{"id":2290,"date":"2016-08-08T09:57:44","date_gmt":"2016-08-08T09:57:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=2290"},"modified":"2024-07-16T11:41:05","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T10:41:05","slug":"strategy-for-protection-against-negative-impacts-of-floods-and-erosion-phenomena-by-nature%c2%ad%e2%80%91friendly-measures-in-the-czech-republic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2016\/08\/strategy-for-protection-against-negative-impacts-of-floods-and-erosion-phenomena-by-nature%c2%ad%e2%80%91friendly-measures-in-the-czech-republic\/","title":{"rendered":"Strategy for protection against negative impacts of floods and erosion phenomena by nature\u00ad\u2011friendly measures in the Czech Republic"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle fa-3x pull-left\"><\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n<h2>Souhrn<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek popisuje d\u016fvody a\u00a0okolnosti vzniku projektu Strategie ochrany p\u0159ed negativn\u00edmi dopady povodn\u00ed a\u00a0erozn\u00edmi jevy p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice, kter\u00fd byl \u0159e\u0161en V\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm \u00fastavem vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm T. G. Masaryka,\u00a0v.\u00a0v.\u00a0i., ve spolupr\u00e1ci se sdru\u017een\u00edm spole\u010dnost\u00ed Sweco Hydroprojekt\u00a0a.\u00a0s., VRV,\u00a0a.\u00a0s., SINDLAR Group,\u00a0s.\u00a0r.\u00a0o., a WASTECH,\u00a0a.\u00a0s.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00davod<\/h2>\n<p>Vodn\u00ed re\u017eim \u010desk\u00e9 krajiny pro\u0161el v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu 20. stolet\u00ed zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed prom\u011bnou. Ta \u00fazce souvis\u00ed se zm\u011bnami uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed krajiny, v\u00fdstavbou dopravn\u00ed infrastruktury, roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm z\u00e1stavby, devastac\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch ploch v\u00a0t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch oblastech, intenzifikac\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed, odvod\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm, scelov\u00e1n\u00edm a\u00a0rozor\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm pozemk\u016f, zhor\u0161en\u00edm struktury zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy, zm\u011bnou skladby lesa a\u00a0regulac\u00ed vodote\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0d\u016fsledku t\u011bchto a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch necitliv\u00fdch z\u00e1sah\u016f do vodn\u00edho re\u017eimu krajiny a\u00a0v\u00a0kombinaci s\u00a0mo\u017en\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinky klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny do\u0161lo a\u00a0st\u00e1le doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0negativn\u00edm projev\u016fm povodn\u00ed a\u00a0hydrologick\u00e9ho sucha s\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmi dopady: zan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed vodote\u010d\u00ed a\u00a0vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, splachy ornice do intravil\u00e1nu obc\u00ed, \u0161kody na majetku ob\u010dan\u016f, instituc\u00ed a\u00a0spole\u010dnost\u00ed, sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00farodnosti a\u00a0v\u00fdnosovosti zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy, t\u011b\u017eebn\u011b dopravn\u00ed eroze na lesn\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b, zhor\u0161en\u00ed pedohydrologick\u00e9 bilance, sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed hladiny podzemn\u00ed vody a\u00a0roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed aridn\u00edch oblast\u00ed na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Uveden\u00e9 vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na z\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bhu velkoplo\u0161n\u00fdch region\u00e1ln\u00edch povodn\u00ed v\u00a0letech 1997 a\u00a02002 a\u017e 2013 stejn\u011b jako z\u00a0d\u016fsledk\u016f katastrof\u00e1ln\u00edch povod\u0148ov\u00fdch situac\u00ed vyvolan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdmi sr\u00e1\u017ekami (rok 2009) i\u00a0epizodick\u00fdch lok\u00e1ln\u00edch projev\u016f tohoto p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e9ho jevu. Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee n\u00e1prava minul\u00fdch z\u00e1sah\u016f si vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 \u0159adu let a\u00a0\u017ee se bude jednat o\u00a0\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dnou, ale systematickou \u201erekonstrukci\u201c krajiny. Sou\u010dasn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 \u201erekonstrukce\u201c, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 mj.\u00a0na nastaven\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00edho vztahu vodn\u00edho re\u017eimu a\u00a0struktury krajiny, vy\u017eaduje komplexn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup a\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00edcestup\u0148ov\u00e9 optimalizace navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. Adapta\u010dn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e na dopady klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny v\u00a0cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed v\u010dasnou realizaci soustav preventivn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0d\u016fsledku povedou ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed retence vody v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed a\u00a0k\u00a0lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b cel\u00e9 plochy povod\u00ed na negativn\u00ed vlivy klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny. Dosavadn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy prevence jsou poznamen\u00e1ny jist\u00fdm stupn\u011bm rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bnosti a\u00a0mnohdy i\u00a0n\u00edzkou \u00farovn\u00ed faktick\u00e9 koordinace.<\/p>\n<p>Pl\u00e1novac\u00ed agendy, kter\u00e9 se z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem prom\u00edtaj\u00ed do krajiny, jsou vedeny r\u016fzn\u00fdmi subjekty a\u00a0spravov\u00e1ny obvykle za jin\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem. Vlastnick\u00e9 vztahy, kter\u00e9 jsou tak podstatn\u00e9 (n\u011bkdy i\u00a0limituj\u00edc\u00ed) pro zm\u011bnu uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed krajiny, protierozn\u00ed \u00fapravy a\u00a0n\u00e1vrhy spole\u010dn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jsou garantov\u00e1ny stavem katastru nemovitost\u00ed a\u00a0d\u00e1le metodikou i\u00a0navazuj\u00edc\u00ed agendou komplexn\u00edch pozemkov\u00fdch \u00faprav podle z\u00e1kona \u010d.\u00a0139\/2002\u00a0Sb. Nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d pomyslnou lini\u00ed vlastnick\u00fdch vztah\u016f v\u00a0krajin\u011b a\u00a0rozd\u011blen\u00ed krajiny na katastr\u00e1ln\u011b evidovanou zem\u011bd\u011blskou a\u00a0lesn\u00ed p\u016fdu proch\u00e1zej\u00ed pl\u00e1ny d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch povod\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161\u00ed po\u017eadavky R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch 2000\/60\/ES a\u00a0jsou nov\u011b z\u00e1sadn\u00edm pl\u00e1novac\u00edm n\u00e1strojem ve vodn\u00edm hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm krokem je tvorba \u00fazemn\u011b analytick\u00fdch podklad\u016f (\u00daAP) podle vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky \u010d.\u00a0500\/2006 Sb. a\u00a0jejich zaveden\u00ed do \u00fazemn\u011b pl\u00e1novac\u00ed agendy krajsk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f a\u00a0obc\u00ed s\u00a0roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou p\u016fsobnost\u00ed (ORP). Nicm\u00e9n\u011b souhrnn\u011b lze konstatovat, \u017ee jsou st\u00e1le patrn\u00e9 resortn\u00ed bari\u00e9ry, nekoordinovanost a\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed datov\u00fdch propojen\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch agend\/datab\u00e1z\u00ed a\u00a0s\u00a0t\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00ed efekty z\u00a0jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00a0prostorov\u00e9m pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Komplexn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup p\u0159edstavuje \u00fa\u010deln\u00e9 propojen\u00ed agrotechnick\u00fdch, biotechnick\u00fdch a\u00a0technick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed do jedn\u00e9 funk\u010dn\u00ed soustavy zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed akumulace vody v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed kulmina\u010dn\u00edch pr\u016ftok\u016f p\u0159i povodn\u00edch a\u00a0zpomalen\u00ed