{"id":2122,"date":"2016-06-08T10:47:22","date_gmt":"2016-06-08T10:47:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=2122"},"modified":"2024-07-16T11:14:50","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T10:14:50","slug":"analysis-of-modifications-of-the-payment-for-the-surface-water-in-the-czech-republic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2016\/06\/analysis-of-modifications-of-the-payment-for-the-surface-water-in-the-czech-republic\/","title":{"rendered":"Analysis of Modifications of the Payment for the Surface Water in the Czech Republic"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

Souhrn<\/h2>\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika za dobu sv\u00e9 samostatn\u00e9 existence zaznamenala na sv\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 hydrologick\u00e9 extremity v\u00a0podob\u011b povodn\u00ed a\u00a0sucha. Do\u0161lo z\u00e1rove\u0148 k\u00a0posunu po\u017eadavk\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f na dod\u00e1vky povrchov\u00e9 vody: od samotn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed k\u00a0jejich spolehlivosti, bezpe\u010dnosti a\u00a0kvalit\u011b. To se odrazilo v\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00fdch a\u00a0pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch investi\u010dn\u00edch i\u00a0provozn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00edch, kter\u00e1 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed n\u00e1klady vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 slu\u017eby spr\u00e1vy vod, pot\u0159ebu jej\u00edho pokryt\u00ed a\u00a0cenu povrchov\u00e9 vody. V\u00a0d\u016fsledku toho jsou diskutov\u00e1ny r\u016fzn\u00e9 formy modifikace regulace p\u0159\u00edstupu k\u00a0povrchov\u00e9 vod\u011b, jako jsou nap\u0159.\u00a0mo\u017enosti omezen\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b nevyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch rezervovan\u00fdch limit\u016f vody v\u00a0r\u00e1mci existuj\u00edc\u00edch povolen\u00ed. \u010cl\u00e1nek p\u0159edstavuje vytvo\u0159en\u00fd mikrosimula\u010dn\u00ed model, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje porovn\u00e1vat r\u016fzn\u00e9 varianty modifikace a\u00a0nastaven\u00ed platby k\u00a0\u00fahrad\u011b spr\u00e1vy vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a\u00a0spr\u00e1vy povod\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b jejich dopad\u016f na cenu povrchov\u00e9 vody pro u\u017eivatele, pokryt\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f spr\u00e1vc\u016f povod\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f ze zpoplatn\u011bn\u00fdch odb\u011br\u016f povrchov\u00e9 vody a\u00a0relace odeb\u00edran\u00e9ho a\u00a0povolen\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 vody.<\/p>\n\"ilustracni<\/a>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

