{"id":2103,"date":"2016-06-08T10:47:43","date_gmt":"2016-06-08T10:47:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=2103"},"modified":"2024-07-16T11:28:34","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T10:28:34","slug":"future-water-needs-in-public-water-supply-sector","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2016\/06\/future-water-needs-in-public-water-supply-sector\/","title":{"rendered":"Future water needs in public water supply sector"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

Souhrn<\/h2>\n

V\u00a0p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku jsou shrnuty z\u00e1v\u011bry anal\u00fdzy mo\u017en\u00fdch budouc\u00edch pot\u0159eb vody v\u00a0\u010dasov\u00e9m horizontu 2030\u20132050 pro sektor ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f podle vymezen\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho ve vodn\u00ed bilanci. Byly analyzov\u00e1ny \u010dty\u0159i mo\u017en\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e v\u00fdvoje, kter\u00e9 vych\u00e1zej\u00ed ze sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f projektu Water Scenarios for Europe and for Neighbouring States. V\u00a0\u00favodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u010dl\u00e1nku je podrobn\u011b pops\u00e1n sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav a\u00a0existuj\u00edc\u00ed progn\u00f3zy dostupn\u00e9 v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice. Tato podkladov\u00e1 data slou\u017eila k\u00a0odvozen\u00ed koeficient\u016f vyu\u017eit\u00fdch pro kvantifikaci pot\u0159eb vody v\u00a0budoucnosti. Rozp\u011bt\u00ed odvozen\u00fdch koeficient\u016f a\u00a0dostupn\u00e9 demografick\u00e9 progn\u00f3zy slou\u017eily k\u00a0simulac\u00edm budouc\u00edch pot\u0159eb vody. V\u00fdsledky simulac\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee podle dvou uva\u017eovan\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f dojde k\u00a0zastaven\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho trendu poklesu odb\u011br\u016f vody pro sektor ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f a\u00a0zachov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b obdobn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b odb\u011br\u016f jako v\u00a0uplynul\u00e9 dek\u00e1d\u011b. Naopak dva sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed pokles odb\u011br\u016f pro sektor ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f.<\/p>\n\"Ansorge<\/a>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

