{"id":3496,"date":"2017-06-12T08:36:16","date_gmt":"2017-06-12T08:36:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=3496"},"modified":"2024-07-16T12:08:53","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T11:08:53","slug":"actual-situation-of-the-protection-zones-of-water-resources-problems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2017\/06\/actual-situation-of-the-protection-zones-of-water-resources-problems\/","title":{"rendered":"Actual situation of the protection zones of water resources problems"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle fa-3x pull-left\"><\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Souhrn<\/h2>\n<p>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed situace v\u00a0oblasti ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f (d\u00e1le tak\u00e9 OPVZ) je v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice dlouhodob\u011b problematick\u00e1, a\u00a0to nejen z\u00a0hlediska jejich vymezov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho nastaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed \u010di dostupnosti dat ve\u0159ejnosti. Ochrann\u00e1 p\u00e1sma jsou v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice vymezov\u00e1na ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 50\u00a0let, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e mnoh\u00e1 z\u00a0nich jsou st\u00e1le v\u00a0platnosti, a\u00a0to i\u00a0p\u0159es objektivn\u00ed d\u016fvody ke zm\u011bn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00a0hlediska legislativn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f se vymezov\u00e1n\u00ed OPVZ pohybuje v\u00a0nesourod\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Jednak zde plat\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka \u010d. 137\/1999 Sb., kterou se stanov\u00ed seznam vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00e1sady pro stanoven\u00ed a\u00a0zm\u011bny ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f [1], jednak se vymezov\u00e1n\u00ed OPVZ \u0159\u00edd\u00ed zejm\u00e9na \u00a7 30 z\u00e1kona \u010d. 254\/2001 Sb., o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch a\u00a0o\u00a0zm\u011bn\u011b n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f (vodn\u00ed z\u00e1kon) ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f [2]. T\u00edm mohou vznikat odli\u0161n\u00e9 postoje k\u00a0cel\u00e9 problematice.<\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Korinek-1.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-3496];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3444 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Korinek-1.jpg\" alt=\"Korinek-1\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Korinek-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Korinek-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Korinek-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/533;\" \/><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<h6>Obr. 1. Silni\u010dn\u00ed most d\u00e1lnice D1 p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed vod\u00e1renskou n\u00e1dr\u017e \u0160vihov u\u00a0obce P\u00ed\u0161\u0165 (2016)<br \/>\nFig. 1. Road bridge of D1 highway crossing a\u00a0water supply reservoir \u0160vihov near the village P\u00eds\u0165 (2016)<\/h6>\n<h2>\u00davod<\/h2>\n<p>Historick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj vymezov\u00e1n\u00ed OPVZ na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed je z\u00a0hlediska pochopen\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed situace z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edstupy k\u00a0ochrann\u00fdm p\u00e1sm\u016fm se v\u00a0minulosti li\u0161ily a\u00a0je dnes obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 nahl\u00ed\u017eet na v\u0161echna OPVZ jednotn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud je \u0159e\u010d o\u00a0vodn\u00edm zdroji, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed ochranu stanovenou p\u0159ed rokem 1955, d\u00e1 se o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9m dokumentu spr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu bude uvedeno \u00fazem\u00ed, na kter\u00fdch plat\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 z\u00e1sady a\u00a0podm\u00ednky. V\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nebude z\u0159ejm\u011b je\u0161t\u011b pou\u017eit pojem \u201eochrann\u00e9 p\u00e1smo vodn\u00edho zdroje\u201c, ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b v\u0161ak toto opat\u0159en\u00ed bylo v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b platn\u00e9 a\u00a0pro dot\u010den\u00e9 subjekty z\u00e1vazn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00a0\u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed z\u00e1kona \u010d. 11\/1955 Sb., o\u00a0vodn\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed stanovoval vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd org\u00e1n po proveden\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ji\u017e ochrann\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed. Ochrana vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f se stala z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed nejen vodohospod\u00e1\u0159\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 hygienick\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f. V\u00a0t\u00e9to souvislosti byly vyd\u00e1ny sm\u011brnice Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed a\u00a0\u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed \u010d. 14\/1954 Sb., Hygienick\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy pro stanoven\u00ed p\u00e1sem hygienick\u00e9 ochrany kolem zdroj\u016f ur\u010den\u00fdch k\u00a0hromadn\u00e9mu z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed pitnou a\u00a0u\u017eitkovou vodou.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011b do\u0161lo vyd\u00e1n\u00edm z\u00e1kona \u010d. 20\/1966 Sb., o\u00a0p\u00e9\u010di o\u00a0zdrav\u00ed lidu. Zde bylo k\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00fdm \u00fakon\u016fm, mj. i\u00a0k\u00a0vymezen\u00ed p\u00e1sem hygienick\u00e9 ochrany (d\u00e1le tak\u00e9 PHO), zapot\u0159eb\u00ed z\u00e1vazn\u00e9ho posudku org\u00e1nu hygienick\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Jak vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0n\u00e1zvu typu vymezen\u00ed \u2013 p\u00e1sma \u2013 jednalo se o\u00a0ochranu plo\u0161nou, zpravidla v\u00a0cel\u00e9m povod\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy vznikl\u00e9 po roce 1955 lze pova\u017eovat za po\u010d\u00e1tky koncepce speci\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrany vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1sadn\u00edm krokem bylo vyd\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kona \u010d. 138\/1973 Sb., o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch a\u00a0sm\u011brnice Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed a\u00a0hlavn\u00edho hygienika \u010cSR \u010d. 51\/1979 o\u00a0hlavn\u00edch hygienick\u00fdch z\u00e1sad\u00e1ch pro stanoven\u00ed vymezen\u00ed a\u00a0vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f ur\u010den\u00fdch k\u00a0hromadn\u00e9mu z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed pitnou a\u00a0u\u017eitkovou vodou a\u00a0pro z\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. Ta byla registrov\u00e1na v\u00a0\u010d\u00e1sti 20\/1979 Sb\u00edrky z\u00e1kon\u016f jako obecn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00fd p\u0159edpis. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0dob\u011b platnosti t\u011bchto dokument\u016f bylo na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 (resp. \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9) republiky jednotnou metodikou navr\u017eeno n\u011bkolik set p\u00e1sem hygienick\u00e9 ochrany vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f povrchov\u00fdch a\u00a0podzemn\u00edch vod. Jednotn\u00fd byl v\u00a0podstat\u011b tak\u00e9 soubor z\u00e1kaz\u016f a\u00a0omezuj\u00edc\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed vztahuj\u00edc\u00edch se na \u00fazem\u00ed stanoven\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem. Principi\u00e1ln\u011b bylo kolem ka\u017ed\u00e9ho j\u00edmac\u00edho objektu vymezeno p\u00e1smo hygienick\u00e9 ochrany 1. stupn\u011b a\u00a0d\u00e1le dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti p\u00e1sma hygienick\u00e9 ochrany 2. stupn\u011b \u2013 vnit\u0159n\u00ed a\u00a0vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. U\u00a0vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti byla v\u011bt\u0161inou vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na nebo odhadnuta doba 50 denn\u00edho zdr\u017een\u00ed vody v\u00a0horninov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, u\u00a0vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti pak bylo po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1no s\u00a0infiltra\u010dn\u00edm povod\u00edm dan\u00e9ho vodn\u00edho zdroje. Cel\u00e1 \u0159ada takto spr\u00e1vn\u00edm rozhodnut\u00edm vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f stanoven\u00fdch p\u00e1sem je v\u00a0platnosti do dne\u0161n\u00ed doby, proto\u017ee tato spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed nebyla pozd\u011bji zru\u0161ena ani nebyla \u010dasov\u011b omezena.