{"id":1589,"date":"2016-02-09T07:20:55","date_gmt":"2016-02-09T07:20:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=1589"},"modified":"2024-07-16T10:35:19","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T09:35:19","slug":"rapid-method-of-determination-of-gross-beta-activity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2016\/02\/rapid-method-of-determination-of-gross-beta-activity\/","title":{"rendered":"Rapid method of determination of gross beta activity"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

Souhrn<\/h2>\n

V\u00a0souvislosti se zapojen\u00edm vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch radiologick\u00fdch laborato\u0159\u00ed do\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 radia\u010dn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti byl ve\u00a0V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9m \u00fastavu vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m TGM, v.\u2009v.\u2009i., (V\u00daV TGM) navr\u017een a\u00a0ov\u011b\u0159en postup rychl\u00e9ho stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta. Ve\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi radiologick\u00fdmi laborato\u0159emi Povod\u00ed, s.p., (d\u00e1le VHRL) byl postup otestov\u00e1n v\u00a0praxi. Poznatky z\u00a0ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se staly podkladem pro n\u00e1vrh normy, kter\u00fd byl projedn\u00e1n na\u00a0oborov\u00e9m st\u0159edisku pro normalizaci Sweco Hydroprojekt, a.s., a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b v\u00a0Subkomisi \u010d. 4 Radiologick\u00e9 metody, kter\u00e1 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Technick\u00e9 normaliza\u010dn\u00ed komise \u010d. 104. Po\u00a0zahrnut\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednek, v\u010detn\u011b \u00da\u0159adu pro technickou normalizaci, metrologii a\u00a0st\u00e1tn\u00ed zku\u0161ebnictv\u00ed, byla norma vyd\u00e1na v\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2014 jako \u010cSN 75\u00a07613 Kvalita vod \u2013 Rychl\u00e1 metoda stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta. P\u0159edm\u011btem p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je shrnut\u00ed poznatk\u016f z\u00a0ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed postupu stanoven\u00ed objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta rychlou metodou.<\/p>\n\"sedlarova-3\"<\/a>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

V\u00a0na\u0161ich i\u00a0zahrani\u010dn\u00edch laborato\u0159\u00edch se b\u011b\u017en\u011b prov\u00e1d\u00ed screeningov\u00e9 stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta v\u00a0povrchov\u00fdch, podzemn\u00edch a\u00a0pitn\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch. V\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti na\u00a0p\u0159ed\u00faprav\u011b vzorku, nap\u0159. filtrac\u00ed, je stanovov\u00e1na celkov\u00e1 objemov\u00e1 aktivita beta v\u00a0rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch (RL), nerozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch (NL) nebo ve\u0161ker\u00fdch l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch (RL\u2009+\u2009NL). V\u011bt\u0161inou se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tzv. odpa\u0159ovac\u00ed metoda, kdy je vzorek odpa\u0159en a\u00a0odparek su\u0161en nebo \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n. V\u00fdsledn\u00fd prepar\u00e1t se m\u011b\u0159\u00ed detek\u010dn\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm s\u00a0proporcion\u00e1ln\u00edm detektorem [1]. Z\u00a0toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee takto nelze stanovit radionuklidy t\u011bkav\u00e9 p\u0159i odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na izotopy j\u00f3du. D\u00e1le nejsou posti\u017eeny radionuklidy emituj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00edzkoenergetick\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed beta. Tato metoda je b\u011b\u017en\u011b ve\u00a0sv\u011bt\u011b normov\u00e1na, nap\u0159. mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi normami ISO [2, 3], a\u00a0d\u00e1le n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi normami nap\u0159. v\u00a0N\u011bmecku [4], na\u00a0Slovensku [5], ve\u00a0\u0160pan\u011blsku [6].<\/p>\n

