{"id":3138,"date":"2017-02-10T07:45:05","date_gmt":"2017-02-10T07:45:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=3138"},"modified":"2024-07-16T11:58:02","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T10:58:02","slug":"pond-systems-in-selected-regions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2017\/02\/pond-systems-in-selected-regions\/","title":{"rendered":"Pond systems in selected regions"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

 <\/p>\n

Souhrn<\/h2>\n

Rybn\u00edky jsou v\u00fdznamnou organickou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed krajiny \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky ji\u017e po stalet\u00ed. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed republiky a\u00a0pln\u00ed \u0159adu funkc\u00ed krom\u011b t\u00e9 historicky hlavn\u00ed, kterou je chov ryb. Hustota rybn\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0jejich vlastnosti jsou zna\u010dn\u011b prom\u011bnliv\u00e9 na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech republiky, co\u017e je ovlivn\u011bno mimo jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi podm\u00ednkami a\u00a0historick\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 porovn\u00e1n\u00edm \u010dty\u0159 \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 byla vybr\u00e1na pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00fdch studi\u00ed pro pot\u0159eby v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho projektu DG16P02M036 \u00dadr\u017eba, opravy a\u00a0monitoring hr\u00e1z\u00ed historick\u00fdch rybn\u00edk\u016f jako na\u0161eho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed financovan\u00e9ho Ministerstvem kultury prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm programu NAKI\u00a0II. Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed je zam\u011b\u0159eno p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na hustotu a\u00a0velikosti rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0oblasti Kostelecka, Blanicka, Blatenska a\u00a0T\u0159ebo\u0148ska.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a01. Vymezen\u00ed z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed
\nFig. 1. Location of regions of interest<\/h6>\n

V\u00fdsledky anal\u00fdz jednotliv\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed proveden\u00fdch s\u00a0ohledem na morfologick\u00e9 charakteristiky \u00fazem\u00ed a\u00a0strukturu s\u00edt\u011b rybn\u00edk\u016f ukazuj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi oblastmi. Jako ukazatele morfologie \u00fazem\u00ed byly pou\u017eity pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka a\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd sklon \u00fazem\u00ed, v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rybn\u00edk\u016f se jednalo o\u00a0hustotu rybn\u00edk\u016f, medi\u00e1n jejich velikosti a\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brnou velikost. Hodnoty morfologick\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f a\u00a0charakteristik rybn\u00edk\u016f byly vz\u00e1jemn\u011b porovn\u00e1ny za \u00fa\u010delem posouzen\u00ed jejich z\u00e1vislosti. V\u00fdsledky ukazuj\u00ed vztah pouze v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 sklonitosti \u00fazem\u00ed a\u00a0hustoty rybn\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0jejich pr\u016fm\u011brnou velikost\u00ed. V\u00a0obou p\u0159\u00edpadech se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0pokles, tj.\u00a0s\u00a0rostouc\u00ed sklonitost\u00ed kles\u00e1 jak hustota rybn\u00edk\u016f, tak jejich velikost.<\/p>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

Rybn\u00edky jsou ji\u017e po stalet\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm prvkem na\u0161\u00ed kulturn\u00ed krajiny. Opl\u00fdv\u00e1 jimi zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st \u00fazem\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed republiky, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e tyto vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee pln\u00ed \u0159adu funkc\u00ed mimo t\u00e9 historicky nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kterou je chov ryb. Hustota rybn\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0jejich struktura s\u00a0ohledem na velikost a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed charakteristiky v\u0161ak mohou b\u00fdt velmi rozd\u00edln\u00e9 p\u0159i porovn\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed s\u00a0odli\u0161n\u00fdm historick\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi podm\u00ednkami a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi faktory.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdznam rybn\u00edk\u016f je zm\u00edn\u011bn ji\u017e Karlem\u00a0IV., kter\u00fd ve sv\u00e9m majest\u00e1tu \u201eUt regnum nostrum Bohemiae piscinis et vaporibus abundaret\u2026\u201c <\/em>citovan\u00e9m mnoh\u00fdmi autory (nap\u0159.\u00a0Jansk\u00fdm [1]) zmi\u0148uje nejen funkci produk\u010dn\u00ed, ale i\u00a0hydrologickou a\u00a0klimatickou. Stejn\u011b tak byl v\u00fdznam rybn\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0rybnik\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed vyzdvihov\u00e1n i\u00a0v\u00a0pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obdob\u00edch, na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20.\u00a0stol. nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0160ustou a\u00a0Mokr\u00fdm [2], ze sou\u010dasn\u00fdch autor\u016f se v\u00fdznamu rybnik\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed v\u00a0minulosti i\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti v\u011bnuje nap\u0159\u00edklad Hule [3].<\/p>\n

Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek se zam\u011b\u0159uje na porovn\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dty\u0159 \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 byla zvolena pro p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e9 studie pro pot\u0159eby projektu DG16P02M036 \u00dadr\u017eba, opravy a\u00a0monitoring hr\u00e1z\u00ed historick\u00fdch rybn\u00edk\u016f jako na\u0161eho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho v\u00a0r\u00e1mci programu NAKI II financovan\u00e9ho Ministerstvem kultury \u010cR. Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed je zam\u011b\u0159eno na strukturu a\u00a0hustotu rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch oblastech, kter\u00fdmi jsou Kostelecko, Blanicko, Blatensko a\u00a0T\u0159ebo\u0148sko ve vztahu k\u00a0fyzicko\u00ad\u2011geografick\u00fdm charakteristik\u00e1m t\u011bchto \u00fazem\u00ed. Anal\u00fdzy jsou zam\u011b\u0159eny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na rybn\u00edky s\u00a0rozlohou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 0,5\u2008ha s\u00a0p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm ke skute\u010dnosti, zda se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0rybn\u00edky historick\u00e9 \u010di vystaven\u00e9 v\u00a0ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 minulosti. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b t\u011bchto rybn\u00edk\u016f byly provedeny anal\u00fdzy se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na kategorie jejich velikosti v\u00a0r\u00e1mci jednotliv\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 oblasti<\/h2>\n

Z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 oblasti byly vymezeny s\u00a0ohledem na hydrologick\u00e9 pom\u011bry, tj.\u00a0jako povod\u00ed. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0jedno \u010di v\u00edce povod\u00ed definovan\u00fdch jednozna\u010dn\u011b uz\u00e1v\u011brov\u00fdm profilem, v\u00a0jednom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u0161ak bylo nutno \u00fazem\u00ed vymezit komplikovan\u011bji. Oblasti byly vyb\u00edr\u00e1ny tak, aby pokr\u00fdvaly r\u016fzn\u00e9 fyzicko\u00ad\u2011geografick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky s\u00a0t\u00edm, aby se v\u00a0nich vyskytovalo dostate\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed historick\u00fdch rybn\u00edk\u016f. Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr.\u00a01<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Kostelecko<\/h3>\n

Tato oblast se nach\u00e1z\u00ed 35\u2008km v\u00fdchodn\u011b od Prahy ve St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9m kraji. Zahrnuje povod\u00ed Jevansk\u00e9ho a\u00a0Nu\u010dick\u00e9ho potoka po jejich soutok se S\u00e1zavou, povod\u00ed \u0160embery a\u00a0Bylanky po jejich soutok a\u00a0povod\u00ed V\u00fdrovky po soutok s\u00a0Vrb\u010dansk\u00fdm potokem. Celkov\u00e1 rozloha t\u00e9to oblasti \u010din\u00ed 533,3\u2008km2<\/sup>. \u00dazem\u00ed je intenzivn\u011b zem\u011bd\u011blsky vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0jeho v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti, v\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti jsou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u011brou zastoupeny lesn\u00ed porosty. V\u00a0obou p\u0159\u00edpadech se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0pom\u011brn\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 a\u00a0zna\u010dn\u011b souvisl\u00e9 celky. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi s\u00eddly jsou zde Kostelec nad \u010cern\u00fdmi Lesy, Kou\u0159im, kter\u00e1 je historick\u00fdm spr\u00e1vn\u00edm st\u0159ediskem, Uhl\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9 Janovice a\u00a0na severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm okraji zasahuje do oblasti \u010cesk\u00fd Brod. Z\u00a0geomorfologick\u00e9ho hlediska spad\u00e1 toto \u00fazem\u00ed do Hercynsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu (provincie \u010cesk\u00e1 vyso\u010dina, subprovincie \u010cesko-moravsk\u00e1 soustava a\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e1 tabule).<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a02. Po\u010dty rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch velikostn\u00edch kategori\u00edch v\u00a0oblasti Kostelecka
\nFig. 2. Frequencies of fishponds in size categories in the region Kostelecko<\/h6>\n

Blanicko<\/h3>\n

Oblast Blanicka se rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 kolem hory Blan\u00edk (632\u00a0m\u00a0n.\u00a0m.) cca\u00a055\u2008km jihov\u00fdchodn\u011b od Prahy a\u00a0zasahuje jednak do St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9ho kraje a\u00a0jednak do Jiho\u010desk\u00e9ho kraje. P\u0159edstavuje cel\u00e9 povod\u00ed toku Blanice (Vla\u0161imsk\u00e9) po jej\u00ed soutok se S\u00e1zavou 2\u2008km nad \u010cesk\u00fdm \u0160ternberkem. Celkov\u00e1 rozloha povod\u00ed Blanice k\u00a0uz\u00e1v\u011brov\u00e9mu profilu \u010din\u00ed 543,3\u2008km2<\/sup>. V\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed jsou v\u00fdznamn\u011b zastoupeny jak plochy zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy, tak lesn\u00ed porosty, oboj\u00ed rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 v\u00a0men\u0161\u00edch ploch\u00e1ch. Hlavn\u00edmi s\u00eddly \u00fazem\u00ed jsou Vla\u0161im, Na\u010deradec, Divi\u0161ov a\u00a0Postupice. Geomorfologicky n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed oblast Blanicka k\u00a0Hercynsk\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu (provincie \u010cesk\u00e1 vyso\u010dina, subprovincie \u010cesko\u00ad\u2011moravsk\u00e1 soustava).<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a03. Po\u010dty rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch velikostn\u00edch kategori\u00edch v\u00a0oblasti Blanicka
\nFig. 3. Frequencies of fishponds in size categories in the region Blanicko<\/h6>\n

