{"id":30828,"date":"2021-12-10T18:52:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-10T17:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/2021\/12\/vysledky-a-vystupy-projektu-s-nazvem-podpora-dlouhodobeho-planovani-v-oblasti-vodniho-hospodarstvi-na-uzemi-krkonosskeho-narodniho-parku-s-durazem-na-reseni-problematiky-vlivu-technickeho-zas\/"},"modified":"2024-07-19T16:45:05","modified_gmt":"2024-07-19T15:45:05","slug":"vysledky-a-vystupy-projektu-s-nazvem-podpora-dlouhodobeho-planovani-v-oblasti-vodniho-hospodarstvi-na-uzemi-krkonosskeho-narodniho-parku-s-durazem-na-reseni-problematiky-vlivu-technickeho-zas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2021\/12\/vysledky-a-vystupy-projektu-s-nazvem-podpora-dlouhodobeho-planovani-v-oblasti-vodniho-hospodarstvi-na-uzemi-krkonosskeho-narodniho-parku-s-durazem-na-reseni-problematiky-vlivu-technickeho-zas\/","title":{"rendered":"Results and outputs of the project entitled “Support for long-term planning in the field of water management in the Krkono\u0161e National Park with an emphasis on solving the issue of the effect of technical snowmaking on the decrease in flows with the aim of increasing the long-term production of nature and landscape protection”"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

Projekt s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem \u201ePodpora dlouhodob\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed Krkono\u0161sk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku s\u00a0d\u016frazem na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed problematiky vlivu technick\u00e9ho zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed na pokles pr\u016ftok\u016f s\u00a0c\u00edlem zv\u00fd\u0161it dlouhodobou efektivitu ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody a\u00a0krajiny\u201c<\/em> (ID projektu: TH02030080) z\u00a0programu Epsilon Technologick\u00e9 agentury (TA \u010cR) byl \u0159e\u0161en ve V\u00daV TGM v\u00a0letech 2017\u20132020. Projekt se v\u011bnoval zejm\u00e9na v\u00fdzkumu dopad\u016f technick\u00e9ho zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed na vodn\u00ed toky v\u00a0Krkono\u0161\u00edch z\u00a0pohledu mo\u017en\u00e9ho ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed pr\u016ftok\u016f v\u00a0d\u016fsledku odb\u011br\u016f vody. D\u00e1le byly analyzov\u00e1ny chemick\u00e9 a\u00a0fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed vlastnosti sn\u011bhu, ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed teploty a\u00a0vlhkosti p\u016fdy a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 aspekty souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s\u00a0touto problematikou.<\/p>\n

Dopad odb\u011br\u016f vody pro \u00fa\u010dely technick\u00e9ho zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed na zm\u011bnu velikosti pr\u016ftok\u016f byl sledov\u00e1n v\u00a0oblasti Krkono\u0161 na Svatopetrsk\u00e9m, \u010cernohorsk\u00e9m, Zelen\u00e9m, Vl\u010d\u00edm, \u010cern\u00e9m a\u00a0Hu\u0165sk\u00e9m potoce a\u00a0na jejich bezejmenn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edtoc\u00edch v\u00a0obdob\u00ed od 1. prosince 2017 do 31. prosince 2020 v\u00a0\u010dasov\u00e9m kroku p\u011bti minut. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f nebyl dopad odb\u011br\u016f vody na v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch v\u00fdrazn\u00fd\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159irozen\u00e1 variabilita v\u00fdkyv\u016f pr\u016ftok\u016f, zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00edm hladiny v\u00a0d\u016fsledku p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed (sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed) hladiny vodn\u00edho toku, byla v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zm\u011bny zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 odb\u011bry vody pro \u00fa\u010dely technick\u00e9ho zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00a0zim\u00e1ch 2017\/2018, 2019\/2020 a\u00a02020\/2021 prot\u00e9kalo korytem sledovan\u00fdch v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch tok\u016f v\u011bt\u0161inou v\u00edce vody ne\u017e v\u00a0letn\u00edm a\u00a0podzimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed. Odli\u0161n\u00e1 byla zima 2018\/2019, kdy zpo\u010d\u00e1tku je\u0161t\u011b vrcholilo hydrologick\u00e9 sucho z\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00edho obdob\u00ed a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b pak p\u0159etrv\u00e1valy b\u011bhem zbytku zimy n\u00edzk\u00e9 pr\u016ftoky. V\u00a0zim\u011b 2018\/2019 byl proto zaznamen\u00e1n v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dopad odb\u011br\u016f vody na vodn\u00ed toky, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e na \u010cernohorsk\u00e9m potoce byl v\u00a0listopadu 2018 dokonce zm\u011b\u0159en nadlimitn\u00ed odb\u011br vody (obr.