Hrozba klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny vyvolala v\u00a0uplynul\u00fdch letech intenzivn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum v\u00a0oblasti mo\u017en\u00fdch dopad\u016f tohoto fenom\u00e9nu jak na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zdroje, tak na jednotliv\u00e9 sektory n\u00e1rodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. V\u00fdsledkem tohoto v\u00fdzkumu je na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b kvantifikovan\u00e1 informace o\u00a0mo\u017en\u00fdch dopadech na vodn\u00ed zdroje a\u00a0dostupnosti vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f [1\u20136], na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b pak relativn\u011b nekonkr\u00e9tn\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed budouc\u00edch pot\u0159eb vody [nap\u0159.\u00a06, 7 a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed]. D\u016fsledkem tohoto stavu je \u00fakol \u201estanoven\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch pot\u0159eb vody podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a\u00a0v\u00fdvoje spole\u010dnosti\u201c uveden\u00fd v\u00a0Koncepci vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 politiky Ministerstva zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed do roku 2015 [8, s. 18]. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu v\u011bdy a\u00a0v\u00fdzkumu TD020113 jsme se zab\u00fdvali v\u00fdvojem metodiky pro stanoven\u00ed budouc\u00edch pot\u0159eb vody [9] a\u00a0jej\u00ed aplikac\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e9 studii [10]. V\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm textu jsou shrnuty v\u00fdsledky stanoven\u00ed pot\u0159eb vody pro sektor ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f v\u00fdvoje spole\u010dnosti pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9 obdob\u00ed 2030\u20132050. V\u00a0sektoru ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f je realizov\u00e1no 33 a\u017e 38\u00a0% ve\u0161ker\u00fdch odb\u011br\u016f evidovan\u00fdch ve vodn\u00ed bilanci a\u00a0je tak po sektoru energetiky druh\u00fdm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm odb\u011bratelem vod v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice. S\u00a0postupn\u00fdm uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm tepeln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0vyt\u011b\u017een\u00edm z\u00e1sob dostupn\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee se sektor ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f dostane op\u011bt na m\u00edsto nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho odb\u011bratele vod.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti se prov\u00e1d\u00ed sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdhledov\u00fdch pot\u0159eb vody v\u00a0r\u00e1mci vodn\u00ed bilance podle metodick\u00e9ho pokynu MZe \u010d.\u00a0j. 25\u2009248\/2002\u20136000 jednou za 6\u00a0let na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u201ep\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f (n\u00e1rok\u016f) na odb\u011bry vody a\u00a0vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch v\u00a0r\u00e1mci ohla\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f pro vodn\u00ed bilanci, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b \u00fadaj\u016f z\u00a0platn\u00fdch povolen\u00ed k\u00a0nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0vodami\u201c. Jak vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0\u00fadaj\u016f uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch v\u00a0ohla\u0161ovac\u00edm formul\u00e1\u0159i, je vypov\u00eddac\u00ed schopnost p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdch odb\u011br\u016f velmi mal\u00e1\u00a0\u2013 viz\u00a0nap\u0159.\u00a0[11], kde zpracovatel\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201eAnal\u00fdzou \u00fadaj\u016f, kter\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 ve v\u00fdhledov\u00fdch polo\u017ek\u00e1ch, bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee pro pl\u00e1n v\u011bt\u0161inou pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed hodnotu st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho roku. Nepou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed se do \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch anal\u00fdz a\u00a0p\u0159i telefonick\u00e9m styku odm\u00edtaj\u00ed d\u00e1t jak\u00fdkoliv v\u00fdhled d\u00e1le ne\u017e na 1\u00a0rok dop\u0159edu a\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161inou charakterizuj\u00ed v\u00fdvoj jako st\u00e1l\u00fd bez n\u00e1r\u016fstu \u010di poklesu.<\/em>\u201c Re\u00e1ln\u00e1 spot\u0159eba vody ale nen\u00ed d\u00e1na povolen\u00fdmi mno\u017estv\u00edmi, n\u00fdbr\u017e v\u00fdvojem spole\u010dnosti v\u00a0oblasti soci\u00e1ln\u00ed, ekonomick\u00e9, demografick\u00e9 a\u00a0technologick\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Jednou z\u00a0podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch studi\u00ed, zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se budouc\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami vody v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice a\u00a0vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed jin\u00e9 postupy zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0jin\u00e1 data ne\u017e pouze data dostupn\u00e1 ve vodn\u00ed bilanci, byla V\u00fdhledov\u00e1 studie pot\u0159eb a\u00a0zdroj\u016f vody v\u00a0Karlovarsk\u00e9m kraji [4]. Studie dosud realizovan\u00e9 v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice se soust\u0159e\u010fuj\u00ed na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci jednoho pl\u00e1novac\u00edho cyklu, tj.\u00a0s\u00a0v\u00fdhledem cca\u00a06 a\u017e 10\u00a0let. Del\u0161\u00ed progn\u00f3zu pot\u0159eb vody obsahoval Sm\u011brn\u00fd vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pl\u00e1n, kter\u00fd byl pravideln\u011b aktualizov\u00e1n tzv.\u00a0Publikacemi SVP. Posledn\u00ed aktualizace progn\u00f3zy pot\u0159eb vody byla obsa\u017eena v\u00a0Publikaci SVP \u010d.\u00a044 z\u00a0roku 1997 [12]. \u010casov\u00fd horizont progn\u00f3zy byl do roku 2015. Dal\u0161\u00ed progn\u00f3zu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vod v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice obsahoval tzv.\u00a0Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 [13] zpracovan\u00fd v\u00a0r\u00e1mci p\u0159\u00edpravy Pl\u00e1nu hlavn\u00edch povod\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky [14] ov\u0161em op\u011bt s\u00a0\u010dasov\u00fdm horizontem roku 2015. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti jsou jednotliv\u00fdmi st\u00e1tn\u00edmi podniky Povod\u00ed zpracov\u00e1ny tzv.\u00a0vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 bilance v\u00fdhledov\u00e9ho stavu s\u00a0\u010dasov\u00fdm horizontem roku 2021 [11, 15, 16].\u00a0V\u00fdsledky t\u011bchto vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch bilanc\u00ed jsou pak prom\u00edtnuty do kapitoly II.1.4 Pl\u00e1n\u016f d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch povod\u00ed a\u00a0kapitoly II.1.6 N\u00e1rodn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f povod\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdhledov\u00fdmi pot\u0159ebami se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 Pl\u00e1ny rozvoje vodovod\u016f zpracovan\u00e9 jednotliv\u00fdmi kraji, viz\u00a0nap\u0159\u00edklad [17]. Tyto dokumenty zpracov\u00e1van\u00e9 na po\u010d\u00e1tku stolet\u00ed se v\u0161ak zab\u00fdvaly op\u011bt obdob\u00edm do roku 2015 a\u00a0jejich aktualizace se stanoven\u00edm v\u00fdhledov\u00fdch pot\u0159eb vody pro jin\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd horizont obvykle nezab\u00fdvaj\u00ed. S\u00a0ohledem na klesaj\u00edc\u00ed dod\u00e1vky vody z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f je to tak\u00e9 pochopiteln\u00e9, i\u00a0kdy\u017e se nyn\u00ed v\u00a0d\u016fsledku such\u00fdch obdob\u00ed v\u00a0uplynul\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch diskutuje o\u00a0pot\u0159eb\u011b aktualizace t\u011bchto dokument\u016f.<\/p>\n