Blatensko<\/h3>\n

Tato oblast je pro dan\u00fd \u00fa\u010del definov\u00e1na povod\u00edm Lomnice po soutok se Skalic\u00ed. Oblast se nach\u00e1z\u00ed 80\u2008km jihoz\u00e1padn\u011b od Prahy na rozhran\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed kraj\u016f\u00a0\u2013 Jiho\u010desk\u00e9ho, Plze\u0148sk\u00e9ho a\u00a0St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9ho. Celkov\u00e1 rozloha oblasti \u010din\u00ed 394,6\u2008km2<\/sup>. V\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed jsou zastoupeny jak lesn\u00ed porosty, kter\u00e9 jsou soust\u0159ed\u011bny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0severn\u00ed a\u00a0ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u00fazem\u00ed, tak zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 p\u016fda, v\u00fdznamnou krajinnou slo\u017ekou jsou zde ov\u0161em pr\u00e1v\u011b i\u00a0rybn\u00edky. Hlavn\u00ed s\u00eddla v\u00a0tomto \u00fazem\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed Blatn\u00e1, Kasejovice, Mirotice a\u00a0B\u011bl\u010dice. Oblast Blatenska spad\u00e1 geomorfologicky do Hercynsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu (provincie \u010cesk\u00e1 vyso\u010dina, subprovincie \u010cesko\u00ad\u2011moravsk\u00e1 soustava a\u00a0\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b Poberounsk\u00e1 soustava).<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a04. Po\u010dty rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch velikostn\u00edch kategori\u00edch v\u00a0oblasti Blatenska
\nFig. 4. Frequencies of fishponds in size categories in the region Blatensko<\/h6>\n

T\u0159ebo\u0148sko<\/h3>\n

\u00dazem\u00ed se nach\u00e1z\u00ed 120\u2008km ji\u017en\u011b od Prahy na \u00fazem\u00ed Jiho\u010desk\u00e9ho kraje a\u00a0p\u0159edstavuje s\u00a0rozlohou 617,6\u2008km2<\/sup> nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00a0analyzovan\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. Oblast T\u0159ebo\u0148ska je v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b prostorov\u011b vymezena jako \u010d\u00e1st povod\u00ed Lu\u017enice po soutok s\u00a0Ne\u017e\u00e1rkou. Oproti hranic\u00edm hydrologick\u00fdch povod\u00ed je odd\u011blena plocha na prav\u00e9m b\u0159ehu Lu\u017enice v\u00a0\u00faseku od Suchdola nad Lu\u017enic\u00ed po odd\u011blen\u00ed Nov\u00e9 \u0159eky, \u00fazem\u00ed na prav\u00e9m b\u0159ehu Nov\u00e9 \u0159eky a\u00a0cel\u00e1 horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st povod\u00ed Lu\u017enice k\u00a0Suchdolu nad Lu\u017enic\u00ed. Oblast je hojn\u011b pokryta lesn\u00edmi porosty v\u010detn\u011b lu\u017en\u00edch les\u016f, nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed roli na zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti tohoto \u00fazem\u00ed v\u0161ak hraj\u00ed rybn\u00edky. Geomorfologicky je i\u00a0oblast T\u0159ebo\u0148ska sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Hercynsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu (provincie \u010cesk\u00e1 vyso\u010dina, subprovincie \u010cesko\u00ad\u2011moravsk\u00e1 soustava a\u00a0velmi okrajov\u011b \u0160umavsk\u00e1 soustava).<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a05. Po\u010dty rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch velikostn\u00edch kategori\u00edch v\u00a0oblasti T\u0159ebo\u0148ska
\nFig. 5. Frequencies of fishponds in size categories in the region T\u0159ebo\u0148sko<\/h6>\n

Anal\u00fdzy oblast\u00ed<\/h2>\n

V\u00a0prvn\u00edm kroku byly provedeny anal\u00fdzy jednotliv\u00fdch oblast\u00ed s\u00a0ohledem na jejich morfologii, a\u00a0to na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee morfologie \u00fazem\u00ed je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch faktor\u016f hraj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00a0minulosti roli p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru lokalit pro v\u00fdstavbu rybn\u00edk\u016f. Z\u00a0tohoto pohledu byly posuzov\u00e1ny nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky jednotliv\u00fdch oblast\u00ed a\u00a0jejich sklonitost. N\u00e1sledn\u011b byla provedena statistick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza velikosti rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch oblastech a\u00a0identifikace t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 existovaly ji\u017e v\u00a0prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 19.\u00a0stol. a\u00a0byly v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 0,5\u2008ha.<\/p>\n

