{"id":30862,"date":"2021-08-09T12:06:35","date_gmt":"2021-08-09T11:06:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/2021\/08\/podpora-otevrenych-dat-sdileni-dat-a-datove-clanky\/"},"modified":"2024-07-22T11:30:26","modified_gmt":"2024-07-22T10:30:26","slug":"podpora-otevrenych-dat%e2%80%a8-sdileni-dat-a-datove-clanky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2021\/08\/podpora-otevrenych-dat%e2%80%a8-sdileni-dat-a-datove-clanky\/","title":{"rendered":"Support for open data, data sharing and data articles"},"content":{"rendered":"

This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd T. G. Masaryka jako\u017eto vydavatel \u010dasopisu Vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 technicko-ekonomick\u00e9 informace (VTEI) a z\u00e1rove\u0148 ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 organizace v rezortu Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b podporuje otev\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k dat\u016fm a sd\u00edlen\u00ed datov\u00fdch sad pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edmi u\u017eivateli. Ji\u017e od roku 2001 jsou na internetu dostupn\u00e9 datov\u00e9 sady vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed zahrnut\u00e9 do Hydro-ekologick\u00e9ho informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (HEIS), kter\u00fd V\u00daV vyv\u00edj\u00ed ji\u017e od 90. let [1]. Napl\u0148uje tak N\u00e1rodn\u00ed strategii otev\u0159en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu \u010cR k v\u011bdeck\u00fdm informac\u00edm na l\u00e9ta 2017\u20132020, kterou Vl\u00e1da \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky schv\u00e1lila 14. \u010dervna 2017 [2] a je\u017e navazuje na u\u017e d\u0159\u00edve deklarovan\u00e9 pot\u0159eby a v\u00fdhody sd\u00edlen\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fdch a odborn\u00fdch dat. Na \u00farovni EU byla p\u0159ijata Sm\u011brnice 2019\/1024 ze dne 20. \u010dervna 2019 o otev\u0159en\u00fdch datech a opakovan\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed informac\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho sektoru, kter\u00e1 nahradila star\u0161\u00ed Sm\u011brnici 2003\/98\/ES. Sm\u011brnice 2019\/1024 nov\u011b v \u010dl. 10 upravuje (mimo jin\u00e9) otev\u0159enost v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch dat pro opakovan\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edmi u\u017eivateli. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed my\u0161lenkou pro sd\u00edlen\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch dat je, \u017ee jejich zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bn\u00ed zvy\u0161uje v\u011brohodnost proveden\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu. Nav\u00edc v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 data mohou b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 nejen pro \u0159e\u0161itele, jen\u017e data z\u00edskal, ale t\u00e9\u017e pro dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bdce, co\u017e umo\u017en\u00ed opat\u0159it si v\u00fdsledky v jin\u00e9m kontextu a pohledem n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho. I proto byl v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice v r\u00e1mci hodnocen\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f v\u00fdzkumu zaveden v\u00fdsledek typu S \u2013 ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00e1 datov\u00e1 sada.<\/p>\n

