{"id":3339,"date":"2017-04-07T07:28:27","date_gmt":"2017-04-07T07:28:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=3339"},"modified":"2024-07-16T12:03:29","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T11:03:29","slug":"reporting-of-river-basin-management-plans-under-water-framework-directive-in-2016-in-the-czech-republic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2017\/04\/reporting-of-river-basin-management-plans-under-water-framework-directive-in-2016-in-the-czech-republic\/","title":{"rendered":"Reporting of River Basin Management Plans under Water Framework Directive in 2016 in the Czech Republic"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

 <\/p>\n

Souhrn<\/h2>\n

V\u00a0roce 2015 bylo dokon\u010deno zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pl\u00e1n\u016f povod\u00ed pro 2. pl\u00e1novac\u00ed cyklus podle po\u017eadavk\u016f R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch (RSV). N\u00e1sledn\u011b byla zpracov\u00e1na a\u00a0zkompletov\u00e1na a\u00a0souhrnn\u011b vyhodnocena \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la \u00fadaj\u016f pro pot\u0159eby spln\u011bn\u00ed reportingov\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed v\u016f\u010di Evropsk\u00e9 komisi. P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek m\u00e1 informativn\u00ed charakter. Je zam\u011b\u0159en na vlastn\u00ed reporting (nikoli na samotn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pl\u00e1n\u016f povod\u00ed), shrnuje postup jeho p\u0159\u00edpravy a\u00a0uv\u00e1d\u00ed vybran\u00e9 souhrnn\u00e9 \u00fadaje zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 kroky k\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f RSV: ur\u010den\u00ed antropogenn\u00edch vliv\u016f a\u00a0dopad\u016f na stav vod, hodnocen\u00ed stavu vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f, stanoven\u00ed v\u00fdjimek z\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho stavu a\u00a0pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed k\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed environment\u00e1ln\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f.<\/p>\n\"shutterstock_450650812\"<\/a>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

N\u00e1rodn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny povod\u00ed pro 2. pl\u00e1novac\u00ed cyklus [1\u20133], tj.\u00a0na obdob\u00ed let 2016 a\u017e 2021, zpracovan\u00e9 podle po\u017eadavk\u016f R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch [4] (d\u00e1le RSV) byly v\u00a0prosinci 2015 schv\u00e1leny vl\u00e1dou \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. V\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pl\u00e1n\u016f povod\u00ed jsou \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty EU povinny splnit p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou reportingovou povinnost t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v Evropsk\u00e9 komisi (EK) o\u00a0implementaci RSV. Krom\u011b zasl\u00e1n\u00ed kopi\u00ed pl\u00e1n\u016f povod\u00ed EK od \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f vy\u017eaduje rovn\u011b\u017e poskytnut\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s\u00a0cel\u00fdm procesem pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed. Po\u017eadavky na reporting 2. pl\u00e1n\u016f podrobn\u011b specifikuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 pokyny spole\u010dn\u00e9 implementa\u010dn\u00ed strategie RSV [5, 6]. Ur\u010ditou komplikac\u00ed bylo schv\u00e1len\u00ed kone\u010dn\u00e9 verze t\u011bchto dokument\u016f (v\u010detn\u011b specifikace n\u00e1rok\u016f na kvalitu dat) a\u017e v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b 2016, tj.\u00a0n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po term\u00ednu reportingu podle RSV. P\u0159edm\u011btem reportingu je rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la \u00fadaj\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se cel\u00e9ho pl\u00e1novac\u00edho procesu. Po form\u00e1ln\u00ed str\u00e1nce lze reporting rozd\u011blit na datovou \u010d\u00e1st, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 charakter strukturovan\u00e9 geodatab\u00e1ze a\u00a0obsahuje p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b podrobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se jednotliv\u00fdch vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f (stav, antropogenn\u00ed vlivy a\u00a0dopady), chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed, monitorovac\u00edch objekt\u016f a\u00a0navr\u017een\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed k\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed environment\u00e1ln\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f, a\u00a0\u010d\u00e1st textovou popisuj\u00edc\u00ed zejm\u00e9na uplatn\u011bn\u00e9 metodick\u00e9 postupy. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed reportingu jsou rovn\u011b\u017e datov\u00e9 sady geografick\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f: hranic oblast\u00ed povod\u00ed, vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f (v\u010detn\u011b struktury \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b u\u00a0\u00fatvar\u016f povrchov\u00fdch vod), chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed s\u00a0vazbou na vodu a\u00a0m\u00edst monitoringu. Oba v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 pokyny pro reporting kladou vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na kvalitu reportovan\u00fdch informac\u00ed: p\u0159esnost a\u00a0topologickou konzistenci geografick\u00fdch dat a\u00a0logickou spojitost a\u00a0\u00faplnost popisn\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f. P\u0159i odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 datov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b [7] je kvalita dat automaticky kontrolov\u00e1na a\u00a0p\u0159ijaty jsou pouze dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e9, konzistentn\u00ed a\u00a0\u00fapln\u00e9 \u00fadaje. Pokud \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0po\u017eadovan\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f nem\u00e1 k\u00a0dispozici, mus\u00ed tuto skute\u010dnost p\u0159edem zd\u016fvodnit.<\/p>\n\"Vyskoc-1\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 1. Typologie \u00fatvar\u016f povrchov\u00fdch vod (zdroj dat: M\u017dP, V\u00daV TGM, P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e1 fakulta Univerzity Karlovy v Praze)
\nFig. 1. Typology of surface water bodies (data source: MoE, TGM WRI, Faculty of Science of the Charles University in Prague)<\/h6>\n