Metodika a\u00a0vstupn\u00ed data<\/h2>\n

\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed sektoru ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f vych\u00e1zelo z\u00a0metodick\u00e9ho postupu vyvinut\u00e9ho v\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu TD0202113 [9]. Pot\u0159eba vody pro sektor ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f byla definov\u00e1na jako mno\u017estv\u00ed vody odebran\u00e9 z\u00a0povrchov\u00fdch a\u00a0podzemn\u00edch vod s\u00a0uveden\u00fdm u\u017eit\u00edm pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 vodovody. Jak ukazuje obr.\u00a01<\/em>, mno\u017estv\u00ed vody evidovan\u00e9 ve vodn\u00ed bilanci podle vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky \u010d.\u00a0431\/2001 Sb. s\u00a0uveden\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 vodovody ve v\u0161ech sektorech je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u011b velk\u00e9 jako mno\u017estv\u00ed vody odebran\u00e9 v\u00a0sektoru ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f. Jednotliv\u00e9 sledovan\u00e9 sektory v\u00a0r\u00e1mci vodn\u00ed bilance jsou definov\u00e1ny k\u00f3dem ekonomick\u00e9 \u010dinnosti NACE [18].<\/p>\n\"Ansorge<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a01. Odb\u011bry povrchov\u00fdch a\u00a0podzemn\u00edch vod\u00a0\u2013 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 vodovody (zdroj dat: vodn\u00ed bilance)
\nFig. 1. Withdrawals from surface and ground water for public water supply systems (data source: water balance)<\/h6>\n

Model sektoru ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f pracuje se t\u0159emi hlavn\u00edmi komponentami a\u00a0lze jej vyj\u00e1d\u0159it pomoc\u00ed t\u00e9to rovnice:<\/p>\n\"Ansorge<\/a>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kde<\/td>\nQVVR<\/em><\/sub><\/td>\nje<\/td>\nvoda vyroben\u00e1, ur\u010den\u00e1 k\u00a0realizaci,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nQVFD<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<\/td>\nvoda dodan\u00e1 (fakturovan\u00e1) dom\u00e1cnostem,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nQVFO<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<\/td>\nvoda dodan\u00e1 (fakturovan\u00e1) ostatn\u00edm odb\u011bratel\u016fm,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nQVNF<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<\/td>\nvoda nefakturovan\u00e1, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty ve vodovodn\u00ed s\u00edti (\u00faniky), vlastn\u00ed spot\u0159ebu (v\u00a0objektech provozovatele s\u00edt\u011b, proplachy po oprav\u00e1ch\u00a0apod.), ostatn\u00ed nefakturovanou vodu (nap\u0159.\u00a0vodu hasebn\u00ed\u00a0apod.) a\u00a0\u201erezervu ve fakturaci\u201c (nep\u0159esnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, \u010dern\u00e9 odb\u011bry).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav<\/h3>\n

A. Dod\u00e1vky vody obyvatelstvu<\/h4>\n

Mno\u017estv\u00ed vody dodan\u00e9 v\u0161em odb\u011bratel\u016fm mezi roky 1990\u20132014 setrvale kles\u00e1, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak do\u0161lo k\u00a0n\u00e1r\u016fstu pod\u00edlu obyvatel napojen\u00fdch na ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 vodovody z\u00a083,2\u00a0% na 94,2\u00a0%, s\u00a0t\u00edm souvis\u00ed i\u00a0n\u00e1r\u016fst pod\u00edl\u016f dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed na dod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch vody z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f z\u00a058,3\u00a0% na 67,4\u00a0% (tabulka 1<\/em>). Pod\u00edl dod\u00e1vek pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f se pohybuje mezi 1 a\u017e 2\u00a0%, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e na po\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let tvo\u0159ily dod\u00e1vky vody zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016fm kolem 3\u20134\u00a0% v\u0161ech dod\u00e1vek z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f. Ostatn\u00ed odb\u011bratel\u00e9 v\u010detn\u011b pr\u016fmyslu odeb\u00edraj\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jednu t\u0159etinu v\u0161ech dod\u00e1vek z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u00a090. letech to bylo okolo 40\u00a0%.<\/p>\n