\u00a01b<\/em>). Naopak na mal\u00fdch vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch byly v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 jak\u00e9koli odb\u011bry a\u00a0vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b odb\u011br\u016f vody pro technick\u00e9 zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace k\u00a0dopad\u016fm technick\u00e9ho zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed na zm\u011bnu pr\u016ftok\u016f jsou uvedeny ve VTEI 4\/2019 [1].<\/p>\n

P\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch zim\u00e1ch se v\u00a0Krkono\u0161\u00edch technicky zasn\u011b\u017euje nej\u010dast\u011bji v\u00a0prosinci a\u00a0v\u00a0lednu (medi\u00e1n odb\u011br\u016f vody1<\/sup> pro m\u011bs\u00edc prosinec je 895 m3<\/sup>\/ha, pro leden 766 m3<\/sup>\/ha). B\u011bhem \u00fanora se u\u017e zasn\u011b\u017euje podstatn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b (medi\u00e1n odb\u011br\u016f vody 300 m3<\/sup>\/ha), v\u00a0b\u0159eznu jen v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b. N\u011bkter\u00e9 (v\u011bt\u0161inou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed) are\u00e1ly za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed technicky zasn\u011b\u017eovat v\u00a0omezen\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e p\u0159i vhodn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch ji\u017e b\u011bhem listopadu.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00edm faktorem, kter\u00fd ovliv\u0148uje \u010detnost odb\u011br\u016f vody pro technick\u00e9 zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, je teplota vzduchu. Technicky se zasn\u011b\u017euje nej\u010dast\u011bji p\u0159i teplot\u00e1ch rosn\u00e9ho bodu pod \u20134,5 \u00b0C, v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b p\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch hodnot\u00e1ch teploty rosn\u00e9ho bodu. V obdob\u00ed zim 1989\/1990 a\u017e 2019\/2020 bylo mo\u017eno v Peci pod Sn\u011b\u017ekou podle \u00fadaj\u016f vypo\u010dten\u00fdch z poskytnut\u00fdch dat \u010cHM\u00da [2] v pr\u016fm\u011bru zasn\u011b\u017eovat b\u011bhem 65 dn\u016f, z\u00a0toho v\u00a0prosinci (nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u011bs\u00edci pro technick\u00e9 zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed) 21 dn\u016f. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro technick\u00e9 zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed byly v\u00a0prosinci 1996 a\u00a01999, kdy bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 technicky zasn\u011b\u017eovat v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu 30 dn\u016f, nejhor\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0prosinci 2015, kdy to \u0161lo pouze b\u011bhem 7 dn\u016f. V\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0r\u016fstem teploty vzduchu ubylo v\u00a0prosinci za 10 let v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru 2,8 vhodn\u00e9ho dne pro technick\u00e9 zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Obr. 1. Dopad odb\u011br\u016f vody pro \u00fa\u010dely technick\u00e9ho zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u010cernohorsk\u00fd potok<\/h6>\n

a) za b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 zimy (leden 2018)<\/p>\n

b) v obdob\u00ed pr\u016ftoku pod hranic\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u016fstatkov\u00e9ho pr\u016ftoku \u2013 tzn. v obdob\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e nen\u00ed odb\u011br vody povolen<\/p>\n