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e1sma stanoven\u00e1 t\u011bmito postupy vych\u00e1zela z\u00a0pom\u011brn\u011b nep\u0159esn\u00fdch dat, resp. ur\u010dit\u00e9 nejistoty p\u0159irozen\u011b vypl\u00fdvaly z\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho nedostatku pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f. V\u00a0cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0p\u00e1sma p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 \u010di centricky stanoven\u00e1, kter\u00e1 mnohdy ani nerespektovala sm\u011br p\u0159\u00edtoku vody k\u00a0j\u00edmac\u00edmu \u00fazem\u00ed. Rovn\u011b\u017e tento p\u0159\u00edstup \u010dasto nerespektoval m\u00edstn\u00ed specifick\u00e9 hydrogeologick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00a0prvn\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011b v\u00a0r\u00e1mci samostatn\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky do\u0161lo po vyd\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kona \u010d. 14\/1998 Sb. (tzv. Mal\u00e1 novela vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona), resp. vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky M\u017dP \u010d. 137\/1999 Sb., kterou se stanov\u00ed seznam vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00e1sady pro stanoven\u00ed a\u00a0zm\u011bny ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f a\u00a0kter\u00e1 sou\u010dasn\u011b zru\u0161ila sm\u011brnici \u010d. 51\/1979. Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bnou byla redukce ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem pouze na dva stupn\u011b a\u00a0d\u00e1le vznik institutu individu\u00e1ln\u00edho posouzen\u00ed jak rozsahu ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem, tak n\u00e1vrh\u016f limituj\u00edc\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee budou odvozeny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm od anal\u00fdzy rizika ohro\u017een\u00ed vydatnosti, jakosti nebo zdravotn\u00ed nez\u00e1vadnosti vodn\u00edho zdroje [3].<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se OPVZ podle ustanoven\u00ed \u00a7\u00a030 vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona (tzv. Velk\u00e1 novela vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona) stanovuj\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem ochrany vydatnosti, jakosti a\u00a0zdravotn\u00ed nez\u00e1vadnosti vodn\u00edho zdroje vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho nebo vyu\u017eiteln\u00e9ho jen pro z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed pitnou vodou. Uveden\u00fd zp\u016fsob ochrany vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f je tzv. speci\u00e1ln\u00ed ochranou vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, kter\u00e1 je zcela individu\u00e1ln\u011b stanovena v\u017edy pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed individu\u00e1ln\u00edm spr\u00e1vn\u00edm aktem p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho vodopr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu, tj. jeho spr\u00e1vn\u00edm rozhodnut\u00edm, podle z\u00e1kona \u010d. 500\/2004 Sb., spr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d, resp. opat\u0159en\u00edm obecn\u00e9 povahy po novele vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona z\u00e1konem \u010d. 150\/2010 Sb. [4, 5].<\/p>\n<p>Podle \u00a7 30 odst. 13 vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona \u010d. 254\/2001 Sb. Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010cR zmocn\u011bn\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161kou stanov\u00ed seznam vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00e1sady pro stanoven\u00ed a\u00a0zm\u011bny ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Tato vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka v\u0161ak od doby vzniku sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona (za 15\u00a0let jeho platnosti) nebyla p\u0159ijata, tak\u017ee i\u00a0nad\u00e1le plat\u00ed s\u00a0vodn\u00edm z\u00e1konem ne zcela kompatibiln\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka p\u016fvodn\u00ed \u010d. 137\/1999 Sb.<\/p>\n<h2>Metodika, podklady<\/h2>\n<p>N\u00e1vrh aktualizace legislativn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a\u00a0metodick\u00fdch postup\u016f pro stanoven\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f byl zpracov\u00e1n v\u00a0roce 2016 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu Podpora v\u00fdkonu st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy v\u00a0oblasti voda, \u010d\u00e1st Odborn\u00e1 podpora legislativn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f v\u00a0r\u00e1mci vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, jeho\u017e zadavatelem bylo Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010cR a\u00a0zpracovatelem V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd T. G. Masaryka, ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 instituce.<\/p>\n<p>Metodicky bylo nutno vych\u00e1zet z\u00a0relevantn\u00edch aktu\u00e1ln\u011b platn\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f a\u00a0d\u00e1le z\u00a0metodick\u00fdch dokument\u016f a\u00a0doporu\u010den\u00ed, p\u0159esto\u017ee tyto nebyly doposud uvedeny v\u00a0platnost. Hlavn\u00ed obecn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy jsou:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>z\u00e1kon \u010d. 254\/2001 Sb., o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch a\u00a0o\u00a0zm\u011bn\u011b n\u011bkter\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f (vodn\u00ed z\u00e1kon), ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f,<\/li>\n<li>vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka M\u017dP \u010d. 137\/1999 Sb., kterou se stanov\u00ed seznam vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00e1sady pro stanoven\u00ed a\u00a0zm\u011bny ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed relevantn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka \u010d. 501\/2006 Sb., o\u00a0obecn\u00fdch po\u017eadavc\u00edch na vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka \u010d. 26\/2007 Sb., kterou se prov\u00e1d\u00ed z\u00e1kon \u010d. 265\/1992 Sb., o\u00a0z\u00e1pisech vlastnick\u00fdch a\u00a0jin\u00fdch v\u011bcn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v k\u00a0nemovitostem, ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, a\u00a0z\u00e1kon \u010d. 344\/1992 Sb., o\u00a0katastru nemovitost\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky (katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kon), ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, (katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka),<\/li>\n<li>z\u00e1kon \u010d. 334\/1992 Sb., o\u00a0ochran\u011b zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho p\u016fdn\u00edho fondu,<\/li>\n<li>z\u00e1kon \u010d. 289\/1995 Sb., o\u00a0les\u00edch,<\/li>\n<li>vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka \u010d. 268\/2009 Sb., o\u00a0technick\u00fdch po\u017eadavc\u00edch na stavby,<\/li>\n<li>vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka \u010d. 590\/2002 Sb., o\u00a0technick\u00fdch po\u017eadavc\u00edch na vodn\u00ed d\u00edla,<\/li>\n<li>z\u00e1kon \u010d. 139\/2002 Sb., o\u00a0pozemkov\u00fdch \u00faprav\u00e1ch,<\/li>\n<li>z\u00e1kon \u010d. 326\/2004 Sb., o\u00a0rostlinol\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010di a\u00a0o\u00a0zm\u011bn\u011b n\u011bkter\u00fdch souvisej\u00edc\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Problematickou oblast\u00ed p\u0159i tvorb\u011b OPVZ je tak\u00e9 doposud nerealizovan\u00e9 sjednocen\u00ed postup\u016f pro stanovov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0zm\u011bny ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem. Posledn\u00ed verze p\u0159ipravovan\u00fdch dokument\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly zpracovateli poskytnuty, poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0roku 2012:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tvorba metodik pro vymezov\u00e1n\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va, V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav meliorac\u00ed a\u00a0ochrany p\u016fdy, v. v. i., Praha, \u00fanor 2012,<\/li>\n<li>Metodika pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dokumentace ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem povrchov\u00fdch vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav meliorac\u00ed a\u00a0ochrany p\u016fdy, v. v. i., Povod\u00ed Vltavy, st\u00e1tn\u00ed podnik, Praha, \u00fanor 2012,<\/li>\n<li>Katalog opat\u0159en\u00ed OPVZ, V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav meliorac\u00ed a\u00a0ochrany p\u016fdy, v. v. i., Povod\u00ed Vltavy, st\u00e1tn\u00ed podnik, Praha, \u00fanor 2012,<\/li>\n<li>Ideov\u00fd n\u00e1vrh sm\u011brnice pro stanoven\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f podzemn\u00ed vody, V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav meliorac\u00ed a\u00a0ochrany p\u016fdy, v. v. i., Povod\u00ed Vltavy, st\u00e1tn\u00ed podnik, Praha, \u00fanor 2012,<\/li>\n<li>Metodick\u00e9 doporu\u010den\u00ed k\u00a0\u00a7 2, odstavec 3 a\u00a04, vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky \u010d. 137\/1999 Sb. po jej\u00ed navrhovan\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b, V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav meliorac\u00ed a\u00a0ochrany p\u016fdy, v. v. i., Povod\u00ed Vltavy, st\u00e1tn\u00ed podnik, Praha, \u00fanor 2012 [6].