P\u0159\u00edpravou reportingu pov\u011b\u0159ilo Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci podpory v\u00fdkonu st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd T.\u00a0G.\u00a0Masaryka,\u00a0v.\u00a0v.\u00a0i. Postup zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f byl zhruba n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed. Prim\u00e1rn\u00edm zdrojem reportovan\u00fdch informac\u00ed byly n\u00e1rodn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny povod\u00ed [1\u20133]. Pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 datov\u00e1 \u0161ablona n\u00e1rodn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f povod\u00ed vych\u00e1zela z\u00a0po\u017eadavk\u016f na reporting 1. pl\u00e1n\u016f povod\u00ed v\u00a0roce 2010, vzhledem k\u00a0z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m po\u017eadavk\u016f na data nemohla b\u00fdt pou\u017eita. Podkladov\u00e1 data byla tedy k\u00a0dispozici pouze v\u00a0\u00fa\u010delov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch souborech. Z\u00a0podrobn\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy po\u017eadavk\u016f na reporting vyplynula nutnost dopln\u011bn\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch dat a\u00a0informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1sledn\u011b poskytly Ministerstvo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed (M\u017dP) a\u00a0Ministerstvo zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed (MZe) a\u00a0jimi pov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 instituce a\u00a0organizace (st\u00e1tn\u00ed podniky Povod\u00ed, V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd T. G. Masaryka, ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 instituce (V\u00daV TGM), Agentura ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody a\u00a0krajiny \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky (AOPK), Vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd rozvoj a\u00a0v\u00fdstavba,\u00a0a.\u00a0s. (VRV\u00a0a.\u00a0s.), \u010cesk\u00fd hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav (\u010cHM\u00da) a\u00a0Biologick\u00e9 centrum AV\u00a0\u010cR,\u00a0v.\u00a0v.\u00a0i. Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 data byla n\u00e1sledn\u011b ve V\u00daV TGM zapracov\u00e1na do \u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 geodatab\u00e1ze. N\u00e1stroje rela\u010dn\u00ed datab\u00e1ze a\u00a0GIS umo\u017enily kontrolu kvality dat, v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1vaznosti na p\u0159edchoz\u00ed reporting pl\u00e1n\u016f povod\u00ed v\u00a0roce 2010 a\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti na reporting podle jin\u00fdch sm\u011brnic. Obsah reportingu byl zapracov\u00e1n do pracovn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy a\u00a0jej\u00ed podrobn\u00e9 datov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edlohy. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy byly souhrnn\u00e9 statistiky a\u00a0p\u0159ehledov\u00e9 mapy. Po schv\u00e1len\u00ed obsahu reportingu kompetentn\u00edmi \u00fa\u0159ady, tj.\u00a0Ministerstvem \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u00a0Ministerstvem zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, byly informace a\u00a0data p\u0159evedeny do po\u017eadovan\u00e9 struktury a\u00a0form\u00e1tu a\u00a0odesl\u00e1ny na datov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b [7].<\/p>\n\"Vyskoc-2\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 2. Kategorie \u00fatvar\u016f povrchov\u00fdch vod \u2013 pod\u00edl po\u010dtu \u00fatvar\u016f (zdroj dat: M\u017dP, V\u00daV TGM, st\u00e1tn\u00ed podniky Povod\u00ed)
\nFig. 2. Surface water body categories \u2013 percentage of surface water bodies (data source: MoE, TGM WRI, River Boards, s.e.)<\/h6>\n

