{"id":30838,"date":"2021-04-19T08:15:32","date_gmt":"2021-04-19T07:15:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/2021\/04\/projekt-cz-07-1-02-0-0-0-0-16_040-0000380-analyza-adaptacnich-opatreni-ke-zmirneni-dopadu-zmeny-klimatu-a-urbanizace-na-vodni-rezim-v-oblasti-vnejsi-prahy\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:40:50","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T13:40:50","slug":"projekt-cz-07-1-02-0-0-0-0-16_040-0000380-analyza-adaptacnich-opatreni-ke-zmirneni-dopadu-zmeny-klimatu-a-urbanizace-na-vodni-rezim-v-oblasti-vnejsi-prahy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2021\/04\/projekt-cz-07-1-02-0-0-0-0-16_040-0000380-analyza-adaptacnich-opatreni-ke-zmirneni-dopadu-zmeny-klimatu-a-urbanizace-na-vodni-rezim-v-oblasti-vnejsi-prahy\/","title":{"rendered":"Project CZ.07.1.02\/0.0\/0.0\/16_040\/0000380 \u201cAnalysis of adaptation measures to mitigate impacts of climate change and urbanization on the water regime in the area of external Prague\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>\u00a0This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n<p>R\u00e1di bychom v\u00e1s sezn\u00e1mili se z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi \u00fadaji o projektu, kter\u00fd byl \u0159e\u0161en v obdob\u00ed 2018\u20132020 v r\u00e1mci opera\u010dn\u00edho programu Praha \u2013 p\u00f3l r\u016fstu. Za t\u00edmto textem jsou pak uvedeny \u010dl\u00e1nky zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se ji\u017e specifick\u00fdmi t\u00e9maty, je\u017e byla v r\u00e1mci projektu \u0159e\u0161ena.<\/p>\n<p>S \u00fazemn\u00edm rozvojem hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Prahy doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zm\u011bn\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch podm\u00ednek na jej\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed. S t\u00edm, jak jsou postupn\u011b zastavov\u00e1ny dosud voln\u00e9 plochy \u010di zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 p\u016fda, nast\u00e1vaj\u00ed zm\u011bny v hydrologick\u00fdch pom\u011brech jednotliv\u00fdch tok\u016f i podzemn\u00edch vod. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zmen\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00fdch infil\u2028tra\u010dn\u00edch ploch, k jin\u00e9mu re\u017eimu zasakov\u00e1n\u00ed vlivem um\u011bl\u00fdch zasakovac\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed a k \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdm i ne\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m odtokov\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f. Lze rozli\u0161it dv\u011b situace, kter\u00e9 mohou nastat. V p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b zastav\u011bn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta jsou hydrogeologick\u00e9 pom\u011bry podzemn\u00edch vod v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovlivn\u011bny odkanalizov\u00e1n\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed, a proto zde v\u00fdznamnou roli hraje odtok povrchov\u00fdch vod. V m\u00e9n\u011b zastav\u011bn\u00fdch oblastech p\u0159i vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch okraj\u00edch hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta jsou v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b zachov\u00e1ny p\u016fvodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed odtokov\u00e9 pom\u011bry a v\u00fdznamnou roli tu hraje nejen povrchov\u00fd odtok, ale i infiltrace do podzemn\u00edch vod a podzemn\u00ed odtok.<\/p>\n<p>Projekt si kladl za c\u00edl posoudit dlouhodob\u00fd vliv postupuj\u00edc\u00ed urbanizace na vodn\u00ed re\u017eim v okrajov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech Prahy, a to v \u00fazk\u00e9 vazb\u011b na prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a jejich o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 dopady v budoucnu. C\u00edlem projektu bylo posoudit \u00fa\u010dinnost st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch navr\u017een\u00fdch a ji\u017e realizovan\u00fdch adapta\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b navr\u017een\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, zav\u00e9st poloprovoz syst\u00e9mu umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed okam\u017eit\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017ekoodtokov\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f na mal\u00fdch toc\u00edch a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed u\u017eitn\u00e9ho vzoru \u2013 typov\u00e9ho projektu takov\u00e9ho opat\u0159en\u00ed. T\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011b prac\u00ed bylo sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1no na \u00fazem\u00ed povod\u00ed horn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch mal\u00fdch tok\u016f p\u0159it\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00edch z \u00fazem\u00ed St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9ho kraje nebo pramen\u00edc\u00edch v okrajov\u00fdch, m\u00e1lo urbanizovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech \u00fazem\u00ed Prahy, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto nebyly v centru pozornosti doposud proveden\u00fdch prac\u00ed, pr\u016fzkum\u016f a studi\u00ed vodn\u00edch pom\u011br\u016f. Projekt zahrnoval tak\u00e9 stanoven\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9ho \u010dasov\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje a trend\u016f ve zm\u011bn\u00e1ch hydrologick\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f (ve form\u011b aplikace hydrologick\u00e9ho bilan\u010dn\u00edho modelu a podrobn\u00fdch anal\u00fdz \u010dasov\u00fdch \u0159ad hydrologicko-klimatologick\u00fdch parametr\u016f \u2013 sr\u00e1\u017eky, teploty, v\u00fdpar, infiltrace, povrchov\u00fd a podzemn\u00ed odtok) a d\u00e1le i anal\u00fdzu charakteru a v\u00fdskytu specifick\u00fdch hydrologick\u00fdch extr\u00e9m\u016f (sucho, bleskov\u00e9 povodn\u011b), kter\u00e1 dopl\u0148uje a kompletuje informace, je\u017e jsou dostupn\u00e9 ve Studii odtokov\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f (mapy rozlivu \u2013 z\u00e1plavov\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed). Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 zm\u011bny, trendy a \u010dasov\u00fd v\u00fdvoj hydrologick\u00fdch charakteristik byly vyhodnoceny jednak z pohledu dopad\u016f zm\u011bn klimatu, jednak z pohledu zm\u011bn v charakteru a m\u00ed\u0159e z\u00e1stavby perifern\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Prahy. Problematika byla \u0159e\u0161ena komplexn\u011b, jak z hlediska mno\u017estv\u00ed vod, tak i jejich kvality.<\/p>\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b hlavn\u00edho c\u00edle projektu byl jako z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed vymezen prstenec zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed okrajov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Prahy pod\u00e9l hranic Prahy se St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00fdm krajem. Prstenec (obr. 1) byl vytvo\u0159en s vyu\u017eit\u00edm hranic hydrologick\u00fdch povod\u00ed 4. \u0159\u00e1du (p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b jejich \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed), je tedy dob\u0159e definov\u00e1n z hlediska odtokov\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f. Hranice z\u00e1jmov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed jsou stanoveny tak, aby neobsahovaly historick\u00e1 zastav\u011bn\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed Prahy a naopak zahrnovaly \u00fazem\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Prahy, kde v posledn\u00edch des\u00edtk\u00e1ch let doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m ve vyu\u017eit\u00ed krajiny, a s t\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m odtokov\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f. Z hlediska sm\u011br\u016f odtoku p\u0159eva\u017euje na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b z\u00e1jmov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtok do Prahy ze St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9ho kraje. Na severov\u00fdchod\u011b je ale situace opa\u010dn\u00e1, m\u00edstn\u00ed toky odt\u00e9kaj\u00ed z Prahy do St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9ho kraje (nap\u0159. Vino\u0159sk\u00fd potok, Mrat\u00ednsk\u00fd potok), podobn\u011b i Kopaninsk\u00fd potok na severoz\u00e1pad\u011b.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Hrabankova-1.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-30838];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"555\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11540 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Hrabankova-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/555;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 1. Vymezen\u00ed z\u00e1jmov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed projektu, tzv. prstenec vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Prahy (\u017elut\u011b). Oran\u017eov\u011b jsou zv\u00fdrazn\u011bna vybran\u00e1 pilotn\u00ed povod\u00ed.<\/h6>\n<p>Proto\u017ee jedn\u00edm z c\u00edl\u016f projektu bylo definov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edch vliv\u016f na vodn\u00ed pom\u011bry (hranice Praha \u2013 St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00fd kraj), je plocha tzv. prstence vymezena i na relevantn\u00ed plochy St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9ho kraje. P\u016fvodn\u00ed p\u0159edstava byla, \u017ee odborn\u00e9 a mapov\u00e9 podklady, kter\u00e9 jsou k dispozici pro \u00fazem\u00ed Prahy, budou v obdobn\u00e9 form\u011b k dispozici i z \u00fazem\u00ed St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9ho kraje. Bohu\u017eel se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee dostupnost r\u016fzn\u00fdch podklad\u016f z mimopra\u017esk\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed je mnohem hor\u0161\u00ed, \u0159ada informac\u00ed v\u016fbec neexistuje (nap\u0159. podobn\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdrskogeologick\u00e9 mapy, krajsk\u00fd \u00fazemn\u00ed pl\u00e1n, mapy zastav\u011bnosti \u00fazem\u00ed apod.). Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed se to net\u00fdkalo v\u0161ech podklad\u016f, nap\u0159. topografick\u00e9 mapy z r\u016fzn\u00fdch dob, mapy vyu\u017eit\u00ed krajiny CORINE, mapy hydroklimatick\u00fdch dat, vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 mapy aj. byly dostupn\u00e9 pro cel\u00e9 vymezen\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed. P\u0159esto v\u0161ak byla hlavn\u00ed pozornost v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu \u2013 v souladu se zad\u00e1n\u00edm \u2013 soust\u0159ed\u011bna na \u00fazem\u00ed uvnit\u0159 hranic hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Prahy.