V\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice se stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta za\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 radia\u010dn\u00ed situace prov\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00a0laborato\u0159\u00edch podle normy \u010cSN 75\u00a07612 [7]. Vzorek se p\u0159iprav\u00ed odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm zpravidla jednoho a\u017e dvou litr\u016f vzorku, aby bylo dosa\u017eeno spln\u011bn\u00ed po\u017eadavku v\u00fd\u0161e citovan\u00e9 \u010cSN na\u00a0plo\u0161nou hmotnost vy\u017e\u00edhan\u00e9ho odparku 10 mg.cm-2<\/sup>. Vzorek se m\u011b\u0159\u00ed detek\u010dn\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm s\u00a0proporcion\u00e1ln\u00edm detektorem. Jako standardn\u00ed l\u00e1tka se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed drasl\u00edk se zn\u00e1m\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm drasl\u00edku-40. P\u0159\u00edprava vzorku je \u010dasov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a\u00a0pro \u00fa\u010dely hodnocen\u00ed radia\u010dn\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti nevhodn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b radia\u010dn\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti je nutn\u00e9 zjistit m\u00edru kontaminace pitn\u00e9 vody co nejd\u0159\u00edve po\u00a0ud\u00e1losti. Pro \u00fa\u010dely havarijn\u00edho screeningu nen\u00ed t\u0159eba dosahovat tak n\u00edzk\u00fdch nejmen\u0161\u00edch detekovateln\u00fdch aktivit a\u00a0nejistot, jak je tomu u\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch vzork\u016f \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00a0pitn\u00e9 vod\u011b. Pro radia\u010dn\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 situace stanovuje vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka S\u00daJB [8] v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm rady EURATOM ve\u00a0zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f [9, 10] nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 kontaminace potravin, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed i\u00a0pitnou vodu. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se v\u00fdskyt \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch aktivit, a\u00a0proto je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt pro stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity men\u0161\u00ed objem vzorku.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0hlediska mo\u017en\u00e9 kontaminace povrchov\u00fdch vod v\u00a0d\u016fsledku t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 hav\u00e1rie jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u00fdskyt beta z\u00e1\u0159i\u010d\u016f uveden\u00fdch v\u00a0tabulce 1<\/em> [11]. Ke\u00a0kalibraci stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vedle drasl\u00edku-40 i\u00a0stroncium-90 v\u00a0rovnov\u00e1ze s\u00a0ytriem-90 a\u00a0cesium-137. Za\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 radia\u010dn\u00ed situace m\u00e1 kalibrace drasl\u00edkem-40 tu p\u0159ednost, \u017ee rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed pod\u00edl na\u00a0celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivit\u011b beta p\u0159edstavuje pr\u00e1v\u011b beta aktivita drasl\u00edku-40. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hav\u00e1rie by naopak p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek drasl\u00edku-40 k\u00a0celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivit\u011b beta byl zcela zanedbateln\u00fd a\u00a0znamenal by p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 0,1\u20130,2 Bq.l-1<\/sup> a\u00a0hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky by byly od\u00a0radionuklid\u016f uveden\u00fdch v\u00a0tabulce 1<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Stroncium-90 p\u0159i hav\u00e1rii naopak p\u0159edstavuje jednu z\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch slo\u017eek radioaktivn\u00ed kontaminace. Z\u00a0t\u011bchto d\u016fvod\u016f bylo pro p\u0159\u00edpad hodnocen\u00ed radia\u010dn\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1no u\u017eit\u00ed jako kalibra\u010dn\u00edho prepar\u00e1tu stroncium-90 v\u00a0rovnov\u00e1ze s\u00a0ytriem-90.<\/p>\n

Metodika<\/h2>\n

Pro vybran\u00e9 beta z\u00e1\u0159i\u010de (stroncium-90, cesium-137 a\u00a0j\u00f3d-131) byla stanovena \u00fa\u010dinnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u03b7, v\u00a0s-1<\/sup>.Bq-1<\/sup>, podle rovnice (1). V\u0161echny pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 etalony byly certifikov\u00e1ny a\u00a0dod\u00e1ny \u010cesk\u00fdm metrologick\u00fdm institutem (\u010cMI).<\/p>\n\"sedlarova-vzorec-1\"<\/a>\n

kde \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Ne<\/sub>\u00a0<\/em> je \u00a0po\u010det impuls\u016f za\u00a0dobu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzorku s\u00a0etalonem;<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Np<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0<\/sub>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 po\u010det impuls\u016f za\u00a0dobu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pozad\u00ed;<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0te<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 doba m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzorku s\u00a0etalonem, v\u00a0s;<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 tp<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0doba m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pozad\u00ed (pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 miska), v\u00a0s;<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Ae<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 aktivita etalonu (90<\/sup>Sr-90<\/sup>Y, 137<\/sup>Cs, 131<\/sup>I), v\u00a0Bq.<\/p>\n

