{"id":30810,"date":"2021-12-10T18:55:18","date_gmt":"2021-12-10T17:55:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/2021\/12\/vztah-scenickeho-pohledu-a-hodnoty-rezidencni-vystavby\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:00:10","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T13:00:10","slug":"vztah-scenickeho-pohledu-a-hodnoty-rezidencni-vystavby","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2021\/12\/vztah-scenickeho-pohledu-a-hodnoty-rezidencni-vystavby\/","title":{"rendered":"The relationship between the scenic view and the value of residential construction"},"content":{"rendered":"

This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/strong><\/p>\n

SOUHRN<\/h2>\n

Auto\u0159i se p\u0159i sv\u00e9m zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed vztahu mezi vybran\u00fdmi vlivy a\u00a0cenami nemovitost\u00ed, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b reziden\u010dn\u00edmi stavbami (tj. rodinn\u00fdmi domy a\u00a0byty), inspirovali poznatky a\u00a0v\u00fdsledky ze\u00a0zpracovan\u00fdch re\u0161er\u0161\u00ed. \u0160lo o\u00a0takov\u00e9 charakteristiky, jejich\u017e p\u016fsoben\u00ed na ceny nemovitost\u00ed bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no i\u00a0jinde ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\u00a0 Jako referen\u010dn\u00ed lokalita bylo pro tento v\u00fdzkum zvoleno Brno. V\u00a0prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi byly fotografov\u00e1ny r\u016fzn\u00e9 reziden\u010dn\u00ed stavby, v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed byl proveden v\u00fdb\u011br t\u011bchto fotografi\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e d\u016fraz byl kladen na takov\u00e9 nemovitosti, u\u00a0kter\u00fdch byly posuzovan\u00e9 vlastnosti nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0N\u00e1sledn\u011b, v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0postupy metody Fuzzy Delphi, byl vytvo\u0159en dotazn\u00edk s\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi ot\u00e1zkami a\u00a0ur\u010den okruh posuzovatel\u016f, jim\u017e byl tento dotazn\u00edk zasl\u00e1n. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b se jednalo o\u00a0odborn\u00edky, p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0odv\u011btv\u00edch ekonomiky, stavebnictv\u00ed, architektury a\u00a0realit, kte\u0159\u00ed pak sv\u00e9 individu\u00e1ln\u011b vypln\u011bn\u00e9 dotazn\u00edky odeslali zp\u011bt. N\u00e1sledn\u011b prob\u011bhla f\u00e1ze vyhodnocen\u00ed n\u00e1zor\u016f z\u00edskan\u00fdch z\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch dotazn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u00daVOD<\/h2>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek je zam\u011b\u0159en na posouzen\u00ed vliv\u016f nemateri\u00e1ln\u00edch faktor\u016f na hodnotu reziden\u010dn\u00ed stavby v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v\u00a0lokalit\u011b Brno-m\u011bsto. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci v\u00fdzkumu prob\u011bhlo nejprve dotazov\u00e1n\u00ed odborn\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0pot\u00e9 byl pomoc\u00ed metody Fuzzy Delphi stanoven procentu\u00e1ln\u00ed odhad vlivu nehmotn\u00e9ho aktiva, v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sc\u00e9nick\u00e9ho pohledu, jako environment\u00e1ln\u00edho faktoru na\u00a0cenu nemovitost\u00ed. V\u0161ichni ze\u00a0zku\u0161enosti z\u0159ejm\u011b zn\u00e1me vliv prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u00a0prostoru na n\u00e1\u0161 psychick\u00fd stav a\u00a0chov\u00e1n\u00ed i\u00a0na mezilidsk\u00e9 vztahy. Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu je \u00faloha prostoru v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1. M\u00e1 toti\u017e s\u00edlu nejen integrovat jednotliv\u00e9 objekty do\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch, vz\u00e1jemn\u011b prov\u00e1zan\u00fdch celk\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 ovliv\u0148ovat ve\u00a0stejn\u00e9m smyslu vztahy mezi lidmi, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b vzbuzovat pocit soun\u00e1le\u017eitosti a\u00a0empatie. Syntetick\u00fd vjem, jeho\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm si sami vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme v\u00a0na\u0161em v\u011bdom\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed celek\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159edstavu o\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e \u017eijeme \u2013, pak zp\u011btn\u011b utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1s [1]. Motivem ke zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku bylo v\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee vliv vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed rozd\u00edln\u00fdch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch sc\u00e9n na\u00a0hodnotu nemovitost\u00ed nen\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u011b zn\u00e1m, a\u00a0pokud jde o\u00a0\u010ceskou republiku, nen\u00ed tak obecn\u011b zohledn\u011bn p\u0159i stanovov\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00ed ceny. Ve sv\u011bt\u011b jsou v\u0161ak tyto vlivy zkoum\u00e1ny a\u00a0m\u00edra v\u00fdznamnosti pro hodnotu nemovitosti je u\u00a0nich stanovena.<\/p>\n