pr\u016fchod\u016f povod\u0148ov\u00fdch vln, lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravu \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00a0z\u00e1plavov\u00fdch oblastech a\u00a0sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed erozn\u00edho smyvu ze zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 i\u00a0lesn\u00ed p\u016fdy. Uplatn\u011bn\u00edm uveden\u00e9ho komplexn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu ve vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed dojde k\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm synergick\u00fdm efekt\u016fm, k\u00a0finan\u010dn\u00edm \u00faspor\u00e1m a\u00a0ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u0161kod na \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed i\u00a0majetku ob\u010dan\u016f. Zaveden\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed pouze jednoho typu znamen\u00e1 nevyv\u00e1\u017eenost, kter\u00e1 z\u00a0hlediska trvale udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch princip\u016f spr\u00e1vy \u00fazem\u00ed povede ke zv\u00fdrazn\u011bn\u00ed negativn\u00edch d\u016fsledk\u016f mo\u017en\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny.<\/p>\n<h2>Komplexn\u00ed projekt jako \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed skute\u010dnosti v\u00a0dan\u00e9 v\u011bci p\u0159ineslo usnesen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010cR \u010d.\u00a0541\/2008 ze dne 14.\u00a05.\u00a02008, na jeho\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b byla resorty M\u017dP a\u00a0MZe vypracov\u00e1na Koncepce \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed problematiky ochrany p\u0159ed povodn\u011bmi v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm technick\u00fdch a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Tato koncepce byla dne 10.\u00a0listopadu\u00a02010 schv\u00e1lena usnesen\u00edm vl\u00e1dy \u010cR \u010d.\u00a0799, kter\u00e9 ulo\u017eilo ministr\u016fm zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, financ\u00ed, pro m\u00edstn\u00ed rozvoj a\u00a0m\u00edstop\u0159edsedovi vl\u00e1dy a\u00a0ministru vnitra plnit \u00fakoly obsa\u017een\u00e9 v\u00a0koncepci a\u00a0p\u0159edlo\u017eit vl\u00e1d\u011b zpr\u00e1vu o\u00a0jejich pln\u011bn\u00ed do 31.\u00a0prosince\u00a02013.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00a0pln\u011bn\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u00fakol\u016f dan\u00fdch uveden\u00fdm usnesen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy byl p\u0159ipraven projekt \u201eStrategie ochrany p\u0159ed negativn\u00edmi dopady povodn\u00ed a\u00a0erozn\u00edmi jevy p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9\u00a0republice\u201c (d\u00e1le projekt Strategie). Projekt byl pod\u00e1n na z\u00e1klad\u011b 14. v\u00fdzvy OP\u017dP, prioritn\u00ed osa 1\u00a0\u2013 Zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 infrastruktury a\u00a0sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizika povodn\u00ed, oblast podpory 1. 3\u00a0\u2013 Omezov\u00e1n\u00ed rizika povodn\u00ed, 1.\u00a03.\u00a01\u00a0\u2013 Zlep\u0161en\u00ed syst\u00e9mu povod\u0148ov\u00e9 slu\u017eby a\u00a0preventivn\u00ed protipovod\u0148ov\u00e9 ochrany. Hlavn\u00edm \u0159e\u0161itelem projektu byl V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav\u00a0vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd T. G. Masaryka,\u00a0v.\u00a0v.\u00a0i. Dodavatelsky se na projektu pod\u00edlelo sdru\u017een\u00ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed Sweco Hydroprojekt\u00a0a.\u00a0s., VRV,\u00a0a.\u00a0s., SINDLAR Group,\u00a0s.\u00a0r.\u00a0o., a WASTECH,\u00a0a.\u00a0s. Projekt byl \u0159e\u0161en v\u00a0obdob\u00ed od 1.\u00a06.\u00a02014 do 31.\u00a010.\u00a02015.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00a0\u00fakol\u016f definovan\u00fdch usnesen\u00edm vl\u00e1dy \u010cR \u010d.\u00a0799\/2010 byla projektem\u00a0Strategie ochrany \u0159e\u0161ena nebo dopl\u0148ov\u00e1na p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed t\u00e9mata:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>stanovit pro oblasti s\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm povod\u0148ov\u00fdm rizikem a\u00a0jejich povod\u00ed zdrojov\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed s\u00a0vysok\u00fdmi specifick\u00fdmi odtoky vody v\u010detn\u011b jej\u00edho urychlen\u00e9ho odtoku, \u00fazem\u00ed s\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm erozn\u00edm smyvem a\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed s\u00a0potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed reten\u010dn\u00ed kapacitou, v\u010detn\u011b kvantifikace reten\u010dn\u00edho potenci\u00e1lu;<\/li>\n<li>zv\u00fd\u0161it zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed environment\u00e1ln\u00edch podpor rozvoje venkova na zatrav\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch lokalit, zav\u00e9st dal\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159edky, nap\u0159.