As\u00a0part of\u00a0digitization, more and more information\u00a0and data (raster and vector\u00a0freely available data) are accessible worldwide which can be used in\u00a0geospatial analyses. The\u00a0advantage of\u00a0using the\u00a0mentioned methods is\u00a0their easy replicability, which is\u00a0primarily aimed at their use in\u00a0other regions where MCA has\u00a0not yet been implemented. Thanks to\u00a0the\u00a0individual analyses, as\u00a0well as\u00a0the\u00a0feedback from the\u00a0investors of\u00a0the\u00a0first two regional adaptation\u00a0strategies, it will be possible to\u00a0find new connections between the\u00a0most frequently used environmental data. These new connections are the\u00a0greatest added value of\u00a0the\u00a0presented research. The\u00a0aim is\u00a0to\u00a0define such indicators that describe logical links within\u00a0geospatial or\u00a0landscape functioning in\u00a0the\u00a0broadest sense of\u00a0the\u00a0word. One of\u00a0the\u00a0specific examples is\u00a0the\u00a0application\u00a0of\u00a0MCA to\u00a0one of\u00a0the\u00a0basic adaptation\u00a0measures, namely to\u00a0the\u00a0seepage and transformation\u00a0of\u00a0surface runoff into\u00a0underground runoff. The\u00a0aim is\u00a0to\u00a0find an area with suitable soil and geological properties. However, it was\u00a0often improperly drained in\u00a0the\u00a0past, and therefore no longer fulfils its natural function. However, on\u00a0the\u00a0basis\u00a0of\u00a0MCA, such suitable locations can be searched for\u00a0both in\u00a0floodplains, where similar drainage facilities are located, as\u00a0well as\u00a0in\u00a0areas\u00a0with a\u00a0very gentle slope. Another example of\u00a0the\u00a0use of\u00a0MCA is\u00a0the\u00a0effort to\u00a0establish effective anti-flood measures, where MCA can help to\u00a0find critical points in\u00a0catchment areas\u00a0and in\u00a0areas\u00a0with significant flood risk, manifested by\u00a0intensive runoff from agricultural land and erosion\u00a0events.<\/p>\n
Multicriteria analysis\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0Pardubice and Pilsen regions<\/h3>\n
For the first time, MCA was applied in this form during the development of the adaptation strategy of the Pardubice region [5] and then the Pilsen region [6]; the investors of both strategies were the relevant regional authorities. The starting point was the combination of geospatial data per unit of IV order basin. The MCA itself was divided into three main topics (problem, potential, need), while each topic had its own subtopic expressed by indicators. The problem expressed the difficulties of\u00a0the\u00a0area (e.g., flood risk), the\u00a0potential expressed natural and social prerequisites for\u00a0improvement, and the\u00a0need expressed the\u00a0demands of\u00a0the\u00a0socio-economic sphere on\u00a0the\u00a0area (water abstraction).The\u00a0total number of\u00a0indicators in\u00a0the\u00a0Pilsen region\u00a0reached 135 and in\u00a0the\u00a0Pardubice region\u00a097, although their exact enumeration\u00a0is\u00a0not the\u00a0purpose of\u00a0this\u00a0article. Subtopics were related to\u00a0soil, climatic drought, drought in\u00a0watercourses, floods, land cover, watercourses, floodplains, human space, ecosystems, water abstractions, and water status.<\/p>\n
The\u00a0evaluation\u00a0of\u00a0individual indicators was\u00a0added up; the\u00a0basic criterion\u00a0was\u00a0the\u00a0equal weight of\u00a0all indicators. The\u00a0assessment set up reflects the\u00a0principles of\u00a0the\u00a0topics \u2013 i.e., the\u00a0higher the\u00a0assessment, the\u00a0greater the\u00a0problem, potential or\u00a0need. Assessment of\u00a0the\u00a0problems as\u00a0well as\u00a0the\u00a0potential and needs was\u00a0established for\u00a0each individual IV order basin.<\/p>\n