V\u00fdsledky<\/h2>\n

D\u00e1le uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 souhrnn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky byly zpracov\u00e1ny v\u00a0r\u00e1mci p\u0159\u00edpravy reportingu pl\u00e1n\u016f povod\u00ed a\u00a0jsou zam\u011b\u0159eny na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 kroky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f RSV, tj.\u00a0charakterizaci povod\u00ed, identifikaci antropogenn\u00edch vliv\u016f a\u00a0posouzen\u00ed jejich dopad\u016f na stav vod, vyhodnocen\u00ed stavu vod a\u00a0opat\u0159en\u00ed k\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed environment\u00e1ln\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f, pop\u0159. stanoven\u00ed a\u00a0od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdjimek.<\/p>\n

Charakterizace povod\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Charakterizace povod\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed etapu pl\u00e1novac\u00edho cyklu a\u00a0zahrnuje zejm\u00e9na (revizi) vymezen\u00ed vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f a\u00a0chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed s\u00a0vazbou na vodu a\u00a0identifikaci antropogenn\u00edch vliv\u016f na stav vod. Jak vodn\u00ed \u00fatvary, tak chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 oblasti jsou z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi jednotkami, pro kter\u00e9 je hodnoceno dosa\u017een\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch environment\u00e1ln\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f. D\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vymezen\u00ed \u00fatvar\u016f povrchov\u00fdch vod je ur\u010den\u00ed jejich kategorie a\u00a0typu. Typy vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f popisuj\u00ed vybran\u00e9 abiotick\u00e9 charakteristiky (kategorie nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky, geologick\u00fd typ\u00a0apod.). Pro ka\u017ed\u00fd typ a\u00a0kategorii \u00fatvaru povrchov\u00e9 vody jsou ur\u010deny typov\u011b specifick\u00e9 (hydromorfologick\u00e9, fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b\u00ad\u2011chemick\u00e9 a\u00a0biologick\u00e9) referen\u010dn\u00ed podm\u00ednky odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed velmi dobr\u00e9mu ekologick\u00e9mu stavu, tj.\u00a0nenaru\u0161en\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m. Vzhledem k\u00a0t\u011bmto referen\u010dn\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m je hodnocen ekologick\u00fd stav p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho vodn\u00edho \u00fatvaru. Dobr\u00fd ekologick\u00fd stav p\u0159edstavuje je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159\u00edpustnou odchylku oproti nenaru\u0161en\u00e9mu stavu (referen\u010dn\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m). Z\u00a0d\u016fvodu v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zm\u011bny hydromorfologick\u00fdch charakteristik souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s\u00a0u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdmi a\u00a0nenahraditeln\u00fdmi funkcemi \u00fatvar\u016f povrchov\u00fdch vod mohou b\u00fdt tyto \u00fatvary ur\u010deny jako siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 nebo um\u011bl\u00e9. U\u00a0t\u011bchto \u00fatvar\u016f je vy\u017eadov\u00e1no dosa\u017een\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho ekologick\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu. Kategorie a\u00a0typ \u00fatvaru povrchov\u00fdch vod je tak ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed pro stanoven\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch environment\u00e1ln\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f (resp. klasifikaci ekologick\u00e9ho stavu nebo potenci\u00e1lu) a\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed jejich napln\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\"Vyskoc-3\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a03. U\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vod souvisej\u00edc\u00ed se\u00a0za\u0159azen\u00edm \u00fatvaru do kategorie siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch\u00a0\u2013 po\u010det \u00fatvar\u016f (zdroj dat: st\u00e1tn\u00ed podniky Povod\u00ed)
\nFig. 3. Water use\u00a0\u2013 number of heavily modified surface water bodies (data source: River Boards, s.e.)<\/h6>\n

