{"id":21223,"date":"2022-12-13T19:35:52","date_gmt":"2022-12-13T18:35:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/2022\/12\/zavlahy-znovuobjevovane-dedictvi-jejich-dokumentace-popularizace-a-ochrana-na-prikladu-historickych-lucnich-zavlah-2\/"},"modified":"2024-05-27T15:34:21","modified_gmt":"2024-05-27T14:34:21","slug":"irrigation-rediscovered-heritage-its-documentation-popularisation-and-protection-based-on-the-example-of-historical-meadow-irrigation-systems-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2022\/12\/irrigation-rediscovered-heritage-its-documentation-popularisation-and-protection-based-on-the-example-of-historical-meadow-irrigation-systems-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Irrigation \u2013 rediscovered heritage, its documentation, popularisation and protection based on the example of historical meadow irrigation systems"},"content":{"rendered":"

ABSTRACT<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Irrigation systems were built and have operated mostly as part of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>a larger or smaller functional complexes. Their significance, also from the\u202fpoint of\u202fview from potential heritage protection, thus increases with the\u202fidentification and documentation not only of\u202fsolitary structures but, in particular, of\u202fentire systems \/ functional complexes with descriptions of\u202finterrelationships between them. Independent objects or structures do not need to be particularly exceptional, although their involvement in<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>wider functional complex can create a uniquely undertaken solution. In<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>field of\u202fwater management, criteria such as typological value, value of\u202ftechnological flow, authenticity of\u202fform and function, value of\u202ftechnological and systemic links with an overlap to agriculture and industry are especially important. This article provides information on possibilities of\u202fusing traditional methods of\u202fhistorical and archive research and documentation of\u202flocalities, and at<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>same time using modern tools for systems over a more extensive area, including methods of\u202fdigitisation and processing of\u202fdocumentation.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

INTRODUCTION<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Technical and industrial cultural heritage represents a relatively wide and, at<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>same time, diverse group of\u202fbuildings that represent examples of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>development of\u202fhuman civilization concerning technical and technological progress in<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>use of\u202fland resources and the\u202fconstruction of\u202fsettlement infrastructure. Historical irrigation systems are an important but, until recently, rather ignored part of\u202fthis type of\u202fcultural heritage. These buildings have been the\u202fsubject of\u202fincreased interest in monument protection in<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>Czech Republic since approximately the\u202fend of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>20<\/span>th<\/span><\/sup> century. Their importance has generally grown in particular in<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>last decade in connection with climate change, which requires the\u202finvestigation of\u202feffective solutions and responses to its impacts. Historical irrigation systems are coming to the\u202ffore when it comes to the\u202fassessment of\u202fpotential for their renovation, reconstruction or, on the\u202fother hand, removal and replacement with more up-to-date technologies. From this point of\u202fview, and the\u202fpoint of\u202fview of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>connection with the\u202fcultural heritage of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>Czech Republic, it is important to identify and document in a timely manner possible heritage values of\u202fsuch objects and whole functional complexes, as well as define criteria and possibilities for their protection. In relation to this it is also important to strengthen education of\u202fthis kind of\u202findustrial heritage, both among the\u202fprofessionals and lay public.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In 2020, the\u202fproject <\/span>\u201cIrrigation \u2013 rediscovered heritage, its documentation and popularisation\u201d<\/span><\/i> was initiated and financed within<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>\u201cProgramme of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>applied research and development of\u202fnational and cultural identity\u201d of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>Ministry of\u202fCulture for\u202fthe\u202fperiod 2020\u20132022. The \u202fproject is focused on issues of\u202firrigation as one of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>sectors of\u202fwater management and landscape management in general terms.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

An integral part is the\u202ffocus on industry in connection with the\u202fimplementation of\u202firrigation systems, structures and facilities, which can be added to the\u202findustrial heritage of\u202four country.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The aim of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>project is to contribute to the\u202fachievement of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>specific goals of\u202fthis programme, which focus on the\u202fintegration of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>results of\u202fcultural heritage into educational processes, including the\u202fdevelopment of\u202ftools for documentation and record-keeping of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>most endangered typological groups of movable and immovable cultural heritage. In particular, this project aims at preparing and implementing thematic exhibitions, supplemented with a\u202freviewed catalogue, creation of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>a specialised digital database, and digitally available educational and teaching materials on the\u202fgiven topic.<\/span> In<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>case of\u202fdevelopment and testing of\u202fsuitable documentation processes, attention was focused on verification of\u202fpossible use of\u202fUAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) systems, thermal images of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>surface, and landscape structures, GIS tools and 5G DTM for documenting objects, and hardware & software for digitisation of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>archive materials and visualisation of\u202fstructures, systems, equipment, and so on.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The objective of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>article is to present methodological procedures and functional tools, which have been selected, tested, and verified for use during the\u202fdocumentation and description of\u202fstructures, objects, and their functional complexes using the\u202fexample of\u202fone of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>main typological groups; these are meadow irrigation systems using surface canals and detailed distribution and drainage systems which are connected to them, supplemented with necessary technological equipment, especially sluice gates, culverts, etc. This is one of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>oldest methods of\u202firrigation, which has started to be heritage protected not only at a local level but also globally.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\"\"<\/a>\n

Fig. 1. Demonstration of digitised drawings of project documentation for the implementation of an irrigation system through open ditches along the Morava river in the surroundings of Vesel\u00ed nad Moravou in the 1930s (areas presented in Fig. 2<\/em> are highlighted in purple, i.e. detailed investigation of the current state of the system and objects).<\/h6>\n\"\"<\/a>\n
Fig. 2. Example of location processing of individual objects and selected important elements of the irrigation system in the surroundings of Vesel\u00ed nad Moravou on the basis
\nof current field investigations, ZABAGED\u00ae data<\/h6>\n

METHODOLOGY<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Generally speaking, in order to achieve the\u202fgoals of\u202fsimilar research, it may be done via archival work, processing available analyses of\u202finput materials (especially historical documents and plans), but also current research of\u202firrigation items and systems. Research of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>the<\/span>\u202f<\/span>chosen systems was carried out by both fieldwork with pre-prepared mapping input, and by using modern UAV technologies. The \u202fdata was analysed and visualised with the\u202fhelp of\u202fGIS tools. The\u202fprocessing of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>all obtained input documents enabled the\u202fcreation of\u202fmap sets and small maps for individual territories. These documents display in detail their location and condition of\u202fpreserved and extinct irrigation systems, identification of<\/span>\u202f<\/span>their cultural-historical value, potential for restoration and other possible uses, as well as risks resulting from their preservation and use, which concerns each area of\u202finterest.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In order to fulfil these aforementioned framework procedures, the\u202fresearch work was divided into three stages:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n