After three or\u00a0even two years, it can be concluded that this\u00a0system has\u00a0been successful. On\u00a0the\u00a0basis\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0MCA, 20 priority areas\u00a0were selected in\u00a0the\u00a0Pilsen Region, and in\u00a0the\u00a0Pardubice Region\u00a0up to\u00a024 priority areas\u00a0were selected in\u00a0several stages in\u00a0which adaptation\u00a0measures are currently being implemented. Since the\u00a0MCA process was\u00a0tested from its inception\u00a0to\u00a0implementation, it is\u00a0possible to\u00a0proceed to\u00a0a\u00a0critical evaluation\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0analyses themselves and the\u00a0data used for\u00a0them.<\/p>\n
Areas\u00a0that have not yet received sufficient attention\u00a0within\u00a0the\u00a0MCA include:<\/p>\n
- \n
- The\u00a0issue of\u00a0drought and its impact on\u00a0both the\u00a0natural and socio-economic spheres, expressed, for\u00a0example, by\u00a0the\u00a0number of\u00a0localities reporting problems with water supply. The\u00a0information\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0integrated rescue system was\u00a0not sufficiently used either, for\u00a0example on\u00a0visits to\u00a0erosion\u00a0events or\u00a0floods from torrential rainfall.<\/li>\n
- Another topic that would deserve more overall attention\u00a0has\u00a0been forests and their condition\u00a0after the\u00a0bark beetle outbreak has\u00a0essentially ended, and the\u00a0effect of\u00a0other burdens, such as\u00a0their drainage by\u00a0buildings and mining technology.<\/li>\n
- In both regions, the identification of social need, will, and demand for the implementation of measures was neglected, which is absolutely essential for the successful application of adaptation strategies. In the Pilsen region, a survey was conducted among municipalities, but its limit was the respondents\u2018 activity. Subsequently, the MCA for the Pardubice region was supplemented with a survey, where, according to published information, the response rate was approximately 25 %. Large reserves also lie in\u00a0the\u00a0possibilities of\u00a0dealing with state land.<\/li>\n
- These plots of land can be very well identified using data from the property cadastre. It goes without saying that the implementation of adaptation measures is in a national interest, if these measures are properly substantiated. However, it shows that the preparation and implementation of adaptation measures on state land is not easier.
\nOne of the ways could be complex land improvements, but they are also not a\u00a0universal solution\u00a0to\u00a0this\u00a0problem.<\/li>\n - In the Pardubice Region, the outputs of the HAMR project (Hydrology, Agronomy, Meteorology and Retention) [7], which is focused on the issue of drought, were also not used; however, they were subsequently used in\u00a0the\u00a0Pilsen Region.<\/li>\n
- The\u00a0aspect of\u00a0the\u00a0energy use of\u00a0the\u00a0landscape, which is\u00a0topical especially with regard to\u00a0the\u00a0energy crisis, was\u00a0also insufficiently evaluated. Indicators characterizing known alternative energy sources (i.e., wind and solar potential, geothermal potential, and the\u00a0potential of\u00a0water energy use) should be further incorporated into\u00a0the\u00a0adaptation\u00a0strategies. However,