Vzorek pro stanoven\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed byl p\u0159ipraven p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm pipetov\u00e1n\u00edm mal\u00e9ho objemu etalonu o\u00a0zn\u00e1m\u00e9 aktivit\u011b na\u00a0m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed misku. N\u00e1sledn\u011b byl vzorek odpa\u0159en do\u00a0sucha na\u00a0sklokeramick\u00e9 desce CERAN 500 p\u0159i teplot\u011b 100 \u00b0C. Odparek byl zm\u011b\u0159en detek\u010dn\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm EMS-3 alfa beta automat (fy Empos). Pou\u017eit\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed misky byly sklen\u011bn\u00e9 (fy EMPOS) o\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru 50\u2009mm a\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161ce 7\u2009mm. V\u00a0radiologick\u00fdch laborato\u0159\u00edch jsou b\u011b\u017en\u011b dostupn\u00e9 a\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se na\u00a0stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity alfa postupem m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed sm\u011bsi odparku vzorku vody se scintil\u00e1torem ZnS (Ag).<\/p>\n

Na\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b stanoven\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti pro stroncium-90 v\u00a0rovnov\u00e1ze s\u00a0ytriem-90 byl podle rovnice (2) vypo\u010dten minim\u00e1ln\u00ed objem vzorku V\u00a0v\u00a0litrech pro p\u0159\u00edpad hodnocen\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 radia\u010dn\u00ed \u00fad\u00e1losti, kdy nejmen\u0161\u00ed detekovateln\u00e1 objemov\u00e1 aktivita beta je men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 100 Bq.l-1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\"sedlarova-vzorec-2\"<\/a>\n

kde \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Np<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 je \u00a0 po\u010det impuls\u016f za\u00a0dobu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pozad\u00ed;<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 te<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0doba m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzorku s\u00a0etalonem, v\u00a0s;<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 tp<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0doba m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pozad\u00ed (pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 miska, v\u00a0s);<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0c\u2009\u03b2,ND<\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 aktivita etalonu (90<\/sup>Sr-90<\/sup>Y, 137<\/sup>Cs, 131<\/sup>I), v\u00a0Bq;<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u03b7<\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00fa\u010dinnost, v\u00a0s-1<\/sup>.Bq-1<\/sup>;<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0u<\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0kvantil norm\u00e1ln\u00edho rozd\u011blen\u00ed pro hladinu v\u00fdznamnosti 95 %, \u03b1\u00a0= \u03b2 = 1,645.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0r\u00e1mci spolupr\u00e1ce s\u00a0VHRL byla ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1na \u00fa\u010dinnost stanoven\u00ed p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed kalibra\u010dn\u00edho vzorku s\u00a0etalonem stroncia-90. D\u00e1le byl testov\u00e1n vliv p\u0159\u00eddavku inertn\u00ed l\u00e1tky pro homogenn\u00ed rozprost\u0159en\u00ed odparku vzorku vody na\u00a0m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed misce. Velk\u00e1 pozornost byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na stabilizaci j\u00f3du-131 v\u00a0odparku. Pro ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed stabilizace j\u00f3du-131 byl pou\u017eit p\u0159\u00eddavek uhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho a\u00a0thios\u00edranu sodn\u00e9ho v\u00a0pom\u011bru 2 : 1 p\u0159i odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed vzorku vody. Navr\u017een\u00fd p\u0159\u00eddavek sm\u011bsi chemik\u00e1li\u00ed byl p\u0159evzat z\u00a0\u010cSN ISO 9698 [12], kde je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n pro omezen\u00ed t\u011bk\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00f3du p\u0159i stanoven\u00ed tritia destilac\u00ed. Stabilizace j\u00f3du-131 v\u00a0odparku byla vyhodnocena na\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b porovn\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti vypo\u010dten\u00e9 podle\u00a0\u010cSN 75\u00a07612 [7], kdy nam\u00edsto aktivity drasl\u00edku-40 byla do\u00a0vzorce na\u00a0v\u00fdpo\u010det \u00fa\u010dinnosti dosazena aktivita j\u00f3du-131\u00a0a\u00a0z\u00a0opakovan\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ipraven\u00fdch vzork\u016f byla vypo\u010dtena experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159em\u011bnov\u00e1 konstanta.<\/p>\n\"sedlarova-1\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 1. Celkov\u00e1 objemov\u00e1 aktivita beta ve\u0161ker\u00fdch l\u00e1tek p\u0159i kalibraci Sr-90, celkov\u00e1 objemov\u00e1 aktivita beta ve\u0161ker\u00fdch l\u00e1tek p\u0159i kalibraci K-40, objemov\u00e1 aktivita K-40 a\u00a0celkov\u00e1 objemov\u00e1 aktivita beta ve\u0161ker\u00fdch l\u00e1tek p\u0159i kalibraci K-40 po\u00a0ode\u010dten\u00ed drasl\u00edk-40 pro z\u00e1jmov\u00e1 odb\u011brov\u00e1 m\u00edsta RMS v\u00a0roce 2013
\nFig. 1. The gross beta activity of total solids, calibrated using Sr-90, the gross beta activity of total solids, calibrated using K-40, beta activity of K-40 and the gross beta activity of total solids, calibrated using K-40 after subtraction of the potassium-40 activity at the sampling points of RMS in 2013<\/h6>\n