Ferlan, Bastic a Psunder ve sv\u00e9 publikaci, kter\u00e1 se zam\u011b\u0159uje na faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed tr\u017en\u00ed hodnotu reziden\u010dn\u00edch nemovitost\u00ed ve slovinsk\u00e9m Mariboru, zkoumali mimo jin\u00e9 tak\u00e9 faktor v\u00fdhledu z nemovitosti. Dosp\u011bli k tomu, \u017ee nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159idanou hodnotu p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pohled na vodn\u00ed prvek (mo\u0159e), kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it prodejn\u00ed cenu a\u017e o 40 %, zat\u00edmco pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst hodnoty byl odhadov\u00e1n na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 12 % [2]. Holandsk\u00fd v\u011bdec Luttik odhadl, \u017ee v Nizozemsku reziden\u010dn\u00ed objekty s malebn\u00fdm v\u00fdhledem na lesy v okol\u00ed by mohly p\u0159idat pr\u00e9mii 6\u201312 % a vodn\u00ed \u00fatvary 8\u201310 % k jejich tr\u017en\u00ed hodnot\u011b [3]. Bourassa a kolektiv odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee v Aucklandu na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu je rovn\u011b\u017e d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pohled na vodn\u00ed prvek, proto\u017ee prodejn\u00ed cena objekt\u016f s touto p\u0159ednost\u00ed se zvy\u0161uje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 10 %. Mimoto tak\u00e9 zjistili, \u017ee hodnota nemovitosti v o\u010d\u00edch kupuj\u00edc\u00edch vykazuje d\u00edky panoramatick\u00e9mu v\u00fdhledu na vodu n\u00e1r\u016fst o 65 % [4]. Takt\u00e9\u017e Jim a Chen v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m Guangzhou do\u0161li k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee pohled na zelen\u00e9 plochy a bl\u00edzkost vodn\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f zvy\u0161uj\u00ed cenu bydlen\u00ed o 7 %, respektive 13 % [5]. Jim a Chen d\u00e1le odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee panoramatick\u00fd pohled na p\u0159\u00edstav v Hongkongu by mohl pozvednout hodnotu byt\u016f o 3 %, naopak panoramatick\u00fd v\u00fdhled na hory by navzdory o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed autor\u016f mohl sn\u00ed\u017eit cenu byt\u016f o 6,7 %, nebo\u0165 kupuj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ednost byt\u016fm s v\u00fdhledem na mo\u0159e [6]. Rozd\u00edln\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed fin\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci Tyrv\u00e4inen a Miettinen, kte\u0159\u00ed zjistili, \u017ee ceny bydlen\u00ed a s nimi souvisej\u00edc\u00ed hodnota reziden-\u010dn\u00edch budov s v\u00fdhledem do lesa mohou b\u00fdt o 5 % vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed [7].<\/p>\n

METODIKA<\/h2>\n

Delphi<\/h3>\n

Tradi\u010dn\u00ed metoda Delphi vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0n\u00e1zor\u016f jednotlivc\u016f z\u00edskan\u00fdch v\u00a0r\u00e1mci diskuze a\u00a0p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k\u00a0nalezen\u00ed konsenzu a\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru v\u00a0dan\u00e9 oblasti. Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu byla tato metoda vybr\u00e1na jako vhodn\u00e1 i\u00a0pro formulov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se\u00a0stanoven\u00ed ceny nemovitost\u00ed, u\u00a0kter\u00fdch jsou zkoum\u00e1ny zvolen\u00e9 nemateri\u00e1ln\u00ed faktory. P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci touto metodou je v\u00a0prvn\u00edm kroku definov\u00e1n probl\u00e9m. Pot\u00e9 se p\u0159istupuje k\u00a0v\u00fdb\u011bru skupin odborn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou kompetentn\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159it se k\u00a0dotazovan\u00e9mu probl\u00e9mu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e by m\u011bla b\u00fdt\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bna jejich anonymita. Po\u00a0vyhodnocen\u00ed\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f v\u00a0prvn\u00edm\u00a0kroku se\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159istupuje k\u00a0opakovan\u00fdm kol\u016fm dotazov\u00e1n\u00ed. Odborn\u00edci se mohou znovu vyj\u00e1d\u0159it k\u00a0dan\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm na z\u00e1klad\u011b vyhodnocen\u00fdch informac\u00ed z\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00edho kola a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b zm\u011bnit sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory. Dosa\u017een\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky jsou pot\u00e9 zapracov\u00e1ny do\u00a0kone\u010dn\u00e9ho vyhodnocen\u00ed [8].<\/p>\n