U\u00a0\u00fatvar\u016f kategorie \u201e\u0159eka\u201c v\u00a0\u010cesku ur\u010duj\u00ed typ \u00fatvaru popisn\u00e9 charakteristiky \u00famo\u0159\u00ed, nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka, geologick\u00e9 podlo\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0\u0159\u00e1d toku podle Strahlera. V\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00edmi typy jsou \u00fatvary v\u00a0nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 200 a\u017e 500\u00a0m\u00a0n.\u00a0m. a\u00a0s\u00a0\u0159\u00e1dem toku podle Strahlera 4\u20136 v\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011brn\u00e9m profilu (ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako \u0159\u00ed\u010dky), jak je patrn\u00e9 z\u00a0p\u0159ehledov\u00e9 mapy na obr.\u00a01<\/em>. U\u00a0\u00fatvar\u016f kategorie \u201ejezero\u201c ur\u010duj\u00ed typ \u00fatvaru popisn\u00e9 charakteristiky nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka, geologick\u00e9 podlo\u017e\u00ed, maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 hloubka vody a\u00a0doba zdr\u017een\u00ed. Oproti 1. pl\u00e1novac\u00edmu cyklu byla typologie v\u00fdznamn\u011b pozm\u011bn\u011bna a\u00a0v\u00a0n\u00e1vaznosti rovn\u011b\u017e upraveno vymezen\u00ed cca\u00a030\u00a0% \u00fatvar\u016f povrchov\u00fdch vod, zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0kategorii \u201e\u0159eka\u201c. Celkov\u011b bylo v\u00a0\u010cesku pro 2. pl\u00e1novac\u00ed cyklus vymezeno 1\u2009044 \u00fatvar\u016f v\u00a0kategorii \u201e\u0159eka\u201c (z\u00a0toho 89 siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch a\u00a04 um\u011bl\u00e9) a\u00a077 \u00fatvar\u016f v\u00a0kategorii \u201ejezero\u201c (z\u00a0toho 73 siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch a\u00a04 um\u011bl\u00e9). Pod\u00edl \u00fatvar\u016f p\u0159irozen\u00fdch, siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch a\u00a0um\u011bl\u00fdch je patrn\u00fd z\u00a0grafu na obr.\u00a02<\/em>. Druhy u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vod, kter\u00e9 byly d\u016fvodem pro za\u0159azen\u00ed \u00fatvar\u016f povrchov\u00fdch vod do kategorie siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch, jsou uvedeny v\u00a0grafu na obr.\u00a03<\/em>. K\u00a0jednomu vodn\u00edmu \u00fatvaru bylo v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159i\u0159azeno v\u00edce u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\"Vyskoc-4\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a04. Mezipovod\u00ed \u00fatvar\u016f povrchov\u00fdch vod s\u00a0odb\u011brem pro lidskou spot\u0159ebu (zdroj dat: V\u00daV TGM, st\u00e1tn\u00ed podniky Povod\u00ed)
\nFig. 4. Basin of surface water bodies with abstraction for drinking water (data source: TGM WRI, River Boards, s.e.)<\/h6>\n

