{"id":2544,"date":"2016-10-06T13:04:49","date_gmt":"2016-10-06T13:04:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=2544"},"modified":"2024-07-16T11:44:53","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T10:44:53","slug":"legal-relations-to-waters-during-the-reign-of-the-luxembourg-dynasty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2016\/10\/legal-relations-to-waters-during-the-reign-of-the-luxembourg-dynasty\/","title":{"rendered":"Legal relations to waters during the reign of the Luxembourg dynasty"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

V\u00a0leto\u0161n\u00edm roce mohl ka\u017ed\u00fd ob\u010dan na\u0161eho st\u00e1tu zaznamenat vskutku v\u00fdzna\u010dn\u00e9 jubileum\u00a0\u2013 sedmist\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed narozen\u00ed Karla\u00a0IV. Autor tohoto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku p\u016fvodn\u011b zam\u00fd\u0161lel zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edch vztah\u016f k\u00a0vod\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 by byly (jednozna\u010dn\u011b) vymezeny obdob\u00edm vl\u00e1dy pouze tohoto panovn\u00edka. Zd\u00e1nliv\u011b by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee \u201eneexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m\u201c. Av\u0161ak\u00a0\u2013 Jan Lucembursk\u00fd ud\u011blil ji\u017e v\u00a0roce 1333 sv\u00e9mu synovi titul markrab\u011bte moravsk\u00e9ho\u00a0\u2013 Karel byl s\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00fdm \u010dasov\u00fdm odstupem zvolen \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem v\u00a0\u00fater\u00fd 11.\u00a0\u010dervence\u00a01346 (pobl\u00ed\u017e m\u011bste\u010dka Rhens na lev\u00e9m b\u0159ehu R\u00fdna). Teprve pozd\u011bji byl 26.\u00a0listopadu\u00a01346 korunov\u00e1n v\u00a0Bonnu (kol\u00ednsk\u00fdm arcibiskupem Walramem) a\u00a0do \u010cech se vr\u00e1til v\u00a0lednu 1347. Korunovace \u010desk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le se konala a\u017e 2.\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\u00a01347 (provedl ji zcela nov\u011b ustanoven\u00fd \u010desk\u00fd arcibiskup Arno\u0161t z\u00a0Pardubic).<\/p>\n\"5282672\"<\/a>\n

Karel\u00a0IV. v\u00a0mnoh\u00e9m na sv\u00e9ho otce t\u00e9\u017e pln\u011b navazoval (u\u00a0\u0159ady n\u00e1mi zkouman\u00fdch listin bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 nal\u00e9zt mnohdy velmi t\u011bsn\u00e9 souvislosti). M\u016f\u017eeme i\u00a0konstatovat, \u017ee rovn\u011b\u017e n\u00e1sledovn\u00edci tohoto v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9ho vlada\u0159e (V\u00e1clav\u00a0IV. i\u00a0Zikmund Lucembursk\u00fd) postupovali zcela obdobn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u201ekontinu\u00e1ln\u00edho\u201c zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed tehdej\u0161\u00edho platn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du (p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u00edsemn\u00e9ho zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch panovnick\u00fdch listin). Z\u00a0uveden\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f jsme se proto pokusili tento n\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek prezentovat pokud mo\u017eno komplexn\u011b\u00a0\u2013 tj.\u00a0v\u00a0cel\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m rozmez\u00ed vl\u00e1dy dynastie Lucemburk\u016f v\u00a0zem\u00edch Koruny \u010desk\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Vydan\u00e1 privilegia vymezuj\u00edc\u00ed labskou vodn\u00ed dopravu<\/h2>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed popisem pr\u00e1vn\u00edch vztah\u016f ke splavn\u00fdm vodn\u00edm tok\u016fm v\u00a0obdob\u00ed dynastie Lucemburk\u016f je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed uv\u00e9st krat\u0161\u00ed pozn\u00e1mku o\u00a0star\u0161\u00edch privilegi\u00edch upravuj\u00edc\u00edch uvedenou problematiku. Za ji\u017e pom\u011brn\u011b \u201ev\u011brohodnou\u201c (viz\u00a0t\u00e9\u017e Novotn\u00fd, 1913, s. 105\u2013106) lze ozna\u010dit rozs\u00e1hlou listinu (Friedrich, ed., 1907,\u00a0s. 53\u201360; Novotn\u00fd, 1913, s. 104; Erben, ed., 1855, s. 51\u201353; Blechov\u00e1\u00ad\u2011\u010celebi\u0107,\u00a0et\u00a0al., 2015, s. 7; Hrub\u00fd, 1936, s. 105\u2013108) kn\u00ed\u017eete Spytihn\u011bva\u00a0II.\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159i\u0159azovanou k\u00a0roku 1057. \u0160lo o\u00a0donaci sm\u011b\u0159ovanou k\u00a0tehdej\u0161\u00ed kapitule, kter\u00e1 byla zalo\u017eena p\u0159i (dnes ji\u017e nedochovan\u00e9) rom\u00e1nsk\u00e9 bazilice sv.\u00a0\u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na, vybudovan\u00e9 na dne\u0161n\u00edm D\u00f3msk\u00e9m n\u00e1vr\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0tehdej\u0161\u00edch administrativn\u011b, strategicky i\u00a0obchodn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch Litom\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch. Panovn\u00edk p\u00edsemn\u011b stanovil, \u017ee dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti labsk\u00e9ho cla1<\/sup> pat\u0159\u00ed probo\u0161tovi, t\u0159et\u00ed pak brat\u0159\u00edm (kanovn\u00edk\u016fm)\u00a0\u2013 to byl povinen odv\u00e1d\u011bt ka\u017ed\u00fd \u201ez\u00a0obyvatel t\u00e9to zem\u011b<\/em>\u201c (tj.\u00a0z\u00a0\u010cech), kter\u00fd dopravoval s\u016fl (z\u00a0M\u00ed\u0161n\u011b) \u010di t\u00e9\u017e jin\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed po vod\u011b (Kotyza, ed.\u00a0et\u00a0al., 1997, s. 99; Hubert, 1996, s. 15). Odli\u0161n\u00fd zp\u016fsob platby byl stanoven pro \u201ecizince\u201c. Postupn\u011b bylo v\u00a0Litom\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi panovnick\u00fdmi listinami t\u00e9\u017e vymezeno tzv.\u00a0\u201epr\u00e1vo skladu\u201c\u00a0\u2013 to stanovilo povinnost vykl\u00e1dat zbo\u017e\u00ed na vymezen\u00fdch m\u00edstech a\u00a0t\u00e9\u017e p\u0159edkupn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo litom\u011b\u0159ick\u00fdch m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016f (Hubert, 1996, s.\u00a015). Na \u00favod t\u00e9to d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti na\u0161eho p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed se t\u00e9\u017e zm\u00ednit o\u00a0tom, \u017ee prvn\u00ed (ji\u017e listinn\u011b dolo\u017een\u00e9) pr\u00e1vo na plavbu od P\u0159emysla Otakara\u00a0II. z\u00edskal M\u011bln\u00edk (Hubert, 1996, s.\u00a015). Panovn\u00edk povolil dov\u00e1\u017eet svobodn\u011b s\u016fl a\u00a0slane\u010dky k\u00a0tomuto m\u011bstu na celkem \u010dty\u0159ech lod\u00edch (\u010celakovsk\u00fd, ed., 1895, s. 59\u201361).<\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1l Jan Lucembursk\u00fd n\u00e1sledn\u011b potvrdil (s\u00a0ohledem na ji\u017e vydan\u00e1 privilegia) litom\u011b\u0159ick\u00fdm m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016fm (v\u00a0listin\u011b2<\/sup> s\u00a0datem 4.\u00a0kv\u011btna\u00a01325) jejich pr\u00e1va (tzv.\u00a0\u201esvobody\u201c), kter\u00e1 jim ud\u011blili p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00ed \u010de\u0161t\u00ed kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 (V\u00e1clav\u00a0I., P\u0159emysl Otakar\u00a0II. a\u00a0V\u00e1clav\u00a0II.). T\u00e9\u017e do\u0161lo k\u00a0op\u011btovn\u00e9mu p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsady (pr\u00e1va) na sklad zbo\u017e\u00ed dopravovan\u00e9ho po Labi (nap\u0159.\u00a0m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b skl\u00e1dali zbo\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0protilehl\u00fdch Lovosic\u00edch). \u010cten\u00e1\u0159e si dovol\u00edme sezn\u00e1mit jen s\u00a0velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm \u00faryvkem3<\/sup> (jak latinsk\u00fdm zn\u011bn\u00edm, tak i\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdm p\u0159ekladem) tohoto dokumentu (\u010celakovsk\u00fd, ed., 1895, s. 229):<\/p>\n

\u201eNos Johannes dei gracia Boemie et Polonie rex ac Lucemburgensis comes, ad vniuersorum noticiam volumus tenore4<\/sup> presencium deuenire\u2026 volentes, ut ipsi ciues juribus, libertatibus et consuetudinibus Maydeburgensibus, quibus ab antiquo freti sunt, frui inantea perpetuo debeant et gaudere, et ad eos per omnes et singulas ciuitates regni nostri Boemie, que eisdem utuntur juribus, super dubiis sentenciis diffiniendis debeat haberi recursus, sicut hactenus fieri est consuetum; quodque oneraciones et exoneraciones nauium, rerum quarumlibet in aqua ductibilium, eo iure, quo ad eos antiquis temporibus pertinuit et adhuc de iure pertinet, debeant inuiolabiles permanere. [My, Jan, z\u00a0Bo\u017e\u00ed milosti \u010desk\u00fd a\u00a0polsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l a\u00a0lucembursk\u00fd hrab\u011b, chceme, aby z\u00a0obsahu4<\/sup> (t\u00e9to p\u0159edkl\u00e1dan\u00e9 listiny) v\u0161em ve\u0161lo (toto) ve zn\u00e1most\u2026 chceme, aby samotn\u00ed m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvali pr\u00e1va, svobody a\u00a0zvyklosti magdebursk\u00e9, kter\u00e1 od prad\u00e1vna u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0t\u011b\u0161ili se z\u00a0nich\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0t\u00e9\u017e v\u0161echna i\u00a0jednotliv\u00e1 m\u011bsta na\u0161eho \u010cesk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, mohla se p\u0159i sporn\u00fdch rozsudc\u00edch odvol\u00e1vat (k\u00a0Litom\u011b\u0159ic\u00edm)\u00a0\u2013 tak jak toto bylo doposud zvykem\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0tak\u00e9, \u017ee m\u00e1 z\u016fstat neporu\u0161en\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo (povinnost) nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0vykl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed lod\u00ed (v\u00a0Litom\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch), kter\u00e9 vezou jak\u00e9koliv zbo\u017e\u00ed, vhodn\u00e9 k\u00a0p\u0159evozu po vod\u011b, podle pr\u00e1va, kter\u00e9 jim od prad\u00e1vna pat\u0159ilo a\u00a0doposud pat\u0159\u00ed (tzv.\u00a0\u201apr\u00e1va skladu\u2018).]\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Z\u00a0pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed doby se t\u00e9\u017e dochovala listina, s\u00a0datem 19.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjna\u00a01352 (\u010celakovsk\u00fd, ed., 1895, s.\u00a0477\u2013483), ve kter\u00e9 c\u00edsa\u0159 Karel\u00a0IV. rozhodl spor mezi litom\u011b\u0159ick\u00fdmi a\u00a0m\u011blnick\u00fdmi m\u011b\u0161\u0165any, kter\u00fd byl veden o\u00a0plavbu na Labi. Panovn\u00edk rozhodl tak, \u017ee m\u011blni\u010dt\u00ed mohli sm\u011brem dol\u016f vozit obil\u00ed na t\u0159ech lod\u00edch (rovn\u011b\u017e i\u00a0jin\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed), av\u0161ak p\u0159i cest\u011b zp\u011bt, kdy\u017e se pot\u00e9 plavili nahoru po Labi, mohly m\u00edt pouze dv\u011b z\u00a0nich n\u00e1klad soli\u00a0\u2013 na t\u0159et\u00ed pak bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 dopravovat jak\u00e9koliv zbo\u017e\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 krom\u011b soli. Plavidla m\u011blnick\u00fdch byla v\u00a0Litom\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch ozna\u010dov\u00e1na (\u201ecejchov\u00e1na\u201c)\u00a0\u2013 nebylo sice bezprost\u0159edn\u011b nutn\u00e9 tam \u201eskl\u00e1dat\u201c zbo\u017e\u00ed, povinnost platit clo v\u0161ak z\u016fstala (Hubert, 1996, s.\u00a017\u201318; Kili\u00e1n\u00a0et\u00a0al., 2010, s. 84). Dovol\u00edme si uv\u00e9st jen \u010d\u00e1st staro\u010desk\u00e9ho zn\u011bn\u00ed (jde o\u00a0pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159eklad5<\/sup> p\u016fvodn\u00edho latinsk\u00e9ho textu):<\/p>\n

\u201eMy Karel z\u00a0bo\u017eie milosti \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l po v\u0161e \u010dasy rozmno\u017eitel \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a\u00a0v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch kr\u00e1l\u2026 Tak\u00e9 chcem, aby ti z\u00a0M\u011bln\u00edka m\u011bli mieti t\u0159i lod\u011b v\u00a0takov\u00e9 mie\u0159e, aby oni s\u00a0t\u011bmi lod\u00edmi obil\u00e9 po Labi doluov, a\u00a0co\u017ekoliv\u011bk by m\u011bli jin\u00e9ho, vezli a\u00a0sob\u011b ty lod\u011b k\u00a0u\u017eitku p\u0159ivedli, jak\u017e by oni najl\u00e9pe vymysliti mohli. A\u00a0kdy\u017e by oni po Labi zas\u011b jeli, tehda, oni moh\u00fa t\u011bch t\u0159\u00ed lod\u00ed dv\u011b sol\u00ed aneb jin\u00fa k\u00fap\u00ed nakl\u00e1sti takov\u00e9, aby oni t\u0159et\u00ed lodi nalo\u017eili, \u010d\u00edm\u017e by mohli jin\u00fdm, krom\u011b soli; neb my mien\u00edme, nemohli\u00ad\u2011li by oni jin\u00e9 k\u00fap\u011b naj\u00edti, tehda oni maj\u00ed t\u0159etie lod\u011b otb\u00fdti anebo tu t\u0159et\u00ed pr\u00e1zdn\u00fa zas\u011b zhuoru po Labi v\u00e9zti, ne\u017e by suol na n\u011b vezli. Tak\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed ti z\u00a0M\u011bln\u00edka \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 lod\u011b doluov ani nahoru v\u00e9zti, le\u010d by prve od m\u011b\u0161\u0165an z\u00a0Lithom\u011b\u0159ic znamen\u00e1ny byly; jestli\u017ee by vezli neznamenan\u00fdmi lod\u00edmi, tehda maj\u00ed a\u00a0moh\u00fa j\u011b ti z\u00a0Lithom\u011b\u0159ic a\u00a0jich moc zdvihn\u00fati a\u00a0staviti, jako\u017e oby\u010dej a\u00a0pr\u00e1vo jest. Tak\u00e9 chcem, aby m\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 z\u00a0Lithom\u011b\u0159ic ji\u017e \u0159e\u010den\u00e9 lod\u011b znamenali vedle \u017e\u00e1dosti M\u011blnick\u00fdch prvn\u00ed den, kdy\u017e by k\u00a0Lithom\u011b\u0159ic\u00f3m p\u0159i\u0161li, aneb ihned druh\u00fd den potom, oni vezte shuory neb nahoru; a\u00a0jestli\u017ee by jin\u00e1 to cechov\u00e1nie j\u00edti nemohlo, to oni osaditi a\u00a0osv\u011bd\u010diti maj\u00ed lidmi dobr\u00fdmi, a\u00a0s\u00a0tiem jeti tu jiezdu, a\u00a0v\u00a0tu mieru oni maj\u00ed bezpe\u010dni b\u00fdti bez hyndrov\u00e1nie. Bylo\u00ad\u2011li by tak\u00e9, \u017ee by ti z\u00a0M\u011bln\u00edka pro velikost vody neb \u017ee by voda mal\u00e1 byla neb jinak pro nechv\u00edli ty lod\u011b v\u0161ecky anebo jich diel prodali aneb j\u011b zm\u011bniti cht\u011bli, tehda maj\u00ed jim Lithom\u011b\u0159i\u010dti ty nov\u00e9 lod\u011b op\u011bt znamenati, bu\u010fte mal\u00e9 neb velik\u00e9, a\u00a0s\u00a0t\u011bmi oni budu moci v\u00e9zti, jako\u017e pov\u011bdieno jest. Bylo\u00ad\u2011li by tak\u00e9, \u017ee by t\u011bm z\u00a0M\u011bln\u00edka ji\u017e dot\u010den\u00e9 t\u0159i lod\u011b nebo jich diel se\u0161ly, kdy\u017e by zas\u011b jely, aneb kterak zahynuly, \u017ee by oni toho kupectvie na t\u011bch lod\u00edch k\u00a0zemi nemohli p\u0159iv\u00e9zti, tehda moh\u00fa oni jin\u00e9 lod\u011b opat\u0159iti a\u00a0s\u00a0tiem zhuoru s\u011b v\u00e9zti takov\u011b, aby oni Lithom\u011b\u0159ick\u00fdm takov\u00fa p\u0159\u00edhod\u00fa v\u00a0tom zas\u011bvr\u00e1cen\u00ed ozn\u00e1mili a\u00a0toho cejchov\u00e1nie t\u011bch nov\u00fdch lod\u00ed na nich \u017e\u00e1dali, ty oni jim bez odml\u00fav\u00e1nie znamenati maj\u00ed, jako\u017e prve dot\u010deno jest. Potom ti z\u00a0M\u011bln\u00edka maj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dati Lithom\u011b\u0159ick\u00fdch m\u011b\u0161\u0165an, aby skladu pr\u00e1zdni byli zhuoru neb doluov vez\u00fac s\u00a0ji\u017e \u0159e\u010den\u00fdmi t\u0159mi lod\u00edmi v\u0161elikterak, jako\u017e dot\u010deno jest; ale clo jich d\u00e1ti maj\u00ed na t\u011bch miestecb, kde\u017eto z\u00a0pr\u00e1va povinni js\u00fa.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Doprava d\u0159eva po vod\u011b a\u00a0jeho prodej<\/h2>\n