<\/p>\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdzy p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch pom\u011br\u016f, z\u00e1stavby a charakteru \u00fazem\u00ed bylo vybr\u00e1no celkem \u0161est pilotn\u00edch povod\u00ed, jejich\u017e \u00fazem\u00ed bylo zpracov\u00e1no v detailn\u00edm pohledu tak, aby v\u00fdsledky zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch zm\u011bn odtokov\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f vlivem zm\u011bn vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed (a tak\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch dopad\u016f klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn) dob\u0159e odr\u00e1\u017eely r\u016fzn\u00fd charakter jednotliv\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed cel\u00e9ho prstence. Pro zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed postupu z\u00e1stavby a zm\u011bny vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed byly analyzov\u00e1ny a vz\u00e1jemn\u011b porovn\u00e1ny mapy z let 1860, 1927, 1953, 2003 a 2015. N\u00ed\u017ee uv\u00e1d\u00edme stru\u010dnou charakteristiku pilotn\u00edch \u00fazem\u00ed s uk\u00e1zkou n\u011bkter\u00fdch map.<\/p>\n<h2>Kopaninsk\u00fd potok<\/h2>\n<p>Povod\u00ed Kopaninsk\u00e9ho potoka reprezentuje vodn\u00ed pom\u011bry na severoz\u00e1pad\u011b Prahy ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 denuda\u010dn\u00edmi zbytky k\u0159\u00eddov\u00fdch sediment\u016f (relativn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed odtok); povod\u00ed je siln\u011b poznamen\u00e1no existenc\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b. Kopaninsk\u00fd potok pramen\u00ed v dne\u0161n\u00ed plo\u0161e leti\u0161t\u011b u ulice K leti\u0161ti, te\u010de genereln\u011b na severov\u00fdchod p\u0159es obec P\u0159edn\u00ed Kopanina a vl\u00e9v\u00e1 se ji\u017e mimo hranice HMP do \u00dan\u011btick\u00e9ho potoka u Kopansk\u00e9ho ml\u00fdna. Pr\u016ftok je ovlivn\u011bn antropogenn\u00edmi z\u00e1sahy do odtokov\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f v oblasti leti\u0161t\u011b, do potoka jsou svedeny splachov\u00e9 vody z v\u00fdpadov\u00e9 komunikace Lipsk\u00e1 (extr\u00e9mn\u00ed pr\u016ftoky v dob\u011b p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek), pod obc\u00ed P\u0159edn\u00ed Kopanina jsou do potoka za\u00fast\u011bny p\u0159ed\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody v m\u00edstn\u00ed \u010cOV, d\u00e1le po proudu je chatov\u00e1 oblast, kde lze d\u016fvodn\u011b p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat za\u00fast\u011bn\u00ed r\u016fzn\u011b vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod do toku, stejn\u011b jako nepodchycen\u00e9 divok\u00e9 odb\u011bry vody pro \u00fa\u010dely z\u00e1livky zahr\u00e1dek. Na Kopaninsk\u00e9m potoce byly instalov\u00e1ny dva vodom\u011brn\u00e9 profily, jeden monitoruj\u00edc\u00ed horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st povod\u00ed s prim\u00e1rn\u00edm vlivem leti\u0161t\u011b a v\u00fdpadov\u00e9 komunikace, druh\u00fd profil byl pak situov\u00e1n pod obc\u00ed P\u0159edn\u00ed Kopanina a jeho \u00fakolem bylo sledovat zm\u011bny vlivem z\u00e1stavby t\u00e9to obce. Na obou profilech byly sledov\u00e1ny ve stanoven\u00fdch intervalech pr\u016ftoky a kvalita vody.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/hrabankova-2_3-e1618221866991.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-30838];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"346\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11570 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/hrabankova-2_3-e1618221866991.jpg\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/346;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 2, 3. Kopaninsk\u00fd potok 1860 (vlevo). Kopaninsk\u00fd potok 2003 (vpravo)<\/h6>\n<p>Podstatn\u00e1 zm\u011bna z\u00e1stavby v tomto \u00fazem\u00ed nastala zhruba v 30. a 40. letech 20. stolet\u00ed v souvislosti s v\u00fdstavbou leti\u0161t\u011b a ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed zastav\u011bnost kontinu\u00e1ln\u011b postupn\u011b rostla (rozvoj leti\u0161t\u011b, komunikac\u00ed, obecn\u00ed z\u00e1stavba). V posledn\u00edch 15 letech je situace v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b ust\u00e1len\u00e1, bez v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch zm\u011bn.<\/p>\n<h2>Motolsk\u00fd potok<\/h2>\n<p>Povod\u00ed Motolsk\u00e9ho potoka reprezentuje pom\u011bry z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Prahy ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 denuda\u010dn\u00edmi zbytky k\u0159\u00eddov\u00fdch sediment\u016f (relativn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed odtok), povod\u00ed je velmi siln\u011b antropogenn\u011b pozm\u011bn\u011bno v uplynul\u00fdch 100 letech mohutnou v\u00fdstavbou, v\u010detn\u011b posledn\u00edch let (bytov\u00e1 z\u00e1stavba, rozvoj slu\u017eeb, obchodn\u00ed a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 centra apod.).