DATA AND METHODS<\/h2>\n
Elsevier\u2019s Scopus database was chosen for citation analysis. The reason was primarily a larger scope compared to the Web of Science Core Collection, and also a larger number of citations of the VTEI journal in 2021 [1]. Data collection was carried out in several steps, during which the search query was continuously expanded to include all citations of the VTEI journal. The number of ways to write the VTEI title in the Scopus database turned out to be problematic. In total, there are 43 forms of recording the title of the VTEI journal in the Scopus database. The abbreviation of the journal, i.e. \u201cVTEI\u201d, was used most often (48 times). The full title of the journal in the form of \u201cVodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 technicko-ekonomick\u00e9\u00a0informace\u201d (Water management technical-economic information) was used 32\u00a0times. The hyphen in the connection \u201ctechnicko-ekonomick\u00e9\u201d was omitted in\u00a0five citations, of which the diacritics were also omitted in three cases. Omission of diacritics also occurred in the other three citations. The title was often corrupted, so it was possible to find, for example, \u201cVodohospod\u00e1 \u0159sk\u00e9\u201d, \u201cVodohospod\u00e1rsk\u00e9\u201d (6x), \u201cVodohospod\u00e1r\u0161k\u00e9\u201d (4x), or even \u201cVodohospod\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdrsk\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Technicko-Ekonomick\u00ef\u00bf\u00bd Informace\u201d, while in two cases a completely wrong title was used \u2013 instead of \u201ctechnicko-ekonomick\u00e9 informace\u201d \u201ctechnologicko-ekonomick\u00e9 informace\u201d. In the other 20 citations, a total of nine forms of shortening the full title were used. The combination of the abbreviation VTEI and the full title of\u00a0the\u00a0journal appeared in six citations. The translation of the title into English was used three times, but each time in a different form (The Water Management Technical and Economic Information Journal, Water management technical and economic informations, Water Management Technical and Economical Information Journal), and twice the English title combined with the abbreviation VTEI (again in different variants). Even for abbreviations of the English title, it was possible to find four variants, in a total of eight citations. In three cases, the abbreviation VTEI was associated with the journal Vodn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, with which VTEI was jointly published between 1999 and 2015 as part of a cooperation agreement [23]. During the first data collection, the search query used in the previous study [1] was applied. The resulting information was then exported to csv format and processed in a MS Excel spreadsheet. The author of the article checked which of\u00a0the\u00a0listed results actually cite the VTEI journal. In the event that the citing article contained more than 80 citations, which the Scopus database displays on\u00a0its website, the actual original document was checked. If a cited document was indicated to be cited more than once in the Scopus database, it was also verified whether all these citing articles were included in the selection, and the search criteria was expanded as necessary.<\/p>\n
The final data collection was carried out on 15 February 2022. The following query was used for the search: REF (\u201ctechnicko-ekonomick* inf*\u201d) OR REF (\u201cVodohosp* techn*\u201d) OR REF (\u201cWat* manag* tech* econ * inf*\u201d) OR REF (\u201cWat* manag* tech* and econ* inf*\u201d) OR REF (vtei) OR REF (\u201cVodoh* Tech.-Ekon* Inf*\u201d). As a result, 126 records were included in the analysis. Out of these 126 records found in the Scopus database, 18 records were eliminated that cited \u201cbulletin technicko-ekonomick\u00fdch informac\u00ed\u201d (4x), \u201cvtei.com\u201d (3x), \u201cvtei.edu.ua\u201d (1x), \u201cVirtually transparent epidermal imagery (VTEI)\u201d (3x), \u201cOBIS VTEI\u201d (2x), and\u00a0four other documents presenting technical-economic information, but not the VTEI journal. In one case (EID 2-s2.0-84907092087) there is an error in\u00a0the\u00a0Scopus metadata, which states that the work of the author \u201cVtei H\u201d should be cited a\u00a0total of\u00a0258 times in the Scopus database, but no further citations of this author or\u00a0his\/her works can be found there. The analysis thus included 108\u00a0records, which in\u00a0152 cases cite an article published in the VTEI journal.<\/p>\n
For statistical data analysis, the following information was entered into the\u00a0MS Excel spreadsheet:<\/p>\n
- \n
- EID identifier of the citing article,<\/li>\n
- DOI of the citing article,<\/li>\n
- publication date of the citing article,<\/li>\n
- form of the VTEI journal entry in the citing article,<\/li>\n
- DOI of the cited article published in VTEI,<\/li>\n
- publication date of the cited article,<\/li>\n
- volume and issue of VTEI where the cited article was published,<\/li>\n
- title of the cited article,<\/li>\n
- information on whether any of the authors of the cited article were from TGM WRI,<\/li>\n
- information on whether the cited article in VTEI has the same author as\u00a0the\u00a0citing article (auto-citation).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
In the case of missing data on the cited article (usually the DOI, which was only added to the articles in 2020), these data were taken from the electronic versions of the articles available at https:\/\/www.vtei.cz.<\/p>\n