\u00a0c\u00edlen\u00e9 zatrav\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, opat\u0159en\u00ed pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed rychle rostouc\u00edch d\u0159evin (RRD) pro energetick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed pod\u00e9l vodn\u00edch tok\u016f v\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm p\u00e1su \u00fadoln\u00ed nivy i\u00a0na st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed orn\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b, pos\u00edlen\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f prosazuj\u00edc\u00edch povinnost protierozn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed na ohro\u017een\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch a\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed vsakov\u00e1n\u00ed vody; \u0159e\u0161it priority pro v\u00fdb\u011br p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016f podpor v\u00a0z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch s\u00a0efektem pro povod\u0148ovou ochranu;<\/li>\n<li>analyzovat problematiku finan\u010dn\u00ed spolu\u00fa\u010dasti p\u0159\u00edmo chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch subjekt\u016f, obc\u00ed, kraj\u016f a\u00a0st\u00e1tu na investi\u010dn\u00edch a\u00a0provozn\u00edch n\u00e1kladech ochrann\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>metodicky \u0159e\u0161it st\u0159et z\u00e1jmu um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed stavby protipovod\u0148ov\u00e9ho opat\u0159en\u00ed se z\u00e1jmy ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody a\u00a0krajiny (kompromisn\u00edmi variantami a\u00a0objektivn\u00edm hodnocen\u00edm obou ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f);<\/li>\n<li>analyzovat dosud realizovan\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0navrhnout novou metodiku n\u00e1vrh\u016f preventivn\u00edch protipovod\u0148ov\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ln\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0jejich posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>navrhnout p\u0159\u00edstupy pro zohledn\u011bn\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fdch dopad\u016f klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a\u00a0pot\u0159ebu \u0159e\u0161it problematiku povodn\u00ed a\u00a0sucha komplexn\u011b p\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed parametr\u016f protipovod\u0148ov\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0standard\u016f protipovod\u0148ov\u00e9 ochrany;<\/li>\n<li>analyzovat proveden\u00e9 odvodn\u011bn\u00ed lesn\u00edch pozemk\u016f a\u00a0navrhnout \u00fapravu na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jeho nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9ho povod\u0148ov\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku;<\/li>\n<li>zpracovat pro vymezen\u00e1 povod\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci studi\u00ed odtokov\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f n\u00e1vrhy variant komplexn\u00edho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm technick\u00fdch a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li>iniciovat v\u00fdb\u011br v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch t\u00e9mat v\u00a0r\u00e1mci program\u016f Technologick\u00e9 agentury \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0oblastech hodnocen\u00ed povod\u0148ov\u00e9ho rizika, v\u00fdzkumu ochrany p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdmi sr\u00e1\u017ekami, stanoven\u00ed n\u00e1vrhov\u00fdch charakteristik povodn\u00ed, mo\u017enost\u00ed ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed reten\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti krajiny, hodnocen\u00ed \u00fa\u010dink\u016f \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch a\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00fdch rozliv\u016f a\u00a0ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed povod\u0148ov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu antropogenn\u00edmi vlivy a\u00a0klimatick\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami a\u00a0v\u00a0oblasti ochrany obyvatelstva, m\u011bst a\u00a0obc\u00ed p\u0159ed \u00fa\u010dinky povodn\u00ed, prevence a\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed krizov\u00fdch stav\u016f, varovn\u00e9 a\u00a0hl\u00e1sn\u00e9 slu\u017eby a\u00a0fungov\u00e1n\u00ed integrovan\u00e9ho z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00edle projektu<\/h2>\n<h3>Projekt Strategie vznikl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proto, aby umo\u017enil naplnit tyto c\u00edle:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Koncep\u010dn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed adapta\u010dn\u00edch trvale (dlouhodob\u011b) udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed (zlep\u0161en\u00ed protipovod\u0148ov\u00e9 ochrany a\u00a0vodn\u00edho re\u017eimu). Projekt nab\u00edz\u00ed komplexn\u00ed a\u00a0propojen\u00fd syst\u00e9m opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00fd bude m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek synergii \u00fa\u010dink\u016f cel\u00e9 \u0159ady navr\u017een\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0smyslupln\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdstup\u016f projektu bude mo\u017en\u00e9 realizovat pouze takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, u\u00a0nich\u017e by byla dop\u0159edu zn\u00e1ma jejich p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost (protipovod\u0148ov\u00e1 i\u00a0environment\u00e1ln\u00ed).<\/li>\n<li>Vytvo\u0159it jednotn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0anal\u00fdze povod\u00ed nebo krajiny dot\u010den\u00e9 povodn\u011bmi v\u00a0r\u00e1mci v\u00edcekriteri\u00e1ln\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed povod\u0148ov\u00fdch rizik a\u00a0n\u00e1vrh\u016f opat\u0159en\u00ed na lok\u00e1ln\u00ed i\u00a0region\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni.<\/li>\n<li>Vytvo\u0159it jednotn\u00fd metodick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00fdpo\u010dtu jejich \u00fa\u010dink\u016f v\u010detn\u011b ekonomick\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Vytvo\u0159it jednotnou platformu v\u00fdstup\u016f pro ve\u0159ejnost (internetov\u00e1 prezentace) a\u00a0strategick\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed (podklady pro \u00fazemn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny a\u00a0vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny).<\/li>\n<li>Navrhnout opat\u0159en\u00ed na toc\u00edch, kter\u00e1 z\u00e1rove\u0148 zlep\u0161\u00ed hydromorfologick\u00e9 vlastnosti tok\u016f, zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed jejich ekologicko\u00ad\u2011stabiliza\u010dn\u00ed funkce a\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed ochranu \u00fazem\u00ed p\u0159ed negativn\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky povodn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Navrhnout opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0plo\u0161e povod\u00ed, kter\u00e1 sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed erozn\u00ed odnos p\u016fdy, zlep\u0161\u00ed retenci vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b a\u00a0p\u0159isp\u011bje ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed ekologick\u00e9 stability krajiny.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Krom\u011b vlastn\u00edch n\u00e1vrh\u016f opat\u0159en\u00ed si projekt Strategie kladl za c\u00edl iniciovat proces \u00faprav dot\u010den\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch norem k\u00a0zrychlen\u00ed procesu realizace komplexu protipovod\u0148ov\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Rozsah a\u00a0podrobnost \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161it cel\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky stejn\u011b podrobn\u011b. Byl tedy proveden v\u00fdb\u011br \u00fazem\u00ed z\u00a0hlediska rizika povodn\u00ed a\u00a0eroze. Pro tuto kategorizaci byla uplatn\u011bna t\u0159i hlediska:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>povod\u0148ov\u00e9 ohro\u017een\u00ed trvale bydl\u00edc\u00edch osob,<\/li>\n<li>povod\u0148ov\u00e9 ohro\u017een\u00ed majetku,<\/li>\n<li>erozn\u00ed ohro\u017eenost.