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u00fakolu Aktualizace ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho rovn\u011b\u017e v\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu Podpora v\u00fdkonu st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy v\u00a0oblasti voda je dlouhodob\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bna aktualizace a\u00a0ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed spr\u00e1vnosti geoprostorov\u00fdch a\u00a0dokumenta\u010dn\u00edch dat ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f a\u00a0vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed z\u00a0podklad\u016f z\u00edskan\u00fdch od\u00a0krajsk\u00fdch vodopr\u00e1vn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f a\u00a0vodopr\u00e1vn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f obc\u00ed s\u00a0roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou p\u016fsobnost\u00ed, pop\u0159. od spr\u00e1vc\u016f povod\u00ed nebo u\u017eivatel\u016f vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0tyto typy podklad\u016f:<\/p>\n<p>geoprostorov\u00e1 data OPVZ v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9m z\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch datov\u00fdch form\u00e1t\u016f pro GIS nebo CAD (ESRI shapefile, ESRI personal nebo file geodatabase, .dwg, .dxf, .dgn), ide\u00e1ln\u011b s\u00a0polygonovou geometri\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159ipojen\u00fdmi atributn\u00edmi informacemi, skenovan\u00e9 dokumenty (vodopr\u00e1vn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed, mapov\u00e9 podklady) vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdm OPVZ, pap\u00edrov\u00e9 dokumenty zaslan\u00e9 na adresu V\u00daV TGM.<\/p>\n<p>Podn\u011btem pro zm\u011bnu st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch dat jsou tak\u00e9 podn\u011bty od Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, Ministerstva zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edho kontroln\u00edho a\u00a0zku\u0161ebn\u00edho \u00fastavu zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho, zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch dru\u017estev, pop\u0159. dal\u0161\u00edch subjekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 naleznou chyby ve vymezen\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zdrojem informac\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu byly realiza\u010dn\u00ed a\u00a0provozn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti st\u00e1tn\u00edch podnik\u016f povod\u00ed a\u00a0subjekt\u016f z\u00a0oblasti provozu vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch infrastruktur.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00fdsledky a\u00a0jejich diskuse<\/h2>\n<p>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed situaci v\u00a0oblasti ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f lze definovat t\u0159emi z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi problematick\u00fdmi okruhy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>neaktualizovan\u00e9 legislativn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>absence ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch metodick\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a\u00a0postup\u016f pro stanoven\u00ed, zm\u011bny a\u00a0zru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f pro povrchov\u00e9 a\u00a0podzemn\u00ed vody,<\/li>\n<li>absence aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b veden\u00e9 jednotn\u00e9 evidence OPVZ v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u010cR.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti je pak zapot\u0159eb\u00ed v\u011bnovat prostor k\u00a0anal\u00fdz\u00e1m n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch ot\u00e1zek:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>pot\u0159eb\u011b zaveden\u00ed v\u0161ech OPVZ (v\u010detn\u011b PHO) do katastru nemovitost\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>aktualizace a\u00a0sjednocen\u00ed postup\u016f pro n\u00e1hrady za omezen\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nemovitost\u00ed a\u00a0prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed v\u00a0OPVZ,<\/li>\n<li>stanoven\u00ed pot\u0159eby a\u00a0povinnosti pro p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 p\u0159ehodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed OPVZ (v\u010detn\u011b PHO) podle v\u00fdvoje jakosti, vydatnosti nebo zdravotn\u00ed nez\u00e1vadnosti vodn\u00edho zdroje nebo m\u00edstn\u00edch podm\u00ednek.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed teze<\/h3>\n<p>Aby bylo p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu dosa\u017eeno jednotn\u00e9ho a\u00a0koordinovan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu, je nutno stanovit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed teze a\u00a0vyty\u010dit si c\u00edle, na kter\u00e9 je bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u011b nutn\u00e9 se zam\u011b\u0159it. Ochrana vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f by proto m\u011bla b\u00fdt vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fd probl\u00e9m a\u00a0nezbytn\u00e1 pot\u0159eba. Jejich ochranu je nutno jednozna\u010dn\u011b vn\u00edmat jako ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem nad\u0159azen\u00fd v\u0161em jin\u00fdm z\u00e1jm\u016fm v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pozemk\u016f tak, jak je to ji\u017e stanoveno vodn\u00edm z\u00e1konem (\u00a7 30 odst. 1).<\/p>\n<p>Vzhledem k\u00a0existuj\u00edc\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem I. stupn\u011b (nap\u0159. mosty d\u00e1lnice D1 vedouc\u00ed p\u0159es vod\u00e1renskou n\u00e1dr\u017e \u0160vihov, <em>obr. 1<\/em>) je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit nutnost \u00fapln\u00e9ho uzav\u0159en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma I. stupn\u011b z\u00e1kazem vstupu pro kohokoliv mimo odb\u011bratele vody z\u00a0vodn\u00edho zdroje nebo subjektu s\u00a0pr\u00e1vem hospoda\u0159it s\u00a0vod\u00e1renskou n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. Je t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v\u00a0\u00favahu, \u017ee v\u00a0t\u011bchto \u00fazem\u00edch budou i\u00a0jin\u00ed vlastn\u00edci nemovitost\u00ed, ne\u017e je odb\u011bratel vody nebo st\u00e1t, a\u00a0z\u00e1kazem vstupu a\u00a0vjezdu do ochrann\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma I. stupn\u011b je jen nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b zasahov\u00e1no do jejich vlastnick\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. Na tom nic nem\u011bn\u00ed ani fakt, \u017ee stanoven\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edm postupem lze pro vlastn\u00edky nemovitost\u00ed z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0jejich majetku \u2013 \u00a7 30 odst. 7 vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona. Tento postup je zbyte\u010dn\u011b administrativn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Vodn\u00edm z\u00e1konem je jasn\u011b stanoveno, \u017ee \u201estar\u00e1\u201c ochrann\u00e1 p\u00e1sma (nap\u0159\u00edklad PHO \u2013 p\u00e1sma hygienick\u00e9 ochrany) se pova\u017euj\u00ed co do rozsahu za ochrann\u00e1 p\u00e1sma stanoven\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00edm obecn\u00e9 povahy (p\u0159echodn\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed z\u00e1kona \u010d.\u00a0150\/2010 Sb., kter\u00fdm se m\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kon \u010d. 254\/2001 Sb.). Velmi problematick\u00e9 se v\u0161ak toto ustanoven\u00ed jev\u00ed v\u00a0tom, \u017ee vy\u017eaduje, aby ka\u017ed\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 zm\u011bna existuj\u00edc\u00edho OPVZ byla provedena tak, \u017ee se cel\u00e9 OPVZ stanov\u00ed znovu opat\u0159en\u00edm obecn\u00e9 povahy. To velmi komplikuje situaci p\u0159i nutn\u00fdch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch existuj\u00edc\u00edch OPVZ, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b jsou-li velmi rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1. Fakticky lze vid\u011bt siln\u00e9 tendence toto ustanoven\u00ed nerespektovat z\u00a0logick\u00fdch a\u00a0praktick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f. Pot\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit tento princip je tedy velmi siln\u00e1 a\u00a0mus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u0159e\u0161ena p\u0159i nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed novele vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona.<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Korinek-2.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-3496];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3445 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Korinek-2.jpg\" alt=\"Korinek-2\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Korinek-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Korinek-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Korinek-2-768x512.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/533;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 2. Vod\u00e1rensk\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e \u0160ance na \u0159ece Ostravici (2014)<br \/>\nFig. 2. Water supply reservoir on the river Ostravice (2014)<\/h6>\n<p>Ochrana nemovitosti zapsan\u00e9 v\u00a0katastru nemovitost\u00ed by m\u011bla b\u00fdt v\u017edy na celou parcelu (parceln\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo) i\u00a0v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee hranice ochrann\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma prob\u00edh\u00e1 mimo hranice jednotliv\u00fdch parcel. Tato skute\u010dnost odpov\u00edd\u00e1 sou\u010dasn\u00fdm mo\u017enostem evidence katastru nemovitost\u00ed a\u00a0pot\u0159eb\u011b navrhovatel\u016f OPVZ.<\/p>\n<p>Rozhodnut\u00edm Ministerstva zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed ze dne 19. 5. 1998 bylo ulo\u017eeno tehdej\u0161\u00edm akciov\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem Povod\u00ed zajistit postupy pro poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1hrad za omezen\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nemovitost\u00ed v\u00a0ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1smech vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed ve vlastnictv\u00ed subjekt\u016f Povod\u00ed podle Metodick\u00e9ho pokynu k\u00a0uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1hrad za omezen\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nemovitost\u00ed v\u00a0ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1smech vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed podle \u00a7 19 odst. 5 a\u00a06 z\u00e1kona \u010d. 138\/1973 Sb., o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch, ve zn\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kona \u010d.