\nit is\u00a0necessary to\u00a0work with both the\u00a0positive and negative impact of\u00a0their use. It is\u00a0necessary to\u00a0monitor\u00a0the\u00a0effect of\u00a0an increase in\u00a0the\u00a0number of\u00a0solar farms on\u00a0changes in\u00a0runoff conditions, as\u00a0well as\u00a0the\u00a0effect of\u00a0the\u00a0operation\u00a0of\u00a0hydroelectric power stations on\u00a0the\u00a0state of\u00a0the\u00a0relevant watercourses.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nIn\u00a0conclusion, we can summarize that the\u00a0use of\u00a0MCA in\u00a0the\u00a0Pardubice and Pilsen regions has\u00a0been successful. It showed that there is\u00a0a\u00a0lot of\u00a0freely available background data in\u00a0the\u00a0Czech Republic. They have a\u00a0different level of\u00a0accuracy, timeliness and, above all, availability, however, after modifications and spatial homogenization, they can be successfully used in\u00a0MCA. Thanks to\u00a0these facts, there is\u00a0a\u00a0detailed manual for\u00a0approximately 16 % of\u00a0the\u00a0area of\u00a0the\u00a0Czech Republic on\u00a0which problem to\u00a0deal with, and in\u00a0which area.<\/p>\n
Since countless indicators were evaluated in\u00a0both strategies, not all connections have been described yet, nor\u00a0has\u00a0there been sufficient interpretation\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0main\u00a0conclusions of\u00a0both strategies. Both regions therefore currently have an amount of\u00a0data that should subsequently be applied to\u00a0spatial planning documentation; however, with the\u00a0exception\u00a0of\u00a0selected priority areas\u00a0with specific draft measures, it has\u00a0not yet been determined exactly how.<\/p>\n
A clear contribution\u00a0of\u00a0MCA in\u00a0both regions is\u00a0the\u00a0finding that intensively used agricultural land and river floodplains have the\u00a0greatest potential for\u00a0effective drafting of\u00a0adaptation\u00a0measures. It must be emphasized here that the\u00a0delineation\u00a0of\u00a0river floodplains was\u00a0very careful in\u00a0both strategies.<\/p>\n
Our project \u201cEvaluation\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0landscape water regime and revision\u00a0of\u00a0critical points as\u00a0a\u00a0basis\u00a0for\u00a0drafting adaptation\u00a0measures and evaluation\u00a0of\u00a0their effectiveness using rainfall-runoff models\u201d, implemented at the\u00a0Institute of\u00a0Landscape Water Management, University of\u00a0Technology in\u00a0Brno, is\u00a0also based on\u00a0the\u00a0above-mentioned findings. It includes a\u00a0wide range of\u00a0topics and subtopics related to\u00a0soil, climatic drought, drought in\u00a0watercourses, floods, landscape cover, watercourses, floodplains, human space, ecosystems, water abstractions, and water status; compared to\u00a0the\u00a0MCA carried out in\u00a0the\u00a0Pilsen and Pardubice regions, the\u00a0number of\u00a0monitored indicators will be expanded. Of\u00a0these, only indicators focused on\u00a0agricultural land are presented below, where the\u00a0topics of\u00a0the\u00a0primary production\u00a0sector, landscape quality, and denudation\u00a0forces such as\u00a0soil erosion\u00a0intersect, as\u00a0well as\u00a0measures to\u00a0eliminate them. One of\u00a0the\u00a0most important and, simultaneously, the\u00a0most problematic indicators is\u00a0drainage of\u00a0agricultural land. This\u00a0issue is\u00a0so topical that the\u00a0elimination\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0negative effects of\u00a0drainage is\u00a0one of\u00a0the\u00a0supported activities of\u00a0the\u00a0current OPE programme period. However, it is\u00a0also a\u00a0very controversial topic [8] which does not have a\u00a0simple solution. On\u00a0the\u00a0basis\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0MCA carried out as\u00a0part of\u00a0our project, it can be said that the\u00a0rate of\u00a0drainage of\u00a0agricultural land in\u00a0the\u00a0Czech Republic is\u00a0so great that it must have an effect on\u00a0the\u00a0water regime of\u00a0the\u00a0landscape. The\u00a0MCA also showed that there are areas\u00a0where the\u00a0elimination\u00a0of\u00a0drainage would be a\u00a0suitable type of\u00a0adaptation\u00a0measure. In\u00a0addition, methodologies on\u00a0how to\u00a0deal with drainage have already been developed [9\u201311].<\/p>\n