Krom\u011b vymezen\u00ed vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f RSV rovn\u011b\u017e vy\u017eaduje vytvo\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0veden\u00ed registru v\u0161ech chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed s\u00a0vazbou na vodu, kter\u00e9 byly podle p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f EU na ochranu povrchov\u00fdch a\u00a0podzemn\u00edch vod nebo na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed stanovi\u0161\u0165 a\u00a0druh\u016f \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f a\u00a0rostlin p\u0159\u00edmo z\u00e1visl\u00fdch na vod\u011b vymezeny jako oblasti vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed ochranu (tzv.\u00a0chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 oblasti s\u00a0vazbou na vodu). V\u00a0\u010cesku registr zahrnuje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed druhy chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed: \u00fazem\u00ed (vodn\u00ed \u00fatvary) vyhrazen\u00e1 pro odb\u011br vody pro lidskou spot\u0159ebu, \u00fazem\u00ed vyhrazen\u00e1 jako rekrea\u010dn\u00ed vody a\u00a0vody ke koup\u00e1n\u00ed (koupac\u00ed oblasti), \u00fazem\u00ed citliv\u00e1 na \u017eiviny (zraniteln\u00e9 oblasti), \u00fazem\u00ed vyhrazen\u00e1 pro ochranu stanovi\u0161\u0165 a\u00a0druh\u016f (v\u00fdb\u011br pta\u010d\u00edch oblast\u00ed a\u00a0evropsky v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch lokalit) a\u00a0d\u00e1le specificky pro \u010desko-ramsarsk\u00e9 mok\u0159ady a\u00a0v\u00fdb\u011br maloplo\u0161n\u00fdch zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed s\u00a0vazbou na vodu. Mezipovod\u00ed \u00fatvar\u016f povrchov\u00fdch vod s\u00a0odb\u011bry vody pro lidskou spot\u0159ebu a\u00a0v\u00fdb\u011br pta\u010d\u00edch oblast\u00ed a\u00a0evropsky v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch lokalit s\u00a0vazbou na vodu jsou zobrazeny na p\u0159ehledov\u00fdch map\u00e1ch na obr.\u00a04<\/em> a\u00a05<\/em>.<\/p>\n\"Vyskoc-5\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 5. Habitaty a pta\u010d\u00ed oblasti s vazbou na vodu (zdroj dat: AOPK, V\u00daV TGM)
\nFig. 5. Protected areas \u2013 habitats and birds, directly depedent on water (data source: AOPK, TGM WRI)<\/h6>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dovou etapou pl\u00e1novac\u00edho cyklu je zhodnocen\u00ed dopad\u016f lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti na stav vod. Anal\u00fdza dopad\u016f lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0konceptu DPSIR (Driver\u00ad\u2011Pressure\u00ad\u2011State\u00ad\u2011Impact\u00ad\u2011Response). Identifikace vliv\u016f a\u00a0vyhodnocen\u00ed dopad\u016f na jednotliv\u00e9 vodn\u00ed \u00fatvary je nezbytn\u00fdm p\u0159edpokladem pro ur\u010den\u00ed vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f rizikov\u00fdch z\u00a0hlediska dosa\u017een\u00ed environment\u00e1ln\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f, nastaven\u00ed program\u016f monitoringu a\u00a0zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1vrh opat\u0159en\u00ed \u010di stanoven\u00ed a\u00a0od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdjimek z\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f. Za v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 antropogenn\u00ed vlivy jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny ty, kter\u00e9 samy o\u00a0sob\u011b nebo ve spojen\u00ed s\u00a0jin\u00fdmi vlivy p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k\u00a0nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9mu dopadu na stav vod a\u00a0br\u00e1n\u00ed tak nebo ohro\u017euj\u00ed dosa\u017een\u00ed stanoven\u00fdch environment\u00e1ln\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f (viz\u00a0d\u00e1le). V\u00a0\u010cesku byly (z\u00a0d\u016fvodu p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 opatrnosti) v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 vlivy identifikov\u00e1ny i\u00a0ve vodn\u00edch \u00fatvarech, ve kter\u00fdch se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 dosa\u017een\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho stavu ke konci 1. pl\u00e1novac\u00edho cyklu\u00a0roku 2015. U\u00a0\u00fatvar\u016f, kde nen\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1no dosa\u017een\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho stavu \u010di potenci\u00e1lu ke konci 1. pl\u00e1novac\u00edho cyklu v\u00a0roce 2015, byly vlivy vzta\u017eeny k\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdm slo\u017ek\u00e1m kvality a\u00a0ukazatel\u016fm (l\u00e1tk\u00e1m), kter\u00e9 byly pro dosa\u017een\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho stavu vyhodnoceny jako probl\u00e9mov\u00e9. \u010cetnost skupin (typ\u016f) v\u00a0\u010cesku identifikovan\u00fdch v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch vliv\u016f je uvedena v\u00a0grafu na obr.\u00a06<\/em>. Pom\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00fd po\u010det nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch vliv\u016f se p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b vztahuje k\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00fdm (zejm\u00e9na biologick\u00fdm) slo\u017ek\u00e1m kvality \u010di l\u00e1tk\u00e1m, nikoli k\u00a0vodn\u00edm \u00fatvar\u016fm jako celku.<\/p>\n\"Vyskoc-6\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a06. Vlivy na \u00fatvary povrchov\u00fdch vod\u00a0\u2013 po\u010det \u00fatvar\u016f (zdroj dat: st\u00e1tn\u00ed podniky Povod\u00ed, VRV\u00a0a.\u00a0s.)
\nFig. 6. Pressures on surface water bodies\u00a0\u2013 number of surface bodies (data source: River Boards, s.e., VRV\u00a0a.\u00a0s.)<\/h6>\n