S\u00a0n\u00e1r\u016fstem po\u010dtu napojen\u00fdch obyvatel a\u00a0poklesem spot\u0159eby vody z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f souvis\u00ed i\u00a0pokles specifick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby vody. Specifick\u00e1 pot\u0159eba vody fakturovan\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnostem \u010dinila v\u00a0roce 1989 171,0 l.os-1<\/sup>.den-1<\/sup>, zat\u00edmco v\u00a0roce 2014 pouze 87,3 l.os-1<\/sup>.den-1<\/sup> [18]. Pokles specifick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby vody je \u010dasto d\u00e1v\u00e1n do souvislosti s\u00a0n\u00e1r\u016fstem ceny vodn\u00e9ho a\u00a0sto\u010dn\u00e9ho. Mezi roky 1994 a\u017e\u00a02014 do\u0161lo k\u00a0n\u00e1r\u016fstu pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho vodn\u00e9ho a\u00a0sto\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00a016,71\u2008K\u010d na 78,55\u2008K\u010d v\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch cen\u00e1ch, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u00e1r\u016fst vodn\u00e9ho a\u00a0sto\u010dn\u00e9ho byl v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m roce vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e n\u00e1r\u016fst pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch cen [19].<\/p>\n

Tabulka 1. Dod\u00e1vky vody z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f (zdroj dat: \u010cS\u00da)
\nTable 1. Supply of water from public water systems (data source: \u010cS\u00da)<\/h5>\n\"Ansorge-tabulka-1\"<\/a>\n

Samotn\u00e1 hodnota vodn\u00e9ho a\u00a0sto\u010dn\u00e9ho nevypov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 o\u00a0n\u00e1kladech u\u017eivatel\u016f na vodu. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u00fadaj\u016f o\u00a0p\u0159\u00edjmech, v\u00fddaj\u00edch a\u00a0\u017eivotn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed a\u00a0statistiky rodinn\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dt\u016f \u010cS\u00da lze stanovit pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd pod\u00edl n\u00e1klad\u016f na vodn\u00e9 a\u00a0sto\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f a\u00a0v\u00fddaj\u016f na osobu v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice (tabulka 2<\/em>). Z\u00a0\u00fadaj\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0postupn\u00e9mu pozvoln\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu n\u00e1klad\u016f na vodn\u00e9 a\u00a0sto\u010dn\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di \u010dist\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edjm\u016fm i\u00a0v\u00fddaj\u016fm (obr.\u00a02<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Mno\u017estv\u00ed vody dodan\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnostem je mo\u017eno vyj\u00e1d\u0159it pomoc\u00ed rovnice:<\/p>\n\"Ansorge<\/a>\n\n\n\n\n
Kde<\/td>\nNos<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nje<\/td>\npo\u010det osob z\u00e1sobovan\u00fdch z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nqsp VFD<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<\/td>\nspecifick\u00e1 spot\u0159eba vody na obyvatele.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/h4>\n