Application\u00a0of\u00a0multicriteria analysis\u00a0to\u00a0the\u00a0Dyje basin<\/h3>\n
The\u00a0validity of\u00a0the\u00a0above conclusions can be documented on\u00a0the\u00a0application\u00a0of\u00a0MCA in\u00a0the\u00a0Dyje basin, which extends into\u00a011 order III basins (outside of\u00a0the\u00a0state border is\u00a0not considered), located in\u00a0a\u00a0total of\u00a0six regions (Tab. 1). The\u00a0area was\u00a0chosen in\u00a0connection\u00a0with the\u00a0scope of\u00a0Povod\u00ed Moravy State Enterprise, which has\u00a0long been trying to\u00a0improve the\u00a0situation\u00a0not only on\u00a0watercourses, but also in\u00a0the\u00a0catchment area, in\u00a0cooperation\u00a0with other organizational components of\u00a0state and public administration.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\")
<\/a>Fig. 1. Map of\u00a0studied area of\u00a0Dyje river basin\u00a0in\u00a0Czech Republic<\/h6>\nTab. 1. III. Order basin\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0area of\u00a0interest
<\/a><\/h5>\n<\/a>Fig. 2. River modification\u00a0and the\u00a0main\u00a0reclamation\u00a0facility in\u00a0the\u00a0area of\u00a0interest<\/h6>\nTab. 2. Comparison\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0length of\u00a0various river modifications
<\/a><\/h5>\nAs already mentioned above, MCA was applied in the studied area of the Dyje basin similarly to the above mentioned regional adaptation strategies, in the same form of three main topics (problem, potential, need) and subordinate subtopics, which are expressed by indicators. The evaluation of individual indicators was added up, with each indicator having the same weight.<\/p>\n
The\u00a0basic input data was: IV order basin\u00a0layer [12], obtained from TGM WRI; layer of\u00a0soil blocks (LPIS) [13] from the\u00a0Ministry of\u00a0Agriculture; data on\u00a0drained and irrigated areas\u00a0[14], from vectorized data of\u00a0the\u00a0Agricultural Water Management Administration, which is\u00a0currently managed by\u00a0the\u00a0Ministry of\u00a0Agriculture; and data of\u00a0monitored erosion\u00a0events [15]. All the\u00a0mentioned background data were in\u00a0shapefile format, which was\u00a0used in\u00a0all subsequent analyses related to\u00a0the\u00a0entire studied area of\u00a0the\u00a0Dyje basin\u00a0as\u00a0well as\u00a0to\u00a0individual IV order basins.<\/p>\n
In\u00a0the\u00a0\u201cproblem\u201d topic, agricultural land was\u00a0evaluated according to\u00a0the\u00a0following indicators:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Z1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 extent of\u00a0surface drainage,<\/li>\n
- Z2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 total length of\u00a0reclamation\u00a0channels in\u00a0the\u00a0basin,<\/li>\n
- Z3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 total length of\u00a0watercourse regulation,<\/li>\n
- Z4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 extent of\u00a0arable land,<\/li>\n
- Z5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 extent of\u00a0soil blocks slightly at risk of\u00a0erosion\u00a0according to\u00a0LPIS,<\/li>\n
- Z6 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 extent of\u00a0soil blocks strongly at risk of\u00a0erosion\u00a0according to\u00a0LPIS,<\/li>\n
