{"id":3507,"date":"2017-06-12T08:36:20","date_gmt":"2017-06-12T08:36:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=3507"},"modified":"2024-07-16T12:09:35","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T11:09:35","slug":"cooperation-of-water-research-institute-and-povodi-companies-state-enterprise-within-the-framework-of-radiation-monitoring-network-of-the-czech-republic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2017\/06\/cooperation-of-water-research-institute-and-povodi-companies-state-enterprise-within-the-framework-of-radiation-monitoring-network-of-the-czech-republic\/","title":{"rendered":"Cooperation of Water Research Institute and Povod\u00ed companies, state enterprise within the framework of radiation monitoring network of the Czech Republic"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

 <\/p>\n

Souhrn<\/h2>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek uv\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159ehled z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f upravuj\u00edc\u00edch \u010dinnost V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho T. G. Masaryka, v. v. i., a\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch Povod\u00ed, st\u00e1tn\u00ed podnik, v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Radia\u010dn\u00ed monitorovac\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b \u010cR. Je uveden p\u0159ehled sledovan\u00fdch profil\u016f a\u00a0po\u017eadavky na \u010detnost odb\u011bru vzork\u016f, hodnocen\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f a\u00a0d\u00e1le v\u00fdsledky monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed za obdob\u00ed 2004\u20132016.<\/p>\n\"P7060281_edit\"<\/a>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

Pravideln\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed radia\u010dn\u00ed situace bylo zah\u00e1jeno v\u00a0dubnu 1986 t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed hav\u00e1ri\u00ed v\u00a0jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rn\u011b v\u00a0\u010cernobylu, kdy byla z\u0159\u00edzena Radia\u010dn\u00ed monitorovac\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165. Proces systematick\u00e9ho zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dinnosti a\u00a0vybaven\u00ed Celost\u00e1tn\u00ed radia\u010dn\u00ed monitorovac\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b (RMS) v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 podob\u011b po\u017eadovan\u00e9 evropskou legislativou byl zah\u00e1jen p\u0159ijet\u00edm usnesen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010d. 478 ze dne 14. 7. 2001. Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro \u010dinnost RMS byl p\u0159ijat v\u00a0roce 2002 novelizac\u00ed atomov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona \u010d. 18\/1997 Sb. (z\u00e1kon \u010d. 13\/2002 Sb.) [1] a\u00a0vyhl\u00e1\u0161kou S\u00daJB \u010d. 319\/2002 Sb. [2]. V\u00a0minul\u00e9m roce prob\u011bhla v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 zm\u011bna legislativy \u2013 byl vyd\u00e1n nov\u00fd atomov\u00fd z\u00e1kon \u010d. 263\/2016 Sb.\u00a0[3] a\u00a0vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka S\u00daJB \u010d. 360\/2016 Sb., o\u00a0monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed radia\u010dn\u00ed situace [4].<\/p>\n\"Maresova-1\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 1. Mapa odb\u011brov\u00fdch m\u00edst
\nFig. 1. Map of sampling sites<\/h6>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd T. G. Masaryka, v. v. i. (d\u00e1le jen V\u00daV TGM), se ve spolupr\u00e1ci se st\u00e1tn\u00edmi podniky Povod\u00ed pod\u00edl\u00ed na monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed radia\u010dn\u00ed situace na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uje St\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad pro jadernou bezpe\u010dnost (d\u00e1le jen S\u00daJB) od roku 2004. V\u00a0Referen\u010dn\u00ed laborato\u0159i slo\u017eek \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u00a0odpad\u016f V\u00daV TGM jsou sledov\u00e1ny radioaktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tky v\u00a0povrchov\u00fdch a\u00a0pitn\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch, sedimentech, ryb\u00e1ch a\u00a0vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch kalech.<\/p>\n

Metodika<\/h2>\n

Do monitoringu byly vybr\u00e1ny lokality tak, aby byly do spolupr\u00e1ce zapojeny v\u0161echny podniky Povod\u00ed a\u00a0bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno rovnom\u011brn\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed profil\u016f po cel\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0t\u0159i z\u00e1v\u011brov\u00e9 profily na hlavn\u00edch toc\u00edch (Labe-H\u0159ensko, Odra-Bohum\u00edn a\u00a0Morava-Moravsk\u00fd Sv. J\u00e1n) a\u00a0sedm profil\u016f na vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch (VN \u0160vihov, VN \u0158\u00edmov, VN Fl\u00e1je, VN P\u0159\u00edse\u010dnice, VN K\u0159i\u017eanovice, VN V\u00edr, VN Kru\u017eberk) a\u00a0d\u00e1le profil Praha-Podol\u00ed, kde je sledov\u00e1na objemov\u00e1 aktivita tritia s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010detnost\u00ed. Upraven\u00e1 pitn\u00e1 voda je sledov\u00e1na z\u00a0vybran\u00fdch p\u011bti n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. P\u0159ehled odb\u011brov\u00fdch m\u00edst je na obr. 1.<\/em><\/p>\n

Monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed je prov\u00e1d\u011bno formou norm\u00e1ln\u00edho monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed za obvykl\u00e9 radia\u010dn\u00ed situace a\u00a0formou havarijn\u00edho monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed za nehodov\u00e9 expozi\u010dn\u00ed situace. Za obvykl\u00e9 radia\u010dn\u00ed situace jsou odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny na jednotliv\u00fdch profilech vzorky vod s\u00a0\u010detnost\u00ed 4\u00d7 ro\u010dn\u011b. Jsou sledov\u00e1ny ukazatele obsahu radioaktivn\u00edch l\u00e1tek v\u00a0povrchov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch (celkov\u00e1 objemov\u00e1 aktivita beta po ode\u010dten\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku drasl\u00edku 40, objemov\u00e1 aktivita tritia, objemov\u00e1 aktivita stroncia 90 a\u00a0objemov\u00e1 aktivita cezia 137), ve dnov\u00fdch sedimentech (hmotnostn\u00ed aktivita cezia 137), v\u00a0biomase ryb (hmotnostn\u00ed aktivita cezia 137) a\u00a0v\u00a0pitn\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch (objemov\u00e1 aktivita tritia, objemov\u00e1 aktivita stroncia 90 a\u00a0objemov\u00e1 aktivita cezia 137) a\u00a0kalech z\u00a0\u00fapravy vody (hmotnostn\u00ed aktivita cezia 137). Stanoven\u00ed objemov\u00e9 aktivity cezia 137 a\u00a0stroncia 90 je prov\u00e1d\u011bno ze vzork\u016f vody o\u00a0objemu 20\u2008l, stanoven\u00ed postihuje tyto radionuklidy ve ve\u0161ker\u00fdch l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch. Stanoven\u00ed v\u00a0pevn\u00fdch matric\u00edch je prov\u00e1d\u011bno jedenkr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b, a\u00a0to v\u00a0su\u0161in\u011b (105\u2008\u00b0C). V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ryb je v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 hmotnostn\u00ed aktivita cezia 137 vzta\u017eena na \u010derstvou hmotnost. Odb\u011br, p\u0159ed\u00fapravu vzork\u016f a\u00a0stanoven\u00ed ukazatele celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta prov\u00e1d\u00ed jednotliv\u00e1 Povod\u00ed, s. p., stanoven\u00ed ostatn\u00edch ukazatel\u016f (tritia, cezia 137 a\u00a0stroncia 90) prov\u00e1d\u00ed Referen\u010dn\u00ed laborato\u0159 slo\u017eek \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u00a0odpad\u016f V\u00daV TGM.<\/p>\n\"Maresova-2\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 2. V\u00fdvoj ro\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch celkov\u00fdch objemov\u00fdch aktivit beta po ode\u010dten\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku\u00a040<\/sup>K (c\u03b2K-40<\/sub>) v povrchov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch
\nFig. 2. Development of annual average gross beta activity (c\u03b2K-40<\/sub>) in surface water<\/h6>\n

Jsou uv\u00e1d\u011bny v\u00fdsledky v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e nejmen\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 aktivita (cNV<\/sub>). Hodnoty < cNV\u00a0<\/sub>byly do pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch hodnot (aritmetick\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br) zapo\u010dteny na \u00farovni cNV<\/sub>.<\/p>\n

Z\u00edsk\u00e1van\u00e1 data jsou p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1na do informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu RMS (MonRaS). Jejich zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165uje S\u00daJB v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek. V\u00a0letech 2004 a\u00a02005 byly v\u00fdsledky zve\u0159ejn\u011bny ve Zpr\u00e1v\u011b o\u00a0radia\u010dn\u00ed situaci na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, od roku 2006 jsou v\u00fdsledky sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00edch zpr\u00e1v S\u00daJB.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky a\u00a0diskuse<\/h2>\n