B. Dod\u00e1vky vody ostatn\u00edm odb\u011bratel\u016fm<\/h4>\n

Jak vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0\u00fadaj\u016f o\u00a0dod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch vody z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f (tabulka 1<\/em>), je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 30\u201335\u00a0% dodan\u00e9 vody u\u017eito v\u00a0pr\u016fmyslu a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch odv\u011btv\u00edch n\u00e1rodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Z\u00a0\u00fadaj\u016f o\u00a0hrub\u00e9 p\u0159idan\u00e9 hodnot\u011b generovan\u00e9 jednotliv\u00fdmi odv\u011btv\u00edmi n\u00e1rodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed (tabulka 4<\/em>) lze odhadnout, \u017ee podniky a\u00a0instituce napojen\u00e9 na ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 vodovody mohou generovat 60 a\u017e 90\u00a0% HDP (tabulka 3<\/em>). Obdobn\u011b jako v\u00a0jin\u00fdch rozvinut\u00fdch zem\u00edch [nap\u0159.\u00a020, 21] do\u0161lo v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice k\u00a0odd\u011blen\u00ed v\u00fdvoje pot\u0159eby vody od ekonomick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje. Pokles pot\u0159eby vody, kter\u00fd sledujeme v\u00a0uplynul\u00fdch letech, tak nen\u00ed zp\u016fsoben poklesem v\u00fdkonnosti n\u00e1rodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, ale naopak tlakem na zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed efektivity u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f a\u00a0na zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed \u00fasporn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Proto\u017ee nejde na dostupn\u00fdch datech v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice odli\u0161it HDP vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 podniky napojen\u00fdmi na ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 vodovody, pou\u017eili jsme pro vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed vody dodan\u00e9 ostatn\u00edm u\u017eivatel\u016fm syntetick\u00fd ukazatel \u201eekonomick\u00e9 efektivnosti u\u017eit\u00ed vody\u201c vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed vody z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f vzta\u017een\u00fd na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed HDP za celou \u010ceskou republiku. Takto stanoven\u00fd ukazatel vykazuje, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i u\u017eit\u00ed st\u00e1l\u00fdch cen, pom\u011brn\u011b stabiln\u00ed trend poklesu (obr.\u00a03<\/em>) p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o\u00a04\u00a0% ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Mno\u017estv\u00ed vody dodan\u00e9 ostatn\u00edm u\u017eivatel\u016fm je tak mo\u017eno vyj\u00e1d\u0159it pomoc\u00ed rovnice:<\/p>\n\"Ansorge<\/a>\n\n\n\n\n
Kde<\/td>\nHDP<\/em><\/td>\nje<\/td>\nhrub\u00fd dom\u00e1c\u00ed produkt \u010cR,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nqsp HDP<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<\/td>\nspecifick\u00e1 spot\u0159eba vody na produkci 1\u2008K\u010d HDP.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

C. Voda nedodan\u00e1 odb\u011bratel\u016fm<\/h4>\n

Voda dodan\u00e1 (fakturovan\u00e1) odb\u011bratel\u016fm p\u0159edstavuje pouze \u010d\u00e1st vody vyroben\u00e9 vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi. Tzv.\u00a0nefakturovan\u00e1 voda v\u00a0sob\u011b zahrnuje ztr\u00e1ty ve vodovodn\u00ed s\u00edti, vlastn\u00ed spot\u0159ebu vody vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi a\u00a0ostatn\u00ed nefakturovanou vodu. Jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed tabulka 5<\/em>, ztr\u00e1ty vody se da\u0159\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b sni\u017eovat z\u00a031,5\u00a0% z\u00a0fakturovan\u00e9 vody v\u00a0roce 2002 na 20,5\u00a0% z\u00a0fakturovan\u00e9 vody v\u00a0roce 2015. Oproti tomu se mno\u017estv\u00ed ostatn\u00ed nefakturovan\u00e9 vody pohybuje na \u00farovni cca\u00a03,8\u00a0% fakturovan\u00e9 vody. D\u00e1le je rozd\u00edl mezi mno\u017estv\u00edm vody vyroben\u00e9 tak, jak je \u010cS\u00da reportuj\u00ed vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, a\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00edm vody odebran\u00e9 z\u00a0vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f tak, jak je evidov\u00e1no ve vodn\u00ed bilanci. Vlastn\u00ed spot\u0159eba \u00fapravnami vody p\u0159edstavuje ve vyhodnocovan\u00e9m obdob\u00ed 2002 a\u017e 2014 pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b 3,6\u00a0% mno\u017estv\u00ed odebran\u00e9 z\u00a0povrchov\u00fdch a\u00a0podzemn\u00edch vod.<\/p>\n