- Z7 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 occurrence of\u00a0erosion\u00a0events.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For\u00a0the\u00a0purposes of\u00a0MCA, individual indicators were given points, expressing the\u00a0area or\u00a0the\u00a0total length of\u00a0the\u00a0catchment area. Specifically, by\u00a0overlaying the\u00a0layers in\u00a0the\u00a0ArcMap program (using the\u00a0\u201cIntersect\u201d command), it was\u00a0determined which area is\u00a0located in\u00a0a\u00a0specific IV order basin. The\u00a0given indicator\u00a0was\u00a0subsequently divided into\u00a0categories on\u00a0a\u00a0scale of\u00a00 to\u00a05 points, where 0 = the\u00a0indicator\u00a0does not occur here either at all or\u00a0only negligibly, and 5 = significant influence and occurrence of\u00a0the\u00a0indicator. In\u00a0the\u00a0case of\u00a0indicator\u00a0Z7, only two categories were created, namely 0 = the\u00a0indicator\u00a0does not occur here, 1 = the\u00a0indicator\u00a0occurs here. The\u00a0resulting assessment was\u00a0the\u00a0sum of\u00a0the\u00a0values of\u00a0the\u00a0above-mentioned indicators (i.e., Ztotal<\/sub> = Z1 + Z2 + Z3 + Z4 + Z5 + Z6 + Z7). The\u00a0highest value meant the\u00a0greatest problem in\u00a0the\u00a0area of\u00a0agricultural land. Data evaluation\u00a0took place in\u00a0the\u00a0environment of\u00a0geoinformation\u00a0systems (ArcMap from ESRI and the\u00a0open-source program QGIS), in\u00a0which all map outputs were subsequently created.<\/p>\n
<\/a>Fig. 3. Types of management on agricultural land<\/h6>\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION<\/h2>\n
According to\u00a0the\u00a0central register of\u00a0watercourses, there are 12,527 km of\u00a0watercourses in\u00a0the\u00a0studied area of\u00a0the\u00a0Dyje basin. From a\u00a0historical point of\u00a0view, the\u00a0majority of\u00a0watercourses in\u00a0the\u00a0landscape were under the\u00a0management of\u00a0the\u00a0Agricultural Water Management Administration, namely 5,669\u00a0km of\u00a0the\u00a0length of\u00a0watercourses and drainage facilities (approximately 45 % of\u00a0the\u00a0length of\u00a0all watercourses in\u00a0the\u00a0studied area); after its operation\u00a0ceased, responsibility for\u00a0the\u00a0condition\u00a0of\u00a0these watercourses were mainly taken over by\u00a0Povod\u00ed Moravy State Enterprise, Lesy \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky State Enterprise, and the\u00a0State Land Office. The\u00a0Agricultural Water Management Administration\u00a0mainly carried out maintenance work on\u00a0watercourses. This\u00a0involved modifying riverbeds, dredging sediments, removing trees, mowing banks, etc.; however, under political and economic pressure, watercourses were also straightened, piped, agriculturally usable areas\u00a0were drained, and possible restoration\u00a0was\u00a0suppressed. In\u00a01983, adversarial proceedings of\u00a0the\u00a0technical and operational development plan of\u00a0Povod\u00ed Moravy State Enterprise was\u00a0held in\u00a0Brno, which dealt with the\u00a0issue of\u00a0making adjustments to\u00a0watercourses that meet the\u00a0ecological conditions of\u00a0the\u00a0landscape in\u00a0the\u00a0given area, but without significant results. According to\u00a0the\u00a0analyses, almost 12 % of\u00a0the\u00a0total studied area of\u00a0the\u00a0Dyje basin\u00a0was\u00a0completely drained. From the\u00a0point of\u00a0view of\u00a0modifications of\u00a0watercourses and main\u00a0reclamation\u00a0facilities, approximately 3,000 km of\u00a0their length was\u00a0affected and modified, i.e., almost a\u00a0quarter of\u00a0all watercourses in\u00a0the\u00a0monitored basin. However, it must be taken into\u00a0account that this\u00a0data does not contain\u00a0complete information\u00a0about all watercourses and from all administrators, so it can be assumed that the\u00a0total length can be significantly greater. Another factor\u00a0affecting the\u00a0currently existing documents is\u00a0the\u00a0shifting of\u00a0responsibilities between institutions, both in\u00a0terms of\u00a0the\u00a0transfer of\u00a0physical project documentation\u00a0and their electronic recording.<\/p>\n