<\/p>\n<p>Potok pramen\u00ed na \u00fapat\u00ed velmi dob\u0159e propustn\u00fdch cenomansk\u00fdch p\u00edskovc\u016f, ve kter\u00fdch se dob\u0159e akumuluj\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e9 vody, nedaleko stanice metra Zli\u010d\u00edn. \u00dadol\u00ed pramenn\u00e9 oblasti Motolsk\u00e9ho potoka doznalo v posledn\u00edch letech mnoha \u00faprav. Nad severn\u00edm svahem \u00fadol\u00ed, kde byly postaveny objekty Tatry Zli\u010d\u00edn, byly zm\u011bn\u011bny odtokov\u00e9 pom\u011bry povrchov\u00fdch vod. Severn\u00ed svah \u00fadol\u00ed byl upraven p\u0159\u00edsypem zeminy. Ji\u017en\u00ed svah \u00fadol\u00ed pramenn\u00e9 oblasti Motolsk\u00e9ho potoka je vymezen skaln\u00edm \u00fatvarem v\u00fdchoz\u016f k\u0159\u00eddov\u00fdch hornin. \u00dazem\u00ed je zarostl\u00e9 h\u00e1jem um\u011ble vys\u00e1zen\u00fdch topol\u016f, je\u017e maj\u00ed v sou\u010dasnosti charakter lu\u017en\u00edho lesa. Pod\u00e9l skaln\u00ed st\u011bny jsou jez\u00edrka s mok\u0159adn\u00ed vegetac\u00ed, dotovan\u00e9 prameny na rozhran\u00ed perucko-rokycansk\u00fdch a b\u011blohorsk\u00fdch vrstev.<\/p>\n<p>Motolsk\u00fd potok se vl\u00e9v\u00e1 do Vltavy u Palack\u00e9ho mostu v \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm km 54,42. Z celkov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky 9 939 m p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na doln\u00ed, celistv\u011b zakryt\u00fd \u00fasek 4 251 m a horn\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zakryt\u00fd \u00fasek 5 688 m.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/hrabankova-10_11-e1618230971188.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-30838];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"346\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11585 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/hrabankova-10_11-e1618230971188.jpg\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/346;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 4, 5. Motolsk\u00fd potok 1860 (vlevo). Motolsk\u00fd potok 2015 (vpravo)<\/h6>\n<p>Jako pilotn\u00ed povod\u00ed byla zvolena horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st povod\u00ed Motolsk\u00e9ho potoka, kterou je mo\u017en\u00e9 charakterizovat v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch. Jde o \u010d\u00e1st povod\u00ed s uz\u00e1v\u011brov\u00fdm profilem v Zahradn\u00ed\u010dkov\u011b ulici pod t\u0159emi motolsk\u00fdmi rybn\u00edky. Dal\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1dr\u017eemi na toku jsou Pivovarsk\u00fd a Ml\u00fdnsk\u00fd rybn\u00edk, such\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e Tatra Zli\u010d\u00edn a n\u011bkolik drobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch akumulac\u00ed. Na toku byly zvoleny a zkonstruov\u00e1ny dva vodom\u011brn\u00e9 profily: jeden na horn\u00edm toku v pramenn\u00ed oblasti nad suchou n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed Tatra Zli\u010d\u00edn (za \u00fa\u010delem monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed pramenn\u00ed oblasti siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00fdstavbou velkoplo\u0161n\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch, skladov\u00fdch a obchodn\u00edch objekt\u016f) a druh\u00fd v m\u00edst\u011b uz\u00e1v\u011brov\u00e9ho profilu pod motolsk\u00fdmi rybn\u00edky (ovlivn\u011bn\u00fd m\u011bstskou z\u00e1stavbou klasi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edho charakteru v oblasti \u0158ep a Motola). Na obou profilech se sledovaly ve stanoven\u00fdch intervalech pr\u016ftoky a kvalita vody.<\/p>\n<p>Sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav z\u00e1stavby nejl\u00e9pe odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ortofotomapa z roku 2015, viz obr. 5. Je z n\u00ed patrn\u00e1 masivn\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 v\u00fdstavba v horn\u00ed a ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed z posledn\u00edch 30 let, s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00ed z\u00e1stavba ze 70. let v severn\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti (s\u00eddli\u0161t\u011b \u0158epy) a ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti (are\u00e1l nemocnice Motol) a doposud p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed voln\u00e9 plochy v doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti pilotn\u00edho povod\u00ed. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed dostupn\u00e1 mapa z roku 1860 dokumentuje, \u017ee tehdy existovala pouze osada Motol a n\u011bkolik jednotliv\u00fdch staven\u00ed. V 19. stolet\u00ed tak m\u011blo \u00fazem\u00ed povod\u00ed Motolsk\u00e9ho potoka jednozna\u010dn\u011b p\u0159\u00edrodn\u011b-zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd charakter se zanedbateln\u00fdm antropogenn\u00edm ovlivn\u011bn\u00edm.<\/p>\n<h2>Dalejsk\u00fd potok<\/h2>\n<p>Povod\u00ed Dalejsk\u00e9ho potoka je charakterizov\u00e1no v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi z\u00e1jmy ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody (Prokopsk\u00e9 \u00fadol\u00ed, geologick\u00fd charakter utv\u00e1\u0159en svrchnopaleozoick\u00fdmi v\u00e1penci), v horn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech povod\u00ed v\u0161ak od 60. let prob\u00edhala masivn\u00ed v\u00fdstavba (velk\u00e1 s\u00eddli\u0161t\u011b Jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edho M\u011bsta), kter\u00e1 pokra\u010duje a\u017e dodnes. Nav\u00edc v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st horn\u00edho povod\u00ed se nach\u00e1z\u00ed mimo hranice Prahy, je zde tedy mo\u017en\u00e9 dob\u0159e zkoumat p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed vlivy na \u00fazem\u00ed metropole. Dalejsk\u00fd potok pramen\u00ed v ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti obce Chr\u00e1\u0161\u0165any, za hranicemi HMP. Na \u00fazem\u00ed HMP vt\u00e9k\u00e1 za reten\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed T\u0159ebonice. Potok te\u010de genereln\u011b v\u00fdchodn\u00edm sm\u011brem do Prokopsk\u00e9ho \u00fadol\u00ed (chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrody). Do Vltavy se potok vl\u00e9v\u00e1 u Zl\u00edchova pod Barrandovsk\u00fdm mostem. Mimo hranice Prahy spadaj\u00ed do povod\u00ed obce O\u0159ech, Zbuzany a Jino\u010dany. Z m\u011bstsk\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed povod\u00ed Holyn\u011b, Jinonice, Stod\u016flky, hranice povod\u00ed se dot\u00fdkaj\u00ed Slivence a Barrandova.