Mno\u017estv\u00ed nedodan\u00e9 vody je mo\u017eno vyj\u00e1d\u0159it pomoc\u00ed rovnice:<\/p>\n\"Ansorge<\/a>\n\n\n\n
Kde<\/td>\nk<\/em><\/td>\nje<\/td>\nkoeficient souhrnn\u011b vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty vody v\u00a0s\u00edti, pot\u0159eby provozn\u00ed vody, rezervu ve fakturaci a\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00ed ostatn\u00ed nefakturovan\u00e9 vody.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\"Ansorge<\/a>\n
Obr.\u00a02. V\u00fdvoj specifick\u00fdch pot\u0159eb vody a\u00a0n\u00e1klad\u016f na vodn\u00e9 a\u00a0sto\u010dn\u00e9 (zdroj dat: MZe a\u00a0M\u017dP, \u010cS\u00da)
\nFig. 2. Specific needs of water and the price of water rate and sewage charge (data source: MZe a\u00a0M\u017dP, \u010cS\u00da)<\/h6>\n\"Ansorge<\/a>\n
Obr.\u00a03. Specifick\u00e1 pot\u0159eba vody dod\u00e1van\u00e9 z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f mimo dom\u00e1cnosti na tvorbu HDP (zdroj dat: \u010cS\u00da)
\nFig. 3. Specific needs of water supplied from public water systems outside the households to the GDP (data source: \u010cS\u00da)<\/h6>\n

Progn\u00f3zy dostupn\u00e9 v\u00a0\u010cR<\/h3>\n

V\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice existuje n\u011bkolik demografick\u00fdch progn\u00f3z. Zejm\u00e9na se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0projekce \u010cS\u00da [22, 23]. D\u00e1le existuj\u00ed projekce P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e9 fakulty Univerzity Karlovy [24, 25]. Demografick\u00e9 progn\u00f3zy obvykle obsahuj\u00ed t\u0159i mo\u017en\u00e9 varianty (n\u00edzkou, st\u0159edn\u00ed a\u00a0vysokou). V\u00a0oblasti v\u00fdvoje ekonomiky byla v\u00a0r\u00e1mci zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed Aktualizace st\u00e1tn\u00ed energetick\u00e9 koncepce zpracov\u00e1na progn\u00f3za v\u00fdvoje HDP ve dvou sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch [26].<\/p>\n

Tabulka 2. Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na vodn\u00e9 a\u00a0sto\u010dn\u00e9 s\u00a0\u010dist\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy a\u00a0v\u00fddaji (zdroj dat: \u010cS\u00da)
\nTable 2. Comparison of the price of water rate and sewage charge with net income and expenditure (data source: \u010cS\u00da)<\/h5>\n\"Ansorge-tabulka-2\"<\/a>\n

Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e v\u00fdvoje spole\u010dnosti<\/h3>\n

Ve sv\u011bt\u011b existuje n\u011bkolik rozd\u00edln\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f v\u00fdvoje. Pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed byly vybr\u00e1ny \u010dty\u0159i glob\u00e1ln\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e pro \u00fazem\u00ed Evropy vyvinut\u00e9 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu Water Scenarios for Europe and for Neighbouring States (SCENES) popisuj\u00edc\u00ed stav vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed v\u00a0Evrop\u011b a\u00a0vlivy p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na n\u011bj ve\u00a03 period\u00e1ch: 2008\u20132015; 2015\u20132030; 2030\u20132050. Zam\u011b\u0159ili jsme se na periodu 2030\u20132050. Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e projektu SCENES vych\u00e1zej\u00ed ze sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f\u00a0Global Environmental Outlook 4 [27].<\/p>\n\"Ansorge<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a04. O\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 pot\u0159eby vody v\u00a0sektoru ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f pro sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 preferuj\u00edc\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj
\nFig. 4. Expected water consumption in the sector of public water supply systems for scenario prioritizing sustainable development<\/h6>\n
Tabulka 3. Hrub\u00fd dom\u00e1c\u00ed produkt \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky v\u00fdrobn\u00ed metodou ve st\u00e1l\u00fdch cen\u00e1ch roku 2010 (zdroj dat: \u010cS\u00da)
\nTable 3. Gross domestic product of the Czech Republic calculated by the production method at constant prices of year 2010 (data source: \u010cS\u00da)<\/h5>\n

\"Ansorge-tabulka-3\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Postup zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f projektu SCENES byly odvozeny \u010dty\u0159i mo\u017en\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e v\u00fdvoje v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice nazvan\u00e9 \u201eUdr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj\u201c, \u201ePolitick\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed\u201c, \u201eEkonomick\u00fd rozvoj\u201c a\u00a0\u201eBezpe\u010dnost\u201c. Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 \u201eUdr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj\u201c lze charakterizovat jako vyv\u00e1\u017een\u011b balancuj\u00edc\u00ed po\u017eadavky ochrany \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ekonomick\u00e9ho r\u016fstu a\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnosti. Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 \u201ePolitick\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed\u201c akcentuje ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u00a0omezov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, prosazovan\u00e9 na vl\u00e1dn\u00ed \u00farovni a\u00a0politikami EU. Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 \u201eEkonomick\u00fd rozvoj\u201c naopak p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 omezen\u00ed vlivu politiky, omezen\u00ed z\u00e1sah\u016f na ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u00a0akcentaci ekonomick\u00e9ho rozvoje spole\u010dnosti. Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 \u201eBezpe\u010dnost\u201c akcentuje potravinovou a\u00a0energetickou bezpe\u010dnost, kdy u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f podl\u00e9h\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 regulaci. Podrobn\u00fd popis sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f popisuje studie [10].<\/p>\n