Fuzzy Delphi<\/h3>\n

Vedle tradi\u010dn\u00ed metody Delphi je tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na Fuzzy Delphi metoda. Ta vych\u00e1z\u00ed z tradi\u010dn\u00ed Delphi, av\u0161ak sou\u010dasn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 podstatu z fuzzy logiky. Klasick\u00e1 logika je dvouhodnotov\u00e1 (nap\u0159. ANO \u010di NE; 1 nebo 0; je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nebo men\u0161\u00ed atd.), zat\u00edmco fuzzy logika byla vytvo\u0159ena v reakci na skute\u010dnost, \u017ee v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b existuj\u00ed i neostr\u00e9 hranice, tedy nikoli pouze 1 a 0, ale tak\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla mezi nimi. M\u00edsto dvou pravdivostn\u00edch hodnot lze tud\u00ed\u017e z\u00edskat nekone\u010dn\u011b mnoho pravdivostn\u00edch stup\u0148\u016f z intervalu [0, 1] [8, 9]. S v\u00fdvojem \u010dasu se tradi\u010dn\u00ed metoda Delphi i\u00a0metoda Fuzzy Delphi posunuly. Dvojice matematik\u016f Roy a\u00a0Garai p\u0159edstavila vylep\u0161en\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed metody Fuzzy Delphi, a\u00a0to pomoc\u00ed troj\u00faheln\u00edkov\u00e9ho intuitivn\u00edho fuzzy \u010d\u00edsla \u201eTIFN\u201c [10].<\/p>\n

Fuzzy mno\u017eina A\u00a0je definov\u00e1na jako:<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

kde\u00a0\u00a0 \u03bc(A) (x)\u00a0 je\u00a0\u00a0 \u2026 funkce stupn\u011b \u010dlenstv\u00ed \u03bc: x\u00a0 [0, 1].<\/p>\n

Dotazovan\u00ed odborn\u00edci poskytuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 odhady a\u00a0data jsou prezentov\u00e1na ve form\u011b troj\u00faheln\u00edkov\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel:<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Vlastn\u00ed postup<\/h3>\n