Co-authorship analysis, keyword co-occurrence analysis, and author analysis were performed using VOSviewer version 1.6.17, a freely available computer program for constructing and viewing bibliometric maps [24]. Co-authorship refers to the publication of an article prepared jointly by networks of researchers, research centres, and institutions, or even countries. The so-called \u201cco-occurrence\u201d refers to the number of times terms appear in more than one publication [25]. VOSviewer uses a clustering technique called \u201cVOS\u201d (visualization of similarities) to identify networks of similar and dissimilar research objects [26]. VOSviewer creates maps that can be linked based on co-author-ship (multiple authors in one publication), co-occurrence (frequency of\u00a0occurrence of two terms occurring next to each other in the text), citation
\n(reference to a work in the references), bibliographic links (two works referring to a third work in their bibliographies), or a link to a joint citation (links connecting two works cited by a third) [25]. For analyses using SW VOSviewer, diacritics were removed in the exported csv file and authors\u2019 names were corrected if\u00a0the\u00a0export was inaccurate. Furthermore, due to an unidentified error in\u00a0data interpretation by\u00a0the\u00a0VOSviewer program, the name \u201cCzech Republic\u201d was changed to\u00a0\u201cCzechia\u201d and the names of the institutions were modified to\u00a0contain only the name or abbreviation of the name of the institution, and for\u00a0foreign institutions also the country. If there was an institution in\u00a0the\u00a0exported file with different forms of name entry, all these variants were unified, while individual workplaces, faculties, and institutes were not specified. For visualization in SW VOSviewer, so-called overlay maps were used, which display dependencies using coloured groups known as node clusters. Nodes represent authors, institutions, countries or keywords, and the colour represents the average year the\u00a0article was published. Node size for authors, institutions, and\u00a0countries is based on the\u00a0number of published papers, references, and the reference strength of an individual author, institution, or country.
\nFor keywords, the\u00a0co-occurrence of the term in\u00a0published documents and\u00a0the\u00a0reference strength determine the size of a\u00a0node. Some nodes are\u00a0close together or\u00a0even clustered together, while others are further apart and even contain small clusters of their own. The closer the individual nodes are,\u00a0the\u00a0stronger the\u00a0relationship between them.<\/p>\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION<\/h2>\n
Number of citations<\/h3>\n
Despite the expansion of the search query, compared to the study from 2021 [1], there was an increase in the number of articles before 2020 by only three citations. However, the number of citing (from 13 to 21) and cited (from 22\u00a0to\u00a033) articles increased more significantly in 2020, partly due to the expansion of\u00a0the\u00a0search query and partly due to the fact that the data collection for the year 2020 for the previous study [1] took place as early as on 1 January 2021, and therefore it could not include records that appeared in the Scopus database with a certain delay. For that reason, it can be assumed that even the\u00a0data\u00a0on\u00a0citations in 2021 shown in Fig. 1<\/em> may not be definite and there may be\u00a0a\u00a0slight increase in their number. In the same way, other forms of writing the title of\u00a0the VTEI journal can be identified (see below), which will increase the number of\u00a0cited articles. However, it can be stated that prior to 2009, articles\u00a0in\u00a0VTEI were only sporadically cited. Since 2009, it has been cited every year.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\")
<\/a><\/h6>\nFig. 1. Number of articles published in VTEI that have been cited in articles indexed in the Scopus database<\/strong><\/h6>\n
Of the 108 citing articles, 85 were journal articles (\u201carticle\u201d type), 13 conference papers, 5 \u201creview\u201d type papers, 4 book chapters, and 1 note (\u201cnote\u201d type). From the language point of view, 102 papers were included in the English language, eight of them were in Czech, and one paper each represented French, Polish, and Russian, while in the case of the \u201cFrench\u201d article it was actually an\u00a0article in\u00a0English with a French abstract. Similarly, four out of eight articles in\u00a0Czech were marked as \u201cbilingual\u201d thanks to the English abstract (Tab. 1<\/em>).<\/p>\n
Tab. 1. Articles incorrectly marked in Scopus as bilingual<\/strong><\/h5>\n
<\/a>\nArticles citing the VTEI journal are most often published in the Swiss journal Water, published by MDPI (nine articles), four citing articles were published in\u00a0the Czech journals Geografie \u2013 Sborn\u00edk \u010cGS, and in Waste Forum and the Slovak Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics. Three articles were published in Chemick\u00e9 listy and in the IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science. Other journals and proceedings published only one or\u00a0two articles citing an article in VTEI.<\/p>\n
Age of citations<\/h3>\n