Environment\u00e1ln\u00ed c\u00edle a\u00a0v\u00fdjimky<\/h3>\n

Mezi environment\u00e1ln\u00ed c\u00edle specifikovan\u00e9 RSV pat\u0159\u00ed dosa\u017een\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho stavu vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f (pop\u0159. dobr\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu \u00fatvar\u016f siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch a\u00a0um\u011bl\u00fdch), nezhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed stavu, zamezen\u00ed nebo omezen\u00ed vstup\u016f zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek do podzemn\u00edch vod a\u00a0zvr\u00e1cen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9ho trvale vzestupn\u00e9ho trendu koncentrace zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky v\u00a0podzemn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch v\u00a0d\u016fsledku lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Dobr\u00fd kvantitativn\u00ed, chemick\u00fd a\u00a0ekologick\u00fd stav \u010di potenci\u00e1l vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f a\u00a0c\u00edle ochrany chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed s\u00a0vazbou na vodu maj\u00ed b\u00fdt dosa\u017eeny do roku 2015. RSV z\u00e1rove\u0148 umo\u017e\u0148uje za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdjimky z\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed uveden\u00fdch obecn\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f: prodlou\u017een\u00ed lh\u016fty na dobu po roce 2015 nebo dosa\u017een\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f z\u00a0d\u016fvodu technick\u00e9 proveditelnosti, ne\u00fam\u011brn\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f nebo p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch podm\u00ednek. V\u00fdjimky z\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f lze aplikovat i\u00a0p\u0159i v\u00fdskytu mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. RSV za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e zhor\u0161en\u00ed stavu nebo nedosa\u017een\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch environment\u00e1ln\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f u\u00a0nov\u00fdch zm\u011bn fyzick\u00fdch charakteristik \u00fatvar\u016f povrchov\u00fdch vod zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch rozvojovou \u010dinnost\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u00e1vrh\u016f opat\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0stanoven\u00fdch v\u00fdjimek z\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho stavu vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f k\u00a0roku 2015 je rovn\u011b\u017e vyhodnocen p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fd term\u00edn dosa\u017een\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho stavu.<\/p>\n\"Vyskoc-7\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 7. Ekologick\u00fd stav nebo potenci\u00e1l \u00fatvar\u016f povrchov\u00fdch vod (zdroj dat: M\u017dP, V\u00daV TGM, Biologick\u00e9 centrum AV \u010cR, st\u00e1tn\u00ed podniky Povod\u00ed)
\nFig. 7. Ecological status or potential of surface water bodies (data source: MoE, TGM WRI, Biology Centre CAS, River Boards, s.e.)<\/h6>\n

Vyhodnocen\u00ed stavu vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f pln\u00ed v\u00a0pl\u00e1novac\u00edm cyklu dvoj\u00ed \u00fa\u010del:<\/p>\n