Jako velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00fd dokument lze ozna\u010dit listinu kr\u00e1le Jana Lucembursk\u00e9ho z\u00a0roku 1316, ve kter\u00e9 tento panovn\u00edk pr\u00e1vn\u011b vymezil prodej d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed v\u00a0Podskal\u00ed (\u010celakovsk\u00fd, ed., 1886, s.\u00a022\u201325; Z\u00edbrt, 1910, s.\u00a05\u20136; Holec, 1971, s.\u00a011). M\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016fm Star\u00e9ho M\u011bsta (pra\u017esk\u00e9ho) ud\u011blil tu v\u00fdsadu, \u017ee plavec (\u201evora\u0159\u201c), kter\u00fd p\u0159iplul se stavebn\u00edm d\u0159\u00edv\u00edm, je nesm\u011bl prvn\u00ed t\u0159i dni po sv\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edjezdu nikomu z\u00a0Podskal\u00ed prodat. Musel je nab\u00eddnout pouze pra\u017esk\u00e9mu m\u011b\u0161\u0165anovi. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se nesm\u011bl ani m\u011b\u0161\u0165an, ani obyvatel z\u00a0Podskal\u00ed pokusit j\u00edt vst\u0159\u00edc k\u00a0plavc\u016fm (\u201evora\u0159\u016fm\u201c\u00a0\u2013 ve sm\u011bru proti proudu Vltavy \u010di M\u017ee6<\/sup> \/nyn\u00ed Berounky\/) a\u00a0koupit od nich d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e by p\u0159ist\u00e1li v\u00a0Praze. Obdobn\u011b tomu bylo u\u00a0palivov\u00e9ho d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed. To se nesm\u011blo prod\u00e1vat \u201ena vod\u011b\u201c (pokud bylo je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0\u0159ece)\u00a0\u2013 povolen byl prodej a\u017e po jeho vyta\u017een\u00ed na b\u0159eh. Dovol\u00edme si uv\u00e9st jen vybranou \u010d\u00e1st staro\u010desk\u00e9ho zn\u011bn\u00ed (pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho p\u0159ekladu p\u016fvodn\u00edho latinsk\u00e9ho textu):<\/p>\n

\u201e\u2026 Kter\u00fd\u017e by koli prameny7<\/sup> d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed jeden neb jich v\u00edceji po \u0159ece Vltav\u011b p\u0159iplavil a\u00a0v\u00a0Podskal\u00ed je p\u0159istavil, aby s\u00a0takov\u00fdmi prameny za t\u0159i dni po\u0159\u00e1d zb\u011bhl\u00fd ode dne p\u0159istaven\u00ed jich po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00edc tu st\u00e1l, a\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu z\u00a0Podskal\u00ed takov\u00e9ho d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed aby neprod\u00e1val, ne\u017e m\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ednu aneb m\u011bs\u0165anuom p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9ho m\u011bsta na\u0161eho. A\u00a0kdy\u017eby ti t\u0159i dni pominuli a\u00a0vy\u0161li, bud\u00fa moci podskal\u0161t\u00ed takov\u00e1 d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed koupiti, a\u00a0tak koupen\u00e1 za dva dni po\u0159\u00e1d zb\u011bhl\u00e1 bezpe\u010dn\u011b sob\u011b opat\u0159iti a\u00a0je jm\u00edti. A\u00a0hned po t\u011bch dvou dnech den nastal\u00fd p\u0159ed polednem, budeli to moci bejti, takov\u00e1 d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed z\u00a0vody vyt\u00e1hn\u00fati a\u00a0prodati bud\u00fa moci komu\u017ekoli za slu\u0161n\u00e9 pen\u00edze. T\u00e9\u017e tak\u00e9 ustanovujem, cht\u00edce i\u00a0tomu, aby ode v\u0161ech na v\u011b\u010dnost skute\u010dn\u011b zachov\u00e1v\u00e1no bylo, aby \u017e\u00e1dnej z\u00a0m\u011b\u0161tan, ani z\u00a0podskalsk\u00fdch, ani jinej \u017e\u00e1dnej, kdo\u017e pak koli, proti ni\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu, kdo\u017e by pramen neb prameny d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed po \u0159ece Vltav\u011b, nebo M\u017ei8<\/sup> plavil, za p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00fa kupov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed nevych\u00e1zel, a\u00a0neb na jedn\u00e9 z\u00a0t\u011bch dvou \u0159ek\u00e1ch, prv\u00e9 ne\u017eliby ten plavec s\u00a0t\u00edm d\u0159\u00edv\u00edm k\u00a0b\u0159ehu p\u0159istavil, kupovati nesm\u011bl, aneb se o\u00a0to nepokou\u0161el, ale v\u00a0lese9<\/sup> d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed sekati aneb sekan\u00e9 kupovati jeden ka\u017ed\u00fd muo\u017e a\u00a0jemu se propou\u0161t\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 ustanovujem a\u00a0to t\u00e9\u017e, aby ode v\u0161ech bez prom\u011bny zachov\u00e1v\u00e1no bylo, chceme, aby naprosto \u017e\u00e1dnej v\u00a0Podskal\u00ed aneb u\u00a0svat\u00e9ho Valent\u00edna d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed ku palivu spuosobn\u00e1 na vod\u011b prod\u00e1vati aneb kupovati nemohl, jedn\u00e9 le\u010d by prv\u00e9 z\u00a0vody vyvezena a\u00a0na b\u0159eh vyta\u017eena byla, a\u00a0to pod pokutou ztracen\u00ed toho d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, kdo\u017e by koli proti p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdm10<\/sup> rozkazuom na\u0161im toho \u010deho se dopustil, a\u00a0prod\u00e1vati neb kupovati sm\u011bl. Neb to v\u0161eckno co\u017e v\u00fd\u0161 polo\u017eeno jest, chceme aby ode v\u0161ech, na n\u011b\u017e se vztahuje, ustavi\u010dn\u011b zachov\u00e1no bylo.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed listina t\u00e9ho\u017e \u010desk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le z\u00a0roku 1325 pak potvrdila Star\u00e9mu M\u011bstu pr\u00e1vo na sklad v\u00a0Podskal\u00ed (\u010celakovsk\u00fd, ed., 1886, s. 28\u201329). Ka\u017ed\u00fd plavec byl v\u017edy povinen vyt\u00e1hnout kmeny na b\u0159eh (viz\u00a0t\u00e9\u017e Ji\u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd, 1870, s. 71\u201372).<\/p>\n

Splavnou byla i\u00a0\u0159eka Oh\u0159e\u00a0\u2013 jako zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 lze ozna\u010dit privilegia vydan\u00e1 jak kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9mu m\u011bstu \u017datci (1335), tak i\u00a0kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9mu m\u011bstu Louny (1341), kter\u00e1 osvobozovala p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 m\u011b\u0161\u0165any (pokud by se plavili s\u00a0vory) od cla vyb\u00edran\u00e9ho na tomto v\u00fdznamn\u00e9m vodn\u00edm toku (\u010celakovsk\u00fd, ed., 1895, s. 299\u2013300, s. 353\u2013354;\u00a0Holod\u0148\u00e1k, ed. a\u00a0Ebelov\u00e1, ed., 2004, s. 125; Roedl, ed., 2005, s. 71). Existuje i\u00a0zm\u00ednka o\u00a0plaven\u00ed d\u0159eva po \u0159ece Labi obsa\u017een\u00e1 v\u00a0listin\u011b Karla\u00a0IV. z\u00a0roku 1375 (\u010celakovsk\u00fd, J.,\u00a0ed., 1895, s. 299\u2013300, s. 686\u2013687). Panovn\u00edk na\u0159\u00eddil rycht\u00e1\u0159i a\u00a0kon\u0161el\u016fm m\u011bsta Kol\u00edna nad Labem prov\u00e9st nezbytn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla p\u0159im\u011bt opata Sedleck\u00e9ho kl\u00e1\u0161tera k\u00a0tomu, aby nad\u00e1le neomezoval svobodn\u00e9 plaven\u00ed d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed po Labi. Pokud by opat neuposlechl, pak mohli kol\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 nechat d\u00e1t odstranit zabra\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed vodn\u00ed d\u00edla\u00a0\u2013 z\u00a0pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed panovn\u00edka pln\u011b na n\u00e1klad zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho kl\u00e1\u0161tera. Uvedeme jen vybranou \u010d\u00e1st staro\u010desk\u00e9ho zn\u011bn\u00ed (pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho p\u0159ekladu p\u016fvodn\u00edho latinsk\u00e9ho textu):<\/p>\n

\u201e\u2026 Pon\u011bvad\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e1 m\u011bsta kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed na\u0161eho \u010desk\u00e9ho velik\u00e1 od nedostatku d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed nebezpe\u010denstv\u00ed sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed, \u017ee jim na Labi pro mnoh\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky tu \u010din\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edhodn\u011b p\u0159iplavovati nemohou, proto\u017e k\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed povinnosti to p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161\u00ed v\u0161elijak cht\u011bj\u00edce, aby\u0161te n\u00e1bo\u017en\u00e9 oppata a\u00a0konvent kl\u00e1\u0161tera sedlick\u00e9ho, n\u00e1bo\u017en\u00e9 na\u0161e, k\u00a0tomu jm\u00e9nem na\u0161\u00edm spraviti, p\u0159idr\u017eeti a\u00a0p\u0159iv\u00e9sti povinni byli, aby oni na sv\u00e9m Labi, jako\u017e se prav\u00ed jm\u00edti, sv\u00fdm \u010dasem pro dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, toti\u017eto vzd\u011blaj\u00edce vrata, kter\u00e9\u017e se oby\u010dejn\u011b flutrynnen11<\/sup> jmenuj\u00ed, v\u0161ecky p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky zbo\u0159ili, aby m\u011bsta na\u0161e dot\u010den\u00e1 nedostatku d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed od tohoto \u010dasu nebyla takov\u00fdm nebezpe\u010denstv\u00edm podd\u00e1na. Kdyby se pak p\u0159ihodilo, \u017ee by t\u00ed\u017e oppat a\u00a0konvent v\u00a0tom odbojni a\u00a0neposlu\u0161ni se nalezli, porou\u010d\u00edme v\u00e1m t\u00edmto listem a\u00a0p\u0159ikazujeme do konce takov\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky skrze v\u00e1s p\u0159etrhnouti a\u00a0na \u0161kodu a\u00a0n\u00e1klad p\u0159ed\u0159e\u010den\u00fdch oppata a\u00a0konventu napraviti, a\u00a0jak by toho pot\u0159eba byla, \u010diniti.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1v\u011br t\u00e9to d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti na\u0161eho p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se zm\u00edn\u00edme op\u011bt o\u00a0Vltav\u011b. Za velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00fd dokument lze ozna\u010dit pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed listinu V\u00e1clava\u00a0IV. z\u00a0roku 1400, kter\u00e1 mj.\u00a0vymezila zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed vodn\u00edho cla pod hradem Orl\u00edkem (Kalousek, 1896, s.\u00a0291).<\/p>\n

Vodn\u00ed ml\u00fdny a\u00a0jezy<\/h2>\n

V\u00fdznamnou \u010deskou instituc\u00ed jak ve vrcholn\u00e9m12<\/sup> a\u00a0pozdn\u00edm st\u0159edov\u011bku, tak i\u00a0v\u00a0ran\u00e9m novov\u011bku byli tzv.\u00a0p\u0159\u00edse\u017en\u00ed zem\u0161t\u00ed mlyn\u00e1\u0159i. S\u00a0ohledem na jejich ustanoven\u00ed nelze opominout (latinsky psanou) listinu markrab\u011bte Karla13<\/sup> (pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho \u010desk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le a\u00a0\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e Karla\u00a0IV.) z\u00a019.\u00a0kv\u011btna\u00a01340 (P\u00e1tkov\u00e1, ed., 2011, s.\u00a0346). Zde bylo zcela nov\u011b zformulov\u00e1no, \u017ee v\u0161em mlyn\u00e1\u0159\u016fm podl\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00edm pravomoci Star\u00e9ho M\u011bsta mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ur\u010dena pevn\u00e1 a\u00a0nem\u011bnn\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka jez\u016f (nikdo ji\u017e nem\u011bl omezovat dal\u0161\u00edho opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele p\u0159i vyu\u017eit\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve existuj\u00edc\u00edho a\u00a0vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho energetick\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu \u0159eky). Uvedeme pouze dva krat\u0161\u00ed \u00faryvky z\u00a0t\u00e9to listiny14<\/sup>:<\/p>\n

\u201e\u2026 Plene15<\/sup> sumus fidedignorum16<\/sup> testimonio17<\/sup> informati, qualiter cives18<\/sup> vestre dicte19<\/sup> civitatis molendina tenentes20<\/sup> defectus et dampna21<\/sup> pluries22<\/sup> sint perpessi23<\/sup> pro eo, quod ipsa vestra civitas Pragensis nullam determinatam24<\/sup> hucusque25<\/sup> habebat mensuram, per quam unum molendinum vestre civitatis sine dispendio26<\/sup> alterius molendini debebat27<\/sup> et poterat debito modo28<\/sup> et proporcionabiliter elevari. [Byli jsme d\u016fkladn\u011b sezn\u00e1meni s\u00a0argumenty v\u00e1\u017een\u00fdch kon\u0161el\u016f (p\u0159\u00edse\u017en\u00fdch)\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0to jak ti m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed v\u00a0dr\u017eb\u011b ml\u00fdny, mus\u00ed \u010dasto sn\u00e1\u0161et (trp\u011bt) nesn\u00e1ze i\u00a0\u0161kody z\u00a0toho d\u016fvodu, \u017ee\u00a0va\u0161e m\u011bsto Praha nem\u00e1 doposud \u017e\u00e1dnou m\u00edru, podle kter\u00e9 by p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd ml\u00fdn va\u0161eho m\u011bsta bez \u00fajmy na druh\u00e9m ml\u00fdnu m\u011bl povinnost\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0t\u00e9\u017e mohl\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it (jezem) hladinu (\u0159eky).]\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\"57079550\"<\/a>\n

Na v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 zn\u011bn\u00ed navazuje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed latinsk\u00fd text:<\/p>\n

\u201eNos, cupientes29<\/sup> vestre civitati super30<\/sup> huiusmodi31<\/sup> defectibus32<\/sup> salubriter33<\/sup> providere34<\/sup>, vobis iudici35<\/sup> et consulibus36<\/sup> dicte37<\/sup> Maioris Civitatis Pragensis, fidelibus38<\/sup> paternis39<\/sup> et nostris dilectis40<\/sup>, seriose41<\/sup> mandamus42<\/sup>, omnino43<\/sup> volentes nostre gracie44<\/sup> sub obtentu45<\/sup>, quatenus46<\/sup> freti47<\/sup> regia48<\/sup> ac nostra auctoritate49<\/sup> unam mensuram communem50<\/sup> et medium51<\/sup> invenire52<\/sup> sine dilacione53<\/sup> qualibet debeatis, secundum quam tam divitibus quam pauperibus, tam superiora quam inferiora molendina tenentibus, equa iusticia54<\/sup> secundum fidem55<\/sup> vestram impendatur56<\/sup> iuxta57<\/sup> statum et condicionem cuiuslibet molendini, volentes omnino43<\/sup>, ut transgressoribus eiusdem regie48<\/sup>, nostre et vestre ordinacionis et statuti statim certam et gravem penam absque remissione qualibet infligere debeatis. [P\u0159ejeme si, ku prosp\u011bchu va\u0161eho m\u011bsta, s\u00a0ohledem na dan\u00e9 nedostatky, postarat se o\u00a0(jejich) prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 odstran\u011bn\u00ed;\u00a0\u2013 (proto) v\u00e1m, rycht\u00e1\u0159ovi a\u00a0kon\u0161el\u016fm (p\u0159\u00edse\u017en\u00fdm), v\u00fd\u0161e (ji\u017e) zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho (v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho) Star\u00e9ho M\u011bsta (pra\u017esk\u00e9ho), oddan\u00fdm, (zde) rodil\u00fdm a\u00a0N\u00e1m drah\u00fdm, s\u00a0v\u00e1\u017enost\u00ed p\u0159ikazujeme\u00a0\u2013 zcela i\u00a0to z\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed milosti chceme, s\u00a0ohledem na spolehlivost na\u0161\u00ed moci kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9\u00a0\u2013 abyste m\u011bli povinnost jak\u00fdmkoliv zp\u016fsobem bezodkladn\u011b stanovit jednu ve\u0159ejn\u011b platnou spole\u010dnou m\u00edru58<\/sup>, kterou budou dodr\u017eovat jak bohat\u00ed, tak chud\u00ed a\u00a0ml\u00fdny jak v\u00fd\u0161e, tak n\u00ed\u017ee polo\u017een\u00e9,\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0tomu se podle spravedliv\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va poctiv\u011b (sv\u011bdomit\u011b) v\u011bnovali, podle stavu a\u00a0podm\u00ednek jak\u00e9hokoliv ml\u00fdna, cht\u011bj\u00edce t\u00e9\u017e zcela, aby p\u0159estupn\u00edci uveden\u00e9 na\u0161\u00ed kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 moci a\u00a0va\u0161ich na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0ustanoven\u00ed byli jednozna\u010dn\u011b a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b potrest\u00e1ni bez jak\u00e9hokoliv prominut\u00ed trestu.]\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Nedlouho pot\u00e9 byla vyd\u00e1na i\u00a0listina kr\u00e1le Jana Lucembursk\u00e9ho (ji\u017e psan\u00e1 ve st\u0159edohornon\u011bm\u010din\u011b), ze dne 23.\u00a0prosince\u00a01340, potvrzuj\u00edc\u00ed rycht\u00e1\u0159i a\u00a0kon\u0161el\u016fm Star\u00e9ho M\u011bsta zcela ned\u00e1vno vydan\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed dokument jeho syna (P\u00e1tkov\u00e1,\u00a0ed., 2011, s.\u00a0345\u2013346; \u010celakovsk\u00fd, ed., 1886, s.\u00a060\u201362). Z\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u00edho dozoru p\u0159\u00edse\u017en\u00fdch mlyn\u00e1\u0159\u016f nad pra\u017esk\u00fdmi ml\u00fdny a\u00a0jezy se kompetence postupn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila na Vltavu jak pod Prahou, tak nad n\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 mnohem pozd\u011bji pak na p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017enou \u010d\u00e1st vodn\u00edch tok\u016f v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch. Uvedeme jen krat\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st z\u00a0t\u00e9to listiny:<\/p>\n