V\u00a0Rokytnici nad Jizerou, \u0160pindlerov\u011b Ml\u00fdn\u011b, Jansk\u00fdch L\u00e1zn\u00edch a\u00a0Peci pod Sn\u011b\u017ekou se projekt d\u00e1le zab\u00fdval rozd\u00edly ve zm\u011bn\u00e1ch teploty a\u00a0vlhkosti p\u016fdy v\u00a0hloubce 30\u00a0cm na (zasn\u011b\u017eovan\u00e9 i\u00a0nezasn\u011b\u017eovan\u00e9) sjezdovce a\u00a0mimo sjezdovky. U\u00a0vlhkosti p\u016fdy v\u00a0hloubce 30\u00a0cm nebyly zji\u0161t\u011bny z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozd\u00edly. Hlavn\u00edm ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem provlh\u010den\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00a0hloubce 30\u00a0cm v\u00a0obdob\u00ed le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed sn\u011bhov\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvky byla expozice svahu (svit slunce na svah vs. zast\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed stromy), naopak nebyly pozorov\u00e1ny rozd\u00edly mezi provlh\u010den\u00edm sjezdovky a\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed mimo ni, i\u00a0kdy\u017e sn\u00edh le\u017eel na sjezdovce del\u0161\u00ed dobu. Konec v\u00fdskytu sn\u011bhov\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvky byl spolehliv\u011b detekov\u00e1n u\u00a0p\u016fdn\u00ed teploty (po rozt\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u011bhu teplota p\u016fdy v\u00fdrazn\u011b vzroste, viz obr.\u00a02<\/em>). B\u011bhem zimy byl pr\u016fb\u011bh teploty p\u016fdy na sjezdovce i\u00a0mimo ni obdobn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

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Obr. 2. Teplota p\u016fdy v hloubce 30 cm na sjezdovce a mimo ni v Rokytnici nad Jizerou a ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9m are\u00e1lu Horn\u00ed Domky v zim\u011b 2018\/2019<\/h6>\n

Mno\u017estv\u00ed vody, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee odt\u00e9ct p\u0159i t\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u011bhu, je z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na jeho vodn\u00ed hodnot\u011b a\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161ce sn\u011bhov\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvky. Ta m\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vliv, nebo\u0165 \u010d\u00edm je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm pomaleji sn\u00edh odt\u00e1v\u00e1. Na technicky zasn\u011b\u017eovan\u00e9 sjezdovce b\u00fdv\u00e1 zpravidla v\u00edce sn\u011bhu ne\u017e mimo ni, a\u00a0proto se tam sn\u00edh dr\u017e\u00ed d\u00e9le. T\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u011bhu zpomaluje jeho pevnost (pokud je sn\u00edh zmrzl\u00fd, v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sjezdovky tak\u00e9 zhut\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u011bhu rolbou) a\u00a0naopak urychluje je vhodn\u00e1 expozice svahu v\u016f\u010di slune\u010dn\u00edm paprsk\u016fm, de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky a\u00a0v\u00edtr. \u010cerstv\u00fd sn\u00edh m\u00e1 men\u0161\u00ed vodn\u00ed hodnotu a\u00a0hustotu ne\u017e mokr\u00fd sn\u00edh nebo firn. Variabilita vodn\u00ed hodnoty sn\u011bhu v\u00a0jednotkov\u00e9m sloupci 1 m v\u00fd\u0161ky sn\u011bhov\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvky byla sledov\u00e1na ve \u0160pindlerov\u011b Ml\u00fdn\u011b, Jansk\u00fdch L\u00e1zn\u00edch, Peci pod Sn\u011b\u017ekou a\u00a0Rokytnici nad Jizerou a\u00a0na sjezdovk\u00e1ch se pohybovala od 188 mm do 742 mm, mimo sjezdovku od 159 mm do 636 mm. Na sjezdovce bylo ve sn\u011bhu v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru o\u00a01,3 a\u017e 1,9\u00d7 (v\u00a0extr\u00e9mu a\u017e o\u00a02,7\u00d7) v\u00edce vody ne\u017e mimo sjezdovku. \u010c\u00edslo vyjad\u0159uje nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br z\u00a0v\u00edce \u00fadaj\u016f o\u00a0vodn\u00ed hodnot\u011b sn\u011bhu\u00a0na t\u00e9\u017ee sjezdovce (respektive mimo ni)\u00a0\u2013 rozp\u011bt\u00ed\u00a0mezi nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdmi vodn\u00edmi hodnotami sn\u011bhu\u00a0v\u00a0jednom bod\u011b toti\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zna\u010dn\u00e9. Je proto t\u0159eba\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0opakovat v\u00edcekr\u00e1t a\u00a0pro dan\u00e9 m\u00edsto po\u010d\u00edtat s\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brem z\u00a0v\u00edce\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, nap\u0159. ve \u0160pindlerov\u011b Ml\u00fdn\u011b bylo v\u00a0b\u0159eznu 2020 na sjezdovce Hromovka v\u00a0nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 850 m\u00a0n. m. rozp\u011bt\u00ed vodn\u00ed hodnoty sn\u011bhu\u00a0v\u00a0jednotkov\u00e9m sloupci od 653 mm do 721 mm.