<\/p>\n<p>V povod\u00ed je vybudov\u00e1no n\u011bkolik reten\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, je\u017e slou\u017e\u00ed k zachycen\u00ed velk\u00fdch vod a k transformaci a zplo\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed povod\u0148ov\u00fdch pr\u016ftok\u016f (N1 Stod\u016flky, n\u00e1dr\u017e Nepomuck\u00fd a n\u00e1dr\u017e Asu\u00e1n na Prokopsk\u00e9m potoce, n\u00e1dr\u017e T\u0159ebonice na Dalejsk\u00e9m potoce k zachycen\u00ed vod z d\u00e1lnice, n\u00e1dr\u017e O\u0159ech na O\u0159e\u0161sk\u00e9m potoce).<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/hrabankova-6_7-e1618231385222.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-30838];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"346\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11579 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/hrabankova-6_7-e1618231385222.jpg\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/346;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 6, 7. Dalejsk\u00fd potok 1860 (vlevo). Dalejsk\u00fd potok 2015 (vpravo)<\/h6>\n<p>Jako pilotn\u00ed povod\u00ed byla zvolena horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st povod\u00ed Dalejsk\u00e9ho potoka do soutoku s Jino\u010dansk\u00fdm potokem v \u0158eporyj\u00edch. Tato \u010d\u00e1st povod\u00ed byla vyhodnocena jako \u00fazem\u00ed s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi zm\u011bnami vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed v posledn\u00edch des\u00edtk\u00e1ch let. Na Dalejsk\u00e9m potoce byly situov\u00e1ny dva vodom\u011brn\u00e9 profily pro dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed hydrometrick\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a vzorkov\u00e1n\u00ed vod \u2013 jeden nad obc\u00ed T\u0159ebonice v m\u00edst\u011b vtoku vod na \u00fazem\u00ed HMP a jeden na okraji obce \u0158eporyje, kter\u00fd m\u011bl za \u00fakol monitorovat vliv \u00fazem\u00ed s pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed masivn\u00ed z\u00e1stavbou (Zli\u010d\u00edn a Stod\u016flky). Na obou profilech se sledovaly ve stanoven\u00fdch intervalech pr\u016ftoky a kvalita vody.<\/p>\n<p>Pilotn\u00ed povod\u00ed Dalejsk\u00e9ho potoka se velmi pomalu a postupn\u011b vyv\u00edjelo a\u017e do druh\u00e9 poloviny 20. stolet\u00ed a z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bny nastaly a\u017e v posledn\u00ed \u010dtvrtin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed (stavba s\u00eddli\u0161\u0165, v\u00fdstavba v\u00fdpadov\u00fdch komunikac\u00ed, pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 a obchodn\u00ed z\u00e1stavba na p\u0159elomu stolet\u00ed). A nem\u00e9n\u011b intenzivn\u00ed v\u00fdstavbu lze zde o\u010dek\u00e1vat i do bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti. Sou\u010dasnou situaci zobrazuje ortofoto mapa z roku 2015 na obr. 7. Ta n\u00e1m ukazuje, \u017ee vymezen\u00e1 horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st povod\u00ed Dalejsk\u00e9ho potoka zahrnuje mimo Prahu obec Chr\u00e1\u0161\u0165any, v r\u00e1mci Prahy \u010d\u00e1st \u0158eporyj\u00ed a okrajov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti s\u00eddli\u0161t\u011b Stod\u016flky. Do \u00fazem\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zasahuje pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 a obchodn\u00ed z\u00f3na na Zli\u010d\u00edn\u011b na severu \u00fazem\u00ed. V\u00fdchodn\u00ed a severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u00fazem\u00ed obsahuje velk\u00e9 rozvojov\u00e9 plochy ur\u010den\u00e9 pro dal\u0161\u00ed bytovou a jinou v\u00fdstavbu, \u0161lo tedy o povod\u00ed, je\u017e bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt pro simulaci o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch zm\u011bn odtokov\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f v d\u016fsledku pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed masivn\u00ed z\u00e1stavby. Na obr. 6 je zobrazena situace \u00fazem\u00ed z roku 1860, z mapy jsou vid\u011bt jen historick\u00e1 centra osad Chr\u00e1\u0161\u0165any, T\u0159ebonice, Chabry a \u0158eporyje, cel\u00e9 povod\u00ed m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u011b-zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd charakter.