., 2011.<\/li>\n
  16. Jde o\u00a0vazbu akuzativu s\u00a0infinitivem: \u201e\u2026me Zbyhneum, dei gratia sacerdotem (esse)<\/em>\u201c. Infinitiv od slovesa b\u00fdt je vynech\u00e1n (co\u017e je \u2013 jak ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9, tak klasick\u00e9 latin\u011b \u201et\u00e9m\u011b\u0159\u201c pravidlem).<\/li>\n
  17. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku \u010dasto se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed pojem. Patrimonium<\/em> zna\u010dilo: zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00fd otcovsk\u00fd majetek <\/em>(podle \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va), d\u011bdictv\u00ed, jm\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 <\/em>t\u00e9\u017e i\u00a0svobodn\u00e9 pozemkov\u00e9 vlastnictv\u00ed. <\/em>Pozd\u011bji \u0161lo (pr\u00e1vn\u011b) o\u00a0velkostatek p\u00e1na <\/em>(t\u00e9\u017e se soudn\u00ed pravomoc\u00ed). Prvotn\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fatvar P\u0159emyslovc\u016f<\/em> \u010di Mojm\u00edrovc\u016f<\/em> b\u00fdv\u00e1 pak t\u00e9\u017e naz\u00fdv\u00e1n jako kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00ed rodov\u00e9 patrimonium<\/em> (v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi d\u011bjinami \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed se \u010dasto u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pojem patrimoni\u00e1ln\u00ed obdob\u00ed <\/em>\u010di patrimoni\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1t<\/em> \/viz nap\u0159. B\u00edl\u00fd, J. L., 2003\/).<\/li>\n
  18. Ji\u017e ve starov\u011bku \u0161lo o\u00a0staven\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho velkostatk\u00e1\u0159e na venkov\u011b. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s. 283, uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201ev\u012blla, ae, f. \u2013 statek, dv\u016fr, dvorec, vila, letohr\u00e1dek, vesnice, osada, m\u011bsto venkovsk\u00e9<\/em>\u201c. Podle Pra\u017e\u00e1ka, Novotn\u00e9ho a\u00a0Sedl\u00e1\u010dka (1955, II. d\u00edl, s. 659) \u0161lo o\u00a0staven\u00ed stoj\u00edc\u00ed mimo m\u011bstsk\u00e9 hradby<\/em>, statek, dv\u016fr, dvorec.<\/em> Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 latin\u011b tento v\u00fdraz (hojn\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch listin\u00e1ch) ozna\u010doval jen vesnici \u2013<\/em> v\u00a0ojedin\u011bl\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech i\u00a0samostatnou usedlost<\/em>, statek<\/em> \u010di dv\u016fr<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  19. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 \u201eklasick\u00e1\u201c latinsk\u00e1 transkripce by byla asi: \u201eUnetic<\/em>\u201c, podle \u010desk\u00fdch \u201e\u00dan\u011btic<\/em>\u201c. Erben, K. J., 1855, s.\u00a0795, uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201e\u00dan\u011btice, Vnetych, Vnetich, Vnethych, villa in Boh., ubi ecclesia S. Mariae a\u00a0Zbygneo sacerdote fundata (c. 1132) 98, 99; ad capitulum Prag. pertinens (1233) 377<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  20. Synkopovan\u00fd tvar infinitivu perfekta aktiva (vazba akuzativu s\u00a0infinitivem). K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s. 193: \u201efund\u014d, \u0101re, \u0101v\u012b, \u0101tum \u2013 kl\u00e1st z\u00e1klad, zakl\u00e1dat: urbem fundare \u2013 zakl\u00e1dat m\u011bsto; aedes fundare \u2013 zalo\u017eit obydl\u00ed; upev\u0148ovat, utvrzovat: legibus urbem fundare \u2013 z\u00e1kony m\u011bsto upev\u0148ovat: quod sit fundatum perpetuo aevo \u2013 co je ustanoveno na v\u011bky v\u011bk\u016f<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  21. V\u00fdraz ecclesia<\/em> lze p\u0159ekl\u00e1dat r\u016fzn\u011b. Pra\u017e\u00e1k, J. M., Novotn\u00fd, F. a\u00a0Sedl\u00e1\u010dek, J., 1955, I.\u00a0d\u00edl, s.\u00a0213, uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed ekvivalenty: shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, sn\u011bm, k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 obec, c\u00edrkev, chr\u00e1m<\/em>. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 latin\u011b znamenal tento v\u00fdraz p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kostel <\/em>nebo farnost \u2013 <\/em>t\u00e9\u017e i\u00a0n\u011bkdy kl\u00e1\u0161ter<\/em> \u010di diec\u00e9zi<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  22. Erben, K. J., 1855, s.\u00a098, odli\u0161n\u011b: \u201eammonitus<\/em>\u201c (p\u0159evzali jsme Friedrichovu transkripci \/Erben p\u00edsa\u0159e, kter\u00fd v\u00a0roce 1233 \u201echyboval\u201c, \u201eopravil\u201c \u2013 v\u00a0origin\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd je dostupn\u00fd na www.monasterium.net, je mo\u017en\u00e9 u\u00a0osm\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dku zjistit, \u017ee je zde \u201eamonitus<\/em>\u201c\/). Internetov\u00fd slovn\u00edk Liber exquisiti xenii<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201eadmonitio = ammonitio\u2026<\/em>\u201c. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s.\u00a017: \u201eadmone\u014d, \u0113re, u\u012b, itum \u2013 p\u0159ipom\u00ednat, upom\u00ednat, pob\u00edzet; uv\u00e1d\u011bt na pam\u011b\u0165, varovat<\/em>\u201c. Hled\u00edkov\u00e1, Z., 2008: \u201eostendendo admonebimus \u2013 t\u00edm, \u017ee uk\u00e1\u017eeme …napomeneme\u201c, <\/em>\u201eammonitionem tenere \u2013 zachov\u00e1vat napomenut\u00ed, chovat se podle napomenut\u00ed<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  23. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s. 105, uv\u00e1d\u00ed celou \u0159adu mo\u017enost\u00ed p\u0159ekladu: rad\u011bn\u00ed se<\/em>, rada<\/em>, porada<\/em>, poradn\u00ed sbor<\/em>, dobr\u00e1 rada<\/em>, rozvaha<\/em>, d\u016fmysl<\/em>, obmysl<\/em>, lest<\/em>, m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed<\/em>, n\u00e1vrh<\/em>, \u00famysl. <\/em>Hled\u00edkov\u00e1, Z., 2008: \u201eaccedente iuris peritorum consilio \u2013 na radu znalc\u016f pr\u00e1va<\/em>\u201c, \u201ede communi consilio et consensu \u2013 na spole\u010dnou radu a\u00a0se souhlasem<\/em>\u201c. Smolov\u00e1, V., 2011: \u201econsilium, ii n. \u2013 rada, \u00famysl, shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed<\/em>\u201c, \u201einire consilium \u2013 pojmout \u00famysl, zam\u00fd\u0161let<\/em>\u201c, \u201ematuro consilio praehabito \u2013 po p\u0159edchoz\u00ed zral\u00e9 \u00favaze, rad\u011b<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  24. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s.\u00a0266: \u201eloc\u014d, \u0101re, \u0101v\u012b, \u0101tum um\u00edstit, usazovat, us\u00eddlit; fundum locare \u2013 pozemek pronajmout<\/em>\u201c. Pra\u017e\u00e1k, J. M., Novotn\u00fd, F. a\u00a0Sedl\u00e1\u010dek, J., 1955, II.\u00a0d\u00edl, s.\u00a043, dopl\u0148uje dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti p\u0159ekladu: um\u00edstit<\/em>, d\u00e1t m\u00edsto<\/em>, vyk\u00e1zat m\u00edsto<\/em>, na ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edsto kl\u00e1st<\/em>, stav\u011bt<\/em>, usazovat<\/em>, us\u00eddlit<\/em>, kl\u00e1st<\/em>, (t\u00e1bor) rozlo\u017eit, polem se polo\u017eit.<\/em> Hled\u00edkov\u00e1, Z., 2008, nap\u0159. t\u00e9\u017e (v\u00a0kontextu st\u0159edov. latiny): \u201eloco, are \u2013 pronajmout<\/em>\u201c, \u201eomnes fructus et proventus ecclesie… locavit \u2013 v\u0161echny v\u00fdnosy a\u00a0v\u00fdt\u011b\u017eky… pronajal<\/em>\u201c. Smolov\u00e1, V., 2011: \u201eloco, are, avi, atum \u2013 um\u00edstit, zakl\u00e1dat, pronajmout, zad\u00e1vat<\/em>\u201c, \u201eloco, are socium \u2013 najmout tovary\u0161e<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  25. Pra\u017e\u00e1k, J. M., Novotn\u00fd, F. a\u00a0Sedl\u00e1\u010dek, J., 1955, I.\u00a0d\u00edl, s.\u00a0179: \u201ecanonicus, a, um <\/em>[\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2<\/em>] \u2013 pravideln\u00fd, \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd; <\/em>\u2021kanonick\u00fd, subst. kanovn\u00edk (p\u016fv. duchovn\u00ed, kter\u00fd byl zaps\u00e1n v\u00a0kanonu, tj. v\u00a0matrice kostela, op. capellanus)<\/em>\u201c. Smolov\u00e1, V., 2011: \u201ecanonicus, i\u00a0m. \u2013 kanovn\u00edk, kanonick\u00fd, podle c\u00edrkevn\u00edho pr\u00e1va<\/em>\u201c. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku \u0161lo o\u00a0duchovn\u00edho, kter\u00fd p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161el ke katedr\u00e1ln\u00ed kapitule<\/em> nebo ke kapituln\u00edmu chr\u00e1mu<\/em>. V\u00a09. stol. Karel Velik\u00fd<\/em> na\u0159\u00eddil v\u0161em klerik\u016fm spole\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivot \u2013 ten ov\u0161em netrval dlouho, proto\u017ee si klerikov\u00e9 odd\u011blovali sv\u016fj pod\u00edl ze spole\u010dn\u00e9ho majetku nebo alespo\u0148 p\u0159\u00edjmy, kter\u00e9 z\u00a0n\u011bho z\u0159eteln\u011b vypl\u00fdvaly \u2013 za\u010dali tak \u017e\u00edt na sv\u016fj \u00fa\u010det. Tak vzniklo rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi kanovn\u00edky \u0159eholn\u00edmi<\/em> a\u00a0kanovn\u00edky sv\u011btsk\u00fdmi<\/em> (prvn\u00ed vedli spole\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivot, druz\u00ed nikoliv). Novotn\u00fd,\u00a0V., 1928, s. 347, pak pon\u011bkud odli\u0161nou skute\u010dnost v\u00a0\u00dan\u011btic\u00edch<\/em> komentuje n\u00e1sledovn\u011b: \u201eOnen kn\u011bz Zbyhn\u011bv, jen\u017e v\u00a0dob\u011b vl\u00e1dy Sob\u011bslava I. zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 nov\u00fd farn\u00ed kostel v\u00a0\u00dan\u011btic\u00edch, a\u010d s\u00e1m o\u00a0sob\u011b prav\u00ed, \u017ee jest kn\u011bz a\u00a0canonicus, a\u00a0a\u010d tak\u00e9 ony dva kn\u011bze, je\u017e ke kostelu jmenuje, naz\u00fdv\u00e1 duos canonicos, nev\u00e1h\u00e1 cel\u00e9 toto <\/em>zalo\u017een\u00ed d\u00e1vat do vlastnictv\u00ed kn\u00ed\u017eeti Sob\u011bslavovi, tak aby on byl jej\u00edch p\u0159edstaven\u00fdm a\u00a0kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed aby nebyli ji\u017e jeho, Zbyhn\u011bvov\u00fdmi, n\u00fdbr\u017e Sob\u011bslavov\u00fdmi, nedbaje toho, \u017ee se to dob\u0159e nesrovn\u00e1v\u00e1 s\u00a0p\u0159edpisy c\u00edrkevn\u00edmi, pon\u011bvad\u017e canonicus znamen\u00e1 \u2013 v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 protiv\u011b k\u00a0pojmu clericus vagus \u2013 kn\u011bze podle kan\u00f3n\u016f c\u00edrkevn\u00edch dosazen\u00e9ho a\u00a0\u017eij\u00edc\u00edho. Tedy s\u00e1m kn\u011bz, kter\u00fd si jist\u011b na tom zakl\u00e1dal, \u017ee jest <\/em>\u201acanonicus<\/em>\u2018 \u2013 \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b kanonicky dosazen, netoliko nem\u00e1 rozpaky mluviti o\u00a0sv\u00e9m kostele a\u00a0naz\u00fdvati kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0n\u011bmu kanonicky dosazen\u00e9 prost\u011b sv\u00fdmi, n\u00fdbr\u017e d\u00e1v\u00e1 je dokonce do ciz\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed a\u00a0jmenuje laika jejich p\u0159edstaven\u00fdm.<\/em>\u201c<\/li>\n
  26. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 latin\u011b zna\u010d\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm: p\u0159ipustit dr\u017ebu<\/em>, u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em>, postoupit<\/em>, odk\u00e1zat<\/em>, d\u00e1t privilegium.<\/em><\/li>\n
  27. Smet\u00e1nka, Z., 2010, s. 7: \u201eU\u00a0kostela osadil dva kanovn\u00edky, jejich\u017e jm\u00e9na se n\u00e1m \u0161\u0165astnou shodou okolnost\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e zachovala. Byli to R\u00e1\u017e a\u00a0Bezd\u011bd a\u00a0k\u00a0jejich v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b a\u00a0vydr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zorganizoval Zbyhn\u011bv vlastn\u011b mal\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd syst\u00e9m\u2026<\/em>\u201c<\/li>\n
