{"id":23725,"date":"2022-10-05T14:32:55","date_gmt":"2022-10-05T13:32:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/2022\/10\/aktualni-verze-modelu-bilan-2\/"},"modified":"2024-07-23T17:28:16","modified_gmt":"2024-07-23T16:28:16","slug":"aktualni-verze-modelu-bilan-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2022\/10\/aktualni-verze-modelu-bilan-2\/","title":{"rendered":"The current version of the BILAN model"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">BILAN is a comprehensive conceptual model in a daily\/monthly structure (the diagram is shown in <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fig. 1<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">), simulating the components of the hydrological balance in a basin. Although its development was started at TGM WRI at the beginning of 1990s, it is a model that is still used as a standard in the Czech Republic and remains accessible to the lay and professional public; for example, it is an integral part of the HAMR application \/ system solution [1], but has also been used elsewhere [2\u20134]. The main advantages of the model, compared to other solutions, include internal calibration algorithms, the possibility of direct input of water use data, and low computational complexity suitable for variant simulations (e.g., the effects of climate change on water regime). The last text dedicated to the structure of the BILAN model was published in VTEI on 7 August 2015 [5], so we think it is a good time to document that this simulation tool is keeping up with the present and the model structure is being continuously modified based on research and societal requirements. Nowadays, the BILAN model is also used for projects such as Centrum Voda, PERUN, and Interreg CE Thaya.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Naturally, over time, general trends in software development and hydrological modelling have changed, as a result of which the original code was rewritten from the Object Pascal language to C++ and further expanded with a package containing an application program interface to the R environment. A graphical user interface and a web environment were also added at <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/bilan.vuv.cz\/\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">http:\/\/bilan.vuv.cz<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> The user manual and documentation for the model can also be found here. The package for R was originally housed in the <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Comprehensive R Archive Network<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> (CRAN) repository. Recently, it was decided to establish a versioning system for storing the source code of the software directly hosted on the TGM WRI servers. This solution comes from GitLab Inc. and uses today&#8217;s standard secure source code management technology \u2013 Git. It is possible to find the BILAN model repository at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/git.vuv.cz\/hydrology-department\/bilan\"><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">https:\/\/git.vuv.cz\/hydrology-department\/bilan<\/span><\/i><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. It is also possible for any user to install the R package directly from this website.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">BILAN is currently (at the time of writing) in version 2022-07-22 and contains:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Alternative options for estimating potential evapotranspiration in\/for the basin using a smaller or larger number of input variables. These include, for example, daily temperature minimums and maximums, the length of the day or the solar radiation constant, the psychrometric constant or the tension of saturated water vapour. Estimation of potential evapotranspiration is usually the first step in simulating the water balance in a basin; therefore, its accuracy has a direct and fundamental impact on the success of determining the remaining components of the balance.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The implemented equations that define these estimates are known by the following names: <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Blaney-Criddle (1) <\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[6], <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Priestley-Taylor (2) <\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[7], <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Hamon (3) <\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[8], and <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Hargreaves-Samani (4) <\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[9]. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Until now, a method based only on average daily temperature and latitude was available in the model [<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">10<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">]. These techniques can either provide more adequate values, especially if the quantities mentioned are obtained by precise measurement, or offer greater variability of the required inputs. In addition, their implementation is suitable for comparative studies of models that work with comprehensive data sets, for example from the MOPEX or CANOPEX projects, in which daily temperature ranges are more often available than average daily temperatures.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Complete list of equations:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/model-BILAN-vysvetlivky.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-23725];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"728\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-17350 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/model-BILAN-vysvetlivky.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/model-BILAN-vysvetlivky.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/model-BILAN-vysvetlivky-300x273.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/model-BILAN-vysvetlivky-768x699.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/728;\" \/><\/a>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Kling-Gupta <\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">e<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">fficiency<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\"> (KGE) \u2013 composite calibration criterion [<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">11<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">].