Na obr. 2<\/em> je zpracov\u00e1n p\u0159ehled v\u00fdsledk\u016f sledov\u00e1n\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta po ode\u010dten\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku 40<\/sup>K\u00a0za obdob\u00ed 2006\u20132016. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 hodnota vyhodnocen\u00e1 ze v\u0161ech profil\u016f za toto obdob\u00ed byla m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 0,032 Bq\/l. Ve sledovan\u00e9m obdob\u00ed nebyly zaznamen\u00e1ny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 extr\u00e9mn\u00ed hodnoty.<\/p>\n\"Maresova-3\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 3. V\u00fdvoj ro\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch objemov\u00fdch aktivit tritia (cH-3<\/sub>) v pitn\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch
\nFig. 3. Development of annual average tritium activity concentrations (cH-3<\/sub>) in drinking water<\/h6>\n

Toto stanoven\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u00ed laborato\u0159e st\u00e1tn\u00edch podnik\u016f Povod\u00ed podle \u010cSN 75 7612 [5]. Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0screeningov\u00fd ukazatel. Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0ukazatel mo\u017en\u00e9ho obsahu radionuklid\u016f s\u00a0p\u0159em\u011bnou beta. Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 hodnota postihuje zejm\u00e9na radionuklidy vys\u00edlaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed beta, a\u00a0to r\u016fznou m\u011brou, n\u011bkter\u00e9 nepostihuje v\u016fbec. Slou\u017e\u00ed zejm\u00e9na jako podklad k\u00a0rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o\u00a0pot\u0159eb\u011b stanoven\u00ed objemov\u00fdch aktivit jednotliv\u00fdch radionuklid\u016f ve vod\u011b. Za obvykl\u00e9 radia\u010dn\u00ed situace charakterizuje zejm\u00e9na \u00farove\u0148 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho pozad\u00ed. Za havarijn\u00ed situace by slou\u017eil k\u00a0rychl\u00e9 klasifikaci kontaminace vzork\u016f z\u00a0odb\u011brov\u00fdch m\u00edst. Pro tyto \u00fa\u010dely byla ve spolupr\u00e1ci se St\u00e1tn\u00edm \u00fastavem pro radia\u010dn\u00ed ochranu zavedena metoda rychl\u00e9ho stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta pro \u00fa\u010dely havarijn\u00edho monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed (\u010cSN 75 7613) [6].<\/p>\n

Ostatn\u00ed stanoven\u00ed, tj. stanoven\u00ed tritia, cezia 137 a\u00a0stroncia 90, prov\u00e1d\u00ed vzhledem k\u00a0n\u00e1rok\u016fm na p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed (kapalinov\u00e1 scintila\u010dn\u00ed spektrometrie, gamaspektrometrie) a\u00a0\u010dasovou n\u00e1ro\u010dnost (radiochemick\u00e1 separace) Referen\u010dn\u00ed laborato\u0159 slo\u017eek \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u00a0odpad\u016f V\u00daV TGM ve vzorc\u00edch odebran\u00fdch laborato\u0159emi st\u00e1tn\u00edch podnik\u016f Povod\u00ed, kter\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00fapravu (zakoncentrov\u00e1n\u00ed velkoobjemov\u00fdch vzork\u016f).<\/p>\n\"Maresova-4\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 4. V\u00fdvoj ro\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch objemov\u00fdch aktivit tritia (cH-3<\/sub>) v povrchov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch
\nFig. 4. Development of annual average tritium activity concentrations (cH-3<\/sub>) in surface water<\/h6>\n