  28. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s. 318: \u201epecc\u0101tum, \u012b, n. \u2013 provin\u011bn\u00ed, vina, chyba; h\u0159\u00edch<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  29. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s. 243: \u201einterveni\u014d, \u012bre, v\u0113n\u012b, ventum s\u00a0dat. p\u0159ij\u00edt, vstoupit mezi n\u011bco, vyskytnout se mezi n\u011b\u010d\u00edm; vm\u00edsit se, ru\u0161iv\u011b zasahovat, zakro\u010dit<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  30. Podle K\u00e1brta, J., et al., 1996, s.\u00a0345, jde o: dorost<\/em>, ml\u00e1de\u017e<\/em>, potomstvo<\/em>, d\u011bti<\/em>, potomky<\/em>. Smolov\u00e1, V., 2011: \u201eproles, is f. \u2013 potomek, potomstvo, d\u00edt\u011b, pokolen\u00ed<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  31. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s. 334: \u201epraecipi\u014d, ere, c\u0113p\u012b, ceptum \u2013 nap\u0159ed br\u00e1t, nap\u0159ed z\u00edskat; nap\u0159ed poj\u00edmat, d\u0159\u00edve poci\u0165ovat; na\u0159izovat, rozkazovat, napom\u00ednat, pou\u010dovat<\/em>\u201c. Pra\u017e\u00e1k, J. M., Novotn\u00fd, F. a\u00a0Sedl\u00e1\u010dek, J., 1955, II.\u00a0d\u00edl, s.\u00a0285: \u201epraecipi\u014d, ere, c\u0113p\u012b, ceptum\u2026 2) metaf. a) na\u0159izovat, rozkazovat, p\u0159ikazovat, p\u0159edpisovat; raditi, povzbuzovat, napom\u00ednat, varovat b) pou\u010dovat, u\u010dit, d\u00e1vat nau\u010den\u00ed<\/em>\u201c. Hled\u00edkov\u00e1,\u00a0Z., 2008: \u201eprecipere, quatenus \u2013 na\u0159izovat, aby<\/em>\u201c, \u201esentencialiter precipere \u2013 p\u0159ik\u00e1zat formou rozsudku<\/em>\u201c. Internetov\u00fd slovn\u00edk Vademecum in opus Saxonis et alia opera Danica compendium ex indice verboru<\/em>m: \u201e\u2026precipere \u2013 vide praecipere<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  32. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s.\u00a0309: \u201eordin\u014d, \u0101re, \u0101v\u012b, \u0101tum \u0159adit, po\u0159\u00e1dat, ur\u010dovat\u2026<\/em>\u201c. Pra\u017e\u00e1k, J. M., Novotn\u00fd, F. a\u00a0Sedl\u00e1\u010dek, J., 1955, II.\u00a0d\u00edl, s.\u00a0175: \u201e\u2026b) po\u0159\u00e1dat, za\u0159izovat, ur\u010dovat\u2026 2) sv\u011btit (na kn\u011bze) ordinovat<\/em>\u201c. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 latin\u011b p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pak ordin\u014d <\/em>= uspo\u0159\u00e1dat<\/em>, za\u0159\u00eddit<\/em>, stanovit<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  33. Viz t\u00e9\u017e Smet\u00e1nku, Z., 2010, s. 7\u20138. Novotn\u00fd, V., 1913, s. 705, podrobn\u011b osv\u011btluje situaci existuj\u00edc\u00ed st\u00e1le i\u00a0v\u00a011. stolet\u00ed a\u00a0prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 12. stolet\u00ed: \u201e\u017de po\u017eadavek celib\u00e1tu, v\u00a0c\u00edrkvi oded\u00e1vna hl\u00e1san\u00fd a\u00a0jinde ji\u017e pozvolna se uj\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00ed, v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch byl v\u011bc\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nezn\u00e1mou, to bychom snad vyt\u00fdkali nejm\u00e9n\u011b. Tak tomu z\u016fstalo v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch na dlouhou dobu je\u0161t\u011b, a\u00a0v\u00a0t\u00e9to dob\u011b kn\u011b\u017esk\u00e9 man\u017eelstv\u00ed platilo za n\u011bco, co se rozum\u011blo samo sebou. Kosmas s\u00e1m, kanovn\u00edk a\u00a0potom d\u011bkan pra\u017esk\u00fd, bez rozpak\u016f mluv\u00ed o\u00a0sv\u00e9m synu a\u00a0zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 do sv\u00e9 kroniky \u00famrtn\u00ed datum sv\u00e9 choti Bo\u017eet\u011bchy. Kn\u011bz Zbyhn\u011bv, a\u010d p\u0159i sv\u00e9m nov\u00e9m kostele \u00fan\u011btick\u00e9m chce m\u00edt kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed kanonicky dosazen\u00e9 a\u00a0\u017eij\u00edc\u00ed, uva\u017euje p\u0159ece tak\u00e9 o\u00a0mo\u017enosti, \u017ee by nez\u016fstavili schopn\u00e9ho potomstva. Ano man\u017eelstv\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed jest n\u011bco tak samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9ho, \u017ee choti kn\u011bzov\u011b d\u00e1v\u00e1 se n\u00e1zev <\/em>\u201apresbitera<\/em>\u2018\u2026<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  34. Zcela odli\u0161n\u00e1 transkripce u\u00a0Erbena, K., J., 1855, s.\u00a098 \u2013 jde o\u00a0\u201ep\u0159epis\u201c. Dan\u00e1 sentence by byla takto velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b p\u0159elo\u017eiteln\u00e1 \u2013 viz K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s. 415: \u201esubsum, -esse \u2013 b\u00fdt dole, le\u017eet vespod, pod n\u011b\u010d\u00edm; b\u00fdt nabl\u00edzku<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  35. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s.\u00a0415: \u201esubstantia, ae, f. \u2013 podstata, obsah, jsoucnost; <\/em>*<\/sup>majetek, materi\u00e1l; pojem, l\u00e1tka<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  36. Erben, K. J., 1855, s.\u00a098 \u2013 u\u00a0klas. latiny je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9 jen: \u201ehaec<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  37. Bohu\u0148<\/em> a\u00a0Bo\u017eena<\/em> (Smet\u00e1nka, Z., 2010, s. 7).<\/li>\n
  38. Erben, K. J., 1855, s.\u00a098, uv\u00e1d\u00ed odli\u0161nou transkripci \u201esubiugavi<\/em>\u201c. Uveden\u00e9mu v\u00fdrazu podle Pra\u017e\u00e1ka J. M., Novotn\u00e9ho, F. a\u00a0Sedl\u00e1\u010dka, J., 1955, II. d\u00edl, s. 503, by odpov\u00eddalo: \u201eposlat pod jho, uv\u00e9st pod jho, podrobit<\/em>\u201c. Internetov\u00fd (podrobn\u00fd) slovn\u00edk Glossa <\/em>[a\u00a0latin dictionary<\/em>] uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201esubiugo, avi i.\u00a0q. in servitutem redigo<\/em>\u201c. Podle Friedrichovy transkripce v\u0161ak \u0161lo sp\u00ed\u0161e o\u00a0\u201esubiungavi<\/em>\u201c. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s.\u00a0414: \u201esubiung\u014d, ere, i\u016bnx\u012b, i\u016bnctum \u2013 zap\u0159\u00e1hnout; p\u0159ipojovat; podrobovat, podma\u0148ovat: gentem subiungere n\u00e1rod si podmanit<\/em>\u201c. Pra\u017e\u00e1k, J. M., Novotn\u00fd, F. a\u00a0Sedl\u00e1\u010dek, J., 1955, II.\u00a0d\u00edl, s.\u00a0503: \u201e\u20261) zap\u0159\u00e1hnout, 2) p\u0159ipojovat, spojovat, dru\u017eit, 3) podrobovat, podma\u0148ovat<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  39. Petr\u00e1\u010dek, T., 2012, s. 212: \u201eK\u00a0udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed kanovnick\u00fdch m\u00edst byl ur\u010den majetek (substanciam), kter\u00fd Zbyhn\u011bv zd\u011bdil po sv\u00fdch rodi\u010d\u00edch. Ve v\u00fd\u010dtu jsou na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b uvedeny \u010dty\u0159i n\u00e1zvem uveden\u00e9 lesy, u\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9ho je zaps\u00e1no i\u00a0pole (sylvam cum campo). Text pokra\u010duje darem osmn\u00e1cti pol\u00ed (agri) \u2013 dev\u011bt dal\u0161\u00edch koupil od sv\u00e9ho bratra. Darov\u00e1ny jsou i\u00a0v\u0161echny louky (prata omnia), kter\u00e9 vykoupil za 450 den\u00e1r\u016f, a\u00a0k\u00a0nim p\u0159ikoupil jedno pole.<\/em>\u201c<\/li>\n