Nejprve byly vytipov\u00e1ny a\u00a0fotografov\u00e1ny r\u016fzn\u00e9 sc\u00e9nick\u00e9 pohledy kolem reziden\u010dn\u00edch staveb v\u00a0Brn\u011b-m\u011bst\u011b. V\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi byl proveden v\u00fdb\u011br t\u011bchto fotografi\u00ed; zvoleny byly takov\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny, u\u00a0kter\u00fdch byly posuzovan\u00e9 vlastnosti co nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. D\u00e1le byl v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0postupy metody Delphi vytvo\u0159en dotazn\u00edk s\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi ot\u00e1zkami a\u00a0ur\u010den okruh pades\u00e1ti odborn\u00edk\u016f, jim\u017e byl tento dotazn\u00edk individu\u00e1ln\u011b zasl\u00e1n. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b \u0161lo o\u00a0odborn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00ed v\u00a0odv\u011btv\u00edch architektury, ekonomie, stavebnictv\u00ed a\u00a0realit. Po obdr\u017een\u00ed vypln\u011bn\u00fdch dotazn\u00edk\u016f prob\u011bhla f\u00e1ze vyhodnocen\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f. Dotazn\u00edky s\u00a0dopln\u011bn\u00fdmi informacemi z\u00a0prvn\u00edho kola dotazov\u00e1n\u00ed byly pot\u00e9 zasl\u00e1ny odborn\u00edk\u016fm znovu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zm\u011bny p\u016fvodn\u00edch n\u00e1zor\u016f\u00a0t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed\u00a0dotazn\u00edk odeslali i\u00a0podruh\u00e9, byly minim\u00e1ln\u00ed. Auto\u0159i v\u00fdzkumu tedy vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0toho, \u017ee\u00a0zpracovatel\u00e9 dotazn\u00edk\u016f na\u00a0sv\u00fdch prvotn\u00edch n\u00e1zorech trvali a\u00a0ji\u017e nem\u011bli pot\u0159ebu je m\u011bnit. Na obr.\u00a01<\/em> jsou v\u0161echny zkouman\u00e9 typy sc\u00e9nick\u00fdch pohled\u016f vyobrazeny.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Obr.\u00a01. Jednotliv\u00e9 typy sc\u00e9nick\u00e9ho pohledu v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed: SC1\u00a0\u2013 h\u0159bitov, SC2\u00a0\u2013 v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 stavba, SC3\u00a0\u2013 zele\u0148, SC4\u00a0\u2013 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 parkovi\u0161t\u011b, SC5\u00a0\u2013 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 oblast, SC6\u00a0\u2013 vodn\u00ed prvek, SC7\u00a0\u2013 ne\u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 skl\u00e1dka, SC8\u00a0\u2013 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 panorama, SC9\u00a0\u2013 v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e1 budova
\nFig.\u00a01. Different types of scenic view in urban environment, SC1\u00a0\u2013 cementery, SC2\u00a0\u2013 significant building, SC3\u00a0\u2013 greenery, SC4\u00a0\u2013 public car park, SC5\u00a0\u2013 industrial area, SC6\u00a0\u2013 water bodies, SC7\u00a0\u2013 unmanaged landfill, SC8\u00a0\u2013 urban panorama, SC9\u00a0\u2013 high-rise building<\/h6>\n

V\u00ddSLEDKY<\/h2>\n

Odhad atraktivity konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho zkouman\u00e9ho typu sc\u00e9nick\u00e9ho pohledu odpov\u00eddal bodov\u00e9mu ohodnocen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zvolili jednotliv\u00ed dotazovan\u00ed odborn\u00edci. Pracovali se\u00a0\u0161k\u00e1lou od\u00a00\u00a0do\u00a010, kdy hodnota 0 ozna\u010dovala nejmen\u0161\u00ed atraktivitu a\u00a0hodnota 10 pak atraktivitu nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. Hodnocen\u00ed atraktivity jednotliv\u00fdch pohled\u016f v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed se\u00a0nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d sekcemi odborn\u00edk\u016f m\u00edrn\u011b li\u0161ilo; podobn\u011b v\u0161ak hodnotili atraktivitu vybran\u00fdch pohled\u016f ekonomov\u00e9 a\u00a0realitn\u00ed makl\u00e9\u0159i. V\u0161echny sekce se shodly na tom, \u017ee\u00a0nejv\u00edce atraktivn\u00ed v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed je pohled na v\u00fdznamnou stavbu (respektive historickou kulturn\u00ed pam\u00e1tku), pohled na m\u011bstskou zele\u0148 \u010di\u00a0park, pohled na\u00a0vodn\u00ed prvek um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9 krajin\u011b a\u00a0pota\u017emo i\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9 panorama. Naopak n\u00edzk\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed obdr\u017eel pohled na parkovi\u0161t\u011b a\u00a0pr\u016fmyslovou oblast. Nejm\u00e9n\u011b atraktivn\u00ed se jevil sc\u00e9nick\u00fd pohled na h\u0159bitov, pr\u016fmyslovou oblast a\u00a0ne\u0159\u00edzenou skl\u00e1dku nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00a0bl\u00edzkosti reziden\u010dn\u00edch staveb. V\u00a0tab.\u00a01<\/em> jsou v\u00fdsledky zobrazeny.<\/p>\n