\u00a014\/1998\u00a0Sb. Poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1hrad bylo ulo\u017eeno realizovat na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u00edsemn\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed vlastn\u00edk\u016f pozemk\u016f, pop\u0159. n\u00e1jemc\u016f pozemk\u016f (na z\u00e1klad\u011b pln\u00e9 moci od vlastn\u00edk\u016f pozemk\u016f), a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u00edsemn\u011b uzav\u0159en\u00fdch smluv. Pot\u00e9 vydalo MZe Metodick\u00fd pokyn k\u00a0postupu st\u00e1tn\u00edch podnik\u016f Povod\u00ed p\u0159i poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1hrad za omezen\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nemovitost\u00ed v\u00a0ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1smech vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f podle \u00a7 30 odst. 11 z\u00e1kona \u010d. 254\/2001 Sb. Pokyn v\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku 2 p\u0159ipustil mo\u017enost dohody mezi podnikem Povod\u00ed a\u00a0vlastn\u00edkem, pop\u0159. u\u017eivatelem, bude-li k\u00a0tomu zmocn\u011bn vlastn\u00edkem, o\u00a0pau\u0161\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1hrad\u011b, nebude-li hrazeno prok\u00e1zan\u00e9 omezen\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nemovitost\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 tento metodick\u00fd pokyn stanovil v\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku 4, \u017ee postup p\u0159i uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0vypl\u00e1cen\u00ed n\u00e1hrady za omezen\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nemovitost\u00ed se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed metodick\u00fdm pokynem z\u00a0roku 1998 a\u017e do doby, kdy budou v\u0161echna ochrann\u00e1 p\u00e1sma vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed stanovena nov\u011b podle platn\u00e9ho vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona.<\/p>\n<p>Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee pau\u0161\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1hrady stanoven\u00e9 p\u0159ed dvaceti lety ji\u017e neodpov\u00eddaj\u00ed sou\u010dasnosti, a\u00a0bylo by je t\u0159eba i\u00a0n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it tak, aby byly uspokojeny opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 n\u00e1roky vlastn\u00edk\u016f, pop\u0159. u\u017eivatel\u016f pozemk\u016f. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je vhodn\u00e9 v\u00a0odborn\u00e9 diskusi probrat i\u00a0ot\u00e1zku mo\u017en\u00fdch kompenzac\u00ed pro vlastn\u00edky a\u00a0u\u017eivatele pozemk\u016f za dobrovoln\u00e9 a\u00a0vhodn\u00e9 hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1smech bez pou\u017eit\u00ed prost\u0159edk\u016f na ochranu rostlin \u2013 nap\u0159. zatravn\u011bn\u00ed pozemk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 p\u00e1sma vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, stanoven\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b d\u00e1vno v\u00a0minulosti, jsou ofici\u00e1ln\u011b st\u00e1le platn\u00e1 a\u00a0mus\u00ed b\u00fdt respektov\u00e1na, pokud nebudou zru\u0161ena. Proto je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit mo\u017enost stanoven\u00ed \u201ez\u00e1niku ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f\u201c, pop\u0159. povinnosti jejich p\u0159e-vymezen\u00ed, nebudou-li v\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00e9m term\u00ednu stanoven\u00e9m z\u00e1konem zaevidov\u00e1na v\u00a0katastru nemovitost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00dapravy a\u00a0zm\u011bny legislativn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed ve vazb\u011b na OPVZ<\/h3>\n<p>Novelizace a\u00a0zm\u011bny legislativn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f s\u00a0c\u00edlem sjednotit postupy p\u0159i vymezov\u00e1n\u00ed, zm\u011bn\u00e1ch a\u00a0ru\u0161en\u00ed OPVZ jsou v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 situaci st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. \u00dapravy je nutno prov\u00e9st v\u00a0platn\u00e9m vodn\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u011b a\u00a0v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch relevantn\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpisech a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 je t\u0159eba vydat novou prov\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ku, kter\u00e1 napln\u00ed z\u00e1konn\u00e9 zmocn\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0nahrad\u00ed zastaralou vyhl\u00e1\u0161ku \u010d. 137\/1999 Sb. Diskuse kolem \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed problematiky prob\u00edhaj\u00ed ji\u017e \u0159adu let, realizace se v\u0161ak st\u00e1le odkl\u00e1d\u00e1. Vzhledem k\u00a0omezen\u00e9mu rozsahu p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti v\u011bnov\u00e1na pozornost pouze vodn\u00edmu z\u00e1konu a\u00a0vyhl\u00e1\u0161ce \u010d. 137\/1999 Sb.<\/p>\n<h2>Vybran\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy novely vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona<\/h2>\n<h4>20 odst. 3<\/h4>\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b zm\u011bny vyhla\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f formou opat\u0159en\u00ed obecn\u00e9 povahy je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed upravit slovn\u00ed formulaci v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm odstavci. M\u00edsto slova rozhodnut\u00ed se u\u017eije slovn\u00ed spojen\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed obecn\u00e9 povahy.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eVodopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad je povinen zaslat p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9mu katastr\u00e1ln\u00edmu \u00fa\u0159adu \u00fadaje pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k\u00a0evidenci ochrany \u00fazem\u00ed podle odstavce 2 do 30\u00a0dn\u016f ode dne nabyt\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti opat\u0159en\u00ed obecn\u00e9 povahy, kter\u00fdm byla tato ochrana \u00fazem\u00ed vymezena.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0t\u00e9to souvislosti se rovn\u011b\u017e diskutuje varianta, kdy by v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e1 povinnost, kontaktovat katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad a\u00a0evidovat stanoven\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 p\u00e1smo v\u00a0katastru nemovitost\u00ed, byla p\u0159esunuta na ten subjekt, kter\u00fd podal n\u00e1vrh na stanoven\u00ed ochrann\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma.<\/p>\n<h4>30 odst. 5<\/h4>\n<p>Na konci textu se dopln\u00ed v\u011bta: <em>\u201eOchrann\u00e9 p\u00e1smo II. stupn\u011b se nestanov\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy obecn\u00e1 ochrana vod a\u00a0stanoven\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed ochrann\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma I. stupn\u011b v\u00a0dan\u00fdch m\u00edstn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch dostate\u010dn\u011b zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed ochranu vydatnosti, jakosti a\u00a0zdravotn\u00ed nez\u00e1vadnosti vodn\u00edho zdroje.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Tento po\u017eadavek byl p\u016fvodn\u011b ve vyhl\u00e1\u0161ce \u010d. 137\/1999 Sb. Zn\u011bn\u00ed povinnosti je dosta\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed, m\u011blo by ale b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edmo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed z\u00e1kona a\u00a0odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edho odstavce.<\/p>\n<h4>Z\u00e1kaz vstupu a\u00a0vjezdu do OPVZ I. stupn\u011b \u2013 \u00a7 30 odst. 7<\/h4>\n<p>Stanoven\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 p\u00e1sma vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f jsou v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech velmi rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 a\u00a0v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f jsou situov\u00e1na v\u00a0zastav\u011bn\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed nebo \u00fazem\u00ed siln\u011b zem\u011bd\u011blsky obhospoda\u0159ovan\u00e9m. Je\u00a0proto prakticky nemo\u017en\u00e9, aby z\u00e1kazy vstupu a\u00a0vjezdu do ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem I. stupn\u011b byly skute\u010dn\u011b dodr\u017eov\u00e1ny. Krom\u011b toho povolov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdjimek pro vstupy a\u00a0vjezdy vlastn\u00edk\u016f pozemk\u016f, u\u017eivatele pozemk\u016f, pracovn\u00edky r\u016fzn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed, zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de apod. by znamenalo nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 a\u00a0nadbyte\u010dn\u00e9 administrativn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vodopr\u00e1vn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Je proto logick\u00e9 ponech\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0kompetenci p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho vodopr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu p\u0159i stanoven\u00ed nebo zm\u011bn\u011b ochrann\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma, i\u00a0vymezen\u00ed okruhu osob, kter\u00e9 sm\u00ed do ochrann\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma I. stupn\u011b vstupovat a\u00a0za jak\u00fdch podm\u00ednek.