Morfologie oblast\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Anal\u00fdza morfologie ter\u00e9nu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch oblastech byla provedena s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm nejpodrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dostupn\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161kopisn\u00fdch dat poskytovan\u00fdch \u010c\u00daZK. Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0digit\u00e1ln\u00ed model reli\u00e9fu 5.\u00a0generace, co\u017e je podklad s\u00a0vysokou p\u0159esnost\u00ed a\u00a0velkou podrobnost\u00ed [4]. Nejprve byly stanoveny z\u00e1kladn\u00ed charakteristiky nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky jednotliv\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. Jednalo se o\u00a0minim\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ku a\u00a0o\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brnou nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161ku jednotliv\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm krokem bylo posouzen\u00ed sklonitostn\u00edch charakteristik \u00fazem\u00ed. K\u00a0tomuto \u00fa\u010delu byl proveden v\u00fdpo\u010det sklon\u016f v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 z\u00a0oblast\u00ed s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm modelu ter\u00e9nu p\u0159evzorkovan\u00e9ho na rozli\u0161en\u00ed 10 \u00d7 10\u2008m. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sklon\u016f byla ur\u010dena jeho pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 hodnota. Morfologick\u00e9 ukazatele jednotliv\u00fdch oblast\u00ed jsou uvedeny v\u00a0tabulce\u00a01<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Tabulka 1. Morfologick\u00e9 ukazatele jednotliv\u00fdch oblast\u00ed
\nTable 1. Morphological properties of regions of interest<\/h5>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

V\u00fdsledky t\u00e9to z\u00e1kladn\u00ed anal\u00fdzy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee nejv\u00fd\u0161e polo\u017eenou oblast\u00ed je Blatensko (pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka 509,4\u00a0m\u00a0n.\u00a0m.), zat\u00edmco nejn\u00ed\u017ee polo\u017eenou je Kostelecko (pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka 352,5\u00a0m\u00a0n.\u00a0m.). Naproti tomu nejplo\u0161\u0161\u00edm \u00fazem\u00edm je T\u0159ebo\u0148sko (pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd sklon 2,6\u00a0%) a\u00a0nejsva\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm Blanicko (pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd sklon 9,9\u00a0%).<\/p>\n

Struktura rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch oblastech<\/h3>\n

