Stejn\u011b jako mnoha jin\u00fdm publikuj\u00edc\u00edm autor\u016fm se i\u00a0v\u00a0m\u00e9 e-mailov\u00e9 schr\u00e1nce pravideln\u011b objevuje nab\u00eddka uve\u0159ejnit \u010dl\u00e1nek ve v\u0161ech mo\u017en\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u010dasopisech. V\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto zpr\u00e1v skon\u010d\u00ed ve spamu, ale i\u00a0ten si pravideln\u011b kontroluji. A\u00a0p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee ze zv\u011bdavosti sleduji, jak\u00e9 \u010dasopisy dycht\u00ed po tom, abych za pat\u0159i\u010dn\u00fd obnos (APC\u00a0\u2013 article processing charge) u\u00a0nich otiskl v\u00fdsledky sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce. V\u011bt\u0161inou se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0\u010dasopisy z\u00a0Indie a\u00a0ned\u011bl\u00e1m si iluze, \u017ee to nejsou pochybn\u00e9, \u010di dokonce pred\u00e1torsk\u00e9 pl\u00e1tky. O\u00a0jejich praktik\u00e1ch, nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, je\u017e p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 o\u00a0tom, jak se jim br\u00e1nit, bylo naps\u00e1no i\u00a0v\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e mnoho, nam\u00e1tkou t\u0159eba [1\u20134]. Ob\u010das se v\u0161ak objev\u00ed i\u00a0v\u00fdjimky. V\u00a0lednu a\u00a0\u00fanoru 2015 jsem na\u0161el ve spamu nab\u00eddku publikovat \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u00a0rakousk\u00e9m botanick\u00e9m \u010dasopise Wulfenia<\/em>, co\u017e je periodikum indexovan\u00e9 v\u00a0datab\u00e1zi Web of Science. Ozna\u010dil jsem e-maily p\u0159\u00edznakem \u201enejedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0spam\u201c, ale jeliko\u017e se tento \u017eurn\u00e1l nepohybuje v\u00a0oboru, ve kter\u00e9m p\u016fsob\u00edm, na nab\u00eddku jsem nereagoval. Mimochodem, dodnes m\u00e1m oba uveden\u00e9 e-maily v\u00a0doru\u010den\u00e9 po\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n P\u0159ed p\u00e1r m\u011bs\u00edci jsem zaznamenal ve spamu dal\u0161\u00ed e-mail s nab\u00eddkou zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku v indexovan\u00e9m \u010dasopise. Po otev\u0159en\u00ed odkazu mi v\u0161ak jeho str\u00e1nky p\u0159ipadaly velmi primitivn\u00ed, tak\u017ee jsem chvilku p\u00e1tral a brzy jsem zjistil, \u017ee e-mail neodkazuje na skute\u010dn\u00e9 str\u00e1nky \u010dasopisu, n\u00fdbr\u017e na jejich velmi jednoduchou kopii. Zasm\u00e1l jsem se naivn\u00ed snaze krimin\u00e1ln\u00edch \u017eivl\u016f zm\u00e1st mne a vyl\u00e1kat z \u201eprot\u0159el\u00e9ho v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edka\u201c pen\u00edze za vyd\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku. Jen\u017ee podobn\u00fdch e-mail\u016f v posledn\u00edch t\u00fddnech p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 a vyzna\u010duj\u00ed se prakticky stejnou \u201e\u0161ablonou\u201c jak e-mailov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, tak vzhledu webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky. Jedn\u00e1 se tak evidentn\u011b o opakovanou, a tud\u00ed\u017e organizovanou kyberkriminalitu. Rozhodl jsem se tedy t\u00e9matu kr\u00e1de\u017ee digit\u00e1ln\u00ed identity v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho \u010dasopisu trochu v\u011bnovat a nesta\u010dil se divit. Z\u00e1hy se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee i j\u00e1 jsem jeden z \u201epo\u0161kozen\u00fdch\u201c. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, \u0161koda je v m\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pouze na sebev\u011bdom\u00ed \u201eprot\u0159el\u00e9ho v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edka\u201c, a nikoli hmotn\u00e1.<\/p>\n Kr\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed identity \u010di \u00fanosem \u010dasopisu se rozum\u00ed aktivita, kdy se webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed za str\u00e1nky regul\u00e9rn\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u017eurn\u00e1l\u016f nebo je kop\u00edruj\u00ed. Prvn\u00edmi periodiky, u\u00a0nich\u017e byla zdokumentov\u00e1na kr\u00e1de\u017e digit\u00e1ln\u00ed identity, byly \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd Archives des Sciences<\/em> a\u00a0rakousk\u00fd Wulfenia<\/em> [5]. Ano, p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1m, e-maily, kter\u00e9 jsem v\u00a0roce 2015 vyndal ze spamu, nejsou ni\u010d\u00edm jin\u00fdm ne\u017e spamem. I\u00a0kdy\u017e mus\u00edm dodat, \u017ee fale\u0161n\u00e9 str\u00e1nky Wulfenie<\/em> nevypadaj\u00ed na prvn\u00ed pohled jako podvrh. Butler popisuje [5], \u017ee podvodn\u00edci dokonce kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b zm\u00e1tli i\u00a0experty z\u00a0Web of Science. Tento typ kriminality se \u010dasto zam\u011b\u0159uje na \u010dasopisy, je\u017e sv\u00e9 webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky nemaj\u00ed nebo nejsou hostov\u00e1ny na vlastn\u00ed dom\u00e9n\u011b. D\u00e1le pak na \u017eurn\u00e1ly mal\u00fdch vydavatelstv\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00a0neanglicky mluv\u00edc\u00edch zem\u00ed [6]. Zmapov\u00e1n\u00edm \u010dinnosti t\u011bchto krimin\u00e1ln\u00edch \u017eivl\u016f v\u00a0obdob\u00ed 2011 a\u017e 2015 se zab\u00fdvali nap\u0159. Jalalian a\u00a0Dadkhah [7], v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti t\u0159eba Abalkina [8].