The average age of a citation is 4.5 years, but this value is given for interest only, as average values should not be used in cases where the underlying distribution is highly skewed and has a long tail [27]. A total of 86 % of the articles were cited within six years of their publication (Fig. 2<\/em>). Half of the articles were cited within three years of publication, and articles cited within two years of publication account for a total of 36 % of citations. Compared to the general findings [13], there is a sharp decline in the number of citations for articles\u00a0older than six years. A possible explanation for this sharp decline is the fact that 152\u00a0received citations is still a relatively small number because different disciplines have different citation habits, which also change over time [28]. Rogers et al. [29] recommend a minimum sample size of 200 as an analytical minimum and 1000 samples for a good assessment of relative (but not absolute) citation performance. The sharp decline in the number of citations may also be due to\u00a0the\u00a0fact that articles published in VTEI before 2006 are cited sporadically (Fig. 3<\/em>). However, we can also see that since 2009 there has been a relatively stable citation of approximately 10 articles each year, with the exception of 2012 and 2014, when articles received only four and one citation, respectively. On the opposite side of the spectrum, the year 2015 stands out, when the two most cited articles were published \u2013 the work of A. Vizina [30] with eight citations and S. Zahr\u00e1dkov\u00e1 [31] with seven citations. The year 2010 also stands out slightly, when an article by M. V\u00e1\u0148a [32] was published, with five citations. 2021 and 2022 cannot yet be evaluated due to the insufficient time gap in the case of 2021, and for the fact that 2022 has not finished yet.<\/p>\n
<\/a><\/h6>\nFig. 2. Age of citations (difference between year of publication of the citing and the cited article)<\/strong><\/h6>\n
<\/a>\nFig. 3. Number of citations of articles published in VTEI in the relevant year<\/strong><\/h6>\n
Authors citing articles in VTEI<\/h3>\n
Of the 152 cited articles, 70 (i.e. 46 %) were cited by author teams in which at\u00a0least one of the authors is a TGM WRI employee. A total of 344 authors from a\u00a0total of 66 institutions and 16 countries participated in writing 108 citing articles. The 22 most active authors (with three or more articles) were divided into eight clusters and these authors participated in 36 citing articles. 13 of these authors are affiliated with TGM WRI (Tab. 2<\/em>). The co-authorship map created by the VOSviewer program is in Fig. 4<\/em>. Cooperation between organizations is shown in Fig. 5<\/em>, international cooperation in Fig. 6<\/em>. Authors from the Czech Republic contributed to 97 articles (i.e. 90 %) out of 108 citing articles (Tab. 3<\/em>). This confirms the earlier finding that local journals are more often cited by local authors [33]. Non-English articles also generally receive fewer citations [33, 34]. Kirchik et al. [35] showed, using the example of Russian authors, that even local authors publishing in foreign (mainly English-language) journals tend to cite articles in local languages less than when they write an article for a journal in\u00a0the local language.<\/p>\n
Tab. 2. Most active authors citing papers in VTEI journal<\/strong><\/h5>\n
<\/a>\n<\/a><\/h6>\nFig. 4. Map of co-authorship who have cited the VTEI journal in at least three articles indexed in the Scopus database<\/strong><\/h6>\n
<\/a><\/h6>\nFig. 5. Map of collaboration between institutions on articles indexed in the Scopus database that cite articles published in VTEI<\/strong><\/h6>\n
<\/a><\/h6>\nFig. 6. Map of international collaboration on articles indexed in the Scopus database that cite articles published in VTEI<\/strong><\/h6>\n
Tab. 3. International cooperation on articles citing papers in VTEI journal Country Cluster Number<\/strong><\/h5>\n
<\/a>\nOf the 152 cited articles, 59 (i.e. 39 %) were self-cited by one of the authors of the cited article. Self-citations were used in 40 (i.e. 37 %) citing articles. Self-citations are not inherently problematic, as there are many reasons for self-citations; for example, they can refer to an earlier experiment or place the article in\u00a0the context of previous works [36]. Self-citations only become a problem when they are false or unsubstantiated. Szomszor et al. [37] list a number of\u00a0studies that deal with the issue of self-citations. They also designed a graphic procedure for identifying excessive self-citations, but at the same time pointed out the need for professional interpretation of individual citation profiles. A\u00a0detailed analysis of self-citations was therefore not the subject of this study.<\/p>\n
Research areas in which articles published in VTEI are cited<\/h3>\n
Classification of journals in which articles citing VTEI are published into research areas according to the Scopus database is shown in Tab. 4<\/em>. The classification of individual articles that cite VTEI was carried out using keyword analysis. Keyword analysis of citing articles can identify research areas in which articles published in the VTEI journal are applied, reveal the internal relationship between research contents, and reveal the general direction of research. In\u00a0addition to keyword analysis, it is possible to study the content of articles using text analysis of their titles, abstracts, or the text of the publications themselves. A total of 11 keywords were used 3 times or more in citing articles.<\/p>\n
Tab. 4. Classification of citing articles into research areas according to Scopus<\/strong><\/h5>\n
<\/a>\n<\/a><\/h6>\nFig. 7. Map of keywords co-occurrence (note: the map was created after the term \u201cCzech Republic\u201d was replaced by \u201cCzechia\u201d)<\/strong><\/h6>\n