\u00a0<\/span> KGE has been relatively widely used in hydrology in recent years because it addresses the shortcomings of criteria using mean squared error. This is also the case of the better-known and long-used <i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\"> criterion [12]. The mean squared error is divided here into three diagnostically significant components \u2013 correlation, systematic error, and variability. The relative importance of these components can be adjusted using the weights that are assigned to the <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">internal term, with <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">the default values being equal. In general, the KGE equation (5) contains a correlation term <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">r<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\"> between two time series, then a member <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u03b1<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\"> to assess the systematic error, and finally a member <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u03b2<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">, which compares the mutual variability.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Pavlik-vzorecek-2.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-23725];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"795\" height=\"88\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-16901 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Pavlik-vzorecek-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Pavlik-vzorecek-2.jpg 795w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Pavlik-vzorecek-2-300x33.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Pavlik-vzorecek-2-768x85.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 795px) 100vw, 795px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 795px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 795\/88;\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">There are multiple implementations of this criterion. In the BILAN model (6), a following variant is used:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML&quot; display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;\/math&gt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/model-BILAN-vysvetlivky-2.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-23725];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"284\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-17348 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/model-BILAN-vysvetlivky-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/model-BILAN-vysvetlivky-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/model-BILAN-vysvetlivky-2-300x107.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/model-BILAN-vysvetlivky-2-768x273.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/284;\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">In the coming years, t<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">he <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/git.vuv.cz\/\"><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">https:\/\/git.vuv.cz<\/span><\/i><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> domain <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">will be used to make available other open-source software originating from the research activities of the TGM WRI hydrology department. By the end of 2022, the graphic version of the BILAN model will also be moved and the same modifications will be made, which will also be transitioned to the new, sixth version of the Qt framework.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Bilan-obr-1-1.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-23725];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"1322\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-17470 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Bilan-obr-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Bilan-obr-1-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Bilan-obr-1-1-182x300.jpg 182w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Bilan-obr-1-1-620x1024.jpg 620w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Bilan-obr-1-1-768x1269.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/1322;\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h6><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fig. 1. Diagram describing the structure of the BILAN model in a monthly calculation step\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW232034177 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW232034177 BCX0\">The article was translated on the basis of the Czech original by Environmental Translation Ltd.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW232034177 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BILAN je celistv\u00fd konceptu\u00e1ln\u00ed model v denn\u00ed\/m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed struktu\u0159e (sch\u00e9ma je uvedeno na obr. 1), simuluj\u00edc\u00ed slo\u017eky hydrologick\u00e9 bilance na povod\u00ed. P\u0159esto\u017ee jeho v\u00fdvoj byl nastartov\u00e1n ve V\u00daV TGM ji\u017e po\u010d\u00e1tkem devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, jde o model, kter\u00fd je v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice st\u00e1le standardn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n a z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd laick\u00e9 i odborn\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti. Nap\u0159\u00edklad je ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed aplikace\/syst\u00e9mu HAMR [1], ale byl pou\u017eit i jinde [2\u20134]. Mezi hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhody modelu oproti jin\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm pat\u0159\u00ed intern\u00ed kalibra\u010dn\u00ed algoritmy, mo\u017enost p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat o u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vod a n\u00edzk\u00e1 v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed n\u00e1ro\u010dnost vhodn\u00e1 pro variantn\u00ed simulov\u00e1n\u00ed (nap\u0159. dopad\u016f klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny na vodn\u00ed re\u017eim).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":17061,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,86],"tags":[1551,106,2450,1401,3208],"coauthors":[1377,27],"class_list":["post-23725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-from-the-world-of-water-management","category-hydraulics-hydrology-and-hydrogeology","tag-hamr","tag-hydrological-balance","tag-hydrology","tag-impacts-of-climate-change","tag-simulation"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23725","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23725"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23725\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31377,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23725\/revisions\/31377"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17061"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23725"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23725"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23725"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=23725"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}