\u201eWir Johannes von gotes genaden chvnik59<\/sup> ze60<\/sup> Behem vnd graf ze60<\/sup> Luczelburg tuen chunt61<\/sup> offenleich62<\/sup> an63<\/sup> disem brief64<\/sup>, das vuer65<\/sup> vns sint66<\/sup> chomen67<\/sup> vnser lieben getrewen68<\/sup> richter69<\/sup> vnd scheppfen70<\/sup> vnser stat ze60<\/sup> Prag, den71<\/sup> si durch72<\/sup> gemainen73<\/sup> nucz74<\/sup> habent lazzen75<\/sup> schreiben, als wir oft geboten haben, das man das solt haben getan, vnd der brief64<\/sup> loutet von wort zu wort also: [My, Jan, z\u00a0Bo\u017e\u00ed milosti \u010desk\u00fd a\u00a0polsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l a\u00a0lucembursk\u00fd hrab\u011b (hrab\u011b v\u00a0Lucembursku), d\u00e1v\u00e1me touto listinou ve\u0159ejn\u011b toto na v\u011bdomost, proto\u017ee za n\u00e1mi p\u0159i\u0161li na\u0161i mil\u00ed v\u011brn\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 rycht\u00e1\u0159 a\u00a0kon\u0161el\u00e9 (p\u0159\u00edse\u017en\u00ed, \u201akmeti\u2018) na\u0161eho m\u011bsta (tj.\u00a0Star\u00e9ho M\u011bsta) v\u00a0Praze, kte\u0159\u00ed se kv\u016fli obecn\u00edmu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed (tj.\u00a0vody) usnesli napsat\u00a0\u2013 (t\u00e9\u017e) proto\u017ee jsme byli \u010dasto \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1ni, \u017ee je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed n\u011bco u\u010dinit. Tento dopis (listina) m\u00e1, doslovn\u011b (slovo od slova), toto zn\u011bn\u00ed:]\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eWir Wenczlab genant76<\/sup> Rokczaner77<\/sup> richter69<\/sup>, Meinhart hern Wolframs78<\/sup> svn79<\/sup>, Wenczlab hern Albrechts80 svn79<\/sup>, Nyclas Rost81<\/sup>, Peschyl Neumburger82<\/sup>, Elbel Waczinger83<\/sup>, Mertil hern Mathes svn79<\/sup> von Eger84<\/sup>, Wolfel von dem Stein85<\/sup>, Thomas der Swarcz genant86<\/sup>, Jaksch Payer87<\/sup>, Meynel Rokczaner88<\/sup> vnd Vla hern Johans89<\/sup> gewantsneiders90<\/sup> suen91<\/sup>, gesworn92<\/sup> purger93<\/sup> der stat ze60<\/sup> Prag bechennen94<\/sup> vnd tuen chunt61<\/sup> offenlich62<\/sup> an63<\/sup> diesem prief95<\/sup>, das wir gesehen vnd geprueft96<\/sup> haben, das di selbe vnser stat grozzen gebrechen97<\/sup> leidet98<\/sup> vnd geliden hat von sulchen sachen, das alle dye mvelen, dye vmb99<\/sup> di stat gelegen sein, von der obersten vncz an63<\/sup> dye nidersten, nieren100<\/sup> ein maz101<\/sup> haben oder ein gemezzen recht, dor102<\/sup> an63<\/sup> in103<\/sup> genugen schul104<\/sup> vnd dor102<\/sup> vber nyemant greiffen105<\/sup> geturre106<\/sup>, vnd das dem armen als vol107<\/sup> vueg108<\/sup> als dem reichen, vnd nach dem ein iglich109<\/sup> man gepowen110<\/sup> mueg auf das seyn alles, das er recht hat. [My, Wenczlab (V\u00e1clav, Wenzel) naz\u00fdvan\u00fd Rokycansk\u00fd, rycht\u00e1\u0159, Meinhart (Menhart),\u00a0syn Woframa (Olbrama), Wenczlab (V\u00e1clav, Wenzel), syn Albrecht\u016fv, Nyclas (Nikolaus, Mikul\u00e1\u0161) Rost, Peschyl (Peschel) z\u00a0Nymburka, Elbel Waczinger, Mertil (Martin), syn (Maty\u00e1\u0161e\u00a0\u2013 Matou\u0161e \/Matthiase\/) z\u00a0Chebu, Wolfel (Wolff, Wolflin) von Stein, Thomas (Tom\u00e1\u0161) Swarcz (Schwarz \/naz\u00fdvan\u00fd \u010cern\u00fd\/), Jaksch Payer (Bayer \/Bavor\/), Meynel (Meinlin) Rokycansk\u00fd a\u00a0Ula (Ulrich \/Old\u0159ich\/), syn (Johanna \/Jana\/), kraje\u010de suken, p\u0159\u00edse\u017en\u00ed m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 m\u011bsta (tj.\u00a0Star\u00e9ho M\u011bsta) v\u00a0Praze, jsme seznali a\u00a0d\u00e1v\u00e1me touto listinou ve\u0159ejn\u011b na v\u011bdomost, \u017ee jsme shledali a\u00a0prozkoumali, \u017ee to sam\u00e9 na\u0161e m\u011bsto trp\u00ed i\u00a0trp\u011blo zna\u010dn\u011b nedobr\u00fdm stavem na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti, \u017ee v\u0161echny ml\u00fdny, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v\u00a0okol\u00ed m\u011bsta, jak ty nejn\u00ed\u017ee, tak ty nejv\u00fd\u0161e polo\u017een\u00e9, nikde nemaj\u00ed m\u00edru (ur\u010denou v\u00fd\u0161ku jezu) \u010di stanoven\u00e9 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed, tak\u017ee to pln\u011b zp\u016fsobuje zna\u010dn\u00e9 (finan\u010dn\u00ed) ztr\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 nen\u00ed schopen nikdo un\u00e9st\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0to jak bohat\u00fdm, tak i\u00a0chud\u00fdm\u00a0\u2013 proto\u017ee kdokoliv (toti\u017e) m\u016f\u017ee v\u0161e (tj.\u00a0p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jez) postavit podle sv\u00e9ho (s\u00a0t\u00edm), \u017ee m\u00e1 na to pr\u00e1vo.]\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

S\u00a0ohledem na vym\u011b\u0159en\u00fd rozsah \u010dl\u00e1nku se jen ve stru\u010dnosti zm\u00edn\u00edme o\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti t\u00e9to listiny. V\u00a0n\u00ed bylo stanoveno, \u017ee m\u00e1 b\u00fdt celkem zvoleno osm p\u0159\u00edse\u017en\u00fdch osob, kter\u00e9 by n\u00e1sledn\u011b m\u011bly povinnost vym\u011b\u0159it jednotliv\u00fdm ml\u00fdn\u016fm z\u00e1vaznou \u201em\u00edru\u201c (tj.\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161ku jez\u016f). Jejich jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo d\u00e1no na z\u00e1klad\u011b jednozna\u010dn\u011b stanoven\u00e9ho pravidla\u00a0\u2013 \u010dty\u0159i \u010dlenov\u00e9 se vyb\u00edrali z\u00a0cel\u00e9ho souboru jak kon\u0161el\u016f, tak ostatn\u00edch m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016f\u00a0\u2013 \u010dty\u0159i pak byli dopl\u0148ov\u00e1ni z\u00a0\u0159ad pra\u017esk\u00fdch mlyn\u00e1\u0159\u016f (pokud s\u00a0t\u00edm ov\u0161em tito souhlasili). Osmi\u010dlenn\u00fd sbor musel n\u00e1sledn\u011b v\u017edy povinn\u011b slo\u017eit p\u0159edem ur\u010denou p\u0159\u00edsahu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo p\u0159estoupil stanovenou m\u00edru (v\u00fd\u0161ku), byl kon\u0161ely pen\u011b\u017en\u011b potrest\u00e1n111<\/sup> (v\u017edy na z\u00e1klad\u011b posudku uveden\u00fdch \/bylo by mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee ji\u017e vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch\/ p\u0159\u00edse\u017en\u00fdch znalc\u016f). V\u00fd\u0161e pokuty se pak v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161ovala p\u0159i opakovan\u00e9m nedodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed dan\u00e9ho rozhodnut\u00ed112<\/sup>. Mnohem pozd\u011bji (a\u017e v\u00a0roce 1454) byli do sboru za\u010dlen\u011bni i\u00a0n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mlyn\u00e1\u0159i mimopra\u017e\u0161t\u00ed. V\u00a0roce 1479 jich bylo ji\u017e dvan\u00e1ct (osm z\u00a0Prahy). P\u0159\u00edse\u017en\u00ed zem\u0161t\u00ed mlyn\u00e1\u0159i pak pot\u00e9 mohli (ji\u017e sami) ukl\u00e1dat pokuty\u00a0\u2013 z\u00edskan\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky n\u00e1sledn\u011b sm\u011b\u0159ovaly do kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 pokladny (Klempera, 2000, s. 10\u201311). Sami si (pro svou pot\u0159ebu) stanovili rovn\u011b\u017e platn\u00e1 technick\u00e1 pravidla nezbytn\u00e1 k\u00a0posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ky jez\u016f, prah\u016f a\u00a0stavidel a\u00a0osazov\u00e1n\u00ed tzv.\u00a0norm\u00e1lov\u00fdch k\u016fl\u016f (cejch\u016f \/slou\u017e\u00edc\u00edch ke kontrole dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ky hladin v\u00a0jezov\u00fdch zdr\u017e\u00edch\/) tak, aby v\u00fd\u0161e polo\u017een\u00e9 ml\u00fdny nebyly p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b omezov\u00e1ny p\u0159i vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jim p\u0159in\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00edho energetick\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu posuzovan\u00e9ho vodn\u00edho toku (Hons, 1961, s.\u00a016).<\/p>\n\"55161789\"<\/a>\n

\u010cesk\u00fd kr\u00e1l a\u00a0\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 Karel\u00a0IV. rovn\u011b\u017e vydal v\u00a0roce 1366 zaj\u00edmavou listinu, ve kter\u00e9 stanovil (s\u00a0ohledem na ochranu obchodu v\u00a0Praze), \u017ee na Vltav\u011b maj\u00ed b\u00fdt jezy vystav\u011bny tak, aby byl v\u017edy zaru\u010den svobodn\u00fd pr\u016fchod pro vory a\u00a0lod\u011b (\u201evrata \u0161irok\u00e1 dvacet pra\u017esk\u00fdch lokt\u016f\u201c<\/em>). D\u00e1le m\u011bla b\u00fdt ve\u0161ker\u00e1 cla (kter\u00e1 byla d\u0159\u00edve mnohdy libovoln\u011b stanovov\u00e1na) zru\u0161ena \u010di omezena. Pouze se m\u011bl vyb\u00edrat poplatek (mj.\u00a0v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0Karlov\u00fdm mostem \/\u201ePra\u017esk\u00fdm mostem\u201c\/) na v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edvozech t\u0159i m\u00edle pod Prahou a\u00a0nad n\u00ed (\u201eve v\u00fd\u0161i od nepam\u011bti stanoven\u00e9\u201c<\/em>). Podobn\u011b se m\u011bla upravit cla i\u00a0na M\u017ei113<\/sup> (nyn\u00ed naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 Berounkou), Lu\u017eici a\u00a0Otav\u011b. P\u0159i sporech p\u0159in\u00e1le\u017eela soudn\u00ed pravomoc v\u00fdhradn\u011b kon\u0161el\u016fm Star\u00e9ho M\u011bsta (\u010celakovsk\u00fd, ed., 1886, s.\u00a0134\u2013142; Z\u00edbrt, 1910, s. 8). Uv\u00e1d\u00edme jen vybran\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti staro\u010desk\u00e9ho zn\u011bn\u00ed (pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho p\u0159ekladu114<\/sup> p\u016fvodn\u00edho st\u0159edohornon\u011bmeck\u00e9ho textu):<\/p>\n