The keyword \u201cclimate change\u201d was used most often (9 times) (Tab. 5<\/em>). The key word map is shown in Fig. 6<\/em>. It clearly shows that the cited VTEI articles mainly focus on two research areas. The first is the issue of climate change and hydrological extremes (especially drought), i.e. an area that has a direct impact on\u00a0the\u00a0availability of water resources. The second is the area dedicated to water pollution and its assessment, e.g. using the water footprint. These findings are not surprising considering which authors most frequently cite articles published in VTEI. They are Adam Vizina and Libor Ansorge (both with nine citations of articles in VTEI), while the team around A. Vizina is focused on hydrological research and the team of L. Ansorge on water footprint research.<\/p>\n
Tab. 5. Keyword co-occurrence<\/strong><\/h5>\n
<\/a>\nCONCLUSION<\/h2>\n
The analysis focused on the citation rate of articles published in VTEI in journals indexed in the Scopus database. As of 15 February 2022, a total of 152 citations of\u00a0articles published in VTEI were found, which cited a total of 108 articles indexed in the Scopus database. The analysis of citations is especially complicated by the use of different variants of notation, and sometimes even the\u00a0wrong notation of the title of the journal. Articles in VTEI have been cited by authors from 66 institutions from 16 countries. However, the majority of\u00a0citations were from teams of which at least one author came from the Czech Republic and often from TGM WRI, the publisher of the VTEI journal (46 %).<\/p>\n
From the point of view of the distribution of citations over time, three periods can be distinguished. Before 2009, articles published in VTEI are cited sporadically. After 2009, articles published in VTEI are cited regularly, while since 2018 an increased number of citations is noticeable. In 2020 and 2021, the number of cited articles exceeds 30 per year. Articles receive the majority of citations (86 %) within six years of publication.<\/p>\n
The analysis showed that the VTEI journal is among the sources of professional information for a number of scientific teams, and not only in the Czech Republic.<\/p>\n
Acknowledgements<\/h3>\n
This study was created with the support of the Long-Term Concept of Research Organization Development (DKRVO) of the T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute. The\u00a0author would also like to thank two reviewers for their stimulating comments during the review process, which contributed to the higher quality of the article.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The citation rate of a journal is considered an indicator of its quality. This study presents a citation analysis of the VTEI journal, published by the T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute (hereinafter TGM WRI). The citation analysis was conducted to identify the countries and institutions of authors who cite articles published in VTEI and the subject areas in which articles published in VTEI are cited. The identification of citing articles was complicated by the wide range of forms of VTEI journal title notation, as well as errors in the Scopus database. Therefore, the search was performed in several steps and the search query was gradually expanded. Descriptive statistics methods and cluster analysis using VOSviewer software were used for the analyses. A total of 126 publications were searched in the Scopus database, but only 108 publications were included in the analysis. These 108 articles quoted 152 articles published in VTEI. The number of VTEI citations has increased from sporadic citations prior to 2009 to more than 20 citing publications in 2020 and more than 30 cited publications in 2021. The majority of citations were received by articles published in VTEI within the first six years of publication, and the citation rate for articles published between 2009 and 2021 is relatively even. Authors from 66 institutions in 16 countries, mainly in Europe, contributed to the citing publications. However, authors from the Czech Republic were dominantly involved in citations and, in many cases, these were authors of articles published in VTEI. The main areas where articles published in VTEI are cited are environmental sciences, specifically the impacts of climate change on water management and hydrology, and water quality assessment using the water footprint.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":15851,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,88],"tags":[2867,2868,2843,2467],"coauthors":[399],"class_list":["post-27731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","category-informatics-cartography-in-water-management","tag-citation-analysis","tag-citations","tag-scopus","tag-vtei"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27731","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27731"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27731\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31394,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27731\/revisions\/31394"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15851"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27731"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27731"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27731"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=27731"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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<\/a><\/h6>\n