Area drainage was\u00a0included in\u00a0indicator\u00a0Z1, which was\u00a0subsequently related to\u00a0the\u00a0catchment area. The\u00a0sum of\u00a0the\u00a0lengths ZV110 (main\u00a0drainage facility), ZV300 (main\u00a0melioration\u00a0facility open), and ZV310 (main\u00a0melioration\u00a0facility piped) was\u00a0included in\u00a0the\u00a0Z2 indicator, and the\u00a0sum of\u00a0the\u00a0lengths ZV\u00a0200 (watercourse adjustment) and ZV210 (watercourse adjustment by\u00a0piping) was\u00a0included in\u00a0the\u00a0Z3 category.<\/p>\n
Information\u00a0from the\u00a0public land register (LPIS) was\u00a0included in\u00a0the\u00a0evaluation\u00a0of\u00a0indicators \u201cZ4 extent of\u00a0arable land\u201d, \u201cZ5 extent of\u00a0MEO according to\u00a0LPIS\u201d, and \u201cZ6 extent of\u00a0SEO according to\u00a0LPIS\u201d. According to\u00a0the\u00a0public land register, 53 % of\u00a0the\u00a0total area is\u00a0used as\u00a0agricultural land, of\u00a0which 43 % is\u00a0standard arable land. Since 2014, there has\u00a0been a\u00a0decrease in\u00a0standard arable land by\u00a0about 80 km2, which is\u00a0a\u00a0negligible amount in\u00a0terms of\u00a0the\u00a0total area.<\/p>\n
Within\u00a0the\u00a0framework of\u00a0the\u00a0Agricultural Land Fund, the\u00a0occurrence of\u00a0recorded erosion\u00a0events was\u00a0also addressed, which were part of\u00a0the\u00a0indicator\u00a0\u201cZ7 extent of\u00a0erosion\u00a0events\u201d. According to\u00a0background data, 622 erosion\u00a0events took place in\u00a0the\u00a0Dyje basin\u00a0(on\u00a0a\u00a0total area of\u00a080.7 km2), of\u00a0which 99 % were on\u00a0standard arable land. However, the\u00a0quality of\u00a0recording of\u00a0erosion\u00a0events is\u00a0problematic. The\u00a0almost 100 % occurrence of\u00a0events on\u00a0standard arable land can be affected by\u00a0the\u00a0subjectivity of\u00a0recording, for\u00a0example. The\u00a0observer can better see furrows in\u00a0arable land or\u00a0in\u00a0wide-row crops. Also, greater damage to\u00a0roads occurs during erosion\u00a0events on\u00a0arable land without vegetation\u00a0cover, especially during the\u00a0period of\u00a0soil preparation\u00a0for\u00a0sowing and within\u00a0one month of\u00a0sowing. It is\u00a0also estimated that only 10 % of\u00a0all erosion\u00a0events are recorded in\u00a0the\u00a0erosion\u00a0monitoring database, and even here a\u00a0certain\u00a0degree of\u00a0subjectivization\u00a0plays a\u00a0role from the\u00a0point of\u00a0view of\u00a0reporting, or\u00a0the\u00a0degree of\u00a0citizen activity.<\/p>\n
On\u00a0the\u00a0basis\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0MCA methodology, a\u00a0summary assessment regarding the\u00a0area of\u00a0agricultural land was\u00a0created as\u00a0a\u00a0sum of\u00a0partial indicators. 