<\/p>\n<h2>Lipansk\u00fd potok<\/h2>\n<p>Reprezentuje odtokov\u00e9 pom\u011bry soutokov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed Vltavy a Berounky v ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Prahy. Geologicky jde o prost\u0159ed\u00ed kvart\u00e9rn\u00edch fluvi\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161t\u011brkop\u00edskov\u00fdch n\u00e1plav\u016f. Jde o \u00fazem\u00ed s relativn\u011b mal\u00fdmi dopady z\u00e1stavby na vyu\u017eit\u00ed krajiny, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 zm\u011bny odtokov\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f (po eliminaci vliv\u016f velk\u00fdch tok\u016f) tak bude mo\u017en\u00e9 interpretovat jako dopady klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn. V\u00fdznamnou aktivitou v posledn\u00edch letech je velk\u00e9 golfov\u00e9 h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b, co\u017e se m\u016f\u017ee projevit na kvalit\u011b vody. Lipansk\u00fd potok pramen\u00ed u ulice Za Hr\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u011b od Lipenc\u016f a prot\u00e9k\u00e1 sm\u011brem na severov\u00fdchod pod\u00e9l obce Lipence, skrze velk\u00e9 golfov\u00e9 h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b a pod\u00e9l Zbraslavi, kde se vl\u00e9v\u00e1 do mrtv\u00e9ho ramene Berounky Kr\u0148ov.<\/p>\n<p>Potok prot\u00e9k\u00e1 mok\u0159inat\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm s vysokou hladinou podzemn\u00ed vody charakteru lu\u017en\u00edch les\u016f, v \u00faseku golfov\u00e9ho h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b je ter\u00e9n upraven. Na toku je n\u011bkolik drobn\u00fdch bezejmenn\u00fdch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. Tok je bez velk\u00e9ho sp\u00e1du, meandruj\u00edc\u00ed, odvod\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed rovinat\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed soutokov\u00e9 oblasti Vltavy a Berounky. Pilotn\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed bylo zvoleno z d\u016fvodu specifick\u00fdch geologick\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f odli\u0161n\u00fdch od ostatn\u00edch pilotn\u00edch povod\u00ed (fluvi\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161t\u011brkop\u00edskov\u00e9 n\u00e1plavy), dal\u0161\u00edm specifikem je vliv golfov\u00e9ho h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b na odtokov\u00e9 pom\u011bry. Na Lipansk\u00e9m potoce byl instalov\u00e1n jeden vodom\u011brn\u00fd profil p\u0159i ulici K Radot\u00ednu, na v\u00fdtoku potoka z golfov\u00e9ho h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo sledovat mo\u017en\u00fd vliv t\u00e9to aktivity na odtokov\u00e9 pom\u011bry a kvalitu vody. Na profilu se sledovaly ve stanoven\u00fdch intervalech pr\u016ftoky a kvalita vody.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/hrabankova-8_9-e1618231577855.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-30838];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"346\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11581 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/hrabankova-8_9-e1618231577855.jpg\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/346;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 8, 9. Lipansk\u00fd potok 1860 (vlevo). Lipansk\u00fd potok 2015 (vpravo)<\/h6>\n<p>Zm\u011bny z\u00e1stavby v dan\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed nejsou v\u00fdznamn\u00e9. Celkov\u011b lze tedy uzav\u0159\u00edt, \u017ee pilotn\u00ed povod\u00ed Lipansk\u00e9ho potoka se velmi pomalu a postupn\u011b vyv\u00edjelo a\u017e do druh\u00e9 poloviny 20. stolet\u00ed a ur\u010dit\u00e9 zm\u011bny nastaly a\u017e v posledn\u00ed \u010dtvrtin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed. Rozvoj v\u00fdstavby lze zde o\u010dek\u00e1vat do bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti.<\/p>\n<h2>Drahansk\u00fd potok<\/h2>\n<p>Povod\u00ed Drahansk\u00e9ho potoka na severu Prahy bylo vybr\u00e1no s ohledem na doposud zachovan\u00fd p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed voln\u00fd a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed charakter \u00fazem\u00ed (pole, lesy, louky) a relativn\u011b malou zastav\u011bnost, v n\u00ed\u017e p\u0159eva\u017euje rozvoln\u011bn\u00e1 z\u00e1stavba, hlavn\u011b rekrea\u010dn\u00ed objekty. Geologicky je \u00fazem\u00ed tvo\u0159eno b\u0159idlicemi, prachovci, k\u0159emenci a drobami paleozoick\u00e9ho st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, s denuda\u010dn\u00edmi zbytky k\u0159\u00eddov\u00fdch p\u00edskovc\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Drahansk\u00fd potok pramen\u00ed v obci Doln\u00ed Chabry (cca 305 m n. m.), v po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ei v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti obce, odkud te\u010de genereln\u011b k z\u00e1padu a rychle kles\u00e1 do \u00fadol\u00ed Vltavy. Potok je pravostrann\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edtokem Vltavy. Pod\u00e9ln\u00fd profil toku je pom\u011brn\u011b strm\u00fd, sklon je 3,3 %. M\u011blk\u00e9 \u00fadol\u00ed toku na horn\u00edm toku v obci Doln\u00ed Chabry navazuje v z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti na \u00fazkou a strmou Drahanskou rokli. Ta kon\u010d\u00ed po 1,5 km za\u00fast\u011bn\u00edm do Vltavy ve 170 m n. m. Na horn\u00edm toku je n\u011bkolik men\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b reten\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee a v\u00fdpusti p\u0159ed\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody z m\u00edstn\u00ed \u010cOV. Na Drahansk\u00e9m potoce byl instalov\u00e1n jeden vodom\u011brn\u00fd profil, bl\u00edzko \u00fast\u00ed potoka do Vltavy. Na profilu se sleduj\u00ed ve stanoven\u00fdch intervalech pr\u016ftoky a kvalita vody.