V\u0161echny tyto radionuklidy jsou sledov\u00e1ny zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0provozem jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren nejen na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed. S\u00a0v\u00fdjimkou tritia se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0antropogenn\u00ed radionuklidy, kter\u00e9 se do prost\u0159ed\u00ed dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00a0d\u016fsledku vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jadern\u00e9 energie. Tritium vznik\u00e1 i\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi procesy v\u00a0atmosf\u00e9\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Na obr. 3<\/em> a\u00a04<\/em> je uveden p\u0159ehled v\u00fdsledk\u016f sledov\u00e1n\u00ed tritia v\u00a0pitn\u00fdch a\u00a0povrchov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch sledovan\u00fdch v\u00a0r\u00e1mci RMS v\u010detn\u011b vyhodnocen\u00fdch pr\u016fm\u011br\u016f za cel\u00e9 sledovan\u00e9 obdob\u00ed. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tritia byly v\u00a0profilech pod za\u00fast\u011bn\u00edm odpadn\u00edch vod z\u00a0JE Temel\u00edn a\u00a0JE Dukovany zji\u0161t\u011bny hodnoty zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 oproti ostatn\u00edm profil\u016fm. Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed objemov\u00e9 aktivity tritia odpov\u00edd\u00e1 v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u011b odvozen\u00fdm hodnot\u00e1m za p\u0159edpokladu vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed tritia na \u00farovni limitu aktivity, resp. d\u00e1vky podle povolen\u00ed vydan\u00fdch S\u00daJB. Zat\u00edmco pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 objemov\u00e1 aktivita tritia v\u00a0povrchov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch neovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch v\u00fdpustmi z\u00a0jadern\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00a0pitn\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch byla za obdob\u00ed 2004\u20132016 < 1,0 Bq\/l, na ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch profilech to bylo 4,9 Bq\/l (Labe-H\u0159ensko 5,7 Bq\/l, Morava-Mor. Sv. J\u00e1n 4,0 Bq\/l). Samostatn\u011b je na obr. 5<\/em> uveden v\u00fdvoj objemov\u00e9 aktivity tritia cH-3<\/sub> v\u00a0profilu Vltava-Praha-Podol\u00ed spolu s\u00a0ro\u010dn\u00edmi pr\u016fm\u011bry, pr\u016fm\u011brem (13,7 Bq\/l) za cel\u00e9 sledovan\u00e9 obdob\u00ed (2006\u20132016) v\u010detn\u011b ro\u010dn\u00edch kapaln\u00fdch v\u00fdpust\u00ed tritia AH-3<\/sub> podle \u00fadaj\u016f \u010cEZ, a. s., JETE [7].<\/p>\n\"Maresova-5\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 5. V\u00fdvoj objemov\u00e9 activity tritia (cH-3<\/sub>), ro\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch objemov\u00fdch aktivit tritia (cH-3,pr\u016fmR<\/sub>) v povrchov\u00e9 vod\u011b v Praze-Podol\u00ed a ro\u010dn\u00edch kapaln\u00fdch v\u00fdpust\u00ed tritia (AH-3<\/sub>) podle \u00fadaj\u016f \u010cEZ, a. s., JETE [7]
\nFig. 5. Development of tritium activity concentration (cH-3<\/sub>), annual average tritium activity concentrations (cH-3,pr\u016fmR<\/sub>) in surface water in Vltava at Prague Podol\u00ed and annual tritium activity in wastewater discharged from NPP Temel\u00edn [7]<\/h6>\n

Tento profil je sledov\u00e1n podrobn\u011bji, vzorky jsou odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny 1\u00d7 t\u00fddn\u011b. Zji\u0161\u0165ovan\u00e9 aktivity tritia v\u00a0povrchov\u00e9 vod\u011b odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed celkov\u00fdm v\u00fdpustem podle \u00fadaj\u016f provozovatele a\u00a0spl\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed povrchov\u00fdch vod podle na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy 401\/2015 Sb., kde je uvedena pro tritium hodnota ro\u010dn\u00edho pr\u016fm\u011bru 1 000 Bq\/l (p\u0159i vyu\u017eit\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 vody jako zdroje pro pitn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely 100 Bq\/l) a\u00a0maxima 3 500 Bq\/l [8].<\/p>\n\"Maresova-6\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 6. V\u00fdvoj ro\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch objemov\u00fdch aktivit cezia 137 (cCs-137<\/sub>) v pitn\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch
\nFig. 6. Development of annual average caesium 137 activity concentrations (cCs-137<\/sub>) in drinking water<\/h6>\n

Obsah cezia 137 a\u00a0stroncia 90 v\u00a0povrchov\u00fdch i\u00a0pitn\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch je i\u00a0p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vzork\u016f o\u00a0objemu 20\u2008l na hranic\u00edch m\u011b\u0159itelnosti (v\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00fdsledk\u016f je men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e nejmen\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 aktivita) a\u00a0odpov\u00edd\u00e1 rezidu\u00e1ln\u00edmu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed po atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch testech jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed a\u00a0hav\u00e1rii jadern\u00e9ho reaktoru v\u00a0\u010cernobylu v\u00a0minul\u00e9m stolet\u00ed. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 koncentrace cezia 137 a\u00a0stroncia 90 v\u00a0pitn\u00fdch a\u00a0povrchov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch byla za obdob\u00ed 2006\u20132016 < 0,001 Bq\/l, resp. < 0,003 Bq\/l. Na profilech ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch provozem jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny nebyly zaznamen\u00e1ny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hodnoty. V\u00fdsledky sledov\u00e1n\u00ed cezia 137 jsou pro uk\u00e1zku na obr. 6 <\/em>a\u00a07<\/em>. Zat\u00edmco v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tritia m\u016f\u017eeme detekovat prokazateln\u00fd vliv na\u0161ich jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren na povrchov\u00e9 vody ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 jejich v\u00fdpustmi (kter\u00e9 spl\u0148uj\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9 limity), v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b cezia 137 a\u00a0stroncia 90 je teoretick\u00fd vliv elektr\u00e1ren v\u00fdznamn\u011b men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dozn\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed um\u011bl\u00fdmi radionuklidy z\u00a0minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Zji\u0161\u0165ovan\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity jsou o\u00a0t\u0159i \u0159\u00e1dy ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e hodnoty pro p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 maximum podle NV 401\/2015 Sb. (2, resp. 1 Bq\/l) a\u00a0dva \u0159\u00e1dy ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e je norma environment\u00e1ln\u00ed kvality \u2013 ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br (0,5, resp. 0,2 Bq\/l) [8].<\/p>\n\"Maresova-7\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 7. V\u00fdvoj ro\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch objemov\u00fdch aktivit cezia 137 (cCs-137<\/sub>) v povrchov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch
\nFig. 7. Development of annual average caesium 137 activity concentrations (cCs-137<\/sub>) in surface water<\/h6>\n