\u201eMy Karel z\u00a0bo\u017e\u00ed milosti \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159, po v\u0161ecky \u010dasy rozmno\u017eitel \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a\u00a0\u010desk\u00fd kr\u00e1l115<\/sup>, zn\u00e1mo \u010din\u00edme t\u00edmto listem v\u0161em vuobec\u2026 t\u00e9\u017e i\u00a0my to v\u00a0skutku jsme uznali, kterak p\u0159ed mnoha l\u00e9thy a\u00a0slavn\u00e9 pam\u011bti vysoce urozen\u00fdm V\u00e1clavem prvn\u00edm n\u011bkdy kr\u00e1lem \u010desk\u00fdm, p\u0159edkem na\u0161\u00edm, i\u00a0za jeho \u010dasuov v\u0161ecka a\u00a0v\u0161elijak\u00e1 kupectv\u00ed, jak\u00e1 pak koli aneb kter\u00fdm koli jmenem ta vlastn\u011b jmenov\u00e1na b\u00fdti by mohla, z\u00a0m\u011bsta na\u0161eho Bud\u011bjovic po vod\u011b, jen\u017e Vltava slove, do nap\u0159ed psan\u00e9ho na\u0161eho i\u00a0kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed na\u0161eho v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta pra\u017esk\u00e9ho svobodn\u011b bez v\u0161elijak\u00fdch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek plavena a\u00a0odtud tak\u00e9 do jin\u00fdch m\u011bst ji\u017e jmenovan\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed na\u0161eho \u010desk\u00e9ho i\u00a0tak\u00e9 do v\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b ku pot\u0159eb\u00e1m a\u00a0po\u017eitku v\u0161em v\u011brn\u00fdm a\u00a0poddan\u00fdm na\u0161im mil\u00fdm dod\u00e1v\u00e1na jsou byla. I\u00a0jsme o\u00a0tom od nich spraveni, \u017ee takov\u00e9 svobod\u011b skrze n\u011bkder\u00e9 p\u00e1ny v\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161 psan\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed na\u0161em \u010desk\u00e9m p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eka k\u00a0velik\u00e9 \u0161kod\u011b v\u0161\u00ed zemi a\u00a0obyvateluom v\u00a0n\u00ed a\u00a0to za p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou vymy\u0161len\u00fdch a\u00a0v\u00a0nov\u011b usazen\u00fdch cel, t\u00e9\u017e pro vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch jezuov se d\u011bje, tak \u017ee p\u0159eddot\u010den\u00e1 kupectv\u00ed a\u00a0jmenovit\u011b d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, kter\u00e9\u017e ku Praze plaveno b\u00fdv\u00e1, na ubl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u0161em vuobec s\u00a0velik\u00fa t\u011b\u017ekost\u00ed se zdr\u017euje, n\u00e1s pokorn\u011b a\u00a0pon\u00ed\u017een\u011b pros\u00edce, abychom je p\u0159ed takov\u00fdmi jich velik\u00fdmi a\u00a0z\u00e1hubn\u00fdmi zt\u00ed\u017enostmi milostiv\u011b opat\u0159iti r\u00e1\u010dili. I\u00a0vzhled\u0161e\u2026 p\u0159ikazujeme: najprv\u00e9, aby p\u0159i v\u0161ech jez\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed\u017e na Vltav\u011b jsou, \u010d\u00ed\u017e by ti koliv\u011bk byli, to tak opat\u0159eno bylo, aby v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fdm jezu vrata \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed dvadc\u00edti loktuov pra\u017esk\u00fdch ud\u011bl\u00e1na byla, tak aby skrze takov\u00e9 v\u0161ecky vrata Vltava rovn\u00fd a\u00a0svobodn\u00fd tok anebo sp\u00e1d m\u00edti mohla a\u00a0toho se pot\u0159eb\u00ed ob\u00e1vati nebylo, aby kupectv\u00ed, kdyby zhuory doluov padalo, pokaziti se m\u011blo. T\u00e9\u017e m\u00edn\u00edme a\u00a0chceme, aby to hned bez prodl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0odporu v\u0161elik\u00e9ho p\u0159edse vzato bylo. D\u00e1le chceme, ustanovujem a\u00a0pod pokutami n\u00ed\u017ee psan\u00fdmi p\u0159ikazujem, aby ta v\u0161ecka cla, kter\u00e1\u017e na Vltav\u011b po \u010dasu p\u0159edjmenovan\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le V\u00e1clava, p\u0159edka na\u0161eho, usazena jsou, kone\u010dn\u011b slo\u017eena byla a\u00a0ni\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd t\u00fdch\u017e cel d\u00e1vati povinen nebyl, neb my je moc\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fa v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch s\u00a0dobr\u00fdm v\u011bdom\u00edm zdvih\u00e1me, ru\u0161\u00edme a\u00a0v\u00a0nic obracujeme, vymie\u0148uj\u00edce v\u0161ak n\u00ed\u017ee psan\u00e1 cla v\u00a0Hlubok\u00e9, v\u00a0\u00dajezdci, v\u00a0Zv\u00edkov\u011b, na Orl\u00edku, v\u00a0Kam\u00edku, v\u00a0Br\u00e1n\u00edku a\u00a0na Vy\u0161ehrad\u011b, av\u0161ak takov\u00e1 cla vym\u011b\u0159ujem a\u00a0t\u00edmto zpuosobem vysv\u011btlujem. P\u0159edkem v\u00a0Hlubok\u00e9 usazujeme a\u00a0chceme, aby z\u00a0des\u00edti d\u0159ev dlouh\u00fdch nebo kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch v\u00edce nic ne\u017e dva hal\u00e9\u0159e d\u00e1v\u00e1no bylo a\u00a0co\u017e by koli jin\u00e9ho kupectv\u00ed na t\u00e9m\u017e d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, by pak i\u00a0drobn\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed bylo, to v\u0161ecko beze v\u0161eho vyclen\u00ed svobodn\u00e9 b\u00fdti m\u00e1. Tak\u00e9 tomu chceme, aby v\u00a0\u00dajezdci od des\u00edti d\u0159ev dlouh\u00fdch dva hal\u00e9\u0159e a\u00a0od des\u00edti mal\u00fdch neb kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch, jak\u017e se to jmenuje, jeden hal\u00e9\u0159 cla br\u00e1no bylo a\u00a0v\u0161ecko jin\u00e9 kupectv\u00ed, kter\u00e9\u017e by na n\u011bm plaveno bylo, to ve v\u0161em svobodn\u00e9 t\u00fdm\u017e zpuosobem, jak\u017e v\u00fd\u0161 p\u0159i Hlubok\u00e9 dolo\u017eeno jest, b\u00fdti m\u00e1. Potom pak v\u00a0Zv\u00edkov\u011b m\u00edn\u00edme a\u00a0chceme, aby z\u00a0des\u00edti dlouh\u00fdch neb kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch d\u0159ev cla toliko jeden hal\u00e9\u0159 br\u00e1n byl a\u00a0drobn\u00e9 neb mal\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, kter\u00e9\u017e na t\u00e9m\u017e dlouh\u00e9m neb kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m se plav\u00ed, k\u00a0tomu t\u00e9\u017e jin\u00e9 v\u0161ecko kupectv\u00ed aby v\u0161eho pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 a\u00a0svobodn\u00e9 bylo, jak\u017e v\u00fd\u0161 obsa\u017eeno. D\u00e1le v\u00a0Orl\u00edku jest vuole a\u00a0oumysl n\u00e1\u0161, aby tu t\u00e9\u017e clo nejin\u00e1\u010de ne\u017e jak\u017e v\u00a0Zv\u00edkov\u011b, pokud\u017e na ho\u0159e vejslovn\u011b vym\u00edn\u011bno jest, se vyb\u00edralo. K\u00a0tomu chceme a\u00a0ustanovujem, aby v\u00a0Kam\u00edku jeden pramen \u0161edes\u00e1te kusuov neb voruov a\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fd vor deseth d\u0159ev dr\u017eel, a\u00a0od jednoho ka\u017ed\u00e9ho takov\u00e9ho cel\u00e9ho pramene toliko p\u011bt v\u00eddensk\u00fdch cla br\u00e1ti se m\u00e1. Jin\u00e9 pak v\u0161elik\u00e9 kupectv\u00ed, kter\u00e9\u017e by se na n\u011bm plavilo, m\u00e1 v\u0161eho osvobozeno b\u00fdti. Tak\u00e9 porou\u010d\u00edme a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 pod uvarov\u00e1n\u00edm nemilosti na\u0161\u00ed, t\u00e9\u017e pokutami n\u00ed\u017ee psan\u00fdmi p\u0159ikazujem, aby na jmenovan\u00fdch i\u00a0jin\u00fdch vej\u0161 neb n\u00ed\u017ee psan\u00fdch clech \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd nutk\u00e1n nebyl n\u011btco protr\u00e1viti a\u00a0neb prop\u00edti ni\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm zpuosobem. V\u00a0Br\u00e1n\u00edku tak\u00e9 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1me a\u00a0chceme, aby z\u00a0\u0161edes\u00e1ti dlouh\u00fdch d\u0159ev jedno dlouh\u00e9 d\u0159evo a\u00a0od dvadc\u00edti voruov, kter\u00fd\u017eto ka\u017ed\u00fd vor deset d\u0159ev kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch dr\u017eeti m\u00e1, jedno d\u0159evo kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 kanovn\u00edkuom na Hrad pra\u017esk\u00fd br\u00e1no bylo. Potom tak\u00e9 m\u00edti chceme, aby bylo na Vy\u0161ehrad\u011b t\u00fdm\u017e zpuosobem, jako i\u00a0v\u00a0Br\u00e1n\u00edku d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed cleno probo\u0161tovi, d\u011bkanovi i\u00a0v\u0161\u00ed Kapitole vy\u0161ehradsk\u00e9 s\u00a0takov\u00fdmto dolo\u017een\u00edm, aby k\u00a0t\u011bm d\u0159evuom, kter\u00e9\u017e tak cla na Vy\u0161ehrad\u011b d\u00e1vati budou ode dne svat\u00e9ho Ji\u0159\u00ed a\u017e do svat\u00fdch Petra a\u00a0Pavla, apo\u0161toluov bo\u017e\u00edch, toliko dva hal\u00e9\u0159e d\u00e1vali, po vyjit\u00ed pak \u010dasu a\u00a0dne svat\u00fdch Petra a\u00a0Pavla k\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fdm t\u011bm d\u0159evuom, kter\u00e9\u017e cl\u00edti budou, t\u0159i hal\u00e9\u0159e d\u00e1vati maj\u00ed, a\u00a0co\u017e by koliv\u011bk jin\u00e9ho kupectv\u00ed na t\u00e9m\u017e d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed le\u017eelo, by pak i\u00a0drobn\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed bylo, to v\u0161ecko svobodn\u00e9 b\u00fdti m\u00e1. Tak\u00e9 tomu chceme a\u00a0p\u0159ikazujeme, aby p\u0159i v\u0161ech clech a\u00a0jez\u00edch na vod\u00e1ch, jako\u017eto M\u017ei, Lu\u017enici a\u00a0Ottav\u011b, t\u00edm v\u0161\u00edm zpuosobem, jako na Vltav\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e ps\u00e1no stoj\u00ed, cla, br\u00e1ny a\u00a0jezov\u00e9 dr\u017e\u00e1ni byli. Tolik\u00e9\u017e m\u00edn\u00edme, chceme a\u00a0p\u0159ikazujeme, aby na ji\u017e jmenovan\u00fdch clech \u017e\u00e1dnej pro ni\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fa v\u011bc, jak\u00e1\u017e by ta koli byla, hyndrov\u00e1n neb na\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n nebyl ni\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm zpuosobem, ne\u017e jeden ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo sv\u00e9 hledati, v\u00e9sti i\u00a0dokonati p\u0159ed jmenovan\u00fdm purgmistrem a\u00a0raddou na\u0161eho prv dot\u010den\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta pra\u017esk\u00e9ho v\u00a0t\u011bch m\u00edstech, jak\u017e od starod\u00e1vna to pr\u00e1vem a\u00a0chvalitebnou zvyklost\u00ed kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho dr\u017e\u00e1no a\u00a0p\u0159i\u0161lo jest, vymie\u0148uj\u00edce ta cla, kter\u00e9\u017e k\u00a0mostu p\u0159edjmenovan\u00e9ho na\u0161eho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta pra\u017esk\u00e9ho n\u00e1le\u017eej\u00ed ve t\u0159ech m\u00edlech na vod\u011b vej\u0161e i\u00a0n\u00ed\u017ee t\u00e9ho\u017e mostu na v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edvoz\u00edch, jak\u017e se oby\u010dejn\u011b b\u00e9re; takov\u00e1 v\u0161ecka cla, jak\u00e1\u017ekoli jsou, jist\u00fdm na\u0161\u00edm v\u011bdom\u00edm a\u00a0moc\u00ed kr\u00e1lovskou v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch v\u00a0celosti a\u00a0pln\u00e9 mocnosti zanech\u00e1v\u00e1me a\u00a0bez p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed zuostavujeme\u2026 Pakliby kdo proti tomu sv\u00e9voln\u011b u\u010dinil, ten ka\u017ed\u00fd, kolikr\u00e1t\u017e koli sv\u00e9voln\u011b proti tomu u\u010din\u00ed, pades\u00e1te kop gro\u0161uov pra\u017esk\u00e9ho r\u00e1zu prav\u00e9 pokuty propadne a\u00a0t\u00e9 summy polovice do komory na\u0161\u00ed kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 a\u00a0druh\u00e1 polovice ji\u017e jmenovan\u00e9mu hlavn\u00edmu m\u011bstu pra\u017esk\u00e9mu bez prodl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ipadnouti a\u00a0polo\u017eena b\u00fdti m\u00e1.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Vedle vodn\u00edch ml\u00fdn\u016f postaven\u00fdch na pevn\u00fdch z\u00e1kladech existovala i\u00a0mlec\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed instalovan\u00e1 na upoutan\u00fdch \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch lod\u00edch\u00a0\u2013 tzv.\u00a0\u0161krtnic\u00edch (uveden\u00fd n\u00e1zev byl odvozen od toho, \u017ee \/na rozd\u00edl od n\u00e1honu\/ bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vodn\u00ed kolo zastavit pouze postupn\u00fdm sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm ot\u00e1\u010dek\u00a0\u2013 \u201e\u0161krcen\u00edm\u201c \/Klempera, 2000,\u00a0s. 23; Klempera, 2002, s. 11\/). Z\u0159izovali je obvykle peka\u0159i (\u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n a\u00a0K\u0159ivanov\u00e1, 2008,\u00a024; Klempera, 2000, s. 11\u201312). D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm dokumentem, kter\u00fd umo\u017enil pra\u017esk\u00fdm peka\u0159\u016fm vyu\u017e\u00edvat na \u0159ece Vltav\u011b tato za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, byla listina kr\u00e1le V\u00e1clava\u00a0IV. z\u00a0roku 1384 (\u010celakovsk\u00fd, ed., 1886, s. 172\u2013173). Uv\u00e1d\u00edme pouze pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed staro\u010desk\u00fd p\u0159eklad116<\/sup> p\u016fvodn\u00ed latinsk\u00e9 listiny, kter\u00e1 se bohu\u017eel v\u00a0origin\u00e1le nedochovala:<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00e1clav z\u00a0bo\u017e\u00ed milosti kr\u00e1l po v\u0161ecky \u010dasy rozmno\u017eitel \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a\u00a0\u010desk\u00fd kr\u00e1l. Zn\u00e1mo \u010din\u00edme t\u00edmto listem obecn\u011b p\u0159ede v\u0161emi, kdo\u017e jej uz\u0159\u00ed anebo \u010dtouce sly\u0161eti bude, \u017ee vzhledna na znamenitou v\u00edru a\u00a0st\u00e1lou slu\u017ebu v\u011brn\u00fdch na\u0161ich mil\u00fdch purgmistra a\u00a0kon\u0161el\u016fv i\u00a0v\u0161\u00ed obce na\u0161eho V\u011bt\u0161\u00edho M\u011bsta pra\u017esk\u00e9ho, kterou\u017e jsou n\u011bkdy slavn\u00e9 pam\u011bti c\u00edsa\u0159i Karlovi panu otci a\u00a0p\u0159edku na\u0161emu mil\u00e9mu i\u00a0n\u00e1m tak\u00e9 pilnou sna\u017enost\u00ed se zachov\u00e1vali a\u00a0zachovati hled\u011bli a\u00a0v\u00a0\u010dasech budouc\u00edch sna\u017en\u011bji a\u00a0piln\u011bji budou se hled\u011bti l\u00edbiti, kdy\u017e od n\u00e1s milostmi a\u00a0svobodami nov\u00fdmi obda\u0159eni jsouce, je po\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc radovati se budou; proto\u017e s\u00a0dobr\u00fdm rozmyslem a\u00a0radou kn\u00ed\u017eat, v\u011brn\u00fdch na\u0161ich mil\u00fdch, s\u00a0jist\u00fdm na\u0161\u00edm v\u011bdom\u00edm, moc\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kr\u00e1lovskou tuto novou milos\u0165 d\u00e1v\u00e1me, aby purgmistr a\u00a0kon\u0161el\u00e9 i\u00a0v\u0161echna obec V\u011bt\u0161\u00edho M\u011bsta pra\u017esk\u00e9ho mohli d\u00e1ti a\u00a0ud\u011blati \u0161krtnice na \u010dlunech lodn\u00edch, aby na vod\u011b splejvaly tu, kde\u017e by se jim dob\u0159e m\u00edsto zl\u00edbilo, kdy\u017eby zb\u011bhov\u00e9 vodn\u00ed velic\u00ed byli, aby jich mohli po\u017e\u00edvati ti, kte\u0159\u00ed\u017e na prodaj roha\u010dky a\u00a0b\u011bln\u00fd chleby dob\u0159e d\u011blati um\u011bj\u00ed, aby dostatek mohl b\u00fdti pro lid chud\u0161\u00ed pob\u011bhl\u00fd. Tento list potvrzen jest pe\u010det\u00ed majest\u00e1tu na\u0161eho kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm dokumentem, kter\u00fd vznikl v\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, jsou tzv.\u00a0Sob\u011bslavsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va (p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b Pr\u00e1va Star\u00e9ho M\u011bsta \/pra\u017esk\u00e9ho\/\u00a0\u2013 skute\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1zev, zapsan\u00fd v\u00a0rukopisech byl: \u201eKusov\u00e9 z\u00a0list\u016f a\u00a0z\u00a0pr\u00e1v Velik\u00e9ho M\u011bsta pra\u017esk\u00e9ho\u201c). Text se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 prvn\u00ed je domn\u011ble p\u0159ipisov\u00e1na kn\u00ed\u017eeti Sob\u011bslavovi\u00a0II.\u00a0\u2013 druh\u00e1 pak obsahuje vlastn\u00ed starom\u011bstsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo. Vznik t\u00e9to sb\u00edrky se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b kolem roku 1440 (pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fdm zpracovatelem byl protonot\u00e1\u0159 Mikul\u00e1\u0161 z\u00a0Humpolce spolu s\u00a0protonot\u00e1\u0159em Zdim\u00edrem ze Sedlce)\u00a0\u2013 n\u00e1sledn\u011b do\u0161lo je\u0161t\u011b t\u0159ikr\u00e1t k\u00a0jej\u00edmu p\u0159epracov\u00e1n\u00ed (posledn\u00edmu v\u00a0roce 1455). P\u0159i sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pam\u00e1tky byly sice vyu\u017eity star\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1znamy, n\u00e1lezy rady a\u00a0star\u0161\u00ed zvyklosti\u00a0\u2013 \u00favodn\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed hovo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed o\u00a0\u201eobdarov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c kr\u00e1lem Janem Lucembursk\u00fdm je v\u0161ak zcela evidentn\u00edm falzem\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 pr\u00e1va toti\u017e nebyla nikdy \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm \u010desk\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem potvrzena (p\u0159esto se magistr\u00e1t \u010dasto podle nich \u0159\u00eddil\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0to a\u017e do\u00a017. stolet\u00ed \/Erben, 1868, s. 315\u2013316; \u010celakovsk\u00fd, 1904, s.\u00a04\u20137; \u010celakovsk\u00fd, 1921, s. 134\u2013143; Havr\u00e1nek, ed., Da\u0148helka, ed. a\u00a0Hrab\u00e1k, ed., 1964, s.\u00a0415\u2013421\/). Pro n\u00e1s jsou zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 pouze dv\u011b ustanoven\u00ed (Erben, 1868, s.\u00a0325\u2013326)\u00a0\u2013 prvn\u00ed z\u00a0nich je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n

\u201eNejm\u00e1 i\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd mlyn\u00e1\u0159 v\u00fd\u0161e vody dr\u017eeti, ne\u017e jak\u017e jim kon\u0161el\u00e9 s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edse\u017en\u00fdmi mlyn\u00e1\u0159i vym\u011b\u0159ie. Pakli by kto v\u00fd\u0161e dr\u017eal, jm\u00e1 p\u00e1n\u00f3m deset kop d\u00e1ti.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Bezprost\u0159edn\u011b pak n\u00e1sleduje:<\/p>\n

\u201eNejm\u00e1 i\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd jin\u00fd ml\u00fdnuov a\u00a0jezuov s\u00faditi, ne\u017e kon\u0161el\u00e9 Pra\u017e\u0161t\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Zemsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo a\u00a0snaha Karla\u00a0IV. o\u00a0vyd\u00e1n\u00ed obecn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 kodifikace (Maiestas Carolina)<\/h3>\n

Krom\u011b \u0159ady vydan\u00fdch listin se Karel\u00a0IV. pokusil t\u00e9\u017e o\u00a0kodifikaci zemsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va. P\u0159edt\u00edm ne\u017e se uveden\u00e9 problematice budeme podrobn\u011bji v\u011bnovat, si dovol\u00edme uv\u00e9st jen velmi kr\u00e1tkou zm\u00ednku o\u00a0nejstar\u0161\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed knize (mj.\u00a0psan\u00e9 ji\u017e ve staro\u010de\u0161tin\u011b)\u00a0\u2013 jde o\u00a0tzv.\u00a0Knihu Ro\u017emberskou. Jak\u00e9koliv ustanoven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by p\u0159\u00edmo souviselo s\u00a0povrchov\u00fdmi \u010di podzemn\u00edmi vodami, zde nenalezneme\u00a0\u2013 zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 je (bohu\u017eel jen nep\u0159\u00edmo) pas\u00e1\u017e117<\/sup> obsa\u017een\u00e1 v\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku 279 (Brandl, 1872, s.\u00a0104; Palack\u00fd, ed., 1840, s. 482; Jire\u010dek, ed., 1870, s. 91 \/zde jako \u010dl\u00e1nek 187\/):<\/p>\n