  40. Erben, K. J., 1855, s.\u00a0779: \u201eRove\u0148, Rouen, silva cum campo ecclesiae Vnetich (c.<\/em>\u00a01132) 98.<\/em>\u201c<\/li>\n
  41. Erben, K. J., 1855, s.\u00a098, odli\u0161n\u011b: \u201esilvam<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  42. Jednozna\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159eklad si netrouf\u00e1me uv\u00e9st. Proto jsme pou\u017eili jen \u201e\u0161ir\u0161\u00ed<\/em>\u201c ekvivalent \u201epozemek<\/em>\u201c. Podle K\u00e1brta, J., et al., 1996, s. 60, by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt: pole<\/em>, rovina<\/em>; plocha<\/em>, planina<\/em>, prostranstv\u00ed<\/em>. Pra\u017e\u00e1k, J. M., Novotn\u00fd, F. a\u00a0Sedl\u00e1\u010dek, J., 1955, I.\u00a0d\u00edl, s.\u00a0177, dopl\u0148uje t\u00e9\u017e \u00fahor<\/em>. Smet\u00e1nka, Z., 2010, s. 73, zast\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1zor, \u017ee \u0161lo o\u00a0tzv. p\u0159\u00edloh<\/em>. O\u00a0pojem pole<\/em> (ager<\/em>) samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ne\u0161lo (nebyl by v\u00a0listin\u011b samostatn\u011b specifikov\u00e1n \/viz nap\u0159. formulaci: \u201e\u2026decem et VIII agri, et IX, quem a\u00a0fratre emi\u2026<\/em>\u201c\/). Hled\u00edkov\u00e1, Z., 2008, uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201ecampus \u2013 pole, rovina, pl\u00e1\u0148<\/em>\u201c. \u0160lo tedy podle v\u0161eho o\u00a0\u201epozemek\u201c, kter\u00fd nebyl na p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 sklonit\u00e9m (sp\u00ed\u0161e \u201erovn\u00e9m\u201c) ter\u00e9nu. Tomu by i\u00a0napov\u00eddalo ozna\u010den\u00ed lokality \u201eRove\u0148<\/em>\u201c, kterou by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b lokalizovat cca 1\u2008km ve sm\u011bru na sever od centra dne\u0161n\u00edch \u00dan\u011btic<\/em>. (viz velmi p\u0159ehlednou mapku uvedenou v\u00a0publikaci Smet\u00e1nky, Z., 2010, s.\u00a099). Obdobn\u00fd n\u00e1zor jako Z. Smet\u00e1nka m\u00e1 rovn\u011b\u017e Beranov\u00e1, M. a\u00a0Kuba\u010d\u00e1k, A., 2010, s. 70 (viz t\u00e9\u017e pozn\u00e1mku \u010d. 80). K\u00a0uveden\u00e9mu rovn\u011b\u017e: Smet\u00e1nka, Z., 2010, s. 304\u2013305 (viz, v\u00a0t\u00e9to monografii obsa\u017eenou, dodate\u010dnou pozn\u00e1mku \u010d. 6). Pon\u011bkud odli\u0161n\u00fd n\u00e1zor vyj\u00e1d\u0159il ji\u017e mnohem d\u0159\u00edve Graus, F., 1953, s.\u00a0118.<\/li>\n
  43. Erben, K. J., 1855, s.\u00a0738: \u201eChvatim, Huatym, silva cum campo ecclesiae Vneticensis (c. 1132) 98.<\/em>\u201c. Smet\u00e1nka, Z., 2010, s. 20: \u201eLes byl ji\u017e tehdy z\u0159eteln\u011b vyd\u011blen z\u00a0krajiny, nebo\u0165 \u00fan\u011btick\u00e1 listina, o\u00a0ni\u017e op\u00edr\u00e1me sv\u00e9 \u00favahy, jasn\u011b hovo\u0159\u00ed o\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch lesn\u00edch ploch\u00e1ch, je\u017e dokonce maj\u00ed sv\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed jm\u00e9na jako les Rove\u0148, \u0160t\u011bpe\u0148, Sk\u00e1la a\u00a0podle textu listiny i\u00a0les pon\u011bkud podivn\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na zvan\u00fd Huatym, vykl\u00e1dan\u00fd jako Chvatim, souvisej\u00edc\u00ed podle s\u00e9mantick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy s\u00a0lovem. V\u00a0pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed listin\u011b z\u00a0roku 1221 se nedaleko uv\u00e1d\u00ed i\u00a0les Hlubok\u00e1 (Luboka)\u2026<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  44. Pra\u017e\u00e1k, J. M., Novotn\u00fd, F. a\u00a0Sedl\u00e1\u010dek, J., 1955, I.\u00a0d\u00edl, s.\u00a0452: \u201eecce, interj. ukazovac\u00edho v\u00fdznamu hle, hle\u010f, hle\u010fte, ejhle a) uv\u00e1d\u00ed d\u011bj pr\u00e1v\u011b se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed\u2026 b) p\u0159i v\u00fd\u010dtu uv\u00e1d\u00ed nov\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt\u2026 c)\u00a0je v\u00fdrazem p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed. Velmi \u010dast\u00e9 je spojen\u00ed ecce autem\u2026<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  45. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s. 279: \u201em\u0113ta, ae, f. c\u00edl, meta, ku\u017eelovit\u00fd sloup na obou konc\u00edch n\u00edzk\u00e9 z\u00eddky t\u00e1hnouc\u00ed se st\u0159edem cirku: meta evitata \u0161\u0165astn\u011b objet\u00fd c\u00edl; hranice, konec<\/em>\u201c. Pra\u017e\u00e1k, J. M., Novotn\u00fd, F. a\u00a0Sedl\u00e1\u010dek, J., 1955, II. d\u00edl, s. 87: \u201em\u0113ta, ae, f. 1) ku\u017eelovit\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt, ku\u017eel, zejm. c\u00edl v\u00a0cirku\u2026 2) meton. hranice, meze, konec, c\u00edl: his ego nec metas rerum nec tempora pono \u2013 t\u011bm nekladu j\u00e1 ni hranice \u0159\u00ed\u0161e ni doby (tj. trv\u00e1n\u00ed); longarum haec m. viarum c\u00edl cest; ad metas aevi pervenire; mortis metae = \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u2013 konec \u017eivota; m. utraque sm. v\u00fdchod a\u00a0z\u00e1pad<\/em>\u201c. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm: hranice<\/em>, mez<\/em>, c\u00edl<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  46. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s.