V\u00a0d\u016fsledku zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed frekvence hydrologick\u00fdch extremit na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR (sucho, povodn\u011b) doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0diskus\u00edm o\u00a0zm\u011bn\u00e1ch regulace nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0povrchovou vodou [1, 2]. Nositelem t\u011bchto diskus\u00ed je krom\u011b jin\u00fdch i\u00a0meziresortn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed skupina VODA\u00ad\u2011SUCHO1<\/strong><\/sup>, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0roce 2014\u20132015 sestavila materi\u00e1l \u201eP\u0159\u00edprava realizace opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed negativn\u00edch dopad\u016f sucha a\u00a0nedostatku vody\u201c, je\u017e byl v\u00a0\u010dervnu 2015 schv\u00e1len Vl\u00e1dou \u010cR. Materi\u00e1l specifikuje \u0159adu konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch technick\u00fdch, legislativn\u00edch, ale i\u00a0ekonomicky orientovan\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f. Jako samostatn\u00fd \u00fakol je definov\u00e1n po\u017eadavek \u201eVypracovat anal\u00fdzu \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9ho omezen\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b nevyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch rezervovan\u00fdch limit\u016f pro odb\u011br vody vedouc\u00ed k\u00a0jejich racion\u00e1ln\u00edmu vyu\u017eit\u00ed (v\u00a0duchu user\u00ad\u2011pay principu), a\u00a0t\u00edm ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vodn\u00edho zdroje\u201c.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0letech 2014\u20132015 byl ve spolupr\u00e1ci IREAS a\u00a0V\u00daV TGM \u0159e\u0161en projekt TA \u010cR, jeho\u017e v\u00fdstupy se v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9mu samostatn\u00e9mu \u00fakolu v\u011bnuj\u00ed. Probl\u00e9mu existence nevyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch rezervovan\u00fdch limit\u016f pro odb\u011br povrchov\u00e9 vody se v\u011bnoval p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek Slav\u00edkov\u00e1 a\u00a0Petru\u017eela [3] v\u00a0r\u00e1mci tohoto periodika. C\u00edlem aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho \u010dl\u00e1nku je p\u0159edstavit filozofii a\u00a0praktickou vyu\u017eitelnost vytvo\u0159en\u00e9ho mikrosimula\u010dn\u00edho modelu ur\u010den\u00e9ho k\u00a0anal\u00fdze dopad\u016f modifikac\u00ed platby k\u00a0\u00fahrad\u011b spr\u00e1vy vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a\u00a0spr\u00e1vy povod\u00ed. Za \u00fa\u010delem po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho omezen\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b nevyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch rezervovan\u00fdch limit\u016f je navrhov\u00e1no rozd\u011blen\u00ed t\u00e9to platby na dv\u011b slo\u017eky: a) platbu za rezervovan\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 vody, b) platbu za skute\u010dn\u011b odebran\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 vody, a\u00a0to ve zvolen\u00e9m vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9m pom\u011bru (nap\u0159.\u00a020 : 80), kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje zachov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdchoz\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b platby.<\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek stru\u010dn\u011b shrnuje hlavn\u00ed oblasti tohoto p\u0159\u00edstupu: zdroje dat, jejich \u00fapravu pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v\u00a0modelu a\u00a0jeho strukturu, \u010dasov\u00fd r\u00e1mec anal\u00fdzy a\u00a0\u010dasov\u00e9 horizonty uva\u017eovan\u00e9 v\u00a0modelu a\u00a0kone\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdsledky\u00a0a\u00a0mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1m\u011bty plynouc\u00ed z\u00a0anal\u00fdzy a\u00a0jejich interpretace. Metodika popisuj\u00edc\u00ed vyu\u017eitelnost modelu byla certifikov\u00e1na (\u010d\u00edslo osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed 68156\/2015-MZE-15121) a\u00a0p\u0159ed\u00e1na hlavn\u00edmu u\u017eivateli (MZe \u010cR) k\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Aplikace modelu m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e9st \u0159adu v\u00fdsledk\u016f p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed r\u00e1mec ilustra\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku.<\/p>\n

Struktura modelu<\/h2>\n

Modelov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bny platby k\u00a0\u00fahrad\u011b spr\u00e1vy vodn\u00edch tok\u016f a\u00a0spr\u00e1vy povod\u00ed se prov\u00e1d\u00ed s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm historick\u00fdch dat o\u00a0odb\u011brech povrchov\u00e9 vody v\u00a0letech 2001\u20132013,
\nshroma\u017e\u010fovan\u00fdch ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 datab\u00e1zi na z\u00e1klad\u011b z\u00e1kona2<\/sup><\/strong> Souhrnn\u00e9 vodn\u00ed bilance pro hlavn\u00ed povod\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, kterou zaji\u0161\u0165uje MZe \u010cR spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0M\u017dP \u010cR prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm V\u00daV TGM. Ze vstupn\u00edch dat byly vylou\u010deny z\u00e1znamy, u\u00a0nich\u017e bylo zaznamen\u00e1no p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed povolen\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 celkem cca\u00a04\u00a0% pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed (v\u00edce o\u00a0pr\u00e1ci se zdrojov\u00fdmi daty viz\u00a0[4]). Anal\u00fdzu dopad\u016f modifikac\u00ed zpoplatn\u011bn\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 vody lze v\u00a0modelu prov\u00e1d\u011bt:<\/p>\n