\u00a0<\/em> Porovn\u00e1vat mno\u017estv\u00ed vody na sjezdovce a\u00a0charakterizovat strukturu technick\u00e9ho sn\u011bhu nav\u00edc nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b jednoduch\u00e9. Modern\u00ed zasn\u011b\u017eovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my um\u011bj\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et r\u016fznou strukturu sn\u011bhu, kter\u00e1 se pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 sjezdovky a\u00a0\u010das li\u0161\u00ed. Jin\u00e1 bude p\u0159i zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed na za\u010d\u00e1tku sezony, kdy slou\u017e\u00ed jako podklad pro dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1ze zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, odli\u0161n\u00e1 p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed sjezdovek pro ve\u0159ejnost, kde se struktura sn\u011bhu bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmu. Naopak sn\u011bhov\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka z\u00e1vodn\u00edch svah\u016f, kde se m\u00eds\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed a\u00a0technick\u00fd sn\u00edh, je charakteristick\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vodn\u00ed hodnotou.<\/p>\n

Pro \u00fa\u010dely technick\u00e9ho zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed se odeb\u00edr\u00e1 voda z\u00a0vodn\u00edch tok\u016f. Proto bylo d\u00e1le zkoum\u00e1no, jak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tato voda zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 b\u011b\u017en\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edmi l\u00e1tkami a\u00a0zda je potenci\u00e1ln\u011b toto zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 a\u00a0je pot\u0159eba ho \u0159e\u0161it. Pro podrobnou anal\u00fdzu v\u00a0laborato\u0159i V\u00daV TGM bylo odebr\u00e1no 45 vzork\u016f, u\u00a0nich\u017e byl proveden z\u00e1kladn\u00ed chemick\u00fd rozbor. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci n\u011bho byl stanoven celkov\u00fd obsah slou\u010denin dus\u00edku, fosforu, obsah amoniak\u00e1ln\u00edho a\u00a0dusi\u010dnanov\u00e9ho dus\u00edku, chlorid\u016f a\u00a0pH. Obsah amoniak\u00e1ln\u00edho a\u00a0dusi\u010dnanov\u00e9ho dus\u00edku byl v\u00fdpo\u010dtem p\u0159eveden na koncentrace amonn\u00fdch iont\u016f a\u00a0dusi\u010dnan\u016f. D\u00e1le prob\u011bhlo vyhodnocen\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 200 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hodnot konduktivity vody ve vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch i\u00a0sn\u011bhu na sjezdovk\u00e1ch, nebo\u0165 existuje z\u00e1vislost mezi hodnotou konduktivity a\u00a0sledovan\u00fdm zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm. Pokud byla hodnota konduktivity zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1, n\u00e1sledn\u011b byl d\u00e1n odebran\u00fd vzorek k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdze do laborato\u0159e. Nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 hodnoty konduktivity v\u00a0potoc\u00edch, z\u00a0nich\u017e se odeb\u00edr\u00e1 voda pro \u00fa\u010dely technick\u00e9ho zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, byly n\u00edzk\u00e9\u00a0\u2013 mezi 16 a\u00a081 \u00b5S\/cm (limit pro pitnou vodu je 1 250 \u00b5S\/cm). N\u00edzk\u00fdm hodnot\u00e1m konduktivity odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed i\u00a0analyzovan\u00e9 hodnoty zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody ve vodn\u00edch\u00a0toc\u00edch zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00a0laborato\u0159i. V\u00fdjimkou byl \u010cern\u00fd potok, kde byla 15.\u00a0srpna 2019 nam\u011b\u0159ena konduktivita 126 \u00b5S\/cm (v\u00a0laborato\u0159i n\u00e1sledn\u011b detekov\u00e1no p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed limit\u016f pro amonn\u00e9 ionty\u00a0\u2013 0,908 mg\/l), a\u00a0B\u00edl\u00fd potok v\u00a0Harrachov\u011b dne 14. \u00fanora 2020, kde byla konduktivita dokonce 420 \u00b5S\/cm (souvis\u00ed s\u00a0p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00edm koncentrac\u00ed chlorid\u016f ve vod\u011b\u00a0\u2013 105 mg\/l).<\/p>\n

Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm sn\u011bhu i\u00a0ve sm\u011bsi p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho a\u00a0technick\u00e9ho sn\u011bhu bylo rovn\u011b\u017e velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9. Konduktivita u\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho sn\u011bhu se pohybovala mezi 2,8 \u00b5S\/cm a\u00a014,4 \u00b5S\/cm, u\u00a0sn\u011bhu na sjezdovce mezi 2 \u00b5S\/cm a\u00a035 \u00b5S\/cm. Z\u00a0pohledu mo\u017en\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bnou vodou z\u00a0vodn\u00edch tok\u016f prob\u011bhl v\u00a0sezon\u011b 2019\/2020 podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed plo\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdzkum zm\u011bn konduktivity na sjezdovk\u00e1ch a\u00a0ve vod\u011b z\u00a0vodn\u00edch tok\u016f, je\u017e jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny pro technick\u00e9 zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00fdhodou byla skute\u010dnost, \u017ee v\u00a0dob\u011b plo\u0161n\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed byl na sjezdovk\u00e1ch v\u011bt\u0161inou pouze technick\u00fd sn\u00edh, nikoli sm\u011bs technick\u00e9ho a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho sn\u011bhu. Na hromad\u00e1ch \u010dist\u011b technick\u00e9ho sn\u011bhu na sjezdovk\u00e1ch se konduktivita pohybovala podle st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed sn\u011bhu od 2 do 12 \u00b5S\/cm, v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e ve vodn\u00edch\u00a0toc\u00edch, z\u00a0nich\u017e se odeb\u00edr\u00e1 voda pro \u00fa\u010dely technick\u00e9ho zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. Naopak konduktivita vzork\u016f vody z\u00edskan\u00fdch ze sn\u011bhov\u00fdch d\u011bl odpov\u00eddala konduktivit\u011b vody zm\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 ve vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch. Z\u00a0proveden\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy dat bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee se st\u00e1\u0159\u00edm sn\u011bhu se hodnota konduktivity technick\u00e9ho sn\u011bhu sni\u017euje. To souvis\u00ed s\u00a0\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm sn\u011bhu od p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs\u00ed p\u0159i prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed reakci p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b skupenstv\u00ed (viz [3]). D\u00edky tomuto samo\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed byly ve v\u0161ech vzorc\u00edch ze star\u0161\u00edho \u010dist\u011b technick\u00e9ho sn\u011bhu hodnoty koncentrac\u00ed pod mez\u00ed detekce laborato\u0159e. U\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho sn\u011bhu byly oproti tomu detekov\u00e1ny velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9 koncentrace na \u00farovni detekce laborato\u0159e, co\u017e souvis\u00ed se zachyt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek ze vzduchu. Proces samo\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed sn\u011bhu p\u0159i prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed reakci p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b skupenstv\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou, pro\u010d se ve vzorc\u00edch sn\u011bhu nemus\u00ed projevit p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody odebran\u00e9 z\u00a0vodn\u00edho toku. Odli\u0161n\u00e9 dopady na chemismus vody ve sn\u011bhu m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed sn\u011bhu, nap\u0159. p\u0159i kon\u00e1n\u00ed ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f, kdy je pot\u0159eba\u00a0\u2013 s\u00a0ohledem na udr\u017een\u00ed kvality sjezdov\u00fdch trat\u00ed b\u011bhem z\u00e1vodu a\u00a0jejich regul\u00e9rnosti\u00a0\u2013 tyto sjezdovky upravit, v\u010detn\u011b jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9ho v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9ho u\u017eit\u00ed salmiaku, tak aby sjezdov\u00e1 tra\u0165 z\u016fstala tvrd\u00e1 i\u00a0p\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch vzduchu a\u00a0netvo\u0159ila se p\u0159i z\u00e1vodech koryta. Pr\u00e1v\u011b po z\u00e1vodech sv\u011btov\u00e9ho poh\u00e1ru v\u00a0ly\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0b\u0159eznu 2019 byl ve \u0160pindlerov\u011b Ml\u00fdn\u011b zaznamen\u00e1n jedin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy bylo na sjezdovce nam\u011b\u0159eno v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Po z\u00e1vodech sv\u011btov\u00e9ho poh\u00e1ru byly odebr\u00e1ny a\u00a0analyzov\u00e1ny dva vzorky. Zat\u00edmco prvn\u00ed vzorek m\u011bl zv\u00fd\u0161enou hodnotu zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek, ten druh\u00fd byl bez v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. V\u00a0prvn\u00edm vzorku p\u0159ekra\u010doval obsah amonn\u00fdch iont\u016f normu pro pitnou vodu v\u00edce ne\u017e 16\u00d7 a\u00a0oproti jin\u00fdm sjezdovk\u00e1m byl zv\u00fd\u0161en i\u00a0obsah chlorid\u016f, av\u0161ak limity pro pitnou vodu p\u0159ekro\u010deny nebyly.