Pro pot\u0159eby hodnocen\u00ed rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch oblastech byla pou\u017eita prostorov\u00e1 vektorov\u00e1 data dostupn\u00e1 v\u00a0datab\u00e1zi DIBAVOD\u00a0\u2013 vrstva A05_vodni_nadrze [5]. V\u00a0prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b byla provedena anal\u00fdza rybn\u00edk\u016f s\u00a0ohledem na jejich velikost. Z\u00a0tohoto pohledu byly rybn\u00edky a\u00a0vodn\u00ed plochy zat\u0159\u00edd\u011bny do kategori\u00ed 0\u20130,5\u2008ha, 0,5\u20131\u2008ha, 1\u20132\u2008ha, 2\u20135\u2008ha, 5\u201310\u2008ha, 10\u201350\u2008ha a\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 50\u2008ha. Podle p\u0159edpokladu byla nej\u010detn\u011bji zastoupena kategorie do 0,5\u2008ha, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje i\u00a0mal\u00e9 n\u00e1vesn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee a\u00a0ostatn\u00ed drobn\u00e9 vodn\u00ed plochy z\u00a0pohledu rybnik\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a\u00a0rybn\u00edk\u016f pouze m\u00e1lo v\u00fdznamn\u00e9. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed t\u011bchto mal\u00fdch vodn\u00edch ploch vykazuje oblast Blanicka, kde vodn\u00ed plochy men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 0,5\u2008ha p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed 23\u00a0% celkov\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u00e9 rozlohy vodn\u00edch ploch, v\u00a0ostatn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a010\u00a0% (Kostelecko) \u010di mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b (4\u00a0% pro Blatensko a\u00a01\u00a0% pro T\u0159ebo\u0148sko). Zastoupen\u00ed uveden\u00fdch velikostn\u00edch kategori\u00ed v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch oblastech je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno v\u00a0grafech na obr.\u00a02<\/em> a\u017e 5<\/em> a\u00a0v\u00a0tabulce\u00a02<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Tabulka 2. Zastoupen\u00ed velikostn\u00edch kategori\u00ed rybn\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch oblastech
\nTable 2. Frequencies of fishponds and water bodies in size categories in regions of interest<\/h5>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edmi ukazateli velikosti rybn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly ur\u010deny, byla maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost (velikost nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vodn\u00ed plochy\/rybn\u00edka) a\u00a0medi\u00e1n velikosti pro soubory rybn\u00edk\u016f s\u00a0rozlohou nad 0,5\u2008ha. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b prvn\u00ed oblasti (Kostelecko) je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vodn\u00ed plochou Vav\u0159ineck\u00fd rybn\u00edk z\u00a0roku 1472\u2008s\u00a0v\u00fdm\u011brou 77,9\u2008ha. Medi\u00e1n velikosti rybn\u00edk\u016f nad 0,5\u2008ha \u010din\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Kostelecka 1,37\u2008ha. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b druh\u00e9 oblasti (Blanicko) je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vodn\u00ed plochou rybn\u00edk Smikov, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na toku Chot\u00fd\u0161anky, s\u00a0rozlohou 23,2\u2008ha. V\u00a0oblasti Blanicka dosahuje hodnota medi\u00e1nu 1,10\u2008ha. Na Blatensku je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm rybn\u00edkem Labu\u0165 zalo\u017een\u00fdm v\u00a0roce 1492 [6] s\u00a0rozlohou 101\u2008ha. Hodnota medi\u00e1nu v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u010din\u00ed 2,90\u2008ha. Na T\u0159ebo\u0148sku se nach\u00e1z\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rybn\u00edky ze v\u0161ech analyzovan\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, celkem 77 z\u00a0nich m\u00e1 rozlohu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 10\u2008ha.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a06. Mapa zachycuj\u00edc\u00ed rybn\u00edky v\u00a0oblasti Kostelecka s\u00a0rozli\u0161en\u00edm rybn\u00edk\u016f historick\u00fdch a\u00a0ostatn\u00edch
\nFig. 6. Map showing fishponds in the region Kostelecko distinguishing those historical and others<\/h6>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Obr.\u00a07. Mapa zachycuj\u00edc\u00ed rybn\u00edky v\u00a0oblasti Blanicka s\u00a0rozli\u0161en\u00edm rybn\u00edk\u016f historick\u00fdch a\u00a0ostatn\u00edch
\nFig. 7. Map showing fishponds in the region Blanicko distinguishing those historical and others<\/h6>\n\"\"<\/a>\n
Obr.\u00a08. Mapa zachycuj\u00edc\u00ed rybn\u00edky v\u00a0oblasti Blatenska s\u00a0rozli\u0161en\u00edm rybn\u00edk\u016f historick\u00fdch a\u00a0ostatn\u00edch
\nFig. 8. Map showing fishponds in the region Blatensko distinguishing those historical and others<\/h6>\n\"\"<\/a>\n
Obr.\u00a09. Mapa zachycuj\u00edc\u00ed rybn\u00edky v\u00a0oblasti T\u0159ebo\u0148ska s\u00a0rozli\u0161en\u00edm rybn\u00edk\u016f historick\u00fdch a\u00a0ostatn\u00edch
\nFig. 9. Map showing fishponds in the region T\u0159ebo\u0148sko distinguishing those historical and others<\/h6>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0nich je rybn\u00edk Ro\u017emberk zalo\u017een\u00fd v\u00a0roce 1584 [6], kter\u00fd je s\u00a0rozlohou 427,1\u2008ha i\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm rybn\u00edkem \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, by\u0165 v\u00a0minulosti se je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rybn\u00edky (\u010ceperka a\u00a0Blato) nach\u00e1zely v\u00a0Polab\u00ed [7]. Medi\u00e1n velikosti rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e 0,5\u2008ha v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dosahuje hodnoty 2,51\u2008ha.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm krokem byla s\u00a0ohledem na zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed projektu, pro jeho\u017e pot\u0159eby byly anal\u00fdzy zpracov\u00e1ny, identifikace t\u011bch rybn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 lze pova\u017eovat za historick\u00e9. V\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byly jako historick\u00e9 ozna\u010deny ty, kter\u00e9 jsou zaznamen\u00e1ny ji\u017e na map\u00e1ch II. vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ty jsou nejstar\u0161\u00edm mapov\u00fdm podkladem, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 dostate\u010dnou polohovou p\u0159esnost a\u00a0podrobnost a\u00a0pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 cel\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. Star\u0161\u00ed mapy, nap\u0159\u00edklad mapy I.\u00a0vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed, maj\u00ed k\u00a0dan\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu nedostate\u010dnou polohovou p\u0159esnost [8]. K\u00a0anal\u00fdz\u00e1m byla vyu\u017eita digitalizovan\u00e1 vrstva vodn\u00edch ploch zachycen\u00fdch na t\u011bchto map\u00e1ch [9]. Vrstva obsahuje pouze vodn\u00ed plochy s\u00a0rozlohou nad 0,5\u2008ha, jeliko\u017e men\u0161\u00ed vodn\u00ed plochy vykazuj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 odchylky v\u00a0poloze, kter\u00e9 vylu\u010duj\u00ed jejich automatizovan\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed GIS. Historick\u00e9 rybn\u00edky byly identifikov\u00e1ny tak, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e1 vrstva vodn\u00edch ploch byla p\u0159ekryta vrstvou historick\u00fdch rybn\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0byly z\u00a0n\u00ed vybr\u00e1ny ty, kter\u00e9 prot\u00ednaly n\u011bkter\u00fd z\u00a0historick\u00fdch rybn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a010. Vztah mezi pr\u016fm\u011brnou nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou (m n. m.) a\u00a0hustotou rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e 0,5\u2008ha (ks.km-2<\/sup>)
\nFig. 10. The relationship between average elevation (m\u00a0a.s.l.) and density of fishponds larger than 0.5\u2008ha (pcs.km-2<\/sup>)<\/h6>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Obr.\u00a011. Vztah mezi pr\u016fm\u011brnou sklonitost\u00ed (%) a\u00a0hustotou rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e 0,5\u2008ha (ks.km-2<\/sup>)
\nFig. 11. The relationship between average slope (%) and density of fishponds larger than 0.5\u2008ha (pcs.km-2<\/sup>)<\/h6>\n\"\"<\/a>\n
Obr.\u00a012. Vztah mezi pr\u016fm\u011brnou nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou (m n. m.) a\u00a0hustotou rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e 0,5\u2008ha (km2<\/sup>.km-2<\/sup>)
\nFig. 12. The relationship between average elevation (m\u00a0a.s.l.) and density of fishponds larger than 0.5\u2008ha (km2<\/sup>.km-2<\/sup>)<\/h6>\n