<\/p>\n Kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek \u010di vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek periodik, je\u017e vlastn\u00ed str\u00e1nky nemaj\u00ed, nen\u00ed jedin\u00e1 metoda, kterou kyberzlo\u010dinci vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed. Bohannon [9] popisuje, jak lze pom\u011brn\u011b snadno z\u00edskat dom\u00e9nu regul\u00e9rn\u00edho \u017eurn\u00e1lu, pokud nen\u00ed v\u010das zaplacena. Trapp [10] zase uv\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy jsou rozes\u00edl\u00e1ny v\u00fdzvy k\u00a0publikaci ve fiktivn\u00edch speci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u010d\u00edslech skute\u010dn\u00fdch \u010dasopis\u016f.<\/p>\n C\u00edlem t\u011bchto krimin\u00e1ln\u00edch aktivit nen\u00ed nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e podvodem z\u00edskat pen\u00edze od autor\u016f v\u00a0r\u00e1mci sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho trendu otev\u0159en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016fm v\u00fdzkumu (OA\u00a0\u2013 open access). N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u201eunesen\u00e9\u201c \u010dasopisy dokonce eviduj\u00ed v\u00edce zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f ne\u017e ty stejnojmenn\u00e9 regul\u00e9rn\u00ed [11]. P\u0159itom \u201eztr\u00e1tu\u201c pro autory nemus\u00ed p\u0159edstavovat jen poplatek zaplacen\u00fd za uve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed. V\u00a0mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech jsou odborn\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky povinn\u00fdm v\u00fdstupem z\u00a0projekt\u016f financovan\u00fdch z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f. Autor, jen\u017e za\u0161le sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek k\u00a0oti\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed do\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9ho z\u00a0t\u011bchto \u010dasopis\u016f, bude t\u011b\u017eko vysv\u011btlovat p\u0159i auditu projektu, \u017ee nalet\u011bl kyberzlo\u010dinc\u016fm a\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nek bu\u010f nevy\u0161el v\u016fbec, nebo v\u00a0podvodn\u00e9m pl\u00e1tku, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed indexov\u00e1n ve Web of Science \u010di ve Scopusu. Pokud text v\u00a0takov\u00e9m \u017eurn\u00e1lu skute\u010dn\u011b vyjde, lze pochybovat, \u017ee byl recenzov\u00e1n, a\u00a0tud\u00ed\u017e nespl\u0148uje definici pro v\u00fdsledek typu J\/C (\u010dl\u00e1nek v\u00a0recenzovan\u00e9m \u010dasopise) dle Metodiky 17+ [12]. Je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee n\u00e1klady na jeho publikaci nebudou uzn\u00e1ny p\u0159i vy\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed projektu, a\u00a0dokonce m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ze strany poskytovatele po\u017eadov\u00e1no vr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti podpory za nedosa\u017een\u00ed p\u0159isl\u00edben\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Stejn\u011b tak se takov\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed prom\u00edtne do bibliografie autora a\u00a0jej\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed, je\u017e mnoh\u00e1 akademick\u00e1 pracovi\u0161t\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed. Nemluv\u011b o\u00a0tom, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 instituce zahrnuj\u00ed publika\u010dn\u00ed aktivity do syst\u00e9mu hodnocen\u00ed a\u00a0odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f nebo i\u00a0do rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed grant\u016f.<\/p>\n Dal\u0161\u00edm neblah\u00fdm projevem t\u011bchto krimin\u00e1ln\u00edch jev\u016f je pok\u0159iven\u00ed publika\u010dn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Je nepochybn\u00e9, \u017ee recenzn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed u\u00a0pred\u00e1torsk\u00fdch i\u00a0unesen\u00fdch pl\u00e1tk\u016f nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nebo jen form\u00e1ln\u00ed. Jalalian a\u00a0Mahboobi [13] uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy redakce \u010dasopisu autorovi zaslala p\u0159ipom\u00ednky recenzent\u016f k\u00a0textu a\u00a0dostala od n\u011bj roz\u010d\u00edlenou odpov\u011b\u010f, co si to dovoluje, v\u017edy\u0165 on je autor, kter\u00fd uve\u0159ejnil mno\u017estv\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f v\u00a0presti\u017en\u00edch \u201eamerick\u00fdch \u010dasopisech\u201c, a\u00a0nikdy po n\u011bm nikdo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u00fapravy necht\u011bl. Asi nebude p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed, \u017ee velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u201eamerick\u00fdch \u010dasopis\u016f\u201c je vyd\u00e1v\u00e1no v\u00a0Asii a\u00a0s\u00a0Amerikou m\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00e9 pouze to slovo v\u00a0n\u00e1zvu.