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu byla vytvo\u0159ena Mapa ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed Krkono\u0161sk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku technick\u00fdm zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm a\u00a0jin\u00fdmi odb\u011bry (obr.\u00a03<\/em>). Na dvou map\u00e1ch jsou zobrazeny v\u0161echny zn\u00e1m\u00e9 sjezdovky v Krkono\u0161\u00edch, je\u017e funguj\u00ed nebo by se na nich provoz mohl obnovit. Barevnou \u0161k\u00e1lou je rozli\u0161eno, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry se sjezdovka technicky zasn\u011b\u017euje. Jsou vyzna\u010deny v\u0161echny povolen\u00e9 odb\u011bry pro \u00fa\u010dely technick\u00e9ho zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a ostatn\u00ed odb\u011bry vody nad 500 m3<\/sup>\/m\u011bs\u00edc (p\u0159\u00edlohou mapy je tabulka s\u00a0detailn\u00edmi informacemi o\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch odb\u011brech vody a\u00a0s\u00a0vyzna\u010den\u00edm odb\u011br\u016f, p\u0159i nich\u017e do\u0161lo k\u00a0p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed povolen\u00fdch limit\u016f). V\u00a0map\u011b je zakreslena i\u00a0zonace KRNAP, v\u010detn\u011b jeho ochrann\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma. P\u0159i form\u00e1tu tisku A0 je m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko mapy p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 : 40\u00a0000.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Obr.\u00a03. N\u00e1hled mapy ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed Krkono\u0161sk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku technick\u00fdm zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm a\u00a0jin\u00fdmi odb\u011bry<\/h6>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0v\u00fdstup\u016f je Metodika pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed odb\u011br\u016f vody pro technick\u00e9 zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed (d\u00e1le jen Metodika). Ta by m\u011bla b\u00fdt n\u00e1pomocna ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch dopad\u016f odb\u011br\u016f vody pro \u00fa\u010dely technick\u00e9ho zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u00davodn\u00ed kapitola Metodiky je ur\u010dena zejm\u00e9na provozovatel\u016fm ski are\u00e1l\u016f. Prov\u00e1z\u00ed je procesem rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem se postavit k\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdm odb\u011br\u016fm vody, tedy nad \u010d\u00edm by se m\u011bl provozovatel zamyslet, ne\u017e po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o\u00a0povolen\u00ed k\u00a0odb\u011bru vody, a\u00a0poskytuje jim i\u00a0n\u00e1vod, jak p\u0159istupovat k\u00a0samotn\u00e9 Metodice. N\u00e1sleduje \u010d\u00e1st t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se vodopr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0jeho n\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. Hlavn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st Metodiky \u0159e\u0161\u00ed problematiku stanoven\u00ed hodnoty minim\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u016fstatkov\u00e9ho pr\u016ftoku, v\u00fdpo\u010dtu mno\u017estv\u00ed vody, kter\u00e9 si mohou ski are\u00e1ly n\u00e1rokovat pro odb\u011br vody, v\u010detn\u011b stanoven\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch limit\u016f pro odb\u011br vody z\u00a0vodn\u00edho toku.<\/p>\n