Standardn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 publikace jsou zam\u011b\u0159eny prim\u00e1rn\u011b na anal\u00fdzu a\u00a0\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f v\u00fdzkumu. Na druhou stranu vytvo\u0159en\u00ed datov\u00e9 sady s\u00a0v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdmi daty spot\u0159ebuje \u010dasto zna\u010dn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed, materi\u00e1ln\u00ed i\u00a0person\u00e1ln\u00ed zdroje. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby auto\u0159i vznikl\u00fdch datov\u00fdch sad s\u00a0v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdmi daty z\u00edskali p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed za pr\u00e1ci vynalo\u017eenou na po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed datov\u00e9 sady [3]. Toho lze dos\u00e1hnout nap\u0159. citac\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku popisuj\u00edc\u00edho datovou sadu, co\u017e vedlo ke vzniku nov\u00e9ho typu \u010dl\u00e1nku \u201edata paper\u201c[4]. Tyto \u010dl\u00e1nky nejsou prim\u00e1rn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159eny na v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkum\u016f, ale na popis datov\u00fdch sad, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci v\u00fdzkumu vznikly. Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem t\u011bchto \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f je usnadnit reprodukci a\u00a0znovupou\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto datov\u00fdch sad, je\u017e jsou publikov\u00e1ny pod n\u011bkterou ze svobodn\u00fdch licenc\u00ed (nap\u0159. Creative Commons). A\u00a0o\u00a0tento typ odborn\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f se nyn\u00ed roz\u0161i\u0159uje i\u00a0\u010dasopis VTEI. T\u00edm se p\u0159ipojuje k\u00a0mnoha v\u011bdeck\u00fdm nakladatelstv\u00edm, kter\u00e1 publikuj\u00ed datov\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky, nebo dokonce vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed specializovan\u00e9 \u010dasopisy zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na tento typ \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f, jako nap\u0159. Scientific data (ISSN 2052-4463) vydavatelstv\u00ed Nature Publishing Group, NCHS data brief (ISSN 1941-4927), kter\u00fd vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 U. S. National Center for Health Statistics, Data in Brief (ISSN 2352-3409) vydavatelstv\u00ed Elsevier BV, Geoscience Data Journal (ISSN 2049-6060) vydavatelstv\u00ed John Wiley and Sons Inc., nebo Data (ISSN 2306-5729) vydavatelstv\u00ed MDPI AG. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejstar\u0161\u00edch \u010dasopis\u016f je Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data (ISSN 0021-9568) nakladatelstv\u00ed ACS Publications, vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ji\u017e od roku 1956.<\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i datov\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky musej\u00ed spl\u0148ovat ur\u010dit\u00e1 krit\u00e9ria, aby je bylo mo\u017eno pova\u017eovat za v\u00fdsledky v\u011bdeck\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, a napl\u0148ovat podm\u00ednky N\u00e1rodn\u00ed strategie otev\u0159en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu \u010cR k v\u011bdeck\u00fdm informac\u00edm. Jedn\u00edm ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed je spln\u011bn\u00ed podm\u00ednek pro FAIR data [5], tj. dostupnost, p\u0159\u00edstupnost, interoperabilitu a op\u011btovn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed dat. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b praxe jin\u00fdch \u010dasopis\u016f byly stanoveny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro datov\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky:<\/p>\n

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  1. \u010casopis VTEI nezaji\u0161\u0165uje ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed datov\u00fdch sad. Datov\u00e9 sady musej\u00ed b\u00fdt hostov\u00e1ny v\u00a0d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9m datov\u00e9m \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti a\u00a0mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zaji\u0161t\u011bn st\u00e1l\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0popisovan\u00e9 datov\u00e9 sad\u011b.
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  2. Datov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, ve kter\u00e9m jsou data ulo\u017eena, by m\u011blo nab\u00eddnout zaru\u010den\u00e9 uchov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0podle princip\u016f FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-usable) by m\u011blo zajistit dostupnost, p\u0159\u00edstupnost, interoperabilitu a\u00a0op\u011btovn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed dat (vhodn\u00fd repozit\u00e1\u0159 lze nal\u00e9zt v\u00a0Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm registru repozit\u00e1\u0159\u016f pro v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 data https:\/\/www.re3data.org nebo v\u00a0datab\u00e1zi Open access repozit\u00e1\u0159\u016f https:\/\/v2.sherpa.ac.uk\/opendoar\/; univerz\u00e1ln\u00edm repozit\u00e1\u0159em je nap\u0159. ZENODO\u00a0\u2013 https:\/\/www.zenodo.org).
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  3. Publikovan\u00e1 datov\u00e1 sada mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u016fvodn\u00ed sadou informac\u00ed, je\u017e jsou z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1ny v\u011bdeckou metodou a\u00a0maj\u00ed hodnotu pro v\u00fdzkumnou \u010di odbornou komunitu.
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  4. Datov\u00e1 sada mus\u00ed b\u00fdt d\u016fkladn\u011b pops\u00e1na a\u00a0tak\u00e9 b\u00fdt p\u0159esn\u00e1, opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e1, reprodukovateln\u00e1 a\u00a0replikovateln\u00e1.
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  5. Datov\u00e1 sada mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00e1 s\u00a0licenc\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed voln\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed.
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  6. Pokud existuj\u00ed nezpracovan\u00e1 data (ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako prim\u00e1rn\u00ed, zdrojov\u00e1 nebo nezpracovan\u00e1 data) vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k\u00a0jak\u00fdmkoli tabulk\u00e1m, graf\u016fm \u010di obr\u00e1zk\u016fm v\u00a0rukopisu, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt tato data ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00e1, a\u00a0to bu\u010f s\u00a0datov\u00fdm \u010dl\u00e1nkem (nap\u0159. jako dopl\u0148kov\u00fd soubor), nebo hostovan\u00e1 na d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9m \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti dat (preferov\u00e1no).
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  7. V\u0161echny protokoly nebo metody pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 k\u00a0z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f musej\u00ed b\u00fdt pops\u00e1ny v\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku a\u00a0podl\u00e9haj\u00ed recenzn\u00edmu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Tyto protokoly a\u00a0metody musej\u00ed spl\u0148ovat etick\u00e9 principy.
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  8. U\u00a0\u00fadaj\u016f, je\u017e z\u00a0etick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f vy\u017eaduj\u00ed kontrolu p\u0159\u00edstupu, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt poskytnut mechanismus, aby redakto\u0159i a\u00a0recenzenti mohli p\u0159istupovat k\u00a0t\u011bmto \u00fadaj\u016fm bez odhalen\u00ed jejich toto\u017enosti autor\u016fm.
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    \n<\/li>\n
  9. Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed data jsou v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b povolena, pokud jsou upravena pomoc\u00ed postup\u016f, d\u00edky nim\u017e je datov\u00e1 sada jedine\u010dn\u00e1, auto\u0159i poskytuj\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd protokol pro sb\u011br\/vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed dat, sb\u011br sekund\u00e1rn\u00edch dat nebo anal\u00fdza p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u011bmto dat\u016fm v\u00fdznamnou hodnotu. Jsou-li popisov\u00e1na sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed data, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt poskytnut seznam pou\u017eit\u00fdch prim\u00e1rn\u00edch zdroj\u016f dat a\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u011b zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bna cel\u00e1 sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed datov\u00e1 sada, a\u00a0to bu\u010f s\u00a0datov\u00fdm \u010dl\u00e1nkem (nap\u0159. jako dopl\u0148kov\u00fd soubor), nebo hostovan\u00e1 v\u00a0d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9m datov\u00e9m \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u010cl\u00e1nky o\u00a0recenzi nebo dopl\u0148kov\u00e9 soubory z\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku o\u00a0recenzi se nepova\u017euj\u00ed za p\u016fvodn\u00ed data a\u00a0obvykle nejsou pro zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed vhodn\u00e9. Ve snaze usnadnit autor\u016fm tvorbu datov\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f byla p\u0159ipravena jeho \u0161ablona, kter\u00e1 je k\u00a0dispozici v\u00a0sekci Pokyn autor\u016fm coby soubor VTEI Data Article Template 1.2.docx.<\/p>\n