Tab.\u00a01.<\/em> Bodov\u00e9 ohodnocen\u00ed atraktivity jednotliv\u00fdch typ\u016f sc\u00e9nick\u00e9ho pohledu v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed
\n<\/em>Tab.\u00a01. Attractiveness of different types of scenic view in urban environment<\/em><\/h5>\n
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Lze tedy p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee ceny reziden\u010dn\u00edch nemovitost\u00ed jsou atraktivn\u00edm \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b atraktivn\u00edm sc\u00e9nick\u00fdm pohledem do jejich bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho \u010di vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00edho okol\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem ovlivn\u011bny. Tento v\u00fdhled tak p\u0159edstavuje nehmotn\u00e9 aktivum, kter\u00e9 je na rozd\u00edl od b\u011b\u017en\u011b obchodovan\u00fdch aktiv obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b vy\u010d\u00edsliteln\u00e9. Pro environment\u00e1ln\u00ed statky plat\u00ed vztah z\u00e1m\u011bny, kdy se spot\u0159ebitel mus\u00ed rozhodnout mezi pou\u017eit\u00edm sv\u00fdch zdroj\u016f na b\u011b\u017en\u00fd statek \u010di statek environment\u00e1ln\u00ed. Z obdr\u017een\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee 100 % dotazovan\u00fdch je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deno o pozitivn\u00edm vlivu v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 stavby v m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed na cenu reziden\u010dn\u00ed stavby, u\u00a0zelen\u011b,\u00a0vodn\u00edch prvk\u016f a\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho panoramatu je o\u00a0tom p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deno 92\u00a0%, respektive 88\u00a0% dotazovan\u00fdch. Negativn\u00ed vliv m\u00e1\u00a0pohled na pr\u016fmyslovou oblast, o\u00a0\u010dem\u017e je\u00a0p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deno 92\u00a0% respondent\u016f. N\u00e1sleduje h\u0159bitov a\u00a0ne\u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 skl\u00e1dka, na\u00a0tomto z\u00e1v\u011bru se\u00a0shodlo 78\u00a0% dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch expert\u016f. Podobn\u00fd trend se projevil i\u00a0v\u00a0ot\u00e1zce srovn\u00e1n\u00ed kvality ur\u010dit\u00e9ho druhu sc\u00e9nick\u00e9ho pohledu s\u00a0tzv. z\u00e1kladn\u00edm m\u011bstsk\u00fdm pohledem. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00fd pohled je ve v\u00fdzkumu uva\u017eov\u00e1n jako pohled na typickou m\u011bstskou z\u00e1stavbu bez panoramatick\u00e9ho p\u0159esahu. Pohled na v\u00fdznamnou stavbu (historickou kulturn\u00ed pam\u00e1tku) je\u00a0v\u00a0o\u010d\u00edch 100\u00a0% dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e z\u00e1kladn\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00fd pohled, zele\u0148 a\u00a0vodn\u00ed prvky v\u00a097\u00a0%, respektive 92\u00a0%. Naopak h\u0159bitov a\u00a0ne\u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 skl\u00e1dka jsou hor\u0161\u00ed, s\u00a0\u010d\u00edm\u017e souhlas\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b h\u0159bitova 87\u00a0% a\u00a0v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ne\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 skl\u00e1dky 82\u00a0% dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se z\u00e1kladn\u00edm m\u011bstsk\u00fdm pohledem je sc\u00e9nick\u00fd pohled na\u00a0pr\u016fmyslovou oblast hor\u0161\u00ed pro 78\u00a0% respondent\u016f. Ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00fdm typem sc\u00e9nick\u00e9ho pohledu je graficky zobrazeno na obr.\u00a02<\/em>.<\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a02. Procentu\u00e1ln\u00ed odhad vlivu ceny reziden\u010dn\u00ed stavby podle zkouman\u00fdch typ\u016f sc\u00e9nick\u00fdch pohled\u016f ve\u00a0srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se z\u00e1kladn\u00edm pohledem
\nFig.\u00a02. Percentage estimate of the influence of the price of housing by the examined types of scenic views in comparison with the basic view<\/h6>\n

Rozd\u00edl v\u00a0cen\u011b reziden\u010dn\u00ed nemovitosti tedy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed vlivem ur\u010dit\u00e9ho typu sc\u00e9nick\u00e9ho pohledu odli\u0161n\u00fd. M\u011bstsk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed v\u00a0okol\u00ed objektu pro bydlen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt lep\u0161\u00ed i\u00a0hor\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e ovliv\u0148uje ochotu kupuj\u00edc\u00edch platit za tento benefit. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulka shrnuje procentu\u00e1ln\u00ed odhady vlivu nehmotn\u00e9ho aktiva\u00a0\u2013 tedy sc\u00e9nick\u00e9ho pohledu\u00a0\u2013 na cenu nemovitost\u00ed odhadovan\u00e9 odborn\u00edky podle jejich zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Nehmotn\u00e9mu aktivu je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159idat pr\u00e9mii od\u00a00\u00a0do\u00a0100\u00a0%, je\u017e se prom\u00edtne v\u00a0cen\u011b nemovitosti. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam m\u00e1\u00a0sc\u00e9nick\u00fd pohled podle architekt\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed uvedli vliv od 18 do 50\u00a0%, nejmen\u0161\u00ed naopak podle realitn\u00edch expert\u016f makl\u00e9\u0159\u016f, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b od 6 do 32\u00a0%. Nejmen\u0161\u00ed rozptyl odhadovan\u00e9ho vlivu je vid\u011bt u\u00a0 ekonom\u016f, a\u00a0to\u00a011\u201330\u00a0%. P\u0159i zohledn\u011bn\u00ed odhad\u016f odborn\u00edk\u016f ze v\u0161ech dotazovan\u00fdch sekc\u00ed je minim\u00e1ln\u00ed vliv sc\u00e9nick\u00e9ho pohledu na cenu bydlen\u00ed v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed stanoven na\u00a011\u00a0% a\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed na\u00a038\u00a0%, nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vliv je podle zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed cca\u00a021\u00a0%.<\/p>\n