Laborato\u0159e VHRL pou\u017eily p\u0159i ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed detek\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: EMS-3 alfa beta automat (fy EMPOS), NA\u00a06201 alfa-beta POB 302 MC 2256 AK (fy EMPOS) a\u00a0FHT (fy Canberra Packard). Pou\u017eit\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed misky byly sklen\u011bn\u00e9 (fy EMPOS) o\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru 50\u2009mm a\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161ce 7\u2009mm. Pro m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed NA\u00a06201 alfa-beta POB 302 MC 2256 AK byly pou\u017eity sklen\u011bn\u00e9 misky o\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru 50 mm a\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161ce 5 mm.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0r\u00e1mci ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed postupu stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta rychlou metodou poskytly VHRL \u00fadaje o\u00a0dob\u011b, kter\u00e1 byla pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 k\u00a0p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b vzork\u016f, a\u00a0o\u00a0dosahovan\u00fdch nejmen\u0161\u00edch detekovateln\u00fdch objemov\u00fdch aktivit\u00e1ch beta. Na\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto \u00fadaj\u016f byla stanovena kapacita stanoven\u00ed vzork\u016f v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 laborato\u0159i.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0posledn\u00edm kroku ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed metody uspo\u0159\u00e1dala Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed laborato\u0159 technologi\u00ed a\u00a0slo\u017eek \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed V\u00daV TGM, v.\u2009v.\u2009i., odd\u011blen\u00ed radioekologie ve\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0VHRL zkou\u0161ky zp\u016fsobilosti MP-RA-14. Vyhodnocen\u00ed bylo provedeno podle \u010cSN ISO 5725-2 [13]. V\u00a0roce 2015 byl za\u0159azen vzorek na\u00a0stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity rychlou metodou beta ve\u00a0zkou\u0161k\u00e1ch zp\u016fsobilosti ZZ OR-RA-15 po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdch ASLAB St\u0159ediskem pro posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsobilosti laborato\u0159\u00ed V\u00daV TGM, v.\u2009v.\u2009i.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky a\u00a0diskuse<\/h2>\n

Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti stanoven\u00ed<\/h3>\n

S\u00a0ohledem na\u00a0p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fd v\u00fdskyt beta z\u00e1\u0159i\u010d\u016f v\u00a0d\u016fsledku hav\u00e1rie jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny byly stanoveny \u00fa\u010dinnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pro vybran\u00e9 radionuklidy tabulky 1<\/em>.
\nPro stroncium-90 byla nam\u011b\u0159ena \u00fa\u010dinnost stanoven\u00ed 0,28 s-1<\/sup>.Bq-1<\/sup>, pro j\u00f3d-131 byla \u00fa\u010dinnost 0,27 s-1<\/sup>.Bq-1<\/sup> a\u00a0pro cesium-137 byla \u00fa\u010dinnost 0,15 s-1<\/sup>.Bq-1<\/sup>. Pro rychlou metodu stanoven\u00ed objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta bylo pro kalibraci zvoleno stroncium-90 z\u00a0d\u016fvodu jeho polo\u010dasu p\u0159em\u011bny 28,6 let a\u00a0z\u00e1va\u017enosti z\u00a0hlediska radia\u010dn\u00ed kontaminace. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci spolupr\u00e1ce s\u00a0VHRL bylo stanoveno z\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016f porovn\u00e1vac\u00edch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed rozmez\u00ed hodnot \u00fa\u010dinnosti stanoven\u00ed (0,258\u20130,380) s-1<\/sup>.Bq-1<\/sup> p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed prepar\u00e1tu stroncia-90. Z\u00a0toho pro za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EMS-3 odpov\u00eddala \u00fa\u010dinnost pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch hodnot rozmez\u00ed (0,258\u20130,312) s-1<\/sup>.Bq-1<\/sup>, pro za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed MC 2256 AK (0,260\u20130,380) s-1<\/sup>.Bq-1<\/sup> a\u00a0pro za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed FHT 0,344 s-1<\/sup>.Bq-1<\/sup> [14]. Doba p\u0159\u00edpravy vzork\u016f byla podle poskytnut\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f 30\u201375 minut. Rozd\u00edl v\u00a0dob\u011b p\u0159\u00edpravy vzork\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch VHRL je zp\u016fsoben\u00a0technikou odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, zda byla pou\u017eita topn\u00e1 deska s\u00a0regulac\u00ed teploty, nebo vodn\u00ed l\u00e1ze\u0148, a\u00a0d\u00e1le v\u00a0subjektivn\u00edm vyhodnocen\u00ed o\u00a0dostate\u010dn\u00e9m vysu\u0161en\u00ed vzorku. Za\u00a0p\u0159edpokladu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzorku 2 x 500 s\u00a0lze konstatovat, \u017ee VHRL by byly schopn\u00e9 do\u00a02 hodin od\u00a0p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed vzorku do\u00a0laborato\u0159e podat informaci o\u00a0celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivit\u011b beta z\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u011b t\u0159\u00ed vzork\u016f. Celkov\u00e1 kapacita jedn\u00e9 laborato\u0159e by byla 24 vzork\u016f za\u00a0osmihodinovou pracovn\u00ed dobu p\u0159i kontrole pozad\u00ed po\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m osm\u00e9m vzorku. Pro zvolen\u00fd re\u017eim m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161echny laborato\u0159e VHRL dosahovaly po\u017eadovanou nejmen\u0161\u00ed detekovatelnou objemovou aktivitu beta m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 100 Bq\/l.<\/p>\n

Tabulka 1. Radionuklidy emituj\u00edc\u00ed beta \u010d\u00e1stice uva\u017eovan\u00e9 po\u00a0hav\u00e1rii jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny [11]
\nTable 1. Radionuclides considered to be emitted during a\u00a0nuclear power plant accident [11]<\/h5>\n\"sedlarova-tabulka-1\"<\/a>\n