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/hrabankova-10_11-e1618230971188.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-30838];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"346\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11585 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/hrabankova-10_11-e1618230971188.jpg\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/346;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 10, 11. Drahansk\u00fd potok 1860 (vlevo). Drahansk\u00fd potok 2015 (vpravo)<\/h6>\n<p>Povod\u00ed Drahansk\u00e9ho potoka m\u016f\u017eeme charakterizovat jako \u00fazem\u00ed s nejmen\u0161\u00edmi zm\u011bnami z\u00e1stavby za hodnocen\u00e9 obdob\u00ed 1860\u20132015. Pova\u017eujeme ho tedy za referen\u010dn\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed pro hodnocen\u00ed projev\u016f klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny, o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 od urb\u00e1nn\u00edch vliv\u016f.<br \/>\nCelkov\u011b lze shrnout, \u017ee \u00fazem\u00ed povod\u00ed Drahansk\u00e9ho potoka nepro\u0161lo \u017e\u00e1dnou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bnou za posledn\u00edch 160 let, jen se pomalu a postupn\u011b m\u00edrn\u011b zvy\u0161ovala zastav\u011bnost \u00fazem\u00ed, je\u017e ov\u0161em nikdy nep\u0159ekro\u010dila m\u00edru, kter\u00e1 by se mohla v\u00fdznamn\u011bji projevit v omezen\u00ed infiltrace sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fdch vod. Podle dostupn\u00fdch informac\u00ed ani do bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti nen\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 masivn\u00ed v\u00fdstavba v dan\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Vino\u0159sk\u00fd potok<\/h2>\n<p>Ukazuje odtokov\u00e9 pom\u011bry ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Prahy, specifikem je jeho odtok z Prahy do St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9ho kraje (p\u0159\u00edtok Labe). Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed odtok je determinov\u00e1n zv\u011bt\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm se mno\u017estv\u00edm denuda\u010dn\u00edch zbytk\u016f k\u0159\u00eddov\u00fdch p\u00edskovc\u016f. Povod\u00ed je poznamen\u00e1no v\u00fdznamnou z\u00e1stavbou v r\u016fzn\u00fdch historick\u00fdch obdob\u00edch (leti\u0161t\u011b Kbely), v\u010detn\u011b mohutn\u00e9ho dne\u0161n\u00edho rozvoje (katastry Kbel, Satalic, Vino\u0159e), zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed je zde i golfov\u00e9 h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Vino\u0159sk\u00fd potok vyv\u011br\u00e1 pramenem Barborka ve Kbel\u00edch (v\u00fdtok z n\u00e1dr\u017ee u \u017dacl\u00e9\u0159sk\u00e9 ulice) a te\u010de severov\u00fdchodn\u00edm sm\u011brem z Kbel do Vino\u0159e, kde po soutoku s Ct\u011bnick\u00fdm potokem pokra\u010duje ji\u017e mimo hranice HMP a pokra\u010duje do Brand\u00fdsa nad Labem, kde se vl\u00e9v\u00e1 do Labe. Jako modelov\u00e9 pilotn\u00ed povod\u00ed byla zvolena horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st potoka do profilu k soutoku s Ct\u011bnick\u00fdm potokem, kter\u00fd je z\u00e1rove\u0148 profilem na hranici HMP, kde potok opou\u0161t\u00ed Prahu a te\u010de do St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9ho kraje. Pilotn\u00ed povod\u00ed tak zahrnuje \u010d\u00e1st cel\u00e9ho povod\u00ed Vino\u0159sk\u00e9ho potoka, je\u017e spad\u00e1 na \u00fazem\u00ed HMP.<br \/>\nNa toku je v pilotn\u00edm povod\u00ed n\u011bkolik men\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed (Barborka, Biologick\u00fd rybn\u00edk, U Kamenn\u00e9ho stolu, rybn\u00edk u \u017divanick\u00e9 ulice, Mal\u00e1 Ob\u016frka, Velk\u00e1 Ob\u016frka, Cukrovarsk\u00fd rybn\u00edk), pod Kbely je do potoka za\u00fast\u011bna p\u0159ed\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 odpadn\u00ed voda z m\u00edstn\u00ed \u010cOV, k jej\u00edmu\u017e do\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed slou\u017e\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b reten\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e Biologick\u00fd rybn\u00edk. V pilotn\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed byl zvolen jeden vodom\u011brn\u00fd profil bl\u00edzko opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed potoka \u00fazem\u00ed HMP, za v\u00fdtokem z Cukrovarsk\u00e9ho rybn\u00edku ve Vino\u0159i. Profil byl vhodn\u011b zvolen tak, aby odr\u00e1\u017eel ve\u0161ker\u00e9 zm\u011bny a dopady, kter\u00e9 nastanou v \u010d\u00e1sti povod\u00ed Vino\u0159sk\u00e9ho potoka, spadaj\u00edc\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed HMP. Na profilu se sledovaly ve stanoven\u00fdch intervalech pr\u016ftoky a kvalita vody.<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/hrabankova-12_13-e1618232060676.