\u201e\u2026 kdy\u017e kto jede neb jde bezpr\u00e1vn\u00fa cest\u00fa, nebo lov\u00ed [\u0161lo i\u00a0o\u00a0rybolov], nebo pase\u2026\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nejv\u00edce ambici\u00f3zn\u00edm projektem (po obdobn\u00fdch \/sp\u00ed\u0161e \u201enesm\u011bl\u00fdch\u201c\/ d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pokusech kr\u00e1le V\u00e1clava\u00a0II.) bylo vyd\u00e1n\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 kodifikace zemsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, kter\u00e1 se p\u016fvodn\u011b naz\u00fdvala (podle \u010desk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le a\u00a0\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e Karla\u00a0IV.) Codex Carolinus<\/em>. Teprve pozd\u011bji (pon\u011bkud \u201enelogicky\u201c) se v\u017eilo ozna\u010den\u00ed Maiestas Carolina<\/em>. Schv\u00e1len\u00ed tohoto dokumentu se v\u0161ak Karlovi\u00a0IV. nepoda\u0159ilo na zemsk\u00e9m sn\u011bmu konan\u00e9m v\u00a0roce 1355 prosadit (\u0160mahel, ed. a\u00a0Bobkov\u00e1, ed., 2012, s. 243\u2013244; Van\u011b\u010dek, ed. 1984, s. 107\u2013124). Z\u00e1kon\u00edk nikdy nebyl p\u0159\u00edmo pr\u00e1vn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd (jen n\u011bkter\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed byla pozd\u011bji v\u00a0soudn\u00ed praxi ob\u010das u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na). S\u00a0ohledem na historick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj \u010desk\u00e9ho vodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va si dovol\u00edme upozornit pouze na \u010dl\u00e1nek LVII118<\/sup> (Palack\u00fd, ed., 1844, s. 137; Jire\u010dek, ed., 1870, s. 150\u2013151; Karel\u00a0IV., Ma\u0161ek, ed. a\u00a0Bl\u00e1hov\u00e1, ed., 2003, s. 206\u2013207). Latinsk\u00fd text119<\/sup> pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1 o\u00a0tom, \u017ee po splavn\u00fdch \u0159ek\u00e1ch se v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u011b plavily nesv\u00e1zan\u00e9 kl\u00e1dy\u00a0\u2013 mnohdy z\u00a0kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch les\u016f nez\u00e1konn\u011b odcizen\u00e9. Pro zaj\u00edmavost uvedeme pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed staro\u010desk\u00fd p\u0159eklad120<\/sup> (ve star\u0161\u00ed \/dnes ji\u017e nepou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9\/ transkripci staro\u010de\u0161tiny \/Palack\u00fd, ed., 1844, s.\u00a0137\/):<\/p>\n

\u201ePurkrabiem na\u0161im a\u00a0wlada\u0159om hraduow dolepsan\u00fdch, nad wodami tekut\u00fdmi kr\u00e1lowstwie na\u0161eho usazen\u00fdch, p\u0159ikazujem, sna\u017en\u00fa a\u00a0piln\u00fa str\u00e1\u017ei aby dnem i\u00a0noc\u00ed jm\u011bli; neb mnoh\u00e9 lesy121<\/sup>, kter\u00e9\u017e w les\u00edch na\u0161ich n\u00e1m krad\u00fa, t\u011bmi \u0159ekami \u017ee plawie srozumiew\u00e1me, a\u00a0potom bez na\u0161eho wedomie a\u00a0rady to na sw\u00e9 pot\u0159eby obracuj\u00ed k\u00a0\u0161kod\u011b komory na\u0161ie. Proto\u017e kdy mimo hrad neb twrz na\u0161i poplow\u016f, ten kdo\u017e tu wl\u00e1dne, s\u00e1m neb skrze jin\u00e9ho i\u00a0lesy121<\/sup> i\u00a0ty lidi stawowati m\u00e1, a\u00a0inhed wznesa na n\u00e1s zwl\u00e1\u0161\u0165, tak dl\u00faho je dr\u017e, doni\u017eby jin\u00e9ho od n\u00e1s nem\u011bl u\u00a0p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1nie, l\u00e9\u010dby otew\u0159en\u00e9 listy na\u0161e ok\u00e1zali, aneb n\u011bkter\u00e1 znamenie na to zwl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b wydan\u00e1, skrze kter\u00e1\u017eto znamenie snad jim kr\u00e1lowsk\u00e1 Milost dopustila, aby ten les121<\/sup> plawili; pod pokut\u00fa purkrab\u00edm swrchupsan\u00fdm, jestli\u017eeby w\u011bdom\u011b dop\u00fa\u0161t\u011bli j\u00edti les\u00f3m121<\/sup> proti \u00famyslu ustanowenie tohoto, aby \u00fa\u0159ad ztratili, a\u00a0dw\u00e9n\u00e1sob nawr\u00e1tili do komory kr\u00e1lowy, za\u010dby ten les st\u00e1l. Pakliby zme\u0161k\u00e1nie neb new\u011bdom\u00edm toho dopustil, tehdy pokut\u00fa, aby dw\u00e9n\u00e1sob zaplatil, za\u010dby ten les121<\/sup> st\u00e1l, bu\u010f treskt\u00e1n, a\u00a0jin\u00e9 pokuty t\u011bm, kto\u017eby; r\u00fabali neb wozili lesy proti ustanowenie, ty w sw\u00e9 celosti pewny osta\u0148te.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Toto velmi stru\u010dn\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed n\u00e1s mj.\u00a0(v\u00a0r\u00e1mci \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti pojedn\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed o\u00a0ochran\u011b kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch les\u016f \/Kreuz, ed. a\u00a0Martinovsk\u00fd, ed., 2007, s.\u00a019\/) informuje o\u00a0tom, \u017ee po v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch splavn\u00fdch \u0159ek\u00e1ch se v\u011bt\u0161inou sm\u011blo (by\u0165 asi ne v\u017edy) plavit d\u0159evo zcela \u201esvobodn\u011b\u201c (viz\u00a0t\u00e9\u017e v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bnou listinu z\u00a0roku 1366).<\/p>\n

M\u00edsto (v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch pom\u011brech zjevn\u011b nerealizovateln\u00e9 kodifikace) Maiestas Carolina<\/em> n\u00e1sledn\u011b vznikla v\u00a0druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 14. stolet\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kniha s\u00a0pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u010desk\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem \u0158\u00e1d pr\u00e1va zemsk\u00e9ho (Ordo iudicii terrae<\/em>). Jak\u00e1koliv ustanoven\u00ed maj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmou \u010di jen nep\u0159\u00edmou vazbu na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed vymezen\u00ed povrchov\u00fdch \u010di podzemn\u00edch vod nebo jak\u00e9koliv \u201evodstvo\u201c zde bohu\u017eel nenalezneme (Palack\u00fd, ed., 1842, s.\u00a0481\u2013517; Jire\u010dek, ed., 1870, s.\u00a0198\u2013255; Mal\u00fd, 1995, s.\u00a025\u201326).<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o\u00a0obdob\u00ed vl\u00e1dy kr\u00e1le V\u00e1clava\u00a0IV., zm\u00edn\u00edme se ji\u017e jen o\u00a0jednom v\u00fdzna\u010dn\u00e9m dokumentu\u00a0\u2013 Pr\u00e1vech zemsk\u00fdch \u010desk\u00fdch (ne\u0161lo o\u00a0z\u00e1kon\u00edk ale o\u00a0tzv.\u00a0pr\u00e1vn\u00ed knihu)\u00a0\u2013 byl vytvo\u0159en (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na z\u00e1klad\u011b vlastn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed) dlouholet\u00fdm nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm zemsk\u00fdm soudcem (sud\u00edm) Ond\u0159ejem z\u00a0Dub\u00e9. S\u00a0ohledem na tehdej\u0161\u00ed majetkopr\u00e1vn\u00ed poj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed drobn\u00fdch vodn\u00edch tok\u016f zde nalezneme pouze ustanoven\u00ed (obdobn\u011b jako i\u00a0v\u00a0tzv.\u00a0Knize Ro\u017embersk\u00e9\u00a0\u2013 viz\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e), ze kter\u00e9ho (by\u0165 jen nep\u0159\u00edmo) lze dovodit, \u017ee vodn\u00ed toky musely b\u00fdt st\u00e1le, i\u00a0v\u00a0t\u00e9to dob\u011b, v\u017edy integr\u00e1ln\u011b zahrnov\u00e1ny do celkov\u00e9ho nemovit\u00e9ho majetku d\u011bdin, na jejich\u017e \u00fazem\u00ed se nal\u00e9zaly (\u010c\u00e1da, ed., 1930, s. 150\u2013151).<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 shrnut\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Dovol\u00edme si je prezentovat zcela stru\u010dn\u011b. Autor tohoto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku m\u011bl k\u00a0dispozici celou \u0159adu dokument\u016f, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak, s\u00a0ohledem na redakc\u00ed vymezen\u00fd rozsah textu, nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 bezezbytku vyu\u017e\u00edt\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm lze zm\u00ednit jist\u00fd \u201edeficit\u201c u\u00a0zde, bohu\u017eel jen stru\u010dn\u011b, pojedn\u00e1van\u00e9 oblasti pr\u00e1vn\u00edch vztah\u016f vymezuj\u00edc\u00edch tehdej\u0161\u00ed lodn\u00ed dopravu. Tato problematika, by\u0165 souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s ji\u017e pon\u011bkud odli\u0161n\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi vztahy k\u00a0vod\u00e1m v sou\u010dasnosti sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem sp\u00ed\u0161e jen \u201eokrajov\u011b\u201c, je velmi historicky i\u00a0pr\u00e1vn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e1\u00a0\u2013 autor p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku si takto \u201ep\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u011b dovol\u00ed\u201c \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e informovat o\u00a0sv\u00e9m z\u00e1m\u011bru se v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch letech pr\u00e1v\u011b tomuto t\u00e9matu podrobn\u011b v\u011bnovat (nejen ve vazb\u011b na zde jednozna\u010dn\u011b vymezen\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 ale sp\u00ed\u0161e naopak v\u00a0r\u00e1mci pln\u00e9 historick\u00e9 posloupnosti).<\/p>\n