Statistick\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f<\/h3>\n

Statistick\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost odhadovan\u00fdch veli\u010din byla ov\u011b\u0159ena prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm korelace. Pearson\u016fv korela\u010dn\u00ed koeficient mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi odhady v\u00a0datov\u00e9m souboru je 0,97, 0,98 a\u00a00,86 (p < 0,01), co\u017e\u00a0nazna\u010duje velmi silnou m\u00edru z\u00e1vislosti poskytnut\u00fdch odhad\u016f, tud\u00ed\u017e vybran\u00ed experti pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b poskytuj\u00ed naprosto koherentn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bry. Zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd korela\u010dn\u00ed koeficient se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 pomoc\u00ed sm\u011brodatn\u00fdch odchylek prom\u011bnn\u00fdch a\u00a0jejich kovariance, tedy m\u00edry vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 vazby mezi veli\u010dinami. Spearman\u016fv koeficient korelace, kter\u00fd je rezistentn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di odlehl\u00fdm hodnot\u00e1m, m\u00e1\u00a0hodnoty 0,92, 0,94 a\u00a00,76 (p < 0,01), co\u017e vyjad\u0159uje st\u00e1le velmi silnou z\u00e1vislost a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edtomnost vztahu mezi poskytnut\u00fdmi odhady.<\/p>\n

Tab.\u00a02. Odhad vlivu sc\u00e9nick\u00e9ho pohledu na hodnotu reziden\u010dn\u00ed stavby
\n<\/em>Tab.\u00a02. Estimating the effect of scenic view on the value of a\u00a0residential building<\/em><\/h5>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

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DISKUZE<\/h2>\n

Priorita prostoru v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u00e1 s\u00edlu integrovat jednotliv\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny do v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch, vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojen\u00fdch celk\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou ovliv\u0148ovat du\u0161evn\u00ed a\u00a0fyzick\u00fd stav obyvatelstva. Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu m\u00e1 prostor svou roli i\u00a0p\u0159i oce\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed nemovitost\u00ed. Hodnota nemovitosti je v\u017edy ovlivn\u011bna materi\u00e1ln\u00edmi i\u00a0nemateri\u00e1ln\u00edmi faktory. Prok\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee je nutn\u00e9 chr\u00e1nit a\u00a0usm\u011br\u0148ovat tvorbu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00edho prostoru kolem obydl\u00ed a\u00a0zam\u011b\u0159it ji na pot\u0159eby u\u017eivatele. Ve\u00a0zn\u00e1m\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed se orientujeme symbolicky, pou\u017eit\u00edm takzvan\u00e9 ment\u00e1ln\u00ed mapy, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0sob\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 \u00fatvary (v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 budovy, vodn\u00ed prvky, parky a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed), a\u00a0proto jednotliv\u00e9 prvky v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed nemaj\u00ed pouze funkci estetickou a\u00a0um\u011bleckou. Tyto\u00a0prvky mohou nejen ovliv\u0148ovat du\u0161evn\u00ed a\u00a0fyzick\u00fd stav obyvatelstva, ale tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u016fsobit na cenu bydlen\u00ed a\u00a0hodnotu reziden\u010dn\u00edch staveb v\u00a0jejich bezprost\u0159edn\u00edm okol\u00ed. M\u011bstsk\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fazce souvis\u00ed s\u00a0vybaven\u00edm m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho vizu\u00e1ln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkum\u016f prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee prvky vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed na \u00farovni m\u011bstsk\u00fdch sc\u00e9n mohou v\u00fdznamn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit cenu bydlen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u00c1V\u011aR<\/h2>\n