\u00a0271: \u201emagnus, a, um \u2013 velk\u00fd, velik\u00fd \u2013 v\u00a0superl.: nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, p\u0159evelik\u00fd, velmi velik\u00fd; rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd, siln\u00fd, prudk\u00fd: magnum iter \u2013 dlouh\u00fd pochod; magna pecunia \u2013 mnoho pen\u011bz; magna vox \u2013 siln\u00fd hlas; o\u00a0v\u00e1ze \u2013 t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd: maior compes \u2013 t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed pouto; po\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd, vydatn\u00fd: cena magna \u2013 vydatn\u00fd ob\u011bd; mocn\u00fd, d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd, v\u00fdznamn\u00fd, vzne\u0161en\u00fd\u2026<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  47. Podrobn\u011b viz Smet\u00e1nku, Z., 2010, s. 99. Podle jeho n\u00e1zoru \u0161lo o\u00a0trasu vedouc\u00ed ve stejn\u00e9m sm\u011bru jako st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed silnice spojuj\u00edc\u00ed Suchdol<\/em> se Statenicemi<\/em>. Sp\u00ed\u0161e se domn\u00edv\u00e1me, \u017ee \u0161lo naopak o\u00a0cestu vedouc\u00ed do \u00dan\u011btic<\/em> a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b pak Turska<\/em>. Jire\u010dek, H., 1863, s. 18, uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201eTursko bylo protknuto hlavn\u00ed drahou od Prahy na sever (magna via, quae vadit ad Pragam 1132 <\/em>\/v\u00a0klas. lat.: vadit Pragam<\/em> \u2013 pozn. aut.\/), je\u017e asi u\u00a0\u00dan\u011btic p\u0159ekra\u010dovala potok Stativnici <\/em>(Slativnici<\/em> \u2013 pozn. aut. \/Jire\u010dek nemohl m\u00edt v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b bohu\u017eel k\u00a0dispozici Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Regni Bohemiae<\/em>\/).\u201c Uvedenou skute\u010dnost velmi dob\u0159e dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 i\u00a0M\u00fcllerova mapa \u010cech<\/em> (1720). Z\u00a0n\u00ed je jednozna\u010dn\u011b patrn\u00e9, \u017ee cesta m\u00ed\u0159ila z\u00a0Podbaby<\/em> sm\u011brem na \u00dan\u011btice<\/em> (t\u011bsn\u011b vpravo se nal\u00e9zal tehdej\u0161\u00ed Suchdol<\/em>). Dne\u0161n\u00ed hlavn\u00ed komunikace vznikla a\u017e pozd\u011bji jako d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e1 silnice (\u201e\u2026von Theresienstadt<\/em>\u201c).<\/li>\n
  48. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s.\u00a0461: \u201ev\u0101d\u014d, ere, v\u0101s\u012b, v\u0101sum kr\u00e1\u010det, ub\u00edrat se, j\u00edt; hn\u00e1t se, kvapit<\/em>\u201c. Smolov\u00e1, V., 2011: \u201evado, ere, vasi, kr\u00e1\u010det, ub\u00edrat se, j\u00edt<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  49. Erben, K. J., 1855, s.\u00a0740: \u201eKali\u0161t\u011b (Kali\u0161\u010de, palus), Calysce, meta de Huatym (c. 1132) 98.<\/em>\u201c. Jde zjevn\u011b o\u00a0zamok\u0159en\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00a0\u00fadol\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho Horom\u011b\u0159ick\u00e9ho potoka<\/em> pod Koz\u00edmi h\u0159bety.<\/em> Podrobn\u011bji viz Smet\u00e1nku, Z., 2010, s. 99.<\/li>\n
  50. Erben, K. J., 1855, s.\u00a0715: \u201eBrdce, Bridce, rupis juxta rivum Statynnice <\/em>(spr\u00e1vn\u011b Slatyunice<\/em> \/Slativnice<\/em>\/), meta silvae Huatym (c. 1132) 98.<\/em>\u201c Jde o\u00a0skaln\u00ed ostro\u017enu Koz\u00edch h\u0159bet\u016f<\/em> vystupuj\u00edc\u00ed jak nad \u00fadol\u00edm st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho \u00dan\u011btick\u00e9ho potoka<\/em>, tak i\u00a0nad \u00fadol\u00edm sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho Horom\u011b\u0159ick\u00e9ho potoka<\/em>. Podrobn\u011bji viz t\u00e9\u017e Smet\u00e1nku, Z., 2010, s. 99.<\/li>\n
  51. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s. 43: \u201easpici\u014d, ere, spex\u012b, spectum (vl. ad a\u00a0speci\u014d) hled\u011bt na n\u011bkoho (s\u00a0ak.), spat\u0159ovat, d\u00edvat se\u2026<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  52. Touto \u201ejinou\u201c sk\u00e1lou je sou\u010dasn\u00e1 tzv. Al\u0161ova vyhl\u00eddka<\/em>, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed nad lev\u00fdm b\u0159ehem \u00dan\u011btick\u00e9ho potoka<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  53. Erben, K. J., 1855, s.\u00a098, odli\u0161n\u011b: \u201erivum<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  54. Smet\u00e1nka, Z., 2010, s. 16: \u201e\u2026\u00dan\u011btick\u00fd potok naz\u00fdvan\u00fd ve 12. stolet\u00ed Slatyunice <\/em>(Slativnice).<\/em>\u201c Erben, K. J., 1855, s.\u00a0786, v\u0161ak uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201eStativnice, Statynnice, rivus juxta rupem Bridce (c. 1132) 98.<\/em>\u201c. Ve Friedrichov\u011b sb\u00edrce Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris regni Bohemiae I. <\/em>(1904, s.\u00a0130): \u201eSlatyunice<\/em>\u201c. N\u00e1zev Slativnice<\/em> (Slatinice<\/em>) zjevn\u011b souvisel se \u201eslatinami\u201c (mok\u0159inami, ba\u017einat\u00fdmi loukami) nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmi se tehdy v\u00a0\u00fadol\u00ed \u00dan\u011btick\u00e9ho potoka<\/em> \u2013 av\u0161ak sp\u00ed\u0161e a\u017e pod \u00dan\u011bticemi<\/em> \u2013 p\u0159ed \u00fast\u00edm do Vltavy<\/em> (v\u00a0katastru obce Roztoky<\/em>).<\/li>\n
  55. Vl\u010dek, V., ed. et al., 1984, s.\u00a074: \u201e\u00dan\u011btick\u00fd potok \u010d. h. p. 1-12-02-010 (III.), pramen\u00ed 0,5<\/em>\u2008km jv. od Kn\u011b\u017eevsi ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 348<\/em>\u2008m n. m., \u00fast\u00ed zleva do Vltavy v\u00a0Roztok\u00e1ch v\u00a0174<\/em>\u2008m n. m., plocha povod\u00ed 47,6<\/em>\u2008km<\/em>2<\/sup>, d\u00e9lka toku 13,4<\/em>\u2008km, pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd pr\u016ftok <\/em>u\u00a0\u00fast\u00ed<\/em>\u00a00,10<\/em>\u2008m<\/em>3<\/sup>. s<\/em>-1<\/sup>.<\/em>\u201c<\/li>\n
  56. Nap\u0159. Jire\u010dek, H., 1863, s. 18.<\/li>\n
  57. Nap\u0159. Klempera, J., 2001 (o\u00a0cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b internetov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek se zde zmi\u0148ovat nebudeme).<\/li>\n
  58. Erben, K. J., 1855, s.\u00a0722: \u201e\u010cepe\u0148 (\u0160t\u011bpe\u0148?), Scepene, silva ecclesiae Vnetich (c.<\/em>\u00a01132) 98.<\/em>\u201c<\/li>\n
  59. Erben, K. J., 1855, s.\u00a0783: \u201eSk\u00e1la, Scala, silva ecclesiae Vnetich (c. 1132) 98.<\/em>\u201c. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti jde o\u00a0lokalitu Na Sk\u00e1le<\/em> (k\u00f3ta 324,5\u2008m n. m.). Podrobn\u011b viz Smet\u00e1nka,\u00a0Z., 2010, s. 99.<\/li>\n