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eDo ochrann\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma I. stupn\u011b je zak\u00e1z\u00e1n vstup a\u00a0vjezd, nestanov\u00ed-li vodopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad rozhodnut\u00edm nebo opat\u0159en\u00edm obecn\u00e9 povahy jinak nebo nebylo-li jinak stanoveno podle p\u0159edchoz\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f p\u0159i stanoven\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edho zdroje.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<h4>N\u00e1hrady za omezen\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nemovitost\u00ed v\u00a0OPVZ \u2013 \u00a7 30 odst. 11<\/h4>\n<p>N\u00e1hrady za omezen\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch pozemk\u016f vlastn\u00edk\u016fm zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch pozemk\u016f jsou prakticky rovn\u011b\u017e problematick\u00e9. Vzhledem ke skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice nehospoda\u0159\u00ed jej\u00ed vlastn\u00edci ale u\u017eivatel\u00e9 (n\u00e1jemci, pacht\u00fd\u0159i), je ot\u00e1zkou, kdo z\u00a0t\u011bchto subjekt\u016f by m\u011bl b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edjemcem t\u00e9to n\u00e1hrady.<\/p>\n<p>Naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch pozemk\u016f je pronajata na z\u00e1klad\u011b dlouhodob\u00fdch n\u00e1jemn\u00edch smluv, jejich\u017e zm\u011bna je problematick\u00e1, a\u00a0to p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b pro odpor u\u017eivatel\u016f zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch pozemk\u016f. Je proto velmi komplikovan\u00e9, jestli\u017ee n\u00e1hradu za omezen\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch pozemk\u016f mohou z\u00edskat jen jejich vlastn\u00edci. Prakticky to proto funguje tak, \u017ee n\u00e1hrady za omezen\u00ed jejich u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed inkasuj\u00ed jejich n\u00e1jemci, na z\u00e1klad\u011b pln\u00fdch moc\u00ed od vlastn\u00edka, pokud mezi nimi dojde k\u00a0dohod\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Prakticky by tedy byly v\u00a0OPVZ vypl\u00e1ceny dv\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9 n\u00e1hrady \u2013 vlastn\u00edk\u016fm pozemk\u016f nap\u0159. za zm\u011bnu druhu pozemku (nap\u0159. orn\u00e1 p\u016fda na trval\u00fd travn\u00ed porost) a\u00a0d\u00e1le n\u00e1jemc\u016fm zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch pozemk\u016f za omezen\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eZa prok\u00e1zan\u00e9 omezen\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed pozemk\u016f a\u00a0staveb v\u00a0ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1smech vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed vlastn\u00edk\u016fm t\u011bchto pozemk\u016f a\u00a0staveb n\u00e1hrada, kterou jsou povinni na\u00a0jejich \u017e\u00e1dost poskytnout v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed vlastn\u00edci vodn\u00edch d\u011bl umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00a0nich vzdouv\u00e1n\u00ed vody, v\u00a0ostatn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed k\u00a0odb\u011bru vody z\u00a0vodn\u00edho zdroje; je-li jich v\u00edce, pom\u011brn\u011b podle povolen\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed odeb\u00edran\u00e9 vody. Nedojde-li o\u00a0poskytnut\u00ed n\u00e1hrady k\u00a0dohod\u011b, rozhodne o\u00a0jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 n\u00e1hrad\u011b soud. N\u00e1hrada za omezen\u00ed obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch pozemk\u016f n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed jejich u\u017eivatel\u016fm (n\u00e1jemc\u016fm, pacht\u00fd\u0159\u016fm) podle zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho p\u0159edpisu.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Princip st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravy je v\u0161ak jin\u00fd. N\u00e1hrady maj\u00ed b\u00fdt vypl\u00e1ceny pouze vlastn\u00edk\u016fm pozemk\u016f a\u00a0vztah mezi vlastn\u00edkem a\u00a0n\u00e1jemcem m\u00e1 b\u00fdt \u0159e\u0161en v\u00a0n\u00e1jemn\u00ed nebo pachtovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b, kde by p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1hrad za omezen\u00ed obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch pozemk\u016f m\u011bly b\u00fdt mezi vlastn\u00edkem a\u00a0n\u00e1jemcem jasn\u011b definov\u00e1ny a\u00a0pops\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n<h4>P\u0159echodn\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed<\/h4>\n<p>Za \u00fa\u010delem \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00edho stavu OPVZ je vhodn\u00e9 tak\u00e9 upravit p\u0159echodn\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0minulosti bylo stanoveno velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u00e1sem hygienick\u00e9 ochrany a\u00a0OPVZ rozhodnut\u00edm p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch spr\u00e1vn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f. Jimi ulo\u017een\u00e1 omezen\u00ed jsou st\u00e1le platn\u00e1. Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed o\u00a0stanoven\u00ed OPVZ bylo z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 jen pro \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky t\u011bchto \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, bylo by jejich vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed problematick\u00e9 u\u00a0vlastn\u00edk\u016f nemovitost\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed nebyli \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky p\u016fvodn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o\u00a0stanoven\u00ed OPVZ. Je proto ot\u00e1zkou, zda by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 stanovit, \u017ee vymezen\u00ed t\u011bchto ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem je z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 v\u010detn\u011b obecn\u00fdch omezen\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nemovitost\u00ed v\u00a0nich v\u010detn\u011b z\u00e1kaz\u016f vstupu, omezen\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pozemk\u016f, hospoda\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0les\u00edch atd. i\u00a0pro pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1stupce p\u016fvodn\u00edch vlastn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Druh\u00e1 zm\u011bna v\u00a0p\u0159echodn\u00fdch ustanoven\u00edch by m\u011bla souviset s\u00a0celkovou evidenc\u00ed OPVZ (v\u010detn\u011b PHO) na M\u017dP \u010cR a\u00a0jejich z\u00e1znamem v\u00a0katastru nemovitost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00a0hlediska ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu je zcela \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed, aby byla v\u00a0katastru nemovitost\u00ed vedena v\u0161echna OPVZ p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm pro obecnou informaci souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s\u00a0mo\u017enost\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed pozemk\u016f a\u00a0nemovitost\u00ed v\u00a0t\u011bchto ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1smech pro p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 z\u00e1jemce o\u00a0koupi nebo u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch nemovitost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je vhodn\u00e9, aby ta ochrann\u00e1 p\u00e1sma stanoven\u00e1 v\u00a0minulosti, u\u00a0nich\u017e ji\u017e nen\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n zdroj a\u00a0nen\u00ed vyu\u017eiteln\u00fdm vodn\u00edm zdrojem, a\u00a0tud\u00ed\u017e ji\u017e nejsou nutn\u00e1, zanikla samovoln\u011b v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee vlastn\u00edk souvisej\u00edc\u00edho vodn\u00edho d\u00edla neprok\u00e1\u017ee pot\u0159ebnou aktivitu.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201eSubjekty, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo vodu z\u00a0vodn\u00edho zdroje odeb\u00edrat, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ti, kte\u0159\u00ed o\u00a0takov\u00e9 povolen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed, u\u00a0vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed pak ti, kte\u0159\u00ed vlastn\u00ed vodn\u00ed d\u00edla slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed ke vzdouv\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00ed hladiny, jsou povinni nejpozd\u011bji do &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. p\u0159edlo\u017eit p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9mu katastr\u00e1ln\u00edmu \u00fa\u0159adu pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 doklady pro vyzna\u010den\u00ed stanoven\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f dosud v\u00a0katastru nemovitost\u00ed nevyzna\u010den\u00fdch. Stanoven\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 p\u00e1sma v\u00a0katastru nemovitost\u00ed po tomto datu nevyzna\u010den\u00e1 se pova\u017euj\u00ed za zru\u0161en\u00e1.