1,033\u00a0IV order basins were evaluated. The\u00a0maximum value achieved in\u00a0this\u00a0area was\u00a019, specifically in\u00a0basin\u00a0414020280 (Ostrojkovick\u00fd stream), west of\u00a0the\u00a0town of\u00a0Jemnice in\u00a0the\u00a0Vyso\u010dina region, and the\u00a0value 18 in\u00a0basin\u00a0415031062 (Moutnick\u00fd stream), east of\u00a0the\u00a0town of\u00a0\u017didlochovice in\u00a0the\u00a0South Moravian region. The\u00a0 high level of\u00a0threat of\u00a0these basins is\u00a0also evidenced by\u00a0the\u00a0fact that basin\u00a0414020280 was\u00a0included in\u00a0the\u00a0study of\u00a0semi-natural flood control measures in\u00a0the\u00a0\u017deletavka basin\u00a0and in\u00a0other critical basins above the\u00a0Vranov water reservoir [16], whose investor\u00a0was\u00a0Povod\u00ed Moravy State Enterprise; in\u00a0basin\u00a0414020280, the\u00a0most extensive erosion\u00a0event was\u00a0recorded in\u00a0the\u00a0entire studied area. Tab. 3 shows an overview of\u00a0IV order basins which reached the\u00a0highest values in\u00a0terms of\u00a0the\u00a0given indicators, namely values 15 and above.<\/p>\n
Tab. 3. Final results of\u00a0the\u00a0indicators
<\/a><\/h5>\n<\/a>Fig. 4. Graphic representation\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0indicators<\/h6>\nCONCLUSION<\/h2>\n
MCA application\u00a0is\u00a0effective for\u00a0the\u00a0Czech Republic in\u00a0terms of\u00a0drafting adaptation\u00a0measures. This\u00a0is\u00a0indicated by\u00a0the\u00a0results from both the\u00a0Pardubice and Pilsen regions. The\u00a0advantage of\u00a0applying MCA in\u00a0the\u00a0Czech Republic is\u00a0a\u00a0large amount of\u00a0background data which, although of\u00a0varying accuracy, timeliness and, in\u00a0particular, availability, can be used successfully after adjustments and above all after spatial homogenization. The\u00a0biggest shortcoming in\u00a0both regions proved to\u00a0be the\u00a0delay in\u00a0identifying the\u00a0social need and demand for\u00a0the\u00a0implementation\u00a0of\u00a0adaptation\u00a0measures; it was\u00a0proven that information\u00a0about the\u00a0possibility of\u00a0implementing these measures should not only be directed to\u00a0the\u00a0representatives of\u00a0cities and municipalities, but also to\u00a0the\u00a0wider public. As\u00a0we already mentioned, the\u00a0highly topical aspect of\u00a0the\u00a0energy use of\u00a0the\u00a0landscape was\u00a0not evaluated within\u00a0an MCA in\u00a0the\u00a0Pardubice or\u00a0Pilsen region. The\u00a0knowledge gained from both MCAs\u00a0will be further taken into\u00a0account when using MCA for\u00a0the\u00a0studied area of\u00a0the\u00a0Dyje basin, where an MCA related to\u00a0agricultural land has\u00a0already been carried out. An evaluation\u00a0based on\u00a0seven indicators, namely in\u00a0the\u00a0field of\u00a0drainage of\u00a0soil blocks (three indicators), their use, erosion\u00a0risk (two indicators) and the\u00a0occurrence of\u00a0erosion\u00a0events, was\u00a0carried out in\u00a01, 033 IV order river basins. Basin\u00a0414020280 (Ostojkovick\u00fd stream) and basin\u00a0415031062 (Mut\u011bnick\u00fd stream) appear to\u00a0be the\u00a0most threatened within\u00a0the\u00a0MCA. In\u00a0these basins, the\u00a0priority of\u00a0implementing adaptation\u00a0measures on\u00a0agricultural land is\u00a0the\u00a0highest.<\/p>\n
The\u00a0comprehensive MCA in\u00a0the\u00a0Dyje Basin\u00a0will continue for\u00a0the\u00a0next three years, based on\u00a0all the\u00a0indicators used in\u00a0the\u00a0evaluation\u00a0of\u00a0both of\u00a0the\u00a0above-mentioned strategies, supplemented by\u00a0an evaluation\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0impact of\u00a0the\u00a0energy use of\u00a0the\u00a0landscape, the\u00a0expansion\u00a0of\u00a0research in\u00a0the\u00a0area of\u00a0forests, but also state land, and also with greater public involvement.<\/p>\n
Acknowledgments<\/h3>\n