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bylo p\u0159istoupeno ke kategorizaci \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky podle m\u00edry ohro\u017een\u00ed: velmi vysok\u00e1, vysok\u00e1 a\u00a0st\u0159edn\u00ed m\u00edra ohro\u017een\u00ed (<em>obr.\u00a01<\/em>) podle pr\u016fniku v\u00fd\u0161e citovan\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci povod\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch \u0159\u00e1d\u016f (IV. a\u00a0III.), tj.\u00a0mal\u00fdch povod\u00ed o\u00a0plo\u0161e v\u00a0des\u00edtk\u00e1ch, pop\u0159.\u00a0stovk\u00e1ch kilometr\u016f. M\u00edra p\u0159esnosti detailu tak nemohla b\u00fdt logicky velk\u00e1, ale poslou\u017eila k\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00edmu rozd\u011blen\u00ed pracnosti projektu.<\/p>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Drbal-1.jpg\" rel=\"shadowbox[sbpost-2290];player=img;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"503\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2288 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Drbal-1.jpg\" alt=\"Drbal-1\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Drbal-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Drbal-1-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/Drbal-1-768x483.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 800\/503;\" \/><\/a>\n<h6>Obr.\u00a01. Kategorizace \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR podle m\u00edry ohro\u017een\u00ed povodn\u011bmi a\u00a0eroz\u00ed<br \/>\nFig. 1. Categorisation of the Czech Republic by flood and erosion threat<\/h6>\n<p>\u00dadaje pro kategorizaci \u00fazem\u00ed byly vyu\u017eity z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpravn\u00fdch prac\u00ed z\u00a0pln\u011bn\u00ed sm\u011brnice o\u00a0vyhodnocen\u00ed a\u00a0zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed povod\u0148ov\u00fdch rizik (etapa p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho vyhodnocen\u00ed povod\u0148ov\u00fdch rizik).<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je v\u0161ak v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee analytick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce pro cel\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky byly provedeny na stejn\u00e9 \u00farovni podrobnosti a\u00a0jednotliv\u00e9 kategorie \u00fazem\u00ed se li\u0161\u00ed pouze m\u00edrou podrobnosti zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1vrh\u016f opat\u0159en\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco oblast se st\u0159edn\u00ed\u00a0m\u00edrou ohro\u017een\u00ed nen\u00ed zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1na do \u00farovn\u011b opat\u0159en\u00ed, kategorie s\u00a0vysokou m\u00edrou ohro\u017een\u00ed ji\u017e opat\u0159en\u00ed zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1na m\u00e1, ale pouze jako skupinu opat\u0159en\u00ed, a\u00a0kategorie s\u00a0velmi vysokou m\u00edrou ohro\u017een\u00ed je \u0159e\u0161en\u00e1 v\u00a0podstat\u011b do detail\u016f. \u00darove\u0148 druhou a\u00a0t\u0159et\u00ed lze tedy v\u00a0budoucnu dopracovat do \u00farovn\u011b s\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edrou ohro\u017een\u00ed, a\u00a0to v\u00a0t\u011bch lokalit\u00e1ch, kde to bude nal\u00e9hav\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Kategorizace byla provedena p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proto, aby se tak rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd projekt dal v\u016fbec \u010dasov\u011b a\u00a0finan\u010dn\u011b zvl\u00e1dnout. Ostatn\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed lze podobn\u00fdmi odborn\u00fdmi kroky dopracov\u00e1vat.<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1vaznost navr\u017een\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Opat\u0159en\u00ed navr\u017een\u00e1 v\u00a0projektu Strategie nejsou legislativn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00e1, p\u0159esto je v\u00a0posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolika letech vytv\u00e1\u0159ena spole\u010densk\u00e1 i\u00a0politick\u00e1 pot\u0159eba jejich realizace.<\/p>\n<p>Jejich pot\u0159ebnost vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0vl\u00e1dn\u00edch usnesen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdvala Pl\u00e1nem hlavn\u00edch povod\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky \u2013 usnesen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy ze dne 23.\u00a0kv\u011btna\u00a02007 \u010d.\u00a0562, d\u00e1le strategi\u00ed protipovod\u0148ov\u00e9 ochrany v\u00a0\u010cR \u2013 usnesen\u00ed ze dne 10.