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed r\u00e1mec nov\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky nahrazuj\u00edc\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ku \u010d. 137\/1999 Sb., kterou se stanov\u00ed seznam vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00e1sady pro stanoven\u00ed a\u00a0zm\u011bny ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f<\/h2>\n<p>N\u00e1vrh vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze sou\u010dasn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed a\u00a0postoj\u016f k\u00a0problematice, z\u00e1rove\u0148 jsou zohledn\u011bny ur\u010dit\u00e9 zvyklosti, kter\u00e9 jsou ji\u017e v\u00a0procesu stanoven\u00ed a\u00a0zm\u011bn OPVZ obecn\u011b za\u017eit\u00e9. Vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka je rozd\u011blena na dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \u010d\u00e1st prvn\u00ed se t\u00fdk\u00e1 Z\u00e1sad pro stanoven\u00ed a\u00a0zm\u011bny ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, \u010d\u00e1st druh\u00e1 pak obsahuje Seznam vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. Zde je ur\u010dit\u00e1 zm\u011bna tak\u00e9 v\u00a0tom, \u017ee n\u00e1zev vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky je nejprve zam\u011b\u0159en na jeho podstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st (OPVZ), n\u00e1sledn\u011b na seznam n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed \u2013 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kterou se stanov\u00ed z\u00e1sady pro stanoven\u00ed a\u00a0zm\u011bny ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f a\u00a0seznam vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00e1st prvn\u00ed by bylo vhodn\u00e9 rozd\u011blit do t\u0159\u00ed paragraf\u016f. V\u00a0prvn\u00edm by m\u011bla b\u00fdt \u0159e\u0161ena pot\u0159eba individuality ka\u017ed\u00e9ho takov\u00e9ho procesu.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00a7 1<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><em>Ochrann\u00e1 p\u00e1sma vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f se stanovuj\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b odborn\u00e9ho posouzen\u00ed stavu \u00fazem\u00ed a\u00a0pot\u0159eb ochrany vydatnosti, jakosti a\u00a0zdravotn\u00ed nez\u00e1vadnosti vodn\u00edho zdroje ve vztahu k\u00a0jeho hydrologick\u00e9mu nebo hydrogeologick\u00e9mu<\/em> <em>povod\u00ed.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Ochrann\u00e1 p\u00e1sma vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f se navrhuj\u00ed individu\u00e1ln\u00edm postupem s\u00a0p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k\u00a0z\u00e1sad\u00e1m pro stanoven\u00ed a\u00a0zm\u011bny ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f uveden\u00fdch v\u00a0t\u00e9to vyhl\u00e1\u0161ce.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Druh\u00fd paragraf by m\u011bl b\u00fdt r\u00e1mcov\u00fdm p\u0159ehledem v\u0161ech pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch a\u00a0relevantn\u00edch podklad\u016f, kter\u00e9 je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed p\u0159edlo\u017eit p\u0159i stanoven\u00ed \u010di zm\u011bn\u00e1ch OPVZ.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00a7 2<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><em>Podklady pro stanoven\u00ed \u010di zm\u011bnu ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem zahrnuj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na:<\/em>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li><em>Popisn\u00e9 a\u00a0technick\u00e9 \u00fadaje o\u00a0vodn\u00edm zdroji a\u00a0odb\u011bru vody, jako jsou zejm\u00e9na zp\u016fsob j\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, odb\u011bru, vodopr\u00e1vn\u00ed dokumentace, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 podm\u00ednky z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed pitnou vodou.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed podm\u00ednky a\u00a0charakteristika \u00fazem\u00ed zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed geomorfologick\u00e9, hydrologick\u00e9, klimatick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, pedologick\u00e9, geologick\u00e9, hydrogeologick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, ochrann\u00e1 p\u00e1sma a\u00a0ochrann\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed jin\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f podle zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, \u00fazemn\u00ed pl\u00e1n, projekt technick\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Provozn\u00ed podklady, v\u00fdsledek ter\u00e9nn\u00edho \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed relevantn\u00ed podklady.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Anal\u00fdzu rizik ohro\u017een\u00ed vydatnosti, jakosti nebo zdravotn\u00ed nez\u00e1vadnosti, kter\u00e1 obsahuje anal\u00fdzu jakosti vody, progn\u00f3zu dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvoje, ohro\u017een\u00ed vodn\u00edho zdroje vlivem p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch pom\u011br\u016f, odb\u011bry vody, nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0vodami, nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed se z\u00e1vadn\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami, charakteristiku z\u00e1stavby a\u00a0hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed, \u00fadaje o\u00a0bodov\u00fdch, plo\u0161n\u00fdch, dif\u00fazn\u00edch zdroj\u00edch zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0\u010dinnostech, kter\u00e9 mohou ohrozit vydatnost, jakost nebo zdravotn\u00ed nez\u00e1vadnost vodn\u00edho zdroje a\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011br anal\u00fdzy rizik s\u00a0odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>N\u00e1vrh rozsahu ochrann\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma a\u00a0jeho zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed sv<\/em><em>eden\u00edm j\u00edmac\u00edch (odb\u011brn\u00fdch) objekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159edm\u011btem dokumentace, vymezen\u00ed rozsahu ochrann\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma I. stupn\u011b, vymezen\u00ed rozsahu ochrann\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma II.<\/em>\u00a0<em>stupn\u011b, n\u00e1vrh ochrann\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1smech, p\u0159ik\u00e1zan\u00fd re\u017eim \u010dinnost\u00ed v\u00a0ochrann\u00e9m p\u00e1smu, pokud to m\u00edstn\u00ed podm\u00ednky vy\u017eaduj\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 zhodnocen\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem a\u00a0zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>V\u00a0t\u0159et\u00edm paragrafu by m\u011bly b\u00fdt stanoveny z\u00e1sady, kter\u00e9 jsou obecn\u011b u\u017e za\u017eit\u00e9, a\u00a0to jak z\u00a0pohledu z\u00e1konod\u00e1rc\u016f, tak z\u00a0pohledu ve\u0159ejnosti. Zam\u011b\u0159en je na zna\u010den\u00ed hranice OPVZ.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00a7 3<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><em>Hranice ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed na viditeln\u00fdch m\u00edstech tabulemi s\u00a0n\u00e1pisem \u201eochrann\u00e9 p\u00e1smo I\/II. stupn\u011b vodn\u00edho zdroje\u201c. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ochrann\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma I. stupn\u011b, kde je ze z\u00e1kona stanoven z\u00e1kaz vstupu a\u00a0vjezdu, se dopln\u00ed na tabuli n\u00e1pis \u201eNepovolan\u00fdm vstup zak\u00e1z\u00e1n\u201c.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Ochrann\u00e9 p\u00e1smo II. stupn\u011b se v\u00a0ter\u00e9nu ozna\u010duje obvykle pouze v\u00a0m\u00edstech se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm ohro\u017een\u00ed nebo zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vodn\u00edho zdroje a\u00a0v\u00a0m\u00edstech k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hranice ochrann\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma s\u00a0komunikacemi. Prob\u00edh\u00e1-li hranice ochrann\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma vodn\u00ed hladinou n\u00e1dr\u017ee, um\u00edst\u00ed se tabule na plovouc\u00ed zakotven\u00e9 b\u00f3je.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>D\u00e1le k\u00a0navr\u017een\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ce pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edloha stanovuj\u00edc\u00ed seznam vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00fdch je evidov\u00e1no 47. Zde by oproti p\u016fvodn\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ce nemuselo doj\u00edt k\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0t\u00e9to podob\u011b by nov\u00e1 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka byla kompaktn\u00ed se sou\u010dasn\u00fdm zn\u011bn\u00edm platn\u00e9ho (resp. novelizovan\u00e9ho) vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona a\u00a0systematicky by doplnila p\u0159ehled v\u0161ech pravidel a\u00a0po\u017eadavk\u016f p\u0159i stanoven\u00ed \u010di zm\u011bn\u011b OPVZ.<\/p>\n<h2>Metodiky a\u00a0metodick\u00e9 postupy<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00a0roce 2012 byly pro Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010cR zpracov\u00e1ny metodiky, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly pomoci p\u0159i stanovov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zm\u011bn OPVZ.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00edlem metodik je sjednocen\u00ed pracovn\u00edho postupu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dokumentac\u00ed OPVZ povrchov\u00fdch vod v\u00a0cel\u00e9m rozsahu povod\u00ed povrchov\u00fdch vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f a\u00a0OPVZ podzemn\u00edch vod.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edm\u011btem metodiky je tzv. speci\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrana vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed d\u016fsledn\u011b z\u00a0po\u017eadavk\u016f ustanoven\u00ed \u00a7 30 vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona a\u00a0nov\u011b navr\u017een\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky, kterou se stanov\u00ed z\u00e1sady pro stanoven\u00ed a\u00a0zm\u011bny ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f a\u00a0seznam vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Metodiky p\u0159esto nemohou postihnout v\u0161echny budouc\u00ed po\u017eadavky p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch vodopr\u00e1vn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt vzneseny k\u00a0p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e9 dokumentaci v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu na stanoven\u00ed OPVZ. P\u0159esto v\u0161ak odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9mu trendu a\u00a0snah\u00e1m o\u00a0novelizaci legislativn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti OPVZ. Podrobn\u00fd rozbor metodik a\u00a0zpracovan\u00fdch podklad\u016f v\u0161ak nen\u00ed mo\u017eno z\u00a0hlediska dan\u00e9ho rozsahu p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku prov\u00e9st.