Tabulka 4. Hrub\u00e1 p\u0159idan\u00e1 hodnota podle odv\u011btv\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed (zdroj dat: \u010cS\u00da)
\n<\/span>Table 4. Gross value added by industry of the national economy (data source: \u010cS\u00da)<\/h5>\n

\"Ansorge-tabulka-4\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Tabulka 5. Z\u00e1vislost mezi vyrobenou vodou, fakturovanou vodou a\u00a0vodou odebranou z\u00a0vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 vodovody (zdroj dat: \u010cS\u00da, V\u00daV TGM)
\nTable 5. Dependence between the water produced, invoiced water and water taken from the water resources for public water supply systems (data source: \u010cS\u00da, V\u00daV TGM)<\/h5>\n

\"Ansorge-tabulka-5\"<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u011bmto sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016fm byly p\u0159i\u0159azeny mo\u017en\u00e9 varianty demografick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje podle progn\u00f3z \u010cS\u00da [22, 23] a\u00a0pracovn\u00edk\u016f P\u0159F UK [24], mo\u017en\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e v\u00fdvoje HDP (tabulka 6<\/em>)\u00a0a\u00a0odvozeny koeficienty qsp<\/sub>\u00a0VFD<\/sub><\/em>, qsp<\/sub>\u00a0HDP<\/sub><\/em> a\u00a0k<\/em>\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00e9 v\u00a0rovnic\u00edch (2), (3) a\u00a0(4) (tabulka 7<\/em>).\u00a0P\u0159i odvozen\u00ed koeficient\u016f bylo p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnuto k\u00a0p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9mu technologick\u00e9mu pokroku a\u00a0spole\u010densk\u00fdm preferenc\u00edm ochrany p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdmi sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i. Pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed byly sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e v\u00fdvoje HDP dopln\u011bny o\u00a0st\u0159edn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 odvozen\u00fd jako pr\u016fm\u011br z\u00a0obou sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f MPO [26].<\/p>\n

Tabulka 6. Shrnut\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vody\u00a0\u2013 obecn\u00e9 \u00fadaje
\nTable 6. Summary of scenarios of water use\u00a0\u2013 general information<\/h5>\n\"Ansorge-tabulka-6\"<\/a>\n

V\u00fdsledky a\u00a0diskuse<\/h2>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b kvantifikovan\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f u\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9ho sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e v\u00fdvoje \u010desk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti byly provedeny simulace o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch odb\u011br\u016f z\u00a0povrchov\u00fdch \u010di podzemn\u00edch vod. Pro ka\u017ed\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 v\u00fdvoje spole\u010dnosti byly simulov\u00e1ny v\u0161echny vytipovan\u00e9 kombinace demografick\u00fdch a\u00a0energetick\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f a\u00a0t\u0159\u00ed variant intervalov\u00fdch hodnot (s\u00a0uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm minim\u00e1ln\u00edch, st\u0159edn\u00edch a\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u00edch hodnot rozp\u011bt\u00ed). Kombinac\u00ed vstupn\u00edch hodnot vzniklo 45 mo\u017en\u00fdch variant. P\u0159i v\u00fdvoji podle sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e preferuj\u00edc\u00edho udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj (obr.\u00a04<\/em>) i\u00a0sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e preferuj\u00edc\u00edho ekonomick\u00fd rozvoj (obr.\u00a06<\/em>) lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat odb\u011bry p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b na sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u00farovni. Naopak u\u00a0sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f preferuj\u00edc\u00edch politick\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed (obr.\u00a05<\/em>) \u010di bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky (obr.\u00a07<\/em>) lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat dal\u0161\u00ed pokles pot\u0159eby odb\u011br\u016f.<\/p>\n\"Ansorge<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a05. O\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 pot\u0159eby vody v\u00a0sektoru ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f pro sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 preferuj\u00edc\u00ed politick\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed
\nFig. 5. Expected water consumption in the sector of public water supply systems for scenario prioritizing policies<\/h6>\n

Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e pou\u017eit\u00e9 pro stanoven\u00ed pot\u0159eb vody p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br z\u00a0mo\u017en\u00fdch alternativ budoucnosti. Vybran\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e postihuj\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fd trend spot\u0159eby vody ve vazb\u011b na v\u00fdvoj klimatu a\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti na r\u016fzn\u00fdch faktorech a\u00a0s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm existuj\u00edc\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch poznatk\u016f a\u00a0dostupn\u00fdch podklad\u016f. Neznamen\u00e1 to v\u0161ak, \u017ee budoucnost bude skute\u010dn\u011b odpov\u00eddat numericky p\u0159esn\u011b n\u011bkter\u00e9mu z\u00a0p\u0159edstaven\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f, ale \u017ee se budoucnost m\u016f\u017ee pohybovat v\u00a0mantinelech vyty\u010den\u00fdch t\u011bmito sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i.<\/p>\n\"Ansorge<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a06. O\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 pot\u0159eby vody v\u00a0sektoru ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f pro sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 preferuj\u00edc\u00ed ekonomick\u00fd rozvoj
\nFig. 6. Expected water consumption in the sector of public water supply systems for scenario prioritizing economic development<\/h6>\n

Hodnoty koeficient\u016f qsp<\/sub>\u00a0VFD<\/sub><\/em>, qsp<\/sub> HDP<\/sub><\/em> a\u00a0k<\/em>\u00a0odvozen\u00e9 v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch budoucnosti jsou z\u00a0velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti stanoveny s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm odborn\u00fdch odhad\u016f. Statistick\u00e9 postupy p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 metodikou [9] byly v\u00a0d\u016fsledku dostupnosti podkladov\u00fdch dat vyu\u017eity p\u0159i odvozen\u00ed koeficient\u016f omezen\u011b a\u00a0musely b\u00fdt korigov\u00e1ny o\u00a0o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd technologick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj a\u00a0o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 preference v\u00a0ochran\u011b \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. To s\u00a0sebou nese riziko ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f subjektivn\u00edmi preferencemi \u0159e\u0161itel\u016f.<\/p>\n\"Ansorge<\/a>\n

Obr.\u00a07. O\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 pot\u0159eby vody v\u00a0sektoru ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f pro sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 preferuj\u00edc\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky
\nFig. 7. Expected water consumption in the sector of public water supply systems for scenario prioritizing safety issues<\/h6>\n
Tabulka 7. Shrnut\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vody\u00a0\u2013 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 vodovody
\nTable 7. Summary of scenarios of water use\u00a0\u2013 public water supply systems<\/h5>\n\"Ansorge-tabulka-7\"<\/a>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

Proveden\u00e9 simulace nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee s\u00a0p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem populace v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice nelze o\u010dek\u00e1vat v\u00fdrazn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst odb\u011br\u016f vody pro sektor ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f. Dva sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed zachov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b odb\u011br\u016f s\u00a0rozp\u011bt\u00edm \u00b1 15\u00a0%. Dva sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e naopak p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed trendu poklesu odb\u011br\u016f a\u00a0odb\u011bry pro sektor ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch vodovod\u016f by mohly v\u00a0obdob\u00ed 2030 a\u017e 2050 klesnout oproti sou\u010dasnosti o\u00a015\u00a0%, resp. 25\u00a0% s\u00a0rozp\u011bt\u00edm cca\u00a0\u00b1\u200910\u00a0%.<\/p>\n

Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Projekt TD020113 \u201eDopady socio\u00ad<\/em>\u2011<\/em>ekonomick\u00fdch zm\u011bn ve spole\u010dnosti na spot\u0159ebu vody\u201c byl \u0159e\u0161en s\u00a0finan\u010dn\u00ed podporou Technologick\u00e9 agentury \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Programu na podporu aplikovan\u00e9ho spole\u010denskov\u011bdn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu a\u00a0experiment\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoje Omega.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In this article results of analysis of future water withdrawals from water resources for public water supply systems are summarized.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":1989,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[88,89],"tags":[458,459],"coauthors":[399],"class_list":["post-2103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-informatics-cartography-in-water-management","category-water-technology-water-supply-waste-water-treatment","tag-future-water-demand","tag-public-water-systems"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2103","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2103"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2103\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30332,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2103\/revisions\/30332"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1989"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2103"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2103"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2103"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=2103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}