  60. Pra\u017e\u00e1k, J. M., Novotn\u00fd, F. a\u00a0Sedl\u00e1\u010dek, J., 1955, II.\u00a0d\u00edl, s.\u00a0307: \u201epr\u0101tum, \u012b, n. \u2013 louka, lu\u010dina, luh; meton. (lu\u010dn\u00ed) tr\u00e1va, seno, rostliny, kv\u011btiny<\/em>\u201c. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 latin\u011b \u0161lo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o\u00a0louku<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  61. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s. 359: \u201eredim\u014d, ere, \u0113m\u012b, emptum \u2013 zp\u011bt koupit, vykoupit; najmout<\/em>\u201c. Hled\u00edkov\u00e1, Z., 2008: \u201eab hostibus redimere \u2013 vykoupit se zajet\u00ed<\/em>\u201c. Smolov\u00e1, V., 2011: \u201e\u2026vykoupit, koupit zp\u011bt<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  62. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s.\u00a0278: \u201emercor, \u0101r\u012b, \u0101tus sum \u2013 kupovat<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  63. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s.\u00a0159: \u201e\u0113mitt\u014d, ere, m\u012bs\u012b, missum \u2013 vys\u00edlat, vypou\u0161t\u011bt<\/em>\u201c. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 latin\u011b zna\u010dil v\u00fdraz emissarius<\/em> toho, kdo \u201evyh\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em> dobytek na pastvu<\/em>\u201c \u2013 tedy pastevce<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  64. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s. 162: \u201eequus, \u012b, m. \u2013 k\u016f\u0148, h\u0159ebec<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  65. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s. 56: \u201eb\u014ds, bovis, m. a\u00a0f. \u2013 b\u00fdk, v\u016fl; kr\u00e1va; hov\u011bz\u00ed dobyt\u010de; v\u00a0pl. skot, dobytek<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  66. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s. 460: \u201evacca, ae, f. \u2013 kr\u00e1va<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  67. Pra\u017e\u00e1k, J. M., Novotn\u00fd, F. a\u00a0Sedl\u00e1\u010dek, J., 1955, II.\u00a0d\u00edl, s.\u00a0443: \u201escr\u014dfa, ae, f. \u2013 svin\u011b, prasnice<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  68. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s. 331: \u201eporcus, \u012b, m. \u2013 vep\u0159, prase<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  69. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s. 33: \u201eanser, eris, m. \u2013 husa<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  70. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s. 195: \u201egall\u012bna, ae, f. \u2013 slepice<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  71. K\u00e1brt, J., et al., 1996, s. 318: \u201epav\u014d, \u014dnis, m.\u2013 p\u00e1v<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  72. Smet\u00e1nka, Z., 2010, s. 99.<\/li>\n
  73. Viz pozn\u00e1mku \u010d. 42.<\/li>\n
  74. Viz pozn\u00e1mku \u010d.\u00a047.<\/li>\n
  75. Viz pozn\u00e1mku \u010d.\u00a059.<\/li>\n
  76. Erben, K. J., 1855, s. 98, m\u00e1 odli\u0161nou transkripci: \u201erivo<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  77. Podlaha, A., 1911, s. 84\u201396.<\/li>\n
  78. Smet\u00e1nka, Z., 2010.<\/li>\n
  79. Lutovsk\u00fd, M., 2009, s. 45\u201346: \u201eHradi\u0161t\u011b ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako Lev\u00fd Hradec le\u017e\u00ed dnes jen n\u011bkolik kilometr\u016f za severn\u00ed hranic\u00ed Prahy. Zaujalo ploch\u00e9 temeno rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 ostro\u017eny nad lev\u00fdm b\u0159ehem Vltavy. Na severn\u00ed stran\u011b je hradn\u00ed ostroh chr\u00e1n\u011bn prudk\u00fdmi skalnat\u00fdmi sr\u00e1zy k\u00a0\u0159ece, jej\u00ed\u017e hladinu p\u0159evy\u0161uje o\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 60 metr\u016f. V\u00fdchodn\u00ed a\u00a0jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed svahy klesaj\u00ed do esovit\u011b se vinouc\u00ed rokle \u017dalovsk\u00e9ho potoka. Ostro\u017ena je p\u0159e\u0165ata rokl\u00ed <\/em>(dnes naz\u00fdvanou Ve Vikou\u0161i, p\u016fvodn\u00ed pravopis \u201aVe Vykou\u0161i\u2018 l\u00e9pe odpov\u00eddal onomu bo\u010dn\u00edmu \u201avykousnut\u00ed\u2018, kter\u00e9 rokle evokuje<\/em>) sva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed se k\u00a0severoz\u00e1padu do vltavsk\u00e9ho \u00fadol\u00ed; sv\u00fdm opa\u010dn\u00fdm jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edm koncem rokle dosahuje a\u017e ke svah\u016fm klesaj\u00edc\u00edm k\u00a0\u017dalovsk\u00e9mu potoku. Rokle, prohlouben\u00e1 um\u011bl\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkopem, rozd\u011blovala ostroh na dv\u011b v\u00a0podstat\u011b samostatn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti. \u0160\u00edje, kter\u00e1 je dnes spojuje a\u00a0po n\u00ed\u017e vede jedin\u00e1 sch\u016fdn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e1 cesta na vnit\u0159n\u00ed hradi\u0161t\u011b, je um\u011bl\u00fdm \u00fatvarem nasypan\u00fdm ve st\u0159edov\u011bku nebo novov\u011bku. P\u0159\u00edrodou vymodelovan\u00fd \u00fatvar dal z\u00e1klad pozoruhodn\u00e9mu p\u016fdorysu dvojd\u00edln\u00e9ho hradi\u0161t\u011b o\u00a0celkov\u00e9 rozloze 6,4 hektaru\u2026 V\u011bt\u0161ina dodnes viditeln\u00fdch i\u00a0archeologick\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem zachycen\u00fdch poz\u016fstatk\u016f opevn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161\u00ed ran\u00e9mu st\u0159edov\u011bku, hradb\u00e1m vystav\u011bn\u00fdm v\u00a09. a\u00a010. stolet\u00ed.<\/em><\/li>\n
  80. Petr\u00e1\u010dek, T., 2012, s.\u00a0212: \u201eNa Lev\u00e9m Hradci vlastnil p\u016fdu na jedno poplu\u017e\u00ed <\/em>(terra ad aratrum<\/em>), na n\u00ed\u017e sed\u011bl jmenovit\u011b uveden\u00fd du\u0161n\u00edk <\/em>(proanimatus<\/em>), kter\u00fd platil ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b 12 den\u00e1r\u016f kostelu. P\u0159esn\u011b jsou ur\u010deny i\u00a0jeho pozemky, kter\u00e9 byly vzhledem k\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00fdm term\u00edn\u016fm <\/em>(campus, ager<\/em>) a\u00a0k\u00a0jejich po\u010dtu n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t u\u017eity v\u00a0odborn\u00e9 literatu\u0159e jako doklad pro existenci trojpoln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Tyto hypot\u00e9zy byly korigov\u00e1ny Zde\u0148kem Smet\u00e1nkou, kter\u00fd pe\u010dlivou anal\u00fdzou m\u00edstn\u00ed situace dok\u00e1zal, \u017ee se jednalo o\u00a0tehdy obvykl\u00fd p\u0159\u00edlohov\u00fd typ zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti<\/em>.\u201c<\/li>\n