S\u00a0ohledem na zastoupen\u00ed historick\u00fdch rybn\u00edk\u016f vykazuj\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 oblasti zna\u010dn\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti. Zat\u00edmco v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b T\u0159ebo\u0148ska a\u00a0Blatenska spadaj\u00ed v\u0161echny vodn\u00ed plochy s\u00a0rozlohou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 0,5\u2008ha mezi historick\u00e9, na Kostelecku a\u00a0Blanicku jich je v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed mlad\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e cca\u00a0160\u00a0let. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b polovinu n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Kostelecka a\u00a0t\u0159etinu n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Blanicka. Mapy prezentuj\u00edc\u00ed vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch oblastech v\u010detn\u011b rozd\u011blen\u00ed na historick\u00e9 a\u00a0ostatn\u00ed jsou zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny na obr.\u00a02<\/em>.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a013. Vztah mezi pr\u016fm\u011brnou sklonitost\u00ed (%) a\u00a0hustotou rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e 0,5\u2008ha (km2<\/sup>.km-2<\/sup>)
\nFig. 13. The relationship between average slope (%) and density of fishponds larger than 0.5\u2008ha (km2<\/sup>.km-2<\/sup>)<\/h6>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Obr.\u00a014. Vztah mezi pr\u016fm\u011brnou nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou (m n. m.) a\u00a0medi\u00e1nem velikosti rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e 0,5\u2008ha (ha)
\nFig. 14. The relationship between average elevation (m\u00a0a.s.l.) and median of fishponds areas larger than 0.5\u2008ha (ha)<\/h6>\n

Hodnocen\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Posuzovan\u00e9 oblasti vykazuj\u00ed s\u00a0ohledem na strukturu rybn\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti. P\u0159i konfrontaci struktury s\u00edt\u011b vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed s\u00a0morfologick\u00fdmi ukazateli je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee s\u00a0nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed sklonitost\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed se obecn\u011b zmen\u0161uje velikost vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed i\u00a0jejich celkov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed a\u00a0celkov\u00e1 rozloha p\u0159i uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edch ploch s\u00a0rozlohou nad 0,5\u2008ha. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rybn\u00edky se tak nach\u00e1z\u00ed na T\u0159ebo\u0148sku (Ro\u017emberk, Horusick\u00fd rybn\u00edk, Dvo\u0159i\u0161t\u011b a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed, tedy rybn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0cel\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 republice [10]), kter\u00e9 vykazuje nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hodnotu pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho sklonu, stejn\u011b tak tato oblast vykazuje nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det rybn\u00edk\u016f i\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed celkovou rozlohu vodn\u00edch ploch. Celkov\u011b men\u0161\u00ed rybn\u00edky se pak nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0oblastech s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi hodnotami pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho sklonu (Kostelecko, Blanicko). Naopak jako m\u00e1lo v\u00fdznamnou lze pova\u017eovat nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161ku jednotliv\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, jeliko\u017e Kostelecko s\u00a0nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brnou nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou se vyzna\u010duje n\u00edzk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm rybn\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0jejich relativn\u011b malou rozlohou, zat\u00edmco T\u0159ebo\u0148sko s\u00a0druhou nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brnou nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou je v\u00a0tomto ohledu na opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u00f3lu.<\/p>\n