Pro lep\u0161\u00ed homogenn\u00ed rozprost\u0159en\u00ed odparku vzorku vody na\u00a0m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed misce bylo zva\u017eov\u00e1no pou\u017eit\u00ed inertn\u00ed l\u00e1tky. Jako inertn\u00ed l\u00e1tka byl testov\u00e1n silikagel o\u00a0mol\u00e1rn\u00ed hmotnosti M = 60,06 g.mol-1<\/sup>, s\u00edran v\u00e1penat\u00fd a\u00a0chlorid sodn\u00fd. Nav\u00e1\u017eka inertn\u00ed l\u00e1tky na\u00a0m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed misku byla o\u00a0plo\u0161n\u00e9 hmotnosti 10 mg.cm-2<\/sup>, jak je d\u00e1no v\u00a0norm\u011b \u010cSN 75\u00a07612 [7]. Vyhodnocen\u00ed bylo provedeno op\u011bt na\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b stanoven\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti. Rozmez\u00ed hodnot \u00fa\u010dinnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed prepar\u00e1tu stroncia-90 a\u00a0nav\u00e1\u017eky inertn\u00ed l\u00e1tky silikagelu v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch laborato\u0159\u00edch bylo (0,277\u20130,385) Bq-1<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup>. Z\u00a0toho pro za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EMS-3 odpov\u00eddala \u00fa\u010dinnost pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch hodnot rozmez\u00ed (0,282\u20130,331) Bq-1<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup>, pro za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed MC 2256 AK (0,277\u20130,385) Bq-1<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup> a\u00a0pro za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed FHT 0,347 Bq-1<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup>. Rozd\u00edly \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed s\u00edranu v\u00e1penat\u00e9ho a\u00a0chloridu sodn\u00e9ho ve\u00a0srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00fdm silikagelem byly do\u00a05\u2009%. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00ed inertn\u00ed l\u00e1tky nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta rychlou metodou. Naopak manipulace s\u00a0m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed miskou p\u0159i m\u00edsen\u00ed vzorku a\u00a0inertn\u00ed l\u00e1tky pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed stejnom\u011brn\u00e9 vrstvy je dosti komplikovan\u00e1. Z\u00a0toho d\u016fvodu se pro rychlou metodu stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta od\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00ed inertn\u00ed l\u00e1tky upustilo.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky stanoven\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed prepar\u00e1tu stroncia a\u00a0inertn\u00ed l\u00e1tky (silikagelu) poslou\u017eily ke\u00a0srovn\u00e1n\u00ed celkov\u00fdch objemov\u00fdch aktivit v\u00a0r\u00e1mci radia\u010dn\u00ed monitorovac\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b RMS [15]. Byly tak zji\u0161t\u011bny poza\u010fov\u00e9 hodnoty celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta p\u0159i kalibraci stronciem-90. Na\u00a0deseti profilech povrchov\u00fdch vod ur\u010den\u00fdch pro \u00fapravu na\u00a0pitnou vodu sledovan\u00fdch v\u00a0r\u00e1mci RMS v\u00a0roce 2013 byly srovn\u00e1ny ro\u010dn\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta p\u0159i kalibraci drasl\u00edkem a\u00a0p\u0159i kalibraci stronciem-90. Z\u00a0grafu (obr. 1<\/em>) vyplynulo, \u017ee nomin\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty takto stanoven\u00e9 celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta jsou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159i kalibraci drasl\u00edkem-40. Pom\u011br \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed stanoven\u00ed p\u0159i kalibraci drasl\u00edkem-40 a\u00a0p\u0159i kalibraci stronciem- 90, \u03b7K40<\/sub><\/em>\u2009\/<\/em>\u2009\u03b7Sr90<\/sub>,<\/em> byl v\u00a0rozmez\u00ed 1,1\u20131,4 pro vzorky RMS stanoven\u00e9 v\u00a0laborato\u0159\u00edch VHRL.<\/p>\n

Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta p\u0159i kalibraci drasl\u00edkem-40 a\u00a0p\u0159i kalibraci stronciem-90 ukazuje, \u017ee budou m\u011b\u0159eny hodnoty v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159i jadern\u00e9 nehod\u011b by v\u0161ak zanikl p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek drasl\u00edku-40, proto\u017ee jeho pozad\u00ed p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch koncentrac\u00edch drasl\u00edku v\u00a0povrchov\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch 5 mg.l-1<\/sup> by zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed 5\u2009ml vzorku p\u0159i rychl\u00e9m stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta znamenalo mno\u017estv\u00ed drasl\u00edku na\u00a0m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed misce 0,025\u2009mg, a\u00a0tedy zanedbatelnou aktivitu m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 1 mBq.<\/p>\n\"sedlarova-2\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 2. \u00da\u010dinnost stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta vzta\u017een\u00e9 na\u00a0j\u00f3d-131 pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 nav\u00e1\u017eky uhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho a\u00a0thios\u00edranu sodn\u00e9ho v\u00a0pom\u011bru 2 : 1 na\u00a0m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed misce
\nFig. 2. Efficiency of the determination of the gross beta activity related to iodine 131 for different fills of sodium carbonate and sodium thiosulfate in the ratio of 2 : 1 in the planchette<\/h6>\n

Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed stabilizace j\u00f3du-131<\/h3>\n