<\/p>\n<h2>Projekt \u201eAktualizace ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f\u201c \u2013 sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav, v\u00fdsledky<\/h2>\n<p>Odd\u011blen\u00ed GIS a\u00a0kartografie V\u00daV TGM, v. v. i., \u0159e\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0letech 2015\u20132017 projekt podpory v\u00fdkonu st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010cR s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem Aktualizace ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f a\u00a0ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed (d\u00e1le tak\u00e9 OPVN).<\/p>\n<p>C\u00edlem projektu je vytvo\u0159it prostorovou vrstvu spr\u00e1vn\u011b zakreslen\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f s\u00a0ov\u011b\u0159enou platnost\u00ed a\u00a0s\u00a0p\u0159ipojen\u00fdm vodopr\u00e1vn\u00edm rozhodnut\u00edm (resp. opat\u0159en\u00edm obecn\u00e9 povahy) v\u00a0digit\u00e1ln\u00ed podob\u011b. V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed byla nav\u00e1z\u00e1na spolupr\u00e1ce se v\u0161emi krajsk\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159ady v\u00a0\u010cR. Proto\u017ee situace v\u00a0evidenci p\u00e1sem je v\u00a0r\u00e1mci jednotliv\u00fdch kraj\u016f velmi odli\u0161n\u00e1, je nutn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161it z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0implementaci ov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch dat individu\u00e1ln\u011b. V\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f je nezbytn\u00e9 oslovit vodopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady obc\u00ed s\u00a0roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou p\u016fsobnost\u00ed (V\u00da ORP). Zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st p\u00e1sem je nezbytn\u00e9 editovat ru\u010dn\u011b \u2013 pro\u010d\u00edst p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd dokument, opsat z\u00a0n\u011bj atributy do datab\u00e1ze a\u00a0hranice p\u00e1sma zdigitalizovat podle mapy. Je rovn\u011b\u017e nav\u00e1z\u00e1na spolupr\u00e1ce s\u00a0Ministerstvem zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed \u010cR, \u00dastavem pro hospod\u00e1\u0159skou \u00fapravu les\u016f, \u010cesk\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159adem zem\u011bm\u011b\u0159ick\u00fdm a\u00a0katastr\u00e1ln\u00edm a\u00a0podniky Povod\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Vstupem do projektu aktualizace jsou dv\u011b vrstvy Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed b\u00e1ze vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch dat (DIBAVOD). Vrstva OPVZ vznikla na p\u0159elomu tis\u00edcilet\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u011b digitalizac\u00ed pap\u00edrov\u00fdch vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch map. Datab\u00e1ze byla \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b pln\u011bna z\u00a0dokument\u016f z\u00edskan\u00fdch z\u00a0ru\u0161en\u00fdch okresn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f. \u010casem byla z\u00a0vrstvy OPVZ vy\u010dlen\u011bna samostatn\u00e1 vrstva OPVN. Od doby vzniku byla vrstva n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t revidov\u00e1na. Tvorba komplexn\u00ed datab\u00e1ze ov\u0161em nebyla nikdy dokon\u010dena. Datab\u00e1ze v\u00a003\/2017 obsahuje 13\u00a0260 polygon\u016f OPVZ a\u00a01\u00a0373 polygon\u016f OPVN. Proto\u017ee b\u011bhem aktualiza\u010dn\u00edch prac\u00ed jsou ochrann\u00e1 p\u00e1sma nejen editov\u00e1na, ale i\u00a0ru\u0161ena \u010di vkl\u00e1d\u00e1na zcela nov\u00e1, je po\u010det polygon\u016f v\u00a0\u010dase prom\u011bnn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Datov\u00fd model vrstvy OPVZ vznikl na z\u00e1klad\u011b po\u017eadavk\u016f M\u017dP \u010cR a\u00a0byl v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed upravov\u00e1n a\u00a0dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n o\u00a0\u0159adu pracovn\u00edch atribut\u016f. Datov\u00fd model vrstvy OPVN bude p\u0159izp\u016fsoben pot\u0159eb\u00e1m \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a\u00a0atribut\u016fm\u00a0podkladov\u00fdch vrstev podnik\u016f Povod\u00ed, kter\u00e9 OPVN nej\u010dast\u011bji eviduj\u00ed ve form\u011b prostorov\u00fdch dat.<\/p>\n<p>A\u017e v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu bylo postupn\u011b zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1no, jak komplikovan\u00fd \u00fakol je aktualizovat v\u0161echna ochrann\u00e1 p\u00e1sma v\u00a0\u010cR. P\u00e1sem je mnoho, jejich evidence dlouhodob\u011b neprob\u00edh\u00e1 konzistentn\u011b a\u00a0nen\u00ed kontrolov\u00e1na. Vodopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady ve velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f vyhla\u0161ovaly ochranu sv\u00fdch vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f v\u00a080. \u010di 90. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed (\u010di je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edve). Dokumenty z\u00a0t\u00e9 doby se d\u00edky n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b struktury st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy ale i\u00a0zastaral\u00e9 technologii dochovaly ve \u0161patn\u00e9m stavu a\u00a0n\u011bkdy dokonce v\u016fbec. Je proto velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 podklady od vodopr\u00e1vn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f z\u00edskat v\u00a0pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 podob\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed okolnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k\u00a0\u010dasov\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu, je neexistence jednotn\u00e9 struktury geoprostorov\u00fdch dat, a\u0165 ji\u017e na krajsk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159adech nebo na samotn\u00fdch V\u00da ORP. Pr\u00e1ce s\u00a0geografick\u00fdmi informa\u010dn\u00edmi syst\u00e9my je na ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch stupn\u00edch st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1. Tam, kde digit\u00e1ln\u00ed formu z\u00e1kres\u016f p\u00e1sem k\u00a0dispozici maj\u00ed, velice \u010dasto nev\u011bnuj\u00ed n\u00e1le\u017eitou pozornost jejich v\u011bcn\u00e9 a\u00a0datov\u00e9 spr\u00e1vnosti.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b pr\u00e1ce komplikuje neochota n\u011bkter\u00fdch V\u00da ke spolupr\u00e1ci, a\u0165 ji\u017e z\u00a0d\u016fvodu nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 kapacity, \u010di\u00a0frustrace z\u00a0opakovan\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch subjekt\u016f na zas\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed podklad\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Samotn\u00e1 aktualizace OPVZ a\u00a0OPVN je v\u00fdsledkem n\u011bkolika \u010dinnost\u00ed. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b datov\u00fdch sad z\u00a0krajsk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f jsou po v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 \u00faprav\u011b dat p\u0159evzaty z\u00e1kresy p\u00e1sem a\u00a0dokumenty vodopr\u00e1vn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed. U\u00a0podklad\u016f z\u00a0V\u00da ORP jsou jednotliv\u00e1 p\u00e1sma editov\u00e1na ru\u010dn\u011b. Polygony hranic p\u00e1sem jsou opraveny podle zaslan\u00fdch z\u00e1kres\u016f, atributov\u00e1 tabulka dopln\u011bna o\u00a0informace z\u00a0vodopr\u00e1vn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed a\u00a0digit\u00e1ln\u00ed podoba dokumentu je vlo\u017eena do datab\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0prvn\u00edm \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed roku 2017 byla dokon\u010dena aktualizace OPVZ ze 4 cel\u00fdch kraj\u016f a\u00a049 ORP (<em>obr. 3<\/em>). Celkem se jedn\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o\u00a060\u2009% ov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch polygon\u016f p\u00e1sem. Aktualizace vrstvy OPVN zapo\u010dala teprve na konci roku 2016 opravou prvn\u00edch n\u011bkolika p\u00e1sem. Dal\u0161\u00ed verze aktualizace bude p\u0159ipraven\u00e1 k\u00a0odevzd\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0\u010dervnu 2017. Do konce listopadu 2017 podle po\u017eadavku M\u017dP \u010cR mus\u00ed b\u00fdt projekt dokon\u010den.<\/p>\n<p>Aktualizace OPVZ a\u00a0OPVN tak, jak byla definov\u00e1na v\u00a0p\u0159edm\u011btu projektu, je \u010dasov\u011b omezen\u00e1 \u010dinnost. C\u00edlem m\u00e1 b\u00fdt vytvo\u0159en\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed geodatab\u00e1ze platn\u00fdch p\u00e1sem, a\u00a0to pouze t\u011bch, ke kter\u00fdm je\u00a0p\u0159ipojena digit\u00e1ln\u00ed forma vodopr\u00e1vn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed. P\u00e1sma, ke kter\u00fdm nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 dohledat p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 dokumenty, budou z\u00a0datab\u00e1ze vy\u0159azena bez ohledu na jejich platnost. Proto\u017ee ale agenda ochrany vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f prob\u00edh\u00e1 kontinu\u00e1ln\u011b, nov\u00e1 p\u00e1sma jsou vyhla\u0161ov\u00e1na, star\u00e1 m\u011bn\u011bna \u010di ru\u0161ena, je nezbytn\u00e9 s\u00a0aktualizac\u00ed p\u00e1sem pokra\u010dovat. T\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161itel\u016f navrhl praktick\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak datab\u00e1zi udr\u017eet aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed. Postup vyu\u017eije z\u00e1konem danou povinnost vodopr\u00e1vn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f evidovat ve\u0161kerou dokumentaci t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se (mimo jin\u00e9) OPVZ a\u00a0OPVN ve vodopr\u00e1vn\u00ed evidenci. Z\u00e1kresy nov\u011b vyhla\u0161ovan\u00fdch p\u00e1sem mus\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e hl\u00e1sit katastr\u00e1ln\u00edmu \u00fa\u0159adu. Tento postup vy\u017eaduje spolupr\u00e1ci M\u017dP \u010cR ve v\u011bci finan\u010dn\u00edho kryt\u00ed a\u00a0tak\u00e9 kontroly a\u00a0motivace VU ORP k\u00a0vypl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed vodopr\u00e1vn\u00ed evidence. A\u00a0tak\u00e9 dohodu s\u00a0\u010c\u00daZK s\u00a0c\u00edlem naj\u00edt cestu, jak z\u00edskat prostorov\u00e1 data ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem z\u00a0katastru nemovitost\u00ed s\u00a0v\u00fdhledem na pravidelnou aktualizaci vrstvy OPVZ a\u00a0OPVN.