V\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku je pouk\u00e1z\u00e1no na d\u016fle\u017eitost konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho environment\u00e1ln\u00edho faktoru\u00a0\u2013 sc\u00e9nick\u00e9ho pohledu v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0je zkoum\u00e1n jeho dopad zejm\u00e9na na cenu reziden\u010dn\u00edch staveb pomoc\u00ed metody Fuzzy Delphi v\u00a0lokalit\u011b Brno-m\u011bsto. Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0p\u0159edstaven\u00ed alternativn\u00edho a\u00a0slibn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu vyu\u017ei-\u2028teln\u00e9ho v\u00a0praxi, kter\u00fd je zalo\u017een na odborn\u00e9m \u00fasudku. Osloven\u00ed odborn\u00edci z\u00a0r\u016fznorod\u00fdch oblast\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed se v\u00a0odhadech vlivu zkouman\u00fdch typ\u016f sc\u00e9nick\u00fdch pohled\u016f v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed odli\u0161ovali pouze m\u00edrn\u011b. Potvrdilo se, \u017ee r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy sc\u00e9nick\u00fdch pohled\u016f maj\u00ed pro\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed ve\u00a0vztahu k\u00a0funkci bydlen\u00ed\u00a0rozd\u00edln\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Jejich hodnota se\u00a0zvy\u0161uje v\u00a0sestupn\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed podle d\u016fle\u017eitosti n\u00e1sledovn\u011b: pohled na\u00a0v\u00fdznamnou stavbu (historickou kulturn\u00ed pam\u00e1tku) a\u00a0zele\u0148 (park), n\u00e1sleduje vodn\u00ed prvek a\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9 panorama, pohled na v\u00fd\u0161kovou budovu (modern\u00ed architekturu), ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 parkovi\u0161t\u011b (dopravn\u00ed infrastrukturu), pr\u016fmyslovou oblast, ne\u0159\u00edzenou skl\u00e1dku a\u00a0h\u0159bitov. Lze konstatovat, \u017ee m\u00edra ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed ceny reziden\u010dn\u00ed stavby zkouman\u00fdm environment\u00e1ln\u00edm faktorem je od\u00a011\u00a0% do\u00a038\u00a0%, nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je\u00a0hodnota cca\u00a021\u00a0%. Statistick\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost veli\u010din byla ov\u011b\u0159ena parametrickou i\u00a0neparametrickou metodou za pomoci korelace. Na\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdsledk\u016f Pearsonova a\u00a0Spearmanova koeficientu korelace lze konstatovat velmi silnou z\u00e1vislost mezi odhadovan\u00fdmi veli\u010dinami. V\u00fdsledky tohoto zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm ke\u00a0zvolen\u00fdm faktor\u016fm v\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm z\u00a0podobn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f v\u00a0jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n

P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek byl zpracov\u00e1n za podpory Specifick\u00e9ho vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu M\u0160MT \u010d.\u00a0j. \u00daSI-J-21-7475.<\/em><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek pro\u0161el lektorsk\u00fdm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The authors during the research of the relationship between certain impacts and housing prices were inspired by the knowledge and results of processed literature. Concretely by\u00a0the\u00a0characteristics which had an affect on housing prices throughout the World. The\u00a0city of\u00a0Brno was chosen as a\u00a0suitable place of research. Firstly, photographs of\u00a0various residential buildings were made. Secondly, those photographs were filtered. The buildings, which have shown certain significant abilities, were chosen.\u00a0Subsequently, together with Delphi method, a\u00a0questionnaire with concrete questions was made. Also a\u00a0circuit of experts was determined and the questionnaire was sent to them. These experts work either in the branch of economy, building industry and\u00a0real estate or in an uncategorized branch. Addressed experts filled the\u00a0questionnaires and sent them back. Subsequently, an opinion exchanging phase of\u00a0evaluation from each questionnaire took place.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":13416,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[220,3537,3540,3539,2635,2636,3538],"coauthors":[2605,2606,2607],"class_list":["post-30810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","tag-environment","tag-property-price","tag-residential-building","tag-study","tag-urban-scene","tag-valuation","tag-view-value"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30810","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30810"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30810\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30816,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30810\/revisions\/30816"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13416"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30810"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30810"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=30810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}