Pozn\u00e1mky<\/h4>\n
    \n
  1. Souhrnn\u011b lze slovy Ji\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho (1870, s. 66) st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd majetkopr\u00e1vn\u00ed vztah k\u00a0vodn\u00edm tok\u016fm charakterizovat takto: \u201e\u2026 Pokud jde o\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fd majetek na velk\u00fdch \u0159ek\u00e1ch, pokl\u00e1dala se cla, v\u00fdton\u011b a\u00a0m\u00fdta v\u017edy za d\u016fchod kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 komory; vl\u00e1da ud\u011blovala privilegia, vyj\u00edmala z\u00a0cel m\u011bsta, kl\u00e1\u0161tery, p\u00e1ny a\u00a0many \u010di zastavovala tyto d\u016fchody. Tento svrchovan\u00fd majetek nem\u011bl v\u00fdznam modern\u00edho pojmu\u00a0\u2013 majetku ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho; m\u011bl povahu finan\u010dn\u00edho reg\u00e1lu\u2026\u201c<\/em> (viz\u00a0t\u00e9\u017e Van\u011b\u010dek, 1970, s. 74).<\/li>\n
  2. Listina obsa\u017eena v\u00a0konfirmaci privilegi\u00ed litom\u011b\u0159ick\u00fdch Karla\u00a0IV.\u00a0\u2013 Praha 25.\u00a0srpna\u00a01348 (za n\u00e1pisem \u201eLitera magestatis super confirmacione jurium Meydburgensium regis Johannis<\/em>\u201c). \u010cesk\u00fd p\u0159eklad je z\u00a015. stolet\u00ed v\u00a0rukopisu sign. 24 G 12 (za n\u00e1pisem \u201eO\u00a0pr\u00e1va, o\u00a0sklad, o\u00a0l\u00e1dov\u00e1nie, o\u00a0kr\u010dmy, o\u00a0\u0159emesla\u201c<\/em> \/\u010celakovsk\u00fd, ed., 1895, s. 234\/). Dovol\u00edme si uv\u00e9st (pouze zde\u00a0\u2013 tj.\u00a0v\u00a0pozn\u00e1mce) pom\u011brn\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9, cel\u00e9 staro\u010desk\u00e9 zn\u011bn\u00ed (\u010celakovsk\u00fd, ed., 1895, s. 232\u2013233): \u201eMy Jan bo\u017e\u00ed milosti \u010desk\u00fd a\u00a0polsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l a\u00a0lucembursk\u00e9 hrabie, v\u0161em majest\u00e1tem tiemto oznamujem, \u017ee my mil\u00fdch n\u00e1m m\u011b\u0161t\u011bnuov lithom\u011b\u0159icsk\u00fdch u\u017eitky opat\u0159iti a\u00a0je ode \u0161kod, jako\u017e to k\u00a0n\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161\u00ed, zachovati dobrotivost\u00ed kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fa \u017e\u00e1daj\u00edce, v\u0161ecky v\u011bci osviecen\u00fdch knie\u017eat, slavn\u00e9 pam\u011bti p\u00e1nuov d\u0159ieve V\u00e1clava, Otakara a\u00a0V\u00e1clava test\u011b neb tch\u00e1na na\u0161eho, p\u0159edkuov na\u0161ich, kr\u00e1luov \u010desk\u00fdch, z\u00e1pisy jim na kter\u00e1\u017ekoli pr\u00e1va, svobody a\u00a0ohrady i\u00a0oby\u010deje vydan\u00e9 a\u00a0p\u00f3j\u010den\u00e9, kter\u00fdm\u017ekoli pops\u00e1n\u00edm js\u00fa, a\u00a0tak\u00e9 v\u0161ecky v\u011bci v\u00a0nich zav\u0159en\u00e9, jako\u017eto \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b a\u00a0rozumn\u011b jim zaps\u00e1ny js\u00fa, potvrzujem a\u00a0pevn\u00fd \u010din\u00edme, a\u00a0jako\u017eto by majest\u00e1tov\u00e9 jich v\u00a0tento veps\u00e1ni byli, obnovujem a\u00a0jist\u00fdm v\u011bdom\u00edm na\u0161\u00edm potvrzujem. Chtiece, aby oni m\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 pr\u00e1v, svobod a\u00a0oby\u010dejuov Maydbursk\u00fdch, kter\u00fdch\u017eto od starad\u00e1vna po\u017e\u00edvali s\u00fa, i\u00a0potom po\u017e\u00edvati m\u011bli v\u011b\u010dn\u011b, a\u00a0k\u00a0nim ze v\u0161ech m\u011bst a\u00a0z\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9ho zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kr\u00e1lovstvie na\u0161eho \u010desk\u00e9ho, kter\u00e1\u017e t\u00fdch\u017e po\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pr\u00e1v, v\u00a0sv\u00e9m pochybn\u00e9m rozs\u00fazen\u00ed maj\u00ed mieti \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b, jako\u017e to dosav\u00e1d bylo jest oby\u010dejno; tak\u00e9 v\u0161elik\u00e1 nalo\u017eenie a\u00a0slo\u017eenie na lod\u011b a\u00a0s\u00a0lodie v\u011bc\u00ed v\u0161elikterak\u00fdch na vod\u011b plav\u00edciech p\u0159i t\u00e9m\u017e pr\u00e1v\u011b, kter\u00fdmi k\u00a0nim od starod\u00e1vn\u00fdch \u010dasuov p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161elo a\u00a0je\u0161t\u011b z\u00a0pr\u00e1va p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161\u00ed, bez p\u0159eru\u0161enie maj\u00ed ostati. T\u00e9\u017e m\u011b\u0161\u0165any na\u0161e \u00fastsk\u00e9 podle listuov na\u0161ich vydan\u00fdch v\u00a0pevnosti chcme ostaviti pod v\u00fdmienk\u00fa takov\u00fa, jestli\u017ee by lod\u011b sv\u00e9 v\u00a0Lovosic\u00edch neb miestech kter\u00fdcb\u017ekoli, krom\u011b na b\u0159ehu p\u0159ed m\u011bstem na\u0161\u00edm Lithom\u011b\u0159icsk\u00fdm, nalo\u017eili neb sklad u\u010dinili neboli jin\u00e9 v\u011bci kter\u00e9\u017ekoli tiem oby\u010dejem, jako\u017eto by jich byli, plaviece shled\u00e1ni byli a\u00a0pr\u00e1vem p\u0159emo\u017eeni, \u017ee by pr\u00e1va d\u0159iev \u0159e\u010den\u00fdch m\u011b\u0161\u0165anuov na\u0161ich lithom\u011b\u0159icsk\u00fdch v\u00a0t\u00e9to stran\u011b n\u011bkterak ru\u0161ili, tehd\u00e1 jim m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00f3m sv\u00fdm Lithom\u011b\u0159icsk\u00fdm jist\u00fdm na\u0161im v\u011bdom\u00edm odp\u00fa\u0161tieme, aby v\u00a0ty v\u011bci v\u0161ecky slu\u0161n\u011b se uv\u00e1zali [a] je k\u00a0puo\u017eitk\u00f3m sv\u00fdm, k\u00a0kter\u00fdm\u017ekoli chtie, obr\u00e1tili. Chcme nad to, \u017ee p\u0159ed\u0159e\u010den\u00fdm m\u011b\u0161tan\u00f3m na\u0161im \u00fastsk\u00fdm na trhu m\u011bsta na\u0161eho lithom\u011b\u0159icsk\u00e9ho obil\u00e9 a\u00a0v\u011bc\u00ed kter\u00fdcb\u017ekoli jin\u00fdch kupovati a\u00a0soli na vod\u011b Labi doluov neb nahoru plaviti neslu\u0161\u00ed, le\u010d prve to d\u0159iev \u0159e\u010den\u00fdm na\u0161im m\u011b\u0161tan\u00f3m Lithom\u011b\u0159icsk\u00fdm vyd\u00e1no bude ku prod\u00e1n\u00ed. Dop\u00fa\u0161tieme tak\u00e9, aby v\u00a0kraji \u010dasto \u0159e\u010den\u00e9ho m\u011bsta na\u0161eho Lithom\u011b\u0159icsk\u00e9ho v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 m\u00edli na v\u0161e strany ani kr\u010dem ani sladovn\u00edkuov, \u0159ezn\u00edkuov, peka\u0159uov, suknokroji\u010duov, \u0161evcuov, kraj\u010d\u00ed ani kov\u00e1\u0159uov ani kter\u00e9ho\u017ekoli \u0159emesla d\u011bln\u00edkuov osazenie nebylo. Pakli by kto z\u00a0takov\u00fdch proti nyn\u011bj\u0161iemu p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1ni na\u0161emu v\u00a0d\u0159iev \u0159e\u010den\u00e9 krajin\u011b osad\u011b s\u011b n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0d\u0159iev jmenovan\u00fdch remesl sm\u011bl d\u011blati, tehdy jim m\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00f3m slu\u0161ie v\u0161ecky takov\u00e9 z\u00a0kraje, jak\u017e se jim zd\u00e1ti bude, odl\u00fa\u010diti a\u00a0k\u00a0p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161emu p\u0159inutiti. Listy, a\u010d kter\u00e9 tomuto odporn\u00e9 d\u00e1ti se n\u00e1m udalo, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 moci mieti nemaj\u00ed. Tomu na sv\u011bdecstvie majest\u00e1t tento pe\u010det\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed utvrditi sme k\u00e1zali. D\u00e1n v\u00a0Praze l\u00e9ta bo\u017eieho tis\u00edcieho t\u0159\u00edst\u00e9ho p\u011btmezcietm\u00e9ho.\u201c<\/em> S\u00a0ohledem na tento staro\u010desk\u00fd text si dovol\u00edme n\u00ed\u017ee rovn\u011b\u017e uv\u00e9st novo\u010desk\u00fd p\u0159eklad n\u011bkter\u00fdch dnes ji\u017e m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch v\u00fdraz\u016f. P\u0159\u011bd\u0159e\u010den\u00fd<\/em> adj.: p\u0159\u011bder\u010den\u00fd<\/em>, p\u0159\u011bde\u0159\u010den\u00fd<\/em> zna\u010d\u00ed: 1. vp\u0159edu \u0159e\u010den\u00fd, ji\u017e jmenovan\u00fd (p\u0159\u011bdpov\u011bd\u011bn\u00fd)<\/em>, 2. (v\u00a0\u010dem\u00a0ap.) p\u0159edem ozn\u00e1men\u00fd<\/em>; (o\u00a0ud\u00e1losti) p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bn\u00fd, prorokovan\u00fd; sr. p\u0159\u011bdpov\u011bd\u011bn\u00fd (http:\/\/vokabular.ujc.cas.cz\/Staro\u010desk\u00fd slovn\u00edk\/). Suknokroji\u010d<\/em> zna\u010d\u00ed toho kdo<\/em> st\u0159\u00edh\u00e1, \u201ekr\u00e1j\u00ed\u201c<\/em> sukno<\/em> (http:\/\/vokabular.ujc.cas.cz\/Elektronick\u00fd slovn\u00edk star\u00e9 \u010de\u0161tiny\/). Odporn\u00fd adj. zna\u010d\u00ed: naproti postaven\u00fd, protivn\u00fd<\/em>\u00a0(http:\/\/vokabular.ujc.cas.cz \/F. \u0160imek, Slovn\u00ed\u010dek star\u00e9 \u010de\u0161tiny\/\u00a0\u2013 viz\u00a0t\u00e9\u017e latinskou verzi litteras contrarias<\/em> \/ak.\/).<\/li>\n
  3. Pln\u00e9 zn\u011bn\u00ed (pouze ve staro\u010de\u0161tin\u011b) uv\u00e1d\u00edme v\u00a0p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mce \u010d.\u00a02.<\/li>\n
  4. Pra\u017e\u00e1k, Novotn\u00fd a\u00a0Sedl\u00e1\u010dek (1955\u2008b, s. 548): \u201etenor<\/em>\u201c = nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd pohyb, b\u011bh, proud, pr\u016fb\u011bh, postup, zp\u016fsob, r\u00e1z, t\u00f3n, duch<\/em>. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 latin\u011b pak tento v\u00fdraz zna\u010d\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm: zn\u011bn\u00ed <\/em>(listiny), smysl <\/em>\u010di obsah <\/em>(dokumentu). Latinsk\u00fd internetov\u00fd slovn\u00edk (http:\/\/humanum.arts.cuhk.edu): \u201esense, contents, uninterrupted course, a\u00a0holding fast\u201c<\/em>. Brinckmeier (1850, s. 611): \u201eFassung und Inhalt einer Urkunde\u201c<\/em>. Hlu\u0161\u00edkov\u00e1 (2009, s.\u00a0847): \u201etenor, -\u014dris\u2026 *zmysel, obsah: tenore praesentium zmyslom tohto listu\u201c<\/em>. Hled\u00edkov\u00e1 (2008): \u201etenore presencium\u00a0\u2013 zn\u011bn\u00edm tohoto listu, t\u00edmto listem (listinou)\u201c, \u201etenor (litterae)\u00a0\u2013 zn\u011bn\u00ed, text (listiny)\u201c<\/em>. Smolov\u00e1 (2011): \u201etenor, oris, m.\u00a0\u2013 zn\u011bn\u00ed (listiny), b\u011bh, smysl, obsah\u201c, \u201etenore praesentium\u00a0\u2013 t\u00edmto listem, podle t\u00e9to listiny\u201c<\/em>. Na z\u00e1v\u011br uvedeme heslo z\u00a0Ottova slovn\u00edku<\/em> nau\u010dn\u00e9ho<\/em> (http:\/\/leccos.com\/index.php\/clanky): \u201eTenor, lat., nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh; \u0159ada; smysl neb obsah (n\u011bjak\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku nebo spisu).\u201c<\/em><\/li>\n
  5. Jde o\u00a0(pom\u011brn\u011b star\u00fd) \u010desk\u00fd p\u0159eklad ji\u017e z\u00a0po\u010d\u00e1tku 15. stolet\u00ed (\u010celakovsk\u00fd, ed., 1895, s.\u00a0482).<\/li>\n
  6. Pouze pro zaj\u00edmavost je vhodn\u00e9 uv\u00e9st, \u017ee v\u00a0popisovan\u00e9 dob\u011b byla M\u017e\u00ed cel\u00e1 \u0159eka od pramene a\u017e po \u00fast\u00ed v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed Praze\u00ad\u2011Lahovic\u00edch (u\u00a0Zbraslavi). \u0158eka byla Berounkou naz\u00fdv\u00e1na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b a\u017e v\u00a017.\u00a0stolet\u00ed, \u0161lo o\u00a0\u00fasek pobl\u00ed\u017e Berouna (\u0159\u00edkalo se \u201e\u0159eka berounsk\u00fdch\u201c<\/em>). Plze\u0148sk\u00fd kronik\u00e1\u0159 Jan Tanner (\/1623\u20131694\/\u00a0\u2013 mj.\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00fd \u010dlen jezuitsk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du a\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00edk Bohuslava Balb\u00edna) jako Berounku ozna\u010doval a\u017e tok za m\u011bstem Berounem. V\u00a018. stolet\u00ed postupn\u011b doch\u00e1zelo k\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto nov\u00e9ho n\u00e1zvu i\u00a0pro st\u0159edn\u00ed tok od Plzn\u011b. Za po\u010d\u00e1tek Berounky byl postupn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1n soutok M\u017ee a\u00a0Rakovnick\u00e9ho potoka, pozd\u011bji se za\u010d\u00e1tek Berounky posunul a\u017e k\u00a0soutoku se St\u0159elou\u00a0\u2013 nakonec pak k\u00a0\u00daslav\u011b.<\/li>\n
  7. Pramen, -e m.: pramen, stru\u017eka, pot\u016f\u010dek; proud, tok; zdroj; v\u011btev, odno\u017e, v\u00fdhonek; v\u011btev rodu; provazec ze zkroucen\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken; veden\u00ed, vod\u00edtko; opora<\/em> (http:\/\/vokabular.ujc.cas.cz \/Mal\u00fd staro\u010desk\u00fd slovn\u00edk\/); svaz plavidel, zvl. pramen vor\u016f: rates; o\u00a0drva k\u00a0palivu do Prahy \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1me, aby t\u0159i plavy zjednal; aby plavci povinni byli to clo d\u00e1vati z\u00a0jednoho plavu anebo ploutvy, ale ne z\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9ho voru\u2026 abych t\u0159i plavy lesu k\u00fapil\u2026 d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed na t\u0159i prameny<\/em> (http:\/\/vokabular.ujc.cas.cz \/Staro\u010desk\u00fd slovn\u00edk\/).<\/li>\n
  8. Viz\u00a0pozn\u00e1mku \u010d.\u00a06.<\/li>\n
  9. Les, -a, -u\u00a0m.: les; d\u0159evo, d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed; plaven\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, vo<\/em>r (http:\/\/vokabular.ujc.cas.cz \/Mal\u00fd staro\u010desk\u00fd slovn\u00edk\/).<\/li>\n
  10. P\u0159\u011bdpov\u011bd\u011bn\u00fd (adj. k\u00a0p\u0159\u011bdpov\u011bd\u011bti): 1. [v\u00a0textu] vp\u0159edu uveden\u00fd, v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd; [o\u00a0osob\u011b, m\u00edstu] ji\u017e jmenovan\u00fd, 2. v\u00a0\u010dem k\u00fdm, ot koho\u00a0ap. p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bn\u00fd, p\u0159edem ozn\u00e1men\u00fd, prorokovan\u00fd<\/em>; sr. p\u0159\u011bd\u0159e\u010den\u00fd (http:\/\/vokabular.ujc.cas.cz \/Staro\u010desk\u00fd slovn\u00edk\/).<\/li>\n
  11. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b by v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 n\u011bm\u010din\u011b \u0161lo o\u00a0Flutrinnen<\/em> (povod\u0148ov\u00fd kan\u00e1l\u00a0\u2013 slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k\u00a0p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed velk\u00fdch vod\u00a0\u2013 etymologicky jde o\u00a0spojen\u00ed Flut<\/em> \/povode\u0148\/ a\u00a0rinnen<\/em> \/\u0159inout se, t\u00e9ci\/).<\/li>\n
  12. Jak ran\u00fd, tak i\u00a0t\u00e9\u017e (\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b) vrcholn\u00fd st\u0159edov\u011bk pln\u011b a\u00a0bezezbytku pojednala Ma\u0159\u00edkov\u00e1 (2005, s. 89\u2013148).<\/li>\n
  13. Listina byla vyd\u00e1na v\u00a0Brn\u011b. V\u00a0kv\u011btnu t\u00e9ho\u017e roku se Karel toti\u017e nach\u00e1zel spolu s\u00a0Janem Jind\u0159ichem na Morav\u011b (Sp\u011bv\u00e1\u010dek, 1979, s. 146).<\/li>\n
  14. Uveden\u00fd latinsk\u00fd text je pom\u011brn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159elo\u017eit (se znalost\u00ed pouze klasick\u00e9 latiny). N\u011bkter\u00e9 (v\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch slovn\u00edc\u00edch obvykle nedostupn\u00e9) v\u00fdrazy (a\u00a0jejich mo\u017en\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 ekvivalenty) proto (s\u00a0ohledem na mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 dohled\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00eddav\u00e9ho \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e) pom\u011brn\u011b podrobn\u011b n\u00ed\u017ee uv\u00e1d\u00edme.<\/li>\n
  15. Listina, zahrnut\u00e1 do Liber vetustissimus Antiquae Civitatis Pragensis 1310\u20131518<\/em> (P\u00e1tkov\u00e1, ed., 2011, s.\u00a0346), je uvedena n\u00e1sledovn\u011b: \u201eKarolus, domini\u2026 regis Boemie primogenitus, marchio Morawie, fidelibus paternis et nobis dilectis\u2026 iudici, iuratis, totique communitati civium Maioris Civitatis Pragensis salutem cum plenitudine omnis boni.\u201c<\/em> Emler (1892, s. 309) uv\u00e1d\u00ed jen zkr\u00e1cen\u00fd (popisn\u00fd) \u00favod: \u201eKarolus, regis Boemiae primogenitus, marchio Morawiae, mandat juratis, civitatis Pragensis ut molendinis certam mensuram statuant.\u201c<\/em><\/li>\n
  16. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 latin\u011b v\u00fdraz fidedignus<\/em> ozna\u010doval p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b toho, kdo byl d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fd<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 mu pln\u011b v\u011b\u0159it, byl ct\u011bn\u00fdm<\/em>, v\u00e1\u017een\u00fdm<\/em> a\u00a0t\u00e9\u017e pravdomluvn\u00fdm\u00a0\u2013 \u0161lo o\u00a0d\u016fv\u011bryhodnou osobu, kter\u00e1 mohla v\u0161e rovn\u011b\u017e dosv\u011bd\u010dit v\u011brohodn\u00fdm d\u016fkazem.<\/li>\n
  17. Podle K\u00e1brta (1996. s.\u00a0434) lze tento v\u00fdraz p\u0159elo\u017eit do \u010de\u0161tiny jako sv\u011bdectv\u00ed<\/em> \u010di sv\u011bdeckou v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f<\/em>. V\u00a0p\u0159enesen\u00e9m smyslu pak ve st\u0159edov\u011bku \u0161lo i\u00a0o\u00a0d\u016fkaz<\/em> (\/der Beweis<\/em>\/\u00a0\u2013 mo\u017en\u00e1 t\u00e9\u017e o\u00a0argument<\/em> nebo \u00fastn\u00ed \u010di p\u00edsemn\u00fd doklad<\/em>).<\/li>\n