<\/p>\n<p>Vrstva OPVZ a\u00a0OPVN je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed\u00a0(podkladovou vrstvou) syst\u00e9mu Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho registru p\u016fdy (LPIS), kter\u00fd spravuje MZe \u010cR a\u00a0podle kter\u00e9ho \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed kontroln\u00ed a\u00a0zku\u0161ebn\u00ed \u00fastav zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd kontroluje \u010dinnost zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch podnik\u016f. Chyba v\u00a0z\u00e1kresu p\u00e1sma m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit zp\u016fsob obhospoda\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho p\u016fdn\u00edho bloku,\u00a0ud\u011blen\u00ed pokut a\u00a0dota\u010dn\u00ed politiku. Je nezbytn\u00e9 prodiskutovat budouc\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci M\u017dP a\u00a0MZe \u010cR v\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti a\u00a0zajistit pravidelnou a\u00a0koncep\u010dn\u00ed \u00fadr\u017ebu datab\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Korinek-3.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-3496];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"557\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3446 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Korinek-3.jpg\" alt=\"Korinek-3\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Korinek-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Korinek-3-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Korinek-3-768x535.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/557;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 3. P\u0159ehled stavu aktualizace ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f a\u00a0ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed k\u00a015. b\u0159eznu 2017<br \/>\nFig. 3. Overview update status of water resources protection zones and buffer zones of water supply reservoirs on March 15, 2017<\/h6>\n<h3>P\u0159evymezen\u00ed OPVZ<\/h3>\n<p>A\u010dkoliv by se na\u0161la cel\u00e1 \u0159ada objektivn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f k\u00a0p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch sou\u010dasn\u00fdch OPVZ a\u00a0k\u00a0jejich n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu p\u0159evymezen\u00ed, samotn\u00fd proces je do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry dosti komplikovan\u00fd. Zku\u0161enosti subjekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ehodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed OPVZ prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, upozor\u0148uj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na na v\u00fdznamnou \u010dasovou a\u00a0person\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e b\u011bhem cel\u00e9ho postupu, kter\u00fd v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00edch OPVZ m\u016f\u017ee trvat i\u00a0n\u011bkolik let. Dal\u0161\u00edm podstatn\u00fdm faktem je n\u00e1ro\u010dnost ekonomick\u00e1, kterou spr\u00e1vci povod\u00ed a\u00a0vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 subjekty mus\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it za sv\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. Pokud by proces p\u0159evymezen\u00ed OPVZ byl po\u017eadov\u00e1n legislativou, je nutn\u00e9, aby se n\u00e1sledn\u011b st\u00e1t tak\u00e9 pod\u00edlel na jeho podpo\u0159e dota\u010dn\u00ed formou ze zdroj\u016f opera\u010dn\u00edch program\u016f a\u00a0podobn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n<p>Nen\u00ed v\u00a0omezen\u00fdch kapacitn\u00edch mo\u017enostech p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku probrat v\u0161echna sou\u010dasn\u00e1 \u00faskal\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed. V\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku uveden\u00e9 informace jsou n\u00e1zorem jeho autor\u016f a\u00a0je nepochybn\u011b z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee n\u00e1zorov\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna k\u00a0problematice bude mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0r\u016fznorod\u00e1. P\u0159esto by se v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed mohlo st\u00e1t jedn\u00edm z\u00a0inici\u00e1tor\u016f mezioborov\u00e9 diskuse a\u00a0kone\u010dn\u00e9mu vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00edho stavu.<\/p>\n<p>Jak vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e proveden\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy, m\u00e1me dnes pon\u011bkud nesourod\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed normy, kdy kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka \u010d. 137\/1999 Sb., kterou se stanov\u00ed seznam vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00e1sady pro stanoven\u00ed a\u00a0zm\u011bny ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, jako prov\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed p\u0159edpis k\u00a0\u00a7 30 z\u00e1kona \u010d. 254\/2001 Sb., tomuto z\u00e1konu chronologicky p\u0159edch\u00e1zela a\u00a0v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed. Nav\u00edc po zru\u0161en\u00ed sm\u011brnice Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed \u010d. 51\/1079 nen\u00ed moment\u00e1ln\u011b k\u00a0dispozici \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd centr\u00e1ln\u00ed podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodick\u00fd n\u00e1stroj ke stanovov\u00e1n\u00ed OPVZ.<\/p>\n<p>A\u010dkoliv se odborn\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost problematikou ji\u017e dlouh\u00e9 roky zab\u00fdv\u00e1 [7\u20139], kompetentn\u00ed org\u00e1ny probl\u00e9m OPVZ ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Subjekty, kter\u00fdch se oblast pr\u00e1ce s\u00a0vymezov\u00e1n\u00edm, zm\u011bnami a\u00a0ru\u0161en\u00edm OPVZ p\u0159\u00edmo dot\u00fdk\u00e1, maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou zpracov\u00e1ny sv\u00e9 intern\u00ed postupy a\u00a0metodiky, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e v\u00a0souladu se sou\u010dasn\u00fdm legislativn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm a\u00a0obecn\u00fdmi zvyklostmi. P\u0159\u00edstup t\u011bchto instituc\u00ed je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd, na druhou stranu v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt absence pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f potencion\u00e1ln\u00edm prostorem pro poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1konn\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f, a\u0165 ji\u017e z\u00a0neznalosti a\u00a0neinformovanosti, \u010di s\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00fdm z\u00e1m\u011brem.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edlo\u017een\u00fd n\u00e1vrh novelizace a\u00a0\u00faprav legislativn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f by m\u011bl b\u00fdt prvotn\u00edm impulsem k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed systematick\u00e9 \u010dinnosti v\u00a0oblasti \u2013 proveden\u00ed novelizac\u00ed v\u0161ech relevantn\u00edch z\u00e1konn\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f, n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 sjednocen\u00ed metodick\u00fdch postup\u016f a\u00a0systematick\u00e9 evidence OPVZ. Moment\u00e1ln\u011b \u0159e\u0161en\u00fd projekt Aktualizace ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f by mohl b\u00fdt z\u00e1sadn\u00edm stavebn\u00edm prvkem cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu evidence v\u0161ech platn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u00e1sem vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The current situation in the field of water resources protection zones in the Czech Republic is problematic for a long time, not only in terms of their definition, but also the correct setting measures or data availability to the public. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":3445,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[89],"tags":[824,825,822,316,826,823],"coauthors":[595,803,804],"class_list":["post-3496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water-technology-water-supply-waste-water-treatment","tag-ground-water","tag-legislation","tag-protection-zone","tag-surface-water","tag-water-legislation","tag-water-resource"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3496"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3496\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30393,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3496\/revisions\/30393"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3445"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3496"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=3496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}