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-30838];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"346\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11587 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/hrabankova-12_13-e1618232060676.jpg\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/346;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr. 12, 13. Vino\u0159sk\u00fd potok 1860 (vlevo). Vino\u0159sk\u00fd potok 2015 (vpravo)<\/h6>\n<p>Specifick\u00fdm fenom\u00e9nem dan\u00e9ho povod\u00ed je existence leti\u0161t\u011b Kbely, z jeho\u017e plochy se voda odvod\u0148uje na severov\u00fdchod, pr\u00e1v\u011b do Vino\u0159sk\u00e9ho potoka. Dal\u0161\u00edm specifikem je velk\u00e9 golfov\u00e9 h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b mezi Kbely a Vino\u0159\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav m\u016f\u017eeme charakterizovat jako v\u00fdskyt klasick\u00e9 rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 okrajov\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 z\u00e1stavby v \u010d\u00e1stech Kbely, Satalice, Vino\u0159. V \u010d\u00e1sti z\u00e1stavby Vino\u0159e pod\u00e9l potoka p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 a d\u00edlensk\u00e9 are\u00e1ly. Ostatn\u00ed pozemky v povod\u00ed Vino\u0159sk\u00e9ho potoka jsou vesm\u011bs zem\u011bd\u011blsky vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny, ji\u017en\u011b od Vino\u0159e je zalesn\u011bn\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed rezervace Vino\u0159sk\u00fd park. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed dostupn\u00e1 situace z roku 1860 ukazuje jen z\u00e1rodky osad Kbely a Satalice, jedinou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed obc\u00ed v \u00fazem\u00ed je Vino\u0159. Celkov\u011b lze shrnout, \u017ee povod\u00ed Vino\u0159sk\u00e9ho potoka pro\u0161lo velkou zm\u011bnou ve 20. a 30 letech 20. stolet\u00ed v souvislosti s v\u00fdstavbou leti\u0161t\u011b Kbely. To jist\u011b podn\u00edtilo i dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1stavbu a roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00fdch obc\u00ed, hlavn\u011b Kbely. Dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm bodem bylo obdob\u00ed 60. a 70. let, kdy vznikla bl\u00edzk\u00e1 velk\u00e1 s\u00eddli\u0161t\u011b St\u0159\u00ed\u017ekov a Prosek. V posledn\u00edm obdob\u00ed se postupn\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159uje v\u00fdstavba kolem hlavn\u00edch center (Kbely, Satalice, Vino\u0159), nejde v\u0161ak o n\u00e1hl\u00fd, sp\u00ed\u0161e postupn\u00fd a pomal\u00fd v\u00fdvoj. Do posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00ed se tak\u00e9 datuje vznik golfov\u00e9ho h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b mezi Kbely a Vino\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze konstatovat, \u017ee vybran\u00e1 pilotn\u00ed povod\u00ed reprezentuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed a geologick\u00e9 pom\u011bry i r\u016fzn\u00fd zp\u016fsob a dynamiku vyu\u017eit\u00ed krajiny v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let, a byla tak dobr\u00fdm z\u00e1kladem pro n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zobecn\u011bn\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00fdch dat. Projekt m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik hlavn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f \u2013 impaktov\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky, publikace, v\u00fdukov\u00fd modul, mapovou aplikaci a dal\u0161\u00ed. Pro z\u00e1jemce jsou v\u00fdsledky dostupn\u00e9 na heis.vuv.cz\/projekty\/praha-adaptacniopatreni. V tomto \u010d\u00edsle pak za t\u00edmto textem n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b \u010dty\u0159i odborn\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky, kter\u00e9 detailn\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017euji problematiku, je\u017e byla v r\u00e1mci projektu tak\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161ena.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author. R\u00e1di bychom v\u00e1s sezn\u00e1mili se z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi \u00fadaji o projektu, kter\u00fd byl \u0159e\u0161en v obdob\u00ed 2018\u20132020 v r\u00e1mci opera\u010dn\u00edho programu Praha \u2013 p\u00f3l r\u016fstu. Za t\u00edmto textem jsou pak uvedeny \u010dl\u00e1nky zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se ji\u017e specifick\u00fdmi t\u00e9maty, je\u017e byla&#8230;  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2021\/04\/projekt-cz-07-1-02-0-0-0-0-16_040-0000380-analyza-adaptacnich-opatreni-ke-zmirneni-dopadu-zmeny-klimatu-a-urbanizace-na-vodni-rezim-v-oblasti-vnejsi-prahy\/\" class=\"more-link\" title=\"Read Project CZ.07.1.02\/0.0\/0.0\/16_040\/0000380 \u201cAnalysis of adaptation measures to mitigate impacts of climate change and urbanization on the water regime in the area of external Prague\u201d\">Read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":11918,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[86,93],"tags":[2826,96,2451,2464],"coauthors":[401,400,30],"class_list":["post-30838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydraulics-hydrology-and-hydrogeology","category-two-articles","tag-adaptation-measures","tag-climate-change","tag-prague","tag-urbanization"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30838","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30838"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30838\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30841,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30838\/revisions\/30841"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11918"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30838"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=30838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}