<\/p>\n Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed sv\u011bt vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti, a\u00a0to nejen pro poctiv\u00e9 ob\u010dany, ale i\u00a0pro krimin\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eivly. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed publikov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0internet zp\u0159\u00edstupnily v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu \u0161irok\u00e9mu okruhu \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Model p\u0159\u00edstupu k\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016fm v\u00fdzkumu na b\u00e1zi p\u0159edplatn\u00e9ho nen\u00ed pro tyto krimin\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eivly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zaj\u00edmav\u00fd. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd trend zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f v\u00fdzkumu voln\u011b ka\u017ed\u00e9mu (open access) a\u00a0z\u00a0n\u011bho vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed model zalo\u017een\u00fd na platb\u011b p\u0159edem za vyd\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku (APC) p\u0159itahuj\u00ed pozornost krimin\u00e1ln\u00edch subjekt\u016f pro jednoduchost jeho zneu\u017eit\u00ed. P\u0159ipome\u0148me, \u017ee open access je reakc\u00ed na selh\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00edho zp\u016fsobu \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fdch informac\u00ed pomoc\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00edch vydavatel\u016f a\u00a0syst\u00e9mu p\u0159edplatn\u00e9ho [14], z\u00a0\u010deho\u017e v\u00a0posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch profitovala zejm\u00e9na velk\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 nakladatelstv\u00ed, ale pro akademickou sf\u00e9ru se informace o\u00a0v\u00fdsledc\u00edch v\u00fdzkumu za\u010daly st\u00e1vat nedostupn\u00fdmi [15].<\/p>\n Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje strojov\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1vat obsahy web\u016f, seznamy e-mailov\u00fdch adres, rozes\u00edlat hromadn\u00e9 e-maily i vytv\u00e1\u0159et \u201eprefabrikovan\u00e9\u201c webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky. Akademick\u00fdm pracovn\u00edk\u016fm pak nezb\u00fdv\u00e1 nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e p\u0159ed odesl\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku prov\u011b\u0159it, jestli vybran\u00fd \u010dasopis nen\u00ed pred\u00e1torsk\u00fd a zda se nejedn\u00e1 o fale\u0161n\u00fd web. V literatu\u0159e lze nal\u00e9zt \u0159adu doporu\u010den\u00ed, na co by si auto\u0159i m\u011bli d\u00e1t pozor a jak postupovat p\u0159i prov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed periodik [16\u201318]. Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed cestou je v\u0161ak spolupr\u00e1ce s odborn\u00fdmi pracovn\u00edky knihovny, kte\u0159\u00ed by v takov\u00e9m prov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bli b\u00fdt zb\u011bhl\u00ed a m\u011bli by pomoci autor\u016fm p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho \u010dasopisu pro publikaci v\u00fdsledk\u016f jejich v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Stejn\u011b jako mnoha jin\u00fdm publikuj\u00edc\u00edm autor\u016fm se i v m\u00e9 e-mailov\u00e9 schr\u00e1nce pravideln\u011b objevuje nab\u00eddka uve\u0159ejnit \u010dl\u00e1nek ve v\u0161ech mo\u017en\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u010dasopisech. V\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto zpr\u00e1v skon\u010d\u00ed ve spamu, ale i ten si pravideln\u011b kontroluji. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5679,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[2550,1944,2552],"coauthors":[399],"class_list":["post-30919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","tag-digital-world","tag-publications","tag-website"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30919","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30919"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30919\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30924,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30919\/revisions\/30924"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5679"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30919"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30919"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30919"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=30919"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}