  18. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku tento v\u00fdraz neozna\u010doval (v\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm smyslu) ob\u010dany<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 naopak (v\u00fdhradn\u011b jen) m\u011b\u0161\u0165any<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  19. V\u00fdraz dictus<\/em> (ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 latin\u011b \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd) lze p\u0159elo\u017eit jako \u0159e\u010den\u00fd<\/em>, tento<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 resp. (v\u00fd\u0161e) zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd (\u0159e\u010den\u00fd)<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  20. Podle p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho slovesa (s\u00a0ohledem na st\u0159edov\u011bkou latinu) je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee \u0161lo o\u00a0osoby, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly dan\u00e9 nemovitosti v\u00a0dr\u017eb\u011b<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  21. V\u00a0dan\u00e9m kontextu jde o\u00a0nedostatky<\/em> a\u00a0\u0161kody<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  22. V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u010de\u0161tin\u011b tomuto v\u00fdrazu (vyskytoval se \/t\u00e9\u017e i\u00a0dosti z\u0159\u00eddka\/ pouze ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 latin\u011b) odpov\u00edd\u00e1 adverbium \u010dasto<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  23. Perpetior<\/em> zna\u010d\u00ed sn\u00e1\u0161et, vytrp\u011bt, zakusit<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  24. \u0160lo o\u00a0m\u00edru (v\u00fd\u0161ku jezu)<\/em> vymezenou, ur\u010denou \u010di (pevn\u011b) stanovenou.<\/li>\n
  25. Jde o\u00a0ryze st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd v\u00fdraz\u00a0\u2013 bylo by mo\u017en\u00e9 jej p\u0159elo\u017eit ekvivalentem doposud<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  26. \u0160lo o\u00a0\u010dasto u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd latinsk\u00fd v\u00fdraz\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed \u010de\u0161tin\u011b by zna\u010dil ztr\u00e1tu, \u00fajmu<\/em> \u010di \u0161kodu<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  27. M\u011bl povinnost<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  28. Pat\u0159i\u010dn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  29. Cupi\u014d<\/em> v\u011bt\u0161inou zna\u010d\u00ed (ve st\u0159edov\u011bku v\u00a0listin\u00e1ch) p\u0159\u00e1t si<\/em> (n\u011bco)\u00a0\u2013 viz\u00a0Smolov\u00e1 (2011).<\/li>\n
  30. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 latin\u011b (v\u00a0ablativn\u00ed vazb\u011b)\u00a0\u2013 t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se<\/em> (n\u011b\u010deho).<\/li>\n
  31. Huiusmod\u012b<\/em> (nesklo\u0148uje se) odpov\u00edd\u00e1 z\u00e1jmenu tento (Smolov\u00e1, 2011).<\/li>\n
  32. V\u00a0dan\u00e9m kontextu jde o\u00a0nedostatky <\/em>(i\u00a0nesn\u00e1ze<\/em>)\u00a0\u2013 viz\u00a0pozn\u00e1mku \u010d.\u00a021.<\/li>\n
  33. Pra\u017e\u00e1k, Novotn\u00fd a\u00a0Sedl\u00e1\u010dek (1955\u2008b, s. 430) uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed: \u201esal\u016bbriter, adv. (saluber) a)\u00a0zdrav\u011b, ke zdrav\u00ed, b)\u00a0prosp\u011b\u0161n\u011b, s\u00a0prosp\u011bchem\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  34. K\u00e1brt (1996, s. 348): \u201epr\u014dvide\u014d, \u0113re, v\u012bd\u012b, v\u012bsum vid\u011bt vp\u0159ed, p\u0159edv\u00eddat; b\u00fdt proz\u00edrav\u00fd, obez\u0159el\u00fd; pe\u010dovat, starat se: providere rei publicae starat se o\u00a0st\u00e1t; obstar\u00e1vat: frumentum exercitui providere obstar\u00e1vat obil\u00ed pro vojsko\u201c<\/em>. Hled\u00edkov\u00e1 (2008) t\u00e9\u017e uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201ede iuris remedio providere\u00a0\u2013 postarat se o\u00a0zjedn\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1va\u201c<\/em>. Toto sloveso bylo \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no ve smyslu obstarat, za\u0159\u00eddit n\u011bkomu obro\u010d\u00ed<\/em> (beneficium).<\/li>\n
  35. Jde o\u00a0(kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho) rycht\u00e1\u0159e<\/em> (Smolov\u00e1, 2011; \u010celakovsk\u00fd, 1921, s. 2).<\/li>\n
  36. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku byli kon\u0161el\u00e9<\/em> ozna\u010dov\u00e1ni latinsk\u00fdm v\u00fdrazem consules<\/em> (nejd\u0159\u00edve jen v\u00a0listin\u00e1ch panovnick\u00fdch \/\u010celakovsk\u00fd, 1921, s. 13\/). Stejn\u00e9 osoby jsou v\u00a0pramenech naz\u00fdv\u00e1ny t\u00e9\u017e jako iurati (jurati), socii, gesworn<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0n\u011bmecky psan\u00fdch listin\u00e1ch pak lze nal\u00e9zt p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ozna\u010den\u00ed schep(p)fen <\/em>[kmeti<\/em>]. P\u0159\u00edse\u017en\u00e9 ustanovoval v\u017edy \u010desk\u00fd kr\u00e1l t\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, \u017ee mu b\u00fdval nap\u0159.\u00a0navr\u017een t\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det nominovan\u00fdch\u00a0\u2013 kr\u00e1l pak ofici\u00e1ln\u011b jmenoval jen u\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br (Tomek, 1892, s. 269).<\/li>\n
  37. Viz\u00a0pozn\u00e1mku \u010d.\u00a019.<\/li>\n
  38. K\u00e1brt (1996, s. 184): \u201efid\u0113lis, e v\u011brn\u00fd, spolehliv\u00fd, oddan\u00fd; poctiv\u00fd, up\u0159\u00edmn\u00fd; v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed, pravov\u011brn\u00fd\u201c<\/em>. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 latin\u011b p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pak v\u011brn\u00fd, oddan\u00fd, v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed\u00a0<\/em>(Smolov\u00e1, 2011).<\/li>\n
  39. Zde sp\u00ed\u0161e jen v\u00a0p\u0159enesen\u00e9m smyslu\u00a0\u2013 tj.\u00a0rodn\u00fd, dom\u00e1c\u00ed<\/em> (Hlu\u0161\u00edkov\u00e1, 2009, s. 601).<\/li>\n
  40. K\u00e1brt (1996, s. 140): \u201ed\u012blectus, a, um (vl. part. pf. pass. od d\u012blig\u014d) obl\u00edben\u00fd, mil\u00fd, drah\u00fd\u201c<\/em>. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 latin\u011b \u0161lo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o\u00a0synonymum ke c\u0101rus<\/em> \u010di am\u0101tus<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  41. Synonymum ke graviter<\/em> (v\u00e1\u017en\u011b, d\u016fle\u017eit\u011b, v\u00fdznamn\u011b, s\u00a0v\u00e1\u017enost\u00ed<\/em>).<\/li>\n
  42. K\u00e1brt (1996, s. 273): \u201emand\u014d, \u0101re, \u0101v\u012b, \u0101tum odevzdat, sv\u011b\u0159it\u201c<\/em>. Smolov\u00e1 (2011): \u201emand\u014d, \u0101re, \u0101v\u012b, \u0101tum\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159ikazovat, sv\u011b\u0159ovat\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  43. K\u00e1brt (1996, s.\u00a0306): \u201eomn\u012bn\u014d celkem, v\u016fbec, zcela, \u00fapln\u011b, do\u010dista; ov\u0161em\u201c<\/em>. Hled\u00edkov\u00e1 (2008): \u201eomn\u012bn\u014d\u00a0\u2013 v\u016fbec\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  44. Klas. lat.: \u201egr\u0101tia\u201c<\/em>. K\u00e1brt (1996, s. 200): \u201egr\u0101tia, ae, f. p\u016fvab, vd\u011bk, kr\u00e1sa; obl\u00edbenost, p\u0159\u00edze\u0148, vliv, v\u00e1\u017enost; in gratia esse b\u00fdt v\u00a0oblib\u011b, v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edzni; p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed, l\u00e1ska; laskavost, milost; de gratia Dei z\u00a0milosti bo\u017e\u00ed; vd\u011b\u010dnost, d\u00edk\u201c<\/em>. Smolov\u00e1 (2011): \u201egratia, ae f.\u00a0\u2013 milost, d\u00edk\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  45. Internetov\u00fd slovn\u00edk (http:\/\/www.zeno.org\/Georges-1913) uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201e2. obtentus, \u016bs, m. (obtine\u014d), die Behauptung<\/em> [tvrzen\u00ed, udr\u017een\u00ed, uh\u00e1jen\u00ed, zachov\u00e1n\u00ed]\u201c. Hlu\u0161\u00edkov\u00e1 (2009, s.\u00a0569): \u201eobtentus, -\u016bs, m. \/obtine\u014d\/<\/em> 1.\u00a0obdr\u017eanie, udr\u017eanie<\/em>, 2.\u00a0tvrdenie<\/em>\u201c. Synonymem pro slovn\u00ed spojen\u00ed \u201esub obtentu\u201c<\/em> v\u0161ak bylo \u201eratione<\/em> [z\u00a0d\u016fvodu, kv\u016fli] alicuius rei<\/em> [jak\u00e9koliv z\u00e1le\u017eitosti]\u201c.<\/li>\n
  46. Podle Pra\u017e\u00e1ka, Novotn\u00e9ho a\u00a0Sedl\u00e1\u010dka (1955\u2008b, s. 363) qu\u0101tenus<\/em> zna\u010d\u00ed pokud, jak daleko, a\u017e kam, je\u017eto<\/em> a\u00a0t\u00e9\u017e aby<\/em> (spoj. \u00fa\u010del. a\u00a0snah. \/v\u00a0pozdn\u00ed a\u00a0st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 latin\u011b\/). Hled\u00edkov\u00e1 (2008): \u201equatinus, quatenus\u00a0\u2013 (spojka \u00fa\u010delov\u00e1) aby\u201c<\/em>, \u201eprecipere, quatenus\u00a0\u2013 na\u0159izovat, aby<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  47. Smolov\u00e1 (2011): \u201efretus sum aliqua re\u00a0\u2013 spol\u00e9h\u00e1m na n\u011bco, zakl\u00e1d\u00e1m si na n\u011b\u010dem\u201c<\/em>. Samotn\u00e9 adjektivum fretus<\/em> zna\u010d\u00ed: d\u016fv\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed, spol\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00ed se, maj\u00edc\u00ed oporu, jist\u00fd<\/em>. Smolov\u00e1 (2011): \u201efretus + abl.\u00a0\u2013 spol\u00e9haje na\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  48. K\u00e1brt (1996, s.\u00a047): \u201e\u2026 auctoritate regia\u00a0\u2013 z\u00a0moci kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9\u201c<\/em>. Pra\u017e\u00e1k, Novotn\u00fd a\u00a0Sedl\u00e1\u010dek (1955\u2008b, s. 392): \u201eregia, ae, f. a) kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd pal\u00e1c, kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd hrad, s\u00eddeln\u00ed m\u011bsto, kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 s\u00eddlo; n\u011bkdy jen kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd stan, b)\u00a0kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd dv\u016fr, kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 rodina, kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 hodnost\u201c<\/em> (pozn\u00e1mka: t\u00e9\u017e i\u00a0k\u00f6nigliche Herrschaft <\/em>\/vl\u00e1da, vlada\u0159stv\u00ed, panov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em>\/).<\/li>\n
  49. Smolov\u00e1 (2011): \u201eauctorit\u0101s, \u0101tis\u00a0\u2013 f. v\u00e1\u017enost, pravomoc\u201c<\/em>, \u201eauctoritate regis Bohemiae\u00a0\u2013 z\u00a0pravomoci kr\u00e1le \u010desk\u00e9ho\u201c, \u201eiussu et auctoritate\u00a0\u2013 z\u00a0rozkazu a\u00a0moci \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  50. K\u00e1brt (1996, s.\u00a089): \u201ecomm\u016bnis, e\u00a0\u2013 spole\u010dn\u00fd, obecn\u00fd\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  51. Hlu\u0161\u00edkov\u00e1 (2009, s. 514): \u201e\u2026 2. verejnos\u0165, verejn\u00e9 dobro: in medium aliquid proferre nie\u010do vyhl\u00e1si\u0165 na verejnosti, verejne ozn\u00e1mi\u0165, in medio ponere predostrie\u0165 na verejn\u00e9 rozhodnutie\u2026 res in medio posita spolo\u010dn\u00fd majetok\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  52. Smolov\u00e1 (2011): \u201einvenio, ire, veni, ventum\u00a0\u2013 naj\u00edt, nal\u00e9zt, shledat, vynal\u00e9zat\u201c<\/em>. Zachov\u00e1 (1994, s.\u00a082): \u201einveni\u014d, \u012bre, v\u0113n\u012b, ventum\u00a0\u2013 naj\u00edt, shledat, vynal\u00e9zat\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  53. Hled\u00edkov\u00e1 (2008): \u201eabsque dilacione\u00a0\u2013 bez odkladu\u201c<\/em>. Smolov\u00e1 (2011): \u201eulteriori dilacione postergata\u00a0\u2013 bez dal\u0161\u00edho pr\u016ftahu\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  54. Pra\u017e\u00e1k, Novotn\u00fd a\u00a0Sedl\u00e1\u010dek (1955a, s. 741): \u201ei\u016bstitia, ae, f. (iustus) spravedlnost, spravedlivost, spravedliv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c<\/em>. Smolov\u00e1 (2011): \u201eiustitia\u00a0\u2013 spravedlnost\u201c<\/em>. Internetov\u00fd slovn\u00edk (http:\/\/www.zeno.org\/Georges-1913) nav\u00edc je\u0161t\u011b uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201ei\u016bstitia, ae, f., I) subjektiv = die Gerechtigkeit, das Billigkeitsgef\u00fchl, die Billigkeit,\u00a0\u2013 II) objektiv = das Recht als Inbegriff [ide\u00e1l, souhrn, \u00fahrn] der Gesetze\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  55. K\u00e1brt (1996, s.\u00a0184): \u201efid\u0113s, e\u012b, f. v\u00edra, d\u016fv\u011bra: fide maius v\u011bc v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00edra, p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edru, v\u00ed\u0159e nepodobn\u00e1; habere fidem m\u00edt d\u016fv\u011bru, d\u00e1vat v\u00edru; v\u011brnost, oddanost, poctivost, \u010dest, sv\u011bdomitost: bonae fidei (gen.) esse b\u00fdt \u010destn\u00fd, sv\u011bdomit\u00fd; cum fide poctiv\u011b, \u010destn\u011b\u2026 v\u011brnost, pravdivost, hodnov\u011brnost, jistota, d\u016fkaz; ex fide podle pravdy, hodnov\u011brn\u011b\u2026\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  56. Hled\u00edkov\u00e1 (2008): \u201eimpendare et superimpendari\u00a0\u2013 vynalo\u017eit (\u00fasil\u00ed) a\u00a0vynalo\u017eit i\u00a0s\u00e1m sebe\u201c<\/em>. Smolov\u00e1 (2011): \u201eimpendo\u00a0\u2013 vynalo\u017eit\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  57. Zachov\u00e1 (1994, s.\u00a083): \u201eiuxt\u0101 vedle, podle\u201c<\/em>. Smolov\u00e1 (2011): \u201eiuxta + 4.\u00a0p.\u00a0\u2013 podle, vedle\u201c<\/em>. Velmi podrobn\u00fd internetov\u00fd latinsko\u00ad\u2011n\u011bmeck\u00fd slovn\u00edk (http:\/\/www.zeno.org\/Georges-1913) t\u00e9\u017e uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201ei\u016bxt\u0101 (verwandt mit iungo)\u2026 nach, gem\u00e4\u00df\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  58. Viz\u00a0pozn\u00e1mku \u010d.\u00a024.<\/li>\n
  59. Lexer (1872, s. 1\u2009774): \u201ek\u00fcnic, k\u00fcnec, -ges\u2026 K\u00f6nig\u2026 syncop. k\u00fcnc, md. kunic, kunig mit voller endung kuninc, kuning\u2026\u201c<\/em> (viz\u00a0t\u00e9\u017e Bok, 1995, s. 88).<\/li>\n
  60. Bok (1995, s. 160): \u201eze, praep.\u00a0\u2013 v, k\u201c<\/em>. Lexer (1876, s. 1\u2009036): \u201eze, zuo\u2026 r\u00e4uml. bezeichnet es ein r\u00e4umliches Ziel der Bewegung od. ein Ziel unr\u00e4umlicher<\/em>
    \nu. unsinnlicher t\u00e4tigkeit sowie den Punkt des Verweilens: zu, in, an, bei\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  61. Lexer (1872, s. 1\u2009782): \u201e\u2026 kunt tuon\u00a0\u2013 ohne od. mit dat. bekannt machen, sagen, zeigen, zuteil werden lassen\u2026\u201c<\/em>. Viz\u00a0t\u00e9\u017e kuntlichen = z\u0159ejm\u011b, ve\u0159ejn\u011b<\/em> (Bok, 1995,
    \ns. 88).<\/li>\n
  62. Lexer (1876, s. 146): \u201eoffen\u00ad\u2011lich adj.\u00a0\u2013 offenbar, allen wahrnehmbar oder verst\u00e4ndlich, unverholen\u2026\u201c<\/em>. Bok\u00a0(1995, s. 103): \u201eoffenlich, adj.\u00a0\u2013 ve\u0159ejn\u00fd\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  63. Lexer (1872, s. 57): \u201eane, an\u2026 2. pr\u00e4p. a, r\u00e4umlich: an, auf, in, gegen (mit dat. od. accus.), b, zeitlich: in, an (mit dat.), bis an (mit accus.), auch bei zeitl. adv. an heute heute, an gestern gestern, c, abstracte Verh\u00e4ltnisse ausdr\u00fcckend (mit dat. od. acc.): an, in, von, mit\u2026\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  64. Bok (1995, s. 47): \u201ebrief, der\u00a0\u2013 listina\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  65. Bok (1995, s. 152): \u201efur, f\u00fcr, praep.\u00a0\u2013 pro, za\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  66. Bok (1995, s. 119): \u201esint (seit, seint, sent)\u2026 pot\u00e9, potom; od; potom co; kdy\u017e; proto\u017ee\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  67. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku existovala u\u00a0tohoto slovesa velmi r\u016fznorod\u00e1 transkripce (Lexer, 1872, s. 1\u2009668\u20131\u2009669).<\/li>\n
  68. Lexer (1872, s. 949): \u201ege\u00ad\u2011tr\u00fbwen, ge\u00ad\u2011triuwen, ge\u00ad\u2011triwen, ge\u00ad\u2011trouwen, getrawen\u2026 glauben, anvertrauen; zutrauen, creditieren; sich zutrauen\u201c<\/em>. Bok (1995, s. 70): \u201egetreu (getrawe, getrewe), adj.\u00a0\u2013 v\u011brn\u00fd\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  69. Rycht\u00e1\u0159 (Bok, 1995, s. 110). Byl t\u00e9\u017e i\u00a0p\u0159edsedou sboru p\u0159\u00edse\u017en\u00fdch (Tomek, 1892,\u00a0s. 271).<\/li>\n
  70. Viz\u00a0pozn\u00e1mku \u010d.\u00a036.<\/li>\n
  71. Lexer (1872, s. 949): \u201edanne, denne, dan, den\u2026 daher, deshalb, davon; woher, weshalb, wovon\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  72. Kv\u016fli.<\/em><\/li>\n
  73. Bok (1995, s. 66): \u201e\u2026 obecn\u00fd, v\u0161eobecn\u00fd, obecn\u00ed\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  74. Bok (1995, s. 102): \u201enutz, der\u00a0\u2013 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, u\u017eitek, po\u017eitek, majetek\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  75. Internetov\u00fd slovn\u00edk (http:\/\/woerterbuchnetz.de\/): \u201el\u00e2zen\u2026 lassen\u201c<\/em>. Lexer (1878, s. 293): \u201el\u00e2zen\u2026 mit einem verabreden\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  76. Lexer (1872, s. 949): \u201ege\u00ad\u2011nant, ge\u00ad\u2011nante part. adj.; genannt, bestimmt\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  77. Tomek (1892, s. 607): \u201eV\u00e1clav Rokycansk\u00fd 1337\u20131342\u201c<\/em> (n\u011bkter\u00e9 n\u00ed\u017ee uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 Tomkovy \u010desk\u00e9 verze \/p\u0159eklady\/ p\u016fsob\u00ed \/bohu\u017eel\/ mnohdy velmi \u201en\u00e1siln\u00fdm\u201c dojmem).<\/li>\n
  78. Tomek (1892, s. 611): \u201eMenhart syn Olbram\u016fv\u201c<\/em> (v\u0161ichni n\u00e1sledn\u011b jmenovan\u00ed p\u0159\u00edse\u017en\u00ed \/kon\u0161el\u00e9, kmeti\/ existovali v\u00a0obdob\u00ed 24.\u00a01.\u00a01340\u201321.\u00a03.\u00a01341 \/tedy v\u00a0dob\u011b seps\u00e1n\u00ed zde pojedn\u00e1van\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 listiny s\u00a0datem 23.\u00a012.\u00a01340\/).<\/li>\n