  81. \u017demli\u010dka, J., 1997, s.\u00a0205: \u201eU\u017e jako z\u00e1visl\u00ed lid\u00e9 vstupovali do vztahu k\u00a0c\u00edrkvi tzv. du\u0161n\u00edci <\/em>(animatores, proanimatores<\/em>), kte\u0159\u00ed byli darov\u00e1ni za blaho fund\u00e1torovy du\u0161e. Spole\u010dn\u011b se zvon\u00edky a\u00a0hl\u00edda\u010di kostela <\/em>(campanarii ecclesiae, custodes ecclesiae<\/em>), uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdmi takt\u00e9\u017e p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b s\u00a0p\u016fdou, netvo\u0159ili sv\u00e9bytnou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed skupinu. Jejich n\u00e1zvy sp\u00ed\u0161e nazna\u010duj\u00ed, jak se ocitli v\u00a0nov\u00e9m postaven\u00ed a\u00a0jak\u00e9 jim p\u0159ipadly povinnosti. Geneze du\u0161n\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0kosteln\u00edch \u201aslu\u017eebn\u00edk\u016f\u2018 se vyv\u00edjela slo\u017eit\u011b. Vedle otrok\u016f-nevoln\u00edk\u016f pronikaly do jejich \u0159ad i\u00a0\u010d\u00e1sti zb\u00edda\u010dovan\u00e9ho \u201asvobodn\u00e9ho rolnictva<\/em>\u2018.<\/em>\u201c<\/li>\n
  82. Smet\u00e1nka, Z., 2010, s. 95\u201396.<\/li>\n
  83. Viz pozn\u00e1mku \u010d. 11.<\/li>\n
  84. \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n, L. a\u00a0kol., 2008, s. 13.<\/li>\n
  85. Kotyza, O., 2014, s. 465\u2013467.<\/li>\n
  86. Kotyza, O., 2014, s. 465: \u201eJist\u00e9 kouzlo nepostr\u00e1daly \u00favahy polsk\u00e9 badatelky M.<\/em>\u00a0Dembi\u0144sk\u00e9 o\u00a0mo\u017en\u00e9m v\u010dasn\u00e9m zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed ml\u00fdn\u016f s\u00a0horizont\u00e1ln\u00edm kolem nejen v\u00a0Polsku, ale i\u00a0v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch, nebo\u0165 technologick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tohoto turb\u00ednov\u00e9ho stroje je mnohem jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u\u00a0hydraulick\u00e9ho ml\u00fdna. O\u00a0spr\u00e1vnosti tohoto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pochybuje J. Kl\u00e1p\u0161t\u011b, nebo\u0165 k\u00a0podpo\u0159en\u00ed hypot\u00e9zy Dembi\u0144sk\u00e9 chyb\u00ed jak\u00fdkoliv doklad, i\u00a0kdy\u017e jinak jej\u00ed \u201akniha dodnes z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 cenn\u00fdm \u00favodem do problematiky st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch ml\u00fdn\u016f\u2018.<\/em>\u201c<\/li>\n
  87. Kotyza, O., 2014, s. 465\u2013467.<\/li>\n
  88. Viz nap\u0159. B\u00edl\u00fd, J. L., 2003.<\/li>\n
  89. Ronk\u00e1lsk\u00e1 konstituce<\/em> (Constitutio de regalibus<\/em> \/t\u00e9\u017e i\u00a0ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 jako Lex Regalia<\/em>\/) byla vyd\u00e1na v\u00a0roce 1158 c\u00edsa\u0159em Fridrichem I. \u2013 Barbarossou<\/em> (zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm byli pov\u011b\u0159eni v\u00fdzna\u010dn\u00ed bolo\u0148\u0161t\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edci \/\u201e\u010dty\u0159i dokto\u0159i\u201c\u2013 Bulgaro<\/em>, Martino<\/em>, Ugo<\/em> a\u00a0Iacopo<\/em>\/) v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0kon\u00e1n\u00edm tzv. ronk\u00e1lsk\u00e9ho sn\u011bmu\u00a0<\/em>(11.\u201326. 11. 1158 v\u00a0Roncaglii<\/em> pobl\u00ed\u017e Piacenzy<\/em> \/zde byly c\u00edsa\u0159em mj. p\u0159edlo\u017eeny i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed t\u0159i d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 dokumenty: Lex Omnis iurisdicio<\/em>, Lex Palaci et Pretoria<\/em> a\u00a0Lex Tributum<\/em> \u2013 \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed historick\u00e9 souvislosti i\u00a0oz\u0159ejm\u011bn\u00ed jen m\u00edstn\u011b i\u00a0\u010dasov\u011b omezen\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed platnosti v\u0161ech listin zde uv\u00e1d\u011bt nebudeme\/). Ve zn\u011bn\u00ed konstituce lze nal\u00e9zt n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed formulaci: \u201eRegalia sunt: arimannie, vie publice, flumina navigabilia, et ex quibus fiunt navigabilia, portus, ripatica, vectigalia que vulgo dicuntur tholonea, monete\u2026<\/em> [Reg\u00e1ln\u00ed \/pr\u00e1va\/ jsou tato: \u201aarimansk\u00e9\u2018 dan\u011b <\/em>\/placen\u00e9 t\u011bmi poplatn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed pozemky vlastn\u011bn\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve svobodn\u00fdmi Langobardy \u2013 \u201aArimanny\u2018\/, ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 cesty <\/em>\/m\u00fdta zde vyb\u00edran\u00e1\/, splavn\u00e9 \u0159eky a\u00a0ty \u0159eky, kter\u00e9 se stanou splavn\u00fdmi, p\u0159\u00edstavy, poplatky <\/em>\/cla, m\u00fdta\/, kter\u00e9 jsou vyb\u00edr\u00e1ny na b\u0159ez\u00edch \u0159ek, poplatky <\/em>\/cla, m\u00fdta\/, kter\u00e9 jsou b\u011b\u017en\u011b ozna\u010dov\u00e1ny jako tholoneum <\/em>\/\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je sp\u00ed\u0161e theloneum \u2013 jde o\u00a0latinsk\u00fd v\u00fdraz \u0159eck\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed clo, m\u00fdto \u010di celnici\/, mincovn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo\u2026<\/em>]\u201c. P\u016fvodn\u00ed latinsk\u00fd text: Appelt, H., ed., Herkenrath, R. M., ed., Koch, W., ed., 1979.<\/li>\n
  90. Viz pozn\u00e1mku \u010d. 55.<\/li>\n
  91. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci tzv. pertinen\u010dn\u00ed formule<\/em> (viz nap\u0159. Ma\u0159\u00edkovou, M., 2005, s. 109).<\/li>\n