\u00a0listopadu\u00a02010 \u010d.\u00a0799 ke Koncepci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed problematiky ochrany p\u0159ed povodn\u011bmi v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm technick\u00fdch a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed nebo usnesen\u00ed z\u00a0roku 2009 ze dne 26.\u00a0srpna \u010d.\u00a01058 k\u00a0Informaci o\u00a0zlep\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00fdstra\u017en\u00e9 slu\u017eby \u010cesk\u00e9ho hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu a\u00a0o\u00a0n\u00e1vrhu Projektu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed problematiky ochrany p\u0159ed povodn\u011bmi v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pot\u0159eba jejich realizace vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00edmo z\u00a0obou ji\u017e jmenovan\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch sm\u011brnic\u00a0\u2013 R\u00e1mcov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice o\u00a0vodn\u00ed politice (2000\/60\/ES) a\u00a0sm\u011brnice o\u00a0vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed povod\u0148ov\u00fdch rizik (2007\/60\/ES). Zde jsou jednozna\u010dn\u011b preferov\u00e1na takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nezhor\u0161\u00ed stav vod a\u00a0umo\u017en\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed prostoru niv pro p\u0159irozen\u00e9 \u010di \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 inundace.<\/p>\n<p>Navrhovan\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed se mohou st\u00e1t z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 a\u017e v\u00a0okam\u017eiku, kdy se stanou pevnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch strategick\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f rozvoje \u00fazem\u00ed, jak\u00fdmi jsou nap\u0159.\u00a0\u00fazemn\u00ed pl\u00e1n nebo pl\u00e1n d\u00edl\u010d\u00edho povod\u00ed, pop\u0159.\u00a0pl\u00e1nu spole\u010dn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jako jednoho z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f procesu pozemkov\u00fdch \u00faprav.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdsledky projektu, resp. n\u00e1vrhy opat\u0159en\u00ed budou podporov\u00e1ny dota\u010dn\u00edm titulem OP\u017dP, a\u00a0t\u00edm mohou b\u00fdt i\u00a0p\u0159edm\u011btem evropsk\u00fdch dotac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n<p>Sv\u00fdm charakterem a\u00a0v\u00fdsledky je projekt Strategie komplexn\u00ed projekt infrastrukturn\u00ed povahy pro univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed, kter\u00fd z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem umo\u017e\u0148uje vyhodnotit pro cel\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed st\u00e1tu celospole\u010denskou prosp\u011b\u0161nost a\u00a0finan\u010dn\u00ed a\u00a0v\u011bcn\u00e9 parametry projekt\u016f \u017eadatel\u016f p\u0159edkl\u00e1dan\u00fdch do dota\u010dn\u00edch program\u016f. V\u00fdstupy projektu budou vytv\u00e1\u0159et ucelenou strategii M\u017dP k\u00a0\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed problematiky protipovod\u0148ov\u00e9 ochrany, plo\u0161n\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, vodn\u00ed eroze a\u00a0obnovy vodn\u00edho re\u017eimu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The article describes reasons and circumstances why the project \u201cStrategy of flood and erosion protection by natural water retention measures\u201c was initiated. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":2288,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[522,523],"coauthors":[486],"class_list":["post-2290","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydraulics-hydrology-and-hydrogeology","tag-flood-risk","tag-strategy"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2290","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2290"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2290\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30348,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2290\/revisions\/30348"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2288"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2290"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2290"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2290"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=2290"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}