  79. Bok (1995, s. 123): \u201esun, der\u00a0\u2013 syn\u201c<\/em> (tj.\u00a0der Sohn).<\/li>\n
  80. Tomek (1892, s. 611 \/n\u00e1sledn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na se nal\u00e9zaj\u00ed tamt\u00e9\u017e\/): \u201eV\u00e1clav syn Albrecht\u016fv\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  81. Mikol\u00e1\u0161 Rost<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  82. Petr z\u00a0Nymburka<\/em> (dle na\u0161eho n\u00e1zoru se zde Tomek m\u00fdl\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 k\u0159estn\u00ed jm\u00e9no Peschyl \/Peschel\/<\/em> sp\u00ed\u0161e souvis\u00ed s\u00a0francouzsk\u00fdm Pasquale<\/em> \/viz\u00a0http:\/\/www.vorname.de\/\u00a0\u2013 \u0161lo mo\u017en\u00e1 o\u00a0kolonistu a\u017e z\u00a0Alsaska<\/em>). Internetov\u00e1 datab\u00e1ze (http:\/\/www.beliebte\u00ad\u2011vornamen.de\/) uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201ePeter (Petter, Petterlen, Peyr, Pett)\u201c.<\/em><\/li>\n
  83. Eiblin Wacinger<\/em> (op\u011bt si s\u00a0Tomkem dovol\u00edme nesouhlasit\u00a0\u2013 Eiblin<\/em> je sp\u00ed\u0161e \u017eensk\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem).<\/li>\n
  84. Mertlin Matou\u0161\u016fv z\u00a0Chebu<\/em>. Datab\u00e1ze (http:\/\/www.beliebte\u00ad\u2011vornamen.de\/) pak podrobn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201eMartin (Mertin, Mertein, Merten, Marten, Mertten, Marte, Merte, Mertlin, Merthein, Mertlein, Marthes)\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  85. Wolflin od Kamene<\/em>. Internetov\u00e1 datab\u00e1ze (http:\/\/www.beliebte\u00ad\u2011vornamen.de\/): \u201eWolff (Wolf, Wolfflin, W\u00f6lfflein, Wolffel, Wollff, Wolfflein)\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  86. Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u010cern\u00fd.<\/em><\/li>\n
  87. Jake\u0161 Bavor.<\/em><\/li>\n
  88. Meinlin Rokycansk\u00fd.<\/em><\/li>\n
  89. Old\u0159ich syn Jana kraje\u010de suken.<\/em> (Tomek \/1892, s. 611\/\u00a0\u2013 t\u00e9\u017e i\u00a0pozn\u00e1mky v\u00fd\u0161e). Datab\u00e1ze (http:\/\/www.beliebte\u00ad\u2011vornamen.de\/): \u201eUlrich (Ullrich, Ullrych, Ulrych, Ul, Ullin, Ull, Ulle, Ullen, Ullein, Urrich)\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  90. Internetov\u00fd slovn\u00edk (http:\/\/woerterbuchnetz.de\/): \u201egewantsn\u00eeder\u00a0\u2013 Tuchausschneider, Tuchh\u00e4ndler\u201c<\/em>. \u0160lo o\u00a0tzv.\u00a0kraje\u010de suken<\/em> (obchodn\u00edka)\u00a0\u2013 prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b drah\u00e1 dov\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 sukna (Tomek, 1892, s. 335).<\/li>\n
  91. P\u00edsa\u0159 uveden\u00e9 listiny m\u00e1 v\u00a0mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech \u201erozkol\u00edsan\u00fd\u201c pravopis\u00a0\u2013 viz\u00a0pozn\u00e1mku \u010d.\u00a079.<\/li>\n
  92. Viz\u00a0pozn\u00e1mku \u010d.\u00a036.<\/li>\n
  93. Bok (1995, s. 47): \u201eburger, der\u00a0\u2013 m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  94. Bok (1995, s. 39): \u201ebekennen, v.\u00a0\u2013 vyznat, vyzn\u00e1vat\u201c<\/em>. Podrobn\u011bji pak Lexer (1872,\u00a0s. 163): \u201ebe\u00ad\u2011kennen\u2026 kennen, erkennen\u2026 Bescheid wissen, zur Erkenntnis kommen\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  95. Op\u011bt nejednotnost pravopisu\u00a0\u2013 viz\u00a0pozn\u00e1mku \u010d.\u00a091.<\/li>\n
  96. Lexer (1872, s. 759): \u201epr\u00fceven, br\u00fceven, br\u00fcefen\u2026 beweisen, erweisen, dartun, schildern; bemerken, wahrnehmen; erw\u00e4gen, sch\u00e4tzen (taxare); berechnen, nachz\u00e4len, z\u00e4len; erproben; erw\u00e4gend veranlassen, hervorbringen, anstiften, zurecht machen, bewirken, r\u00fcsten u. schm\u00fccken entwickelt haben\u201c.<\/em> Etymologicky lze dolo\u017eit (p\u0159es starofrancouz\u0161tinu) vznik z\u00a0latinsk\u00e9ho probare<\/em> [t\u00e9\u017e i\u00a0zkoumat, prozkoumat].<\/li>\n
  97. V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 n\u011bm\u010din\u011b zna\u010d\u00ed das Gebrechen chorobu, nedostatek, neduh, z\u00e1vadu<\/em>. Bok (1995, s. 63): \u201egebrechen, das\u00a0\u2013 nedostatek, \u0161patn\u00fd stav, \u0161koda\u201c<\/em>. Lexer (1872,\u00a0s. 759): \u201ege\u00ad\u2011br\u00ebchen stn. not [pot\u00ed\u017e, b\u00edda, nedostatek, nezbytnost, nouze, tr\u00e1pen\u00ed, t\u011b\u017ekost], mangel [nedostatek, vada, z\u00e1vada, defekt, deficit]\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  98. Bok (1995, s. 91): \u201eleiden\u2026 sn\u00e1\u0161et, trp\u011bt\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  99. Lexer (1876, s. 1\u2009721): \u201eumbe pr\u00e4p. u. adv.\u00a0\u2013 auch unbe, umb, ump, \u00fcmbe, umme \u00fcmme, um \u00fcm\u2026 1. pr\u00e4p. mit acc. um, im kreise, r\u00e4uml\u201c.<\/em><\/li>\n
  100. Bok (1995, s. 101): \u201enieren, nierent, nirgent, adv.\u00a0\u2013 nikde; nikam; nirgen anders nikam jinam\u201c.<\/em><\/li>\n
  101. Bok (1995, s. 95): \u201emass, die\u00a0\u2013 m\u00edra; m\u00e1z\u2026\u201c<\/em>. Lexer (1872, s. 2\u2009064): \u201em\u00e2z stn.\u00a0\u2013 eine bestimmte quantit\u00e4t\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  102. Lexer (1872, s. 449): \u201ed\u00f4r =d\u00f4\u201c<\/em>. Lexer (1872, s. 449): \u201ed\u00f4 adv. temp. bisweilen duo u. seit dem 14. Jh. oft mit d\u00e2 verwechselt; allgem. u. zwar 1. demonstr. da, damals, darauf; einen gegensatz einf\u00fchrend: aber, doch; oft nur den Fortschritt der Rede bezeichnend; 2. relat. als; d\u00f4r als er, d\u00f4s als sie; 3. fragend wie d\u00f4? wie nun?\u201c<\/em>. Bok (1995, s. 50): \u201edo, adv. konj.\u00a0\u2013 tehdy, kdy, kde, kdy\u017e\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  103. Dle v\u0161eho jde o\u00a0st\u0159edohornon\u011bmeck\u00e9 inne<\/em>. Lexer (1872, s. 1\u2009438): \u201einne r\u00e4uml. adv. ine\u2026 als pr\u00e4pos. mit gen. innerhalb: inne des, demonstr. u. relat. indessen, unterdessen\u2026\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  104. Lexer (1876, s. 810): \u201eschul = schulde\u201c<\/em>. Lexer (1876, s. 810): \u201eschulde, schult\u2026 ist im allgemeinen das Verh\u00e4ltnis dessen, der f\u00fcr etwas als urheber einsteht, daher entweder die Verpflichtung zu Busse, Ersatz, Strafe oder auch das Verdienst: Verpflichtung etw. zu geben, das zu gebende, Geldschuld (zu zalende od. zu fordernde), lat. debitum\u201c<\/em>. Bok (1995, s. 116): \u201eschuld, die\u00a0\u2013 z\u00e1vazek, dluh, vina\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  105. Bok (1995, s. 73): \u201egreifen (an etwas)\u00a0\u2013 s\u00e1hnout na n\u011bco, napadnout n\u011bco\u00a0\u2013 greifen (in etwas) zasahovat do n\u011b\u010deho\u2026\u201c<\/em><\/li>\n
  106. Internetov\u00fd slovn\u00edk (http:\/\/woerterbuchnetz.de\/): \u201ege\u00ad\u2011d\u00fbren, ge\u00ad\u2011t\u00fbren\u00a0\u2013 aushalten, stand halten\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  107. Lexer (1878, s. 433): \u201evol, volle, vollen adv. vollst\u00e4ndig, g\u00e4nzlich<\/em>\u201c.<\/li>\n
  108. Zp\u016fsobit (n\u011bco)<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  109. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdokoliv<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  110. Evidentn\u011b jde o\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 sloveso bebauen<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  111. Ot\u00e1zkou z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, kolik p\u0159estupn\u00edk\u016f bylo skute\u010dn\u011b potrest\u00e1no. Listina m\u00e1 datum 23.\u00a012.\u00a01340. Lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee sbor byl ustanoven a\u017e n\u011bkdy v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu jara \u010di l\u00e9ta 1341. Hned na po\u010d\u00e1tku n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho roku (3.\u00a02.\u00a01342) byl Juditin most str\u017een extr\u00e9mn\u00ed povodn\u00ed (Svoboda, Va\u0161k\u016f a\u00a0C\u00edlek, 2003, s. 185\u2013187). Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nejen on\u00a0\u2013 i\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161ina ml\u00fdn\u016f a\u00a0jez\u016f (mnohem podrobn\u011bji ne\u017e v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e1 publikace o\u00a0t\u00e9to etr\u00e9mn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1 Tomek \/1892, s. 579\u2013580\/). Na z\u00e1v\u011br t\u00e9to pozn\u00e1mky si dovol\u00edme uv\u00e9st vlastn\u00ed \u201ehistorickou anekdotu\u201c\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159estupn\u00edky n\u00e1sledn\u011b ji\u017e nikdo z\u00a0kon\u0161el\u016f trestat nemusel (v\u0161e pln\u011b za\u0159\u00eddil \u201eten naho\u0159e\u201c).<\/li>\n
  112. Pokuta ulo\u017een\u00e1 kon\u0161ely napoprv\u00e9 \u010dinila 10 kop\u00a0\u2013 tj.\u00a0600 (60\u00d710) pra\u017esk\u00fdch gro\u0161\u016f (\u201e\u2026 so sol der schuldig czehen schok grozzer zvm ersten mal zv puez geben an dye stat\u201c<\/em>). Po dal\u0161\u00ed (druh\u00e9 \/opakovan\u00e9\/) st\u00ed\u017enosti (pokud nebylo p\u016fvodn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed dodr\u017eeno) se pokuta zv\u00fd\u0161ila na hodnotu 1 200. Napot\u0159et\u00ed pak musel vin\u00edk zaplatit 1\u2009800 pra\u017esk\u00fdch gro\u0161\u016f\u00a0\u2013 byl mu t\u00e9\u017e kon\u0161ely (ve stejn\u00e9m roce) zcela zak\u00e1z\u00e1n i\u00a0provoz ml\u00fdna.<\/li>\n
  113. Viz\u00a0pozn\u00e1mku \u010d.\u00a06.<\/li>\n
  114. Kniha privilegi\u00ed Starom\u011bstsk\u00fdch<\/em> \u010d.\u00a0202 list 14 v\u00a0Archivu hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Prahy za n\u00e1pisem: \u201eVejklad t\u00e9ho\u017e privilegium na \u010desko\u201c<\/em>. Jin\u00fd \u010desk\u00fd p\u0159eklad uve\u0159ejnil Pelzel\u00a0\u2013 t\u00e9\u017e jin\u00fd je v\u00a0knize Novom\u011bstsk\u00fdch privilegi\u00ed<\/em> \u010d.\u00a0331 (\u010celakovsk\u00fd, ed., 1886, s. 142).<\/li>\n
  115. Dovol\u00edme si, pro zaj\u00edmavost, uv\u00e9st p\u016fvodn\u00ed st\u0159edohornon\u011bmeck\u00e9 zn\u011bn\u00ed \u00favodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti t\u00e9to listiny: \u201eWir Karln von gotes gnaden Romischer keiser, zu allen czeiten merer des reichs und konig zu Beheim\u2026\u201c<\/em>. Tomu ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 latin\u011b odpov\u00eddala tato sekvence: \u201eKarolus (Carolus) quartus divina favente clemencia Romanorum imperator semper augustus et Boemie rex\u2026\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  116. Tento pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159eklad listu, jeho\u017e p\u016fvodn\u00ed latinsk\u00fd text se nezachoval, byl zaps\u00e1n do novom\u011bstsk\u00e9 pam\u011btn\u00ed knihy \u010d.\u00a0332 na str.\u00a0173 (ulo\u017een v\u00a0Archivu hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Prahy) za n\u00e1pisem: \u201eFundace a\u00a0vejsada mlejnc\u016fv na lod\u011bch\u201c<\/em> (\u010celakovsk\u00fd, ed., 1886, s. 173).<\/li>\n
  117. Na tento text ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve upozornil Ji\u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd (1870, s.\u00a070\u201371). Uveden\u00fd autor spr\u00e1vn\u011b dovodil, \u017ee vodn\u00ed toky musely b\u00fdt i\u00a0v\u00a0t\u00e9to dob\u011b (14.\u00a0stol.) p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b soukrom\u00fdm majetkem d\u011bdin, na jejich\u017e \u00fazem\u00ed se nal\u00e9zaly. O\u00a0jak\u00e9mkoliv ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00edm pojet\u00ed men\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch tok\u016f nen\u00ed proto mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00a0t\u00e9to dob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b hovo\u0159it.<\/li>\n
  118. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek m\u00e1 latinsk\u00fd n\u00e1zev: \u201eDe custodia silvarum, quae succisae furtum ducuntur per aquas\u201c<\/em>. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 jej p\u0159elo\u017eit n\u00e1sledovn\u011b: \u201eO\u00a0p\u00e9\u010di o\u00a0stromy (kl\u00e1dy), kter\u00e9 (ji\u017e) pora\u017een\u00e9 jsou tajn\u011b (\/pokradmu\/ zlod\u011bji) po vod\u00e1ch (vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch\u00a0\u2013 \u0159ek\u00e1ch) splavov\u00e1ny\u201c<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  119. P\u016fvodn\u00ed latinsk\u00fd text (Palack\u00fd, ed., 1844, s. 137) je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: \u201ePurggravios seu castellanos nostros castrorum infra scriptorum, super labentia flumina regni situatorum, curam vigilem et custodiam die noctuque habere volumus diligentem, ut ligna quaeque vel arbores, quae plurimae in silvis nostris subreptae per eadem flumina duci percepimus, et demum, nostra conscientia inconsulta, verti in utilitates proprias privatorum, in camerae nostrae dispendium et gravamen. Cum igitur territorium et districtum castri, cui quisque praeest, pervenerint, per eos vel per alios, quos ad id duxerint deputandos, intercipiantur, et arrestentur, simul et personae quaecunque ducentes ligna et arbores supradictas; et statim facta nobis conscientia speciali, tamdiu eas teneant arrestatas, donec a\u00a0nobis aliud habuerint in mandatis; nisi patentes literas nostras ostenderent, aut alia intersigna, ad haec specialiter deputata, per quas forte illis majestas regia concesserit eas arbores deducendas; poena imminente castellanis praedictis, si scienter permiserint transire arbores aliquas sive ligna contra mentem ordinationis praesentis, amissionis officli et dupli restitutionis in fiscum valoris sic dictarum arborum vel lignorum. Si vero negligenter et ignoranter, poena dupli tantummodo feriatur; poenis aliis, contra caedentes vel ducentes arbores sive ligna statutis, firmis manentibus atque fixis.\u201c<\/em><\/li>\n
  120. S\u00a0ohledem na mo\u017en\u00e9ho zv\u00eddav\u00e9ho \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e (pro snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed porovn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech jazykov\u00fdch verz\u00ed) si dovol\u00edme uv\u00e9st i\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00fd dostupn\u00fd p\u0159eklad uveden\u00e9 pas\u00e1\u017ee (Karel\u00a0IV., Ma\u0161ek, ed. a\u00a0Bl\u00e1hov\u00e1, ed., 2003, s. 206\u2013207 \/po na\u0161ich drobn\u00fdch \u00faprav\u00e1ch\/): \u201eChceme, aby na\u0161i purkrab\u00ed \u010di kastel\u00e1ni n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00fdch hrad\u016f, nal\u00e9zaj\u00edc\u00edch se na tekouc\u00edch \u0159ek\u00e1ch kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, v\u011bnovali bd\u011blou a\u00a0sv\u011bdomitou pozornost, ve dne i\u00a0v\u00a0noci, ve\u0161ker\u00fdm kl\u00e1d\u00e1m \u010di strom\u016fm, kter\u00e9, jak jsme se doslechli, se v\u00a0hojn\u00e9m po\u010dtu, ukraden\u00e9 v\u00a0na\u0161ich les\u00edch, po t\u011bchto \u0159ek\u00e1ch p\u0159epravuj\u00ed a\u00a0potom se p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed, bez na\u0161eho v\u011bdom\u00ed, v\u00a0osobn\u00ed zisk soukromn\u00edk\u016f ke \u0161kod\u011b a\u00a0t\u00ed\u017ei na\u0161\u00ed komory; kdy\u017e se tedy dostanou na \u00fazem\u00ed nebo do oblasti hrad\u016f, jim\u017e oni vl\u00e1dnou, nech\u0165 jsou od nich nebo od jin\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 se k\u00a0tomu rozhodnou ur\u010dit, zachyceny a\u00a0zadr\u017eeny; a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 i\u00a0v\u0161echny osoby, kter\u00e9 \u0159e\u010den\u00e9 kl\u00e1dy a\u00a0stromy p\u0159epravuj\u00ed; a\u0165 n\u00e1m ihned, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 kv\u016fli tomu, daj\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bt a\u00a0a\u0165 je zadr\u017euj\u00ed tak dlouho, dokud od n\u00e1s neobdr\u017e\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fd jin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkaz, pokud by tyto osoby neuk\u00e1zaly n\u00e1\u0161 otev\u0159en\u00fd list nebo jin\u00e1, v\u00fdhradn\u011b k\u00a0tomu ur\u010den\u00e1, pozn\u00e1vac\u00ed znamen\u00ed, jimi\u017e jim kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd Majest\u00e1t povolil tyto stromy p\u0159epravit; av\u0161ak dopust\u00ed\u00ad\u2011li se toho z\u00a0nedbalosti a\u00a0neznalosti, bude posti\u017een pouze trestem dvojn\u00e1sobku; ostatn\u00ed tresty, ur\u010den\u00e9 t\u011bm, kdo k\u00e1cej\u00ed nebo p\u0159epravuj\u00ed stromy, z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pevn\u00e9 a\u00a0nem\u011bnn\u00e9.\u201c<\/em><\/li>\n
  121. Viz\u00a0pozn\u00e1mku \u010d.\u00a09.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    This year could every citizen of our country record a truly remarkable anniversary \u2013 the 700th anniversary of the birth of Charles IV.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":2509,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[593,594,118],"coauthors":[552],"class_list":["post-2544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","tag-legal-relations-to-waters","tag-luxemburg","tag-water"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2544","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2544"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2544\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30352,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2544\/revisions\/30352"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2509"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2544"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2544"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=2544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}