Pro pot\u0159eby podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed byly vypo\u010dteny hustoty vodn\u00edch ploch nad 0,5\u2008ha vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00e9 jednak jako procentu\u00e1ln\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch oblastech (km2<\/sup>.km-2<\/sup>) a\u00a0jednak jako po\u010det vodn\u00edch ploch na jednotku plochy (ks.km-2<\/sup>). I\u00a0v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b t\u011bchto ukazatel\u016f se vyzna\u010duje nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zastoupen\u00edm rybn\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed nad 0,5\u2008ha T\u0159ebo\u0148sko s\u00a0hodnotami 0,083\u2008km2<\/sup>.km-2<\/sup> a\u00a00,55\u2008ks.km-2<\/sup>. Pom\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00e9 hodnoty odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed i\u00a0oblasti Blatenska\u00a0\u2013 0,032\u2008km2<\/sup>.km-2<\/sup> a\u00a00,49\u2008ks.km-2<\/sup>. Na opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u00f3lu se nach\u00e1z\u00ed oblasti Kostelecka a\u00a0Blanicka s\u00a0hodnotami 0,006 a\u00a00,005\u2008km2<\/sup>.km-2<\/sup> a\u00a00,15 a\u00a00,28\u2008ks.km-2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Obr.\u00a015. Vztah mezi pr\u016fm\u011brnou sklonitost\u00ed (%) a\u00a0medi\u00e1nem velikosti rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e 0,5\u2008ha (ha)
\nFig. 15. The relationship between average slope (%) and median of fishponds areas larger than 0.5\u2008ha (ha)<\/h6>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Obr.\u00a016. Vztah mezi pr\u016fm\u011brnou nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou (m n. m.) a\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brnou velikost\u00ed rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e 0,5\u2008ha (ha)
\nFig. 16. The relationship between average elevation (m\u00a0a.s.l.) and average area of fishponds larger than 0.5\u2008ha (ha)<\/h6>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Obr.\u00a017. Vztah mezi pr\u016fm\u011brnou sklonitost\u00ed (%) a\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brnou velikost\u00ed rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e 0,5\u2008ha (ha)
\nFig. 17. The relationship between average slope (%) and average area of fishponds larger than 0.5\u2008ha (ha)<\/h6>\n

Pro pot\u0159eby podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho posouzen\u00ed vztahu mezi morfologick\u00fdmi ukazateli a\u00a0strukturou rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch oblastech bylo zpracov\u00e1no grafick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed jejich hodnot, a\u00a0to jak pro rybn\u00edky historick\u00e9, tak pro ty sou\u010dasn\u00e9. Pro posouzen\u00ed byly jako charakteristiky popisuj\u00edc\u00ed morfologii zvoleny pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka a\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd sklon, pro rybn\u00edky pak hustota vodn\u00edch ploch a\u00a0hodnota medi\u00e1nu a\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru velikost rybn\u00edk\u016f s\u00a0rozlohou nad 0,5\u2008ha. Tyto hodnoty jsou zn\u00e1zorn\u011bny v\u00a0grafech na obr.\u00a010<\/em> a\u017e 17<\/em>. Z\u00a0grafick\u00e9ho zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f neexistuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vztah mezi porovn\u00e1van\u00fdmi ukazateli. V\u00fdjimku tvo\u0159\u00ed vztah mezi hustotou rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0ks.km-2<\/sup> a\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brnou sklonitost\u00ed oblasti a\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brnou velikost\u00ed rybn\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brnou sklonitost\u00ed. V\u00a0obou t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech je patrn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst hustoty rybn\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0jejich pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 velikosti s\u00a0klesaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brnou sklonitost\u00ed. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee rybn\u00edky byly budov\u00e1ny sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u00a0plo\u0161\u0161\u00edch \u00fazem\u00edch a\u00a0\u017ee v\u00a0t\u011bchto \u00fazem\u00edch byly stav\u011bny rybn\u00edky s\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011brou.<\/p>\n

Za pozornost stoj\u00ed d\u00e1le skute\u010dnost, \u017ee v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b oblast\u00ed s\u00a0vysokou hustotou vodn\u00edch ploch (Blatensko a\u00a0T\u0159ebo\u0148sko) jsou v\u0161echny n\u00e1dr\u017ee nad 0,5\u2008ha star\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e cca\u00a0160\u00a0let a\u00a0\u017ee se zde tedy nenach\u00e1z\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 relativn\u011b nov\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee. To lze ch\u00e1pat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm tak, \u017ee s\u00a0ohledem na vysokou hustotu vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0t\u011bchto \u00fazem\u00edch jednak nebyl prostor a\u00a0vhodn\u00e9 profily pro budov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch a\u00a0jednak nebyla pot\u0159eba budovat dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