  92. Ota<\/em>, t\u00e9\u017e naz\u00fdvan\u00fd Sli\u010dn\u00fd<\/em>, byl nejmlad\u0161\u00edm synem kn\u00ed\u017eete B\u0159etislava\u00a0<\/em>(1034\u20131055) a\u00a0jeho man\u017eelky Jitky<\/em>. Narodil se asi 1035\u20131040. Kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed svoj\u00ed smrt\u00ed kn\u00ed\u017ee B\u0159etislav<\/em>, Ot\u016fv<\/em> otec, nechal ustanovit tzv. sta\u0159e\u0161insk\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/em>. Kn\u00ed\u017eetem (vl\u00e1dcem v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch a\u00a0vrchn\u00edm vl\u00e1dcem na Morav\u011b) m\u011bl b\u00fdt nejstar\u0161\u00ed P\u0159emyslovec<\/em>, Moravu<\/em> rozd\u011blil na dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti \u2013 severn\u00ed (Olomoucko<\/em>) a\u00a0ji\u017en\u00ed (Brn\u011bnsko<\/em>, Znojemsko<\/em>). Po smrti Spytihn\u011bva<\/em> (1061) nov\u00fd kn\u00ed\u017ee \u2013 Vratislav<\/em> ud\u011bluje Otovi<\/em> olomouck\u00fd \u00fad\u011bl. Nap\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b jej maj\u00ed spravovat synov\u00e9 Oty<\/em> \u2013 Brn\u011bnsko<\/em> a\u00a0Znojemsko<\/em> synov\u00e9 Konr\u00e1da<\/em>. Ota<\/em> v\u00a070. letech si stav\u00ed zcela nov\u00e9 s\u00eddlo na V\u00e1clavsk\u00e9m<\/em> n\u00e1vr\u0161\u00ed<\/em> (zde vznikl i\u00a0kostel zasv\u011bcen\u00fd sv. V\u00e1clavu<\/em>).<\/li>\n
  93. Pou\u017eili jsme jak text dostupn\u00fd ve Friedrichov\u011b sb\u00edrce (Friedrich, G., 1904, s.\u00a082\u201385), tak text z\u00a0Erben\u016fv (Erben K. J., 1855, s.\u00a069) \u2013 rovn\u011b\u017e pak pro porovn\u00e1n\u00ed zn\u011bn\u00ed publikovan\u00e9 v\u00a0Bo\u010dkov\u011b sb\u00edrce (Bo\u010dek, A., 1836, s.\u00a0162\u2013164). Do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry snad jde o\u00a0falzum \u2013 \u0160r\u00e1mek, 2009, s. 32, v\u0161ak uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201e\u2026jak v\u0161ak rozhodnout, zda kl\u00e1\u0161ter skute\u010dn\u011b jin\u00fdmi listinami nedisponoval, nebo o\u00a0n\u011b z\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu p\u0159i\u0161el, co\u017e pak byl mimo jin\u00e9 d\u016fvod ke zhotovov\u00e1n\u00ed falz? Skute\u010dn\u011b a\u017e do 13. stolet\u00ed posta\u010dovalo kl\u00e1\u0161teru jen \u00fastn\u00ed nad\u00e1n\u00ed spolu s\u00a0dom\u00e1c\u00edmi aktov\u00fdmi z\u00e1znamy?<\/em>\u201c Lze t\u00e9\u017e dodat, \u017ee v\u00a0dan\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je podle v\u0161eho mo\u017en\u00e9 hovo\u0159it t\u00e9\u017e o\u00a0tzv. \u201ehodnov\u011brn\u00e9m falzu\u201c. Pro n\u00e1s je i\u00a0d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 to, \u017ee listina nebyla Friedrichem za\u0159azena mezi tzv. acta spuria<\/em>. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed dopln\u011bn\u00ed (by\u0165 asi do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry ji\u017e ne zcela aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed) \u2013 a\u00a0to n\u00e1zor Dud\u00edk\u016fv, 1884, s.\u00a0143, pozn. \u010d.\u00a02: \u201eZ\u00a0nadac\u00edch listin moravsk\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161ter\u016f pokl\u00e1d\u00e1me z\u00a0t\u00e9to doby za prav\u00e9 formou a\u00a0obsahem nada\u010dn\u00fd list Kl\u00e1\u0161tersk\u00e9ho Hradi\u0161t\u011b z\u00a0r. 1078, nyn\u00ed v\u00a0dom\u00e1c\u00ed dvorsk\u00e9 a\u00a0st\u00e1tn\u00ed listovn\u011b ve V\u00eddni, a\u00a0z\u00a0ostatn\u00edch d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch listin jen listina biskupa Jind\u0159icha olomouck\u00e9ho o\u00a0p\u0159enesen\u00ed domu od sv. Petra ke sv. V\u00e1clavu 1131.<\/em>\u201c K\u00a0uveden\u00e9 listin\u011b se t\u00e9\u017e vyj\u00e1d\u0159il (pon\u011bkud odli\u0161n\u011b a\u00a0sp\u00ed\u0161e skepticky) Fiala, 1960, s.\u00a08: \u201eHradi\u0161\u0165sk\u00e9 listiny se obecn\u011b pova\u017euj\u00ed za prav\u00e9, a\u010d \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e1 interpolace listiny zakl\u00e1dac\u00ed poch\u00e1z\u00ed a\u017e z\u00a0listiny z\u00a0r. 1160. O\u00a0hradi\u0161\u0165sk\u00fdch listin\u00e1ch z\u00a0r. 1078 soudila vlastn\u011b v\u0161echna dosavadn\u00ed literatura, kter\u00e1 se jimi ob\u00edrala, \u017ee jsou jist\u00fdmi v\u00fdjimkami mezi nejstar\u0161\u00edmi na\u0161imi listinami, a\u00a0to hlavn\u011b proto, \u017ee se od nich form\u00e1ln\u011b odli\u0161uj\u00ed svou pom\u011brnou dokonalost\u00ed, tehdy velmi neobvyklou. Od p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho podez\u0159en\u00ed byly v\u0161ak chr\u00e1n\u011bny zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem sv\u00e9ho dochov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je rovn\u011b\u017e mezi na\u0161imi star\u00fdmi p\u00edsemnostmi velmi neobvykl\u00e9. Na tomto m\u00edst\u011b mohu jen znovu tuto v\u00fdjime\u010dnost zd\u016fraznit a\u00a0d\u00e1le upozornit na to, \u017ee i\u00a0ve zkouman\u00e9m okruhu benediktinsk\u00e9m jsou \u2013 jak bude patrn\u00e9 \u2013 ob\u011b listiny \u00fapln\u00fdmi v\u00fdjimkami. Je tedy t\u0159eba, aby listiny hradi\u0161\u0165sk\u00e9 byly znovu podrobeny d\u016fkladn\u00e9mu zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by se po Teigem pe\u010dliv\u011b a\u00a0kriticky ob\u00edralo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm neobvykl\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jejich dochov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/em>\u201c<\/li>\n
  94. Viz velmi p\u0159ehlednou kategorizaci Ma\u0159\u00edkov\u00e9, M., 2005, s.\u00a0106\u2013109, kterou jsme t\u00e9\u017e p\u0159i na\u0161ich \u00favah\u00e1ch vyu\u017eili.<\/li>\n
  95. Kotyza, O., 2014.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    This contribution is the first of a series of thematically similar articles \u2013 the author would like to familiarize the reader with the oldest recorded reports on the utilization of the energy of watercourses in Bohemia during the early Middle Ages.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":3533,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[842,841,843],"coauthors":[552],"class_list":["post-3538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","tag-history","tag-water-energy","tag-watercourse"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3538","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3538"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3538\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30389,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3538\/revisions\/30389"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3538"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=3538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}