The\u00a0research presented in\u00a0this\u00a0paper was\u00a0supported by\u00a0the\u00a0specific junior\u00a0grant FAST-J-22-8039 \u201eEvaluation\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0landscape water regime and revision\u00a0of\u00a0critical points as\u00a0a\u00a0basis\u00a0for\u00a0drafting adaptation\u00a0measures and evaluation\u00a0of\u00a0their effectiveness using rainfall-runoff models\u201c. I also thank my colleagues for\u00a0their moral support and professional advice.<\/em><\/p>\n
The Czech version of this article was peer-reviewed, the English version was translated from\u00a0the Czech original by Environmental Translation Ltd.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
This\u00a0article deals with applications of\u00a0the\u00a0specific method of\u00a0multicriteria analysis\u00a0(MCA) and its use in\u00a0the\u00a0identification\u00a0of\u00a0areas\u00a0within\u00a0the\u00a0Czech Republic where adaptation\u00a0measures to\u00a0the\u00a0consequences of\u00a0climate change would be most effective. MCA was\u00a0chosen due to\u00a0its comprehensive approach and the\u00a0simplicity of\u00a0working with available data in\u00a0the\u00a0Czech Republic. The\u00a0first MCA have already been applied in\u00a0the\u00a0Pilsen and Pardubice Regions within\u00a0the\u00a0framework of\u00a0the\u00a0creation\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0strategic document Regional Strategy of\u00a0Adaptation\u00a0Measures (Region\u00e1ln\u00ed strategie adapta\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, ReSAO), whose aim was\u00a0to\u00a0assess the\u00a0vulnerability of\u00a0the\u00a0entire area of\u00a0these regions. The\u00a0results from both strategies are expedient from the\u00a0point of\u00a0view of\u00a0drafting adaptation\u00a0measures, and it was\u00a0therefore decided to\u00a0use MCA as\u00a0part of\u00a0a\u00a0larger project in\u00a0the\u00a0Dyje basin. In\u00a0the\u00a0first phase, the\u00a0implemented analyses were evaluated to\u00a0improve MCA for\u00a0the\u00a0studied area. In\u00a0the\u00a0second phase, MCA was\u00a0applied to\u00a0the\u00a0area of\u00a0agricultural land. Several thematic indicators were evaluated, namely surface drainage, land use, erosion\u00a0risk, and occurrence of\u00a0erosion\u00a0events. The\u00a0aim was\u00a0to\u00a0focus on\u00a0IV order basins, in\u00a0which the\u00a0priority of\u00a0implementing measures on\u00a0agricultural land is\u00a0the\u00a0highest. The\u00a0result was\u00a0a\u00a0list of\u00a0IV order basins with a\u00a0partial and summary assessment of\u00a0problems within\u00a0the\u00a0total studied area of\u00a0the\u00a0Dyje basin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":19030,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[91,86,93],"tags":[2826,3137,3138,3136,3135],"coauthors":[3113,3111],"class_list":["post-21109","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-applied-ecology","category-hydraulics-hydrology-and-hydrogeology","category-two-articles","tag-adaptation-measures","tag-arable-land","tag-drainage","tag-dyje-basin","tag-multi-criteria-analysis"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21109","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21109"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21109\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32056,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21109\/revisions\/32056"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19030"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21109"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21109"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21109"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=21109"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Plevkova-obr-1-1.jpg\")
<\/a>Fig. 1. Map of\u00a0studied area of\u00a0Dyje river basin\u00a0in\u00a0Czech Republic<\/h6>\n