Cezium 137 v\u00a0pevn\u00fdch matric\u00edch je m\u011b\u0159eno spolehliv\u011b (m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 aktivity jsou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e nejmen\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 aktivita). P\u0159ehled dosavadn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f sledov\u00e1n\u00ed cezia 137 v\u00a0sedimentech je uveden na obr. 8<\/em> a\u00a0v\u00a0ryb\u00e1ch na obr. 9<\/em>. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hmotnostn\u00ed aktivita cezia 137 byla zji\u0161t\u011bna ve vzorc\u00edch sediment\u016f VN \u0158\u00edmov (pr\u016fm\u011br za obdob\u00ed 2004\u20132016 103 Bq\/kg), v\u00a0ryb\u00e1ch VN Fl\u00e1je (pr\u016fm\u011br 2004\u20132016 3,9 Bq\/kg) a\u00a0ve vzorc\u00edch vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch kal\u016f \u00daV \u0160varec a\u00a0Mezibo\u0159\u00ed (pr\u016fm\u011br 2004\u20132016 9,7 Bq\/kg, resp. 9,6 Bq\/kg). I\u00a0v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pevn\u00fdch matric je hlavn\u00edm zdrojem cezia 137 rezidu\u00e1ln\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed po atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch testech jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed a\u00a0hav\u00e1rii jadern\u00e9ho reaktoru v\u00a0\u010cernobylu v\u00a0minul\u00e9m stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\"Maresova-8\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 8. V\u00fdvoj hmotnostn\u00edch aktivit cezia 137 (aCs-137<\/sub>) v sedimentech
\nFig. 8. Development of caesium 137 activity concentrations (aCs-137<\/sub>) in sediments<\/h6>\n\"Maresova-9\"<\/a>\n
Obr. 9. V\u00fdvoj hmotnostn\u00edch aktivit cezia 137 (aCs-137<\/sub>) v ryb\u00e1ch
\nFig. 9. Development of caesium 137 activity concentrations (aCs-137<\/sub>) in fi sh<\/h6>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd T. G. Masaryka, v. v. i., se od roku 2004 pod\u00edl\u00ed ve spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0podniky Povod\u00ed na monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed radia\u010dn\u00ed situace, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uje St\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad pro jadernou bezpe\u010dnost. Laborato\u0159e Povod\u00ed, s. p., prov\u00e1d\u00ed odb\u011br vzork\u016f a\u00a0screeningov\u00e9 stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta. Stanoven\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch ukazatel\u016f obsahu radioaktivn\u00edch l\u00e1tek \u2013 tritia, cesia 137 a\u00a0stroncia 90 je prov\u00e1d\u011bno ve V\u00daV TGM. Tato spolupr\u00e1ce je v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0kontextu zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed havarijn\u00edho monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011bhem nehodov\u00e9 expozi\u010dn\u00ed situace. Pro tyto \u00fa\u010dely jsou St\u00e1tn\u00edm \u00fa\u0159adem pro jadernou bezpe\u010dnost pravideln\u011b po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1na porovn\u00e1vac\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00e1 cvi\u010den\u00ed v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch laborato\u0159\u00edch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The paper sums up the legislative framework and cooperation of TGM Water Research Institute and Povod\u00ed companies, state enterprises.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":3487,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[833,832,480,392,316],"coauthors":[327,237,238,239],"class_list":["post-3507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydrochemistry-radioecology-microbiology","tag-drink-water","tag-radiation-monitoring-network","tag-radionuclides","tag-sediments","tag-surface-water"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3507","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3507"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3507\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30394,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3507\/revisions\/30394"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3487"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3507"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=3507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}