K\u00a0tomu, aby se sn\u00ed\u017eil ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed dopad odb\u011br\u016f vody (nejen pro \u00fa\u010dely technick\u00e9ho zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed) na vodn\u00ed toky, m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u011bt dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00a0v\u00fdstup\u016f projektu, interaktivn\u00ed software s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem Odb\u011br vody. Ten umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u017eivatel\u016fm napl\u00e1novat jednotliv\u00e9 odb\u011bry vody s\u00a0ohledem na\u00a0p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f po\u010das\u00ed pro n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 14 dn\u00ed. Pomoc\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017ekoodtokov\u00e9ho modelu Bilan jsou na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u00fadaj\u016f z\u00a0historie (pr\u016ftoky, sr\u00e1\u017eky a\u00a0teplota vzduchu) i\u00a0zadan\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f o\u00a0p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdch denn\u00edch \u00fahrnech sr\u00e1\u017eek a\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch denn\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 14 dnech vypo\u010dteny pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9 velikosti pr\u016ftok\u016f i\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00ed vody, kter\u00e9 bude mo\u017en\u00e9 odebrat, ani\u017e by do\u0161lo k\u00a0poklesu pr\u016ftok\u016f pod hranici minim\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u016fstatkov\u00e9ho pr\u016ftoku nebo jinak zvolen\u00e9 hranice minim\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u016ftoku. Software Odb\u011br vody je k\u00a0dispozici na adrese https:\/\/snih.vuv.cz\/zasnezovani\/. V\u00a0z\u00e1lo\u017ece O\u00a0projektu<\/em> je pak mo\u017eno st\u00e1hnout aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed podobu Metodiky i\u00a0Mapy ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed Krkono\u0161sk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku technick\u00fdm zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm a\u00a0jin\u00fdmi odb\u011bry.<\/p>\n

Pozn\u00e1mky<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. Medi\u00e1n odb\u011br\u016f vody pro technick\u00e9 zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pro obdob\u00ed let 2015 a\u017e 2019 z\u00a0m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch hodnot odb\u011br\u016f vod z\u00a0odb\u011br\u016f v\u0161ech krkono\u0161sk\u00fdch are\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed povinnost hl\u00e1sit velikost odb\u011br\u016f vody.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Projekt s n\u00e1zvem \u201ePodpora dlouhodob\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed v oblasti vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed Krkono\u0161sk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku s d\u016frazem na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed problematiky vlivu technick\u00e9ho zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed na pokles pr\u016ftok\u016f s c\u00edlem zv\u00fd\u0161it dlouhodobou efektivitu ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody a krajiny\u201c (ID projektu: TH02030080) z programu Epsilon Technologick\u00e9 agentury (TA \u010cR) byl \u0159e\u0161en ve V\u00daV TGM v letech 2017\u20132020. Projekt se v\u011bnoval zejm\u00e9na v\u00fdzkumu dopad\u016f technick\u00e9ho zasn\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed na vodn\u00ed toky v Krkono\u0161\u00edch z pohledu mo\u017en\u00e9ho ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed pr\u016ftok\u016f v d\u016fsledku odb\u011br\u016f vody. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":13438,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[3543,3542,3544],"coauthors":[37],"class_list":["post-30828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","tag-krkonose-national-park","tag-landscape-protection","tag-technical-snowmaking"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30828","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30828"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30828\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30874,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30828\/revisions\/30874"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13438"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30828"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=30828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}