    Jednou z\u00a0diskutovan\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek ohledn\u011b datov\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f je, zda a\u00a0jak tyto \u010dl\u00e1nky recenzovat. Recenze (Peer review) m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it d\u016fv\u011bru ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9 \u00fadaje i\u00a0v\u00fdsledky a\u00a0umo\u017enit hodnocen\u00ed a\u00a0certifikaci datov\u00fdch soubor\u016f z\u00a0hlediska kvality [6]. Proto i\u00a0datov\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky publikovan\u00e9 ve VTEI proch\u00e1zej\u00ed recenzn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm stejn\u011b jako odborn\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky.<\/p>\n

    V\u00a0tomto \u010d\u00edsle VTEI na str. 38 vych\u00e1z\u00ed prvn\u00ed z\u00a0datov\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f. V\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee datov\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky budou motivuj\u00edc\u00ed pro tv\u016frce dat, aby auto\u0159i d\u016fkladn\u011b ov\u011b\u0159ovali, dokumentovali, kontrolovali a\u00a0\u0161\u00ed\u0159ili svou pr\u00e1ci v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0principy FAIR.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd T. G. Masaryka jako\u017eto vydavatel \u010dasopisu Vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 technicko-ekonomick\u00e9 informace (VTEI) a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 organizace v\u00a0rezortu Ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b podporuje otev\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0dat\u016fm a\u00a0sd\u00edlen\u00ed datov\u00fdch sad pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edmi u\u017eivateli. Ji\u017e od roku 2001 jsou na internetu dostupn\u00e9 datov\u00e9 sady vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed zahrnut\u00e9 do Hydro-ekologick\u00e9ho informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (HEIS), kter\u00fd V\u00daV vyv\u00edj\u00ed ji\u017e od 90. let [1]. Napl\u0148uje tak N\u00e1rodn\u00ed strategii otev\u0159en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu \u010cR k\u00a0v\u011bdeck\u00fdm informac\u00edm na l\u00e9ta 2017\u20132020, kterou Vl\u00e1da \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky schv\u00e1lila 14. \u010dervna 2017 [2] a\u00a0je\u017e navazuje na u\u017e d\u0159\u00edve deklarovan\u00e9 pot\u0159eby a\u00a0v\u00fdhody sd\u00edlen\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fdch a\u00a0odborn\u00fdch dat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5679,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[3550,3551,3548,2549,2678,3549,1484],"coauthors":[399],"class_list":["post-30862","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","tag-data-articles","tag-data-sharing","tag-datasets","tag-digital-data","tag-geoinformatics","tag-open-data-support","tag-tgm-wri"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30862","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30862"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30862\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30929,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30862\/revisions\/30929"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5679"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30862"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30862"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30862"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=30862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}