Prezentovan\u00e9 oblasti byly voleny tak, aby reprezentovaly \u00fazem\u00ed s\u00a0odli\u0161n\u00fdmi charakteristikami. P\u0159edm\u011btem anal\u00fdzy byl historick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj, morfologie ter\u00e9nu a\u00a0samotn\u00e1 struktura s\u00edt\u011b vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed. V\u00fdsledky ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee vytipovan\u00e9 oblasti jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro dal\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu, jeliko\u017e jsou v\u00fdrazn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 vzhledem k\u00a0uva\u017eovan\u00fdm charakteristik\u00e1m. Li\u0161\u00ed se jak strukturou rybni\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, tak morfologick\u00fdmi charakteristikami. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b morfologick\u00fdch charakteristik se ukazuje zejm\u00e9na z\u00e1vislost mezi sklonitost\u00ed ter\u00e9nu v\u00a0oblasti a\u00a0hustotou vodn\u00edch ploch. Ta m\u00e1 podobu klesaj\u00edc\u00ed hustoty vodn\u00edch ploch s\u00a0nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed sklonitost\u00ed. Stejn\u011b tak v\u00fdsledky nazna\u010duj\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst velikosti vodn\u00edch ploch s\u00a0klesaj\u00edc\u00edm pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdm sklonem. Oboj\u00ed patrn\u011b souvis\u00ed s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee historicky byly rybn\u00edky zakl\u00e1d\u00e1ny v\u00a0ploch\u00fdch podm\u00e1\u010den\u00fdch oblastech, jeliko\u017e zejm\u00e9na m\u011blk\u00e9 rybn\u00edky byly vhodn\u00e9 pro teplovodn\u00ed chov ryb. Naopak v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch posuzovan\u00fdch kombinac\u00ed ukazatel\u016f se z\u00e1vislost neukazuje.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hodnocen\u00fdch oblast\u00ed byl odli\u0161n\u00fd i\u00a0jejich historick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj, kter\u00fd v\u0161ak bude nutno podrobn\u011b posoudit na z\u00e1klad\u011b studia historick\u00fdch map i\u00a0dostupn\u00fdch p\u00edsemn\u00fdch pramen\u016f. Prvotn\u00ed anal\u00fdzy v\u0161ak ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00a0oblastech s\u00a0vysokou hustotou vodn\u00edch ploch se v\u00a0podstat\u011b nevyskytuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 novodob\u00e9 vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee. V\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch kroc\u00edch budou zkoum\u00e1ny mimo jin\u00e9 vlastnosti hr\u00e1zov\u00fdch t\u011bles a\u00a0podrobn\u00fd historick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj mno\u017estv\u00ed vodn\u00edch ploch v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch oblastech s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm mapov\u00fdch a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch podklad\u016f zachycuj\u00edc\u00edch obdob\u00ed star\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b druh\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed, tedy prvn\u00ed poloviny 19.\u00a0stol. To v\u0161ak bude p\u0159edstavovat zna\u010dn\u00fd objem manu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce vzhledem ke skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee star\u0161\u00ed mapov\u00e9 podklady nemaj\u00ed dostate\u010dnou polohovou p\u0159esnost. S\u00a0ohledem na zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed projektu, v\u00a0jeho\u017e r\u00e1mci byly prezentovan\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy provedeny, je v\u0161ak znalost historick\u00e9ho kontextu nezbytn\u00e1. P\u00e9\u010de o\u00a0hr\u00e1ze historick\u00fdch rybn\u00edk\u016f je velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a\u00a0znalost obdob\u00ed jejich vzniku umo\u017e\u0148uje jednak identifikaci t\u011bch nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a\u00a0jednak pom\u00e1h\u00e1, p\u0159i znalosti v\u00fdvoje technologi\u00ed stavby rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0minulosti, zvolit vhodn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0p\u00e9\u010di \u010di postup opravy.<\/p>\n

Navazuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum bude t\u00e9\u017e zahrnovat roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed na v\u00edce oblast\u00ed s\u00a0c\u00edlem z\u00edskat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed soubor, s\u00a0jeho\u017e vyu\u017eit\u00edm by bylo mo\u017eno prov\u00e9st hodnocen\u00ed struktury rybn\u00edk\u016f v\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. To m\u016f\u017ee d\u00e1le slou\u017eit jako podklad pro identifikaci \u00fazem\u00ed, v\u00a0nich\u017e je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee obnovovat \u010di nov\u011b budovat. Pokud se pak uk\u00e1\u017e\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 charakteristiky \u00fazem\u00ed jako v\u00fdznamn\u011b determinuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 charakteristiky rybn\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, lze v\u00fdsledky z\u00edskan\u00e9 popsan\u00fdm postupem vyu\u017e\u00edt pro pot\u0159eby formulace doporu\u010den\u00ed pro v\u00fdstavbu nov\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n

V\u00fdsledky prezentovan\u00e9 v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku byly dosa\u017eeny v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho projektu DG16P02M036 \u00dadr\u017eba, opravy a\u00a0monitoring hr\u00e1z\u00ed historick\u00fdch rybn\u00edk\u016f jako na\u0161eho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho v\u00a0r\u00e1mci programu NAKI II financovan\u00e9ho Ministerstvem kultury \u010cR.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ponds are an important and organic part of the landscape in the Czech Republic through ages. They are spread over most of the area of the republic and have different functions besides the one which is historically the most important \u2013 fish farming.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":3049,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[731,733,729,730,732],"coauthors":[235,685],"class_list":["post-3138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-informatics-cartography-in-water-management","tag-density-of-ponds","tag-geographic-conditions","tag-historical-pond","tag-landscape","tag-physical"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3138"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3138\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30377,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3138\/revisions\/30377"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3049"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3138"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=3138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}