Pro ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed stabilizace j\u00f3du-131 byl pou\u017eit p\u0159\u00eddavek sm\u011bsi uhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho a\u00a0thios\u00edranu sodn\u00e9ho v\u00a0pom\u011bru 2 : 1. Na\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b testu sady vzork\u016f o\u00a0nav\u00e1\u017ece sm\u011bsi uhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho a\u00a0thios\u00edranu sodn\u00e9ho (3,75\u2013200) mg se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee ji\u017e mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159\u00eddavku sm\u011bsi zajist\u00ed, \u017ee nedojde b\u011bhem p\u0159\u00edpravy vzorku odpa\u0159en\u00edm p\u0159i 100 \u00b0C k\u00a0uvoln\u011bn\u00ed j\u00f3du z\u00a0odparku (obr. 2<\/em>) [16]. Ve\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0laborato\u0159emi VHRL a\u00a0V\u00daV bylo provedeno porovn\u00e1n\u00ed stabilizace j\u00f3du-131. Hodnoty \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed pro j\u00f3d-131 byly v\u00a0intervalu (0,260\u20130,375) Bq-1<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup>. Laborato\u0159e VHRL a\u00a0V\u00daV dosahovaly dobr\u00e9 shody hodnot \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed pro j\u00f3d-131 p\u0159i opakovan\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00edch v\u00a0intervalech po\u00a0cca 4, 7, 10 a\u00a014 dnech od\u00a0prvn\u00edho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Experiment\u00e1ln\u011b vypo\u010dten\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011bnov\u00e9 konstanty j\u00f3d-131 byly v\u00a0rozmez\u00ed (0,081\u20130,088) dne-1<\/sup>, tj. odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed polo\u010dasy p\u0159em\u011bny byly v\u00a0rozmez\u00ed (7,88\u20138,61) dne. Teoretick\u00e1 p\u0159em\u011bnov\u00e1 konstanta pro j\u00f3d-131 je 0,086 den-1<\/sup>, tj. odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed polo\u010das p\u0159em\u011bny je 8,04 dne. Na\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b dobr\u00e9 shody experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0teoretick\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011bnov\u00e9 konstaty j\u00f3du-131 byla prok\u00e1z\u00e1na dobr\u00e1 stabilizace j\u00f3d-131 thios\u00edranem sodn\u00fdm a\u00a0uhli\u010ditanem sodn\u00fdm p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b vzorku odpa\u0159en\u00edm p\u0159i teplot\u011b 100 \u00b0C. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed postupu pro stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta rychlou metodou je proto p\u0159\u00eddavek 0,05\u2009ml sm\u011bsi uhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho a\u00a0thios\u00edranu sodn\u00e9ho o\u00a0koncentraci 150 g.l-1<\/sup> uhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho a\u00a075 g.l-1<\/sup> thios\u00edranu sodn\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

Tabulka 2. V\u00fdsledky statistick\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed ZZ MPZ-RA-14 a\u00a0ZZ OR-RA-15
\nTable 2. Results of statistical assessment of ZZ MPZ-RA-14 and RA-ZZ OR-15<\/h5>\n\"sedlarova-tabulka-2\"<\/a>\n

Zkou\u0161ky zp\u016fsobilosti pro ukazatel celkov\u00e1 objemov\u00e1 aktivita beta rychlou metodou<\/h3>\n

Pro ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed navr\u017een\u00e9ho postupu stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta rychlou metodou pro hodnocen\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 radia\u010dn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti uspo\u0159\u00e1dala radiologick\u00e1 laborato\u0159 p\u0159i V\u00daV TGM, v.\u2009v.\u2009i., ve\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0VHRL v\u00a0roce 2014 zkou\u0161ku zp\u016fsobilosti MPZ-RA-14 [17]. Celkem se z\u00fa\u010dastnilo sedm laborato\u0159\u00ed. V\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm roce 2015 byl za\u0159azen vzorek pro stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta rychlou metodou v\u00a0ZZ OR-RA-15 po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdch ASLAB St\u0159ediskem pro posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsobilosti laborato\u0159\u00ed V\u00daV TGM, v.\u2009v.\u2009i. Celkem se z\u00fa\u010dastnilo 21 laborato\u0159\u00ed s\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdm zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm (obr. 3<\/em>). Hodnocen\u00ed stanoven\u00ed ukazatele celkov\u00e1 objemov\u00e1 aktivita beta rychlou metodou bylo provedeno podle CSN ISO 5725-2 [13]. V\u00fdsledky jsou uvedeny v\u00a0tabulce 2<\/em>. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci ZZ OR-RA-15 poskytly laborato\u0159e informace o\u00a0dob\u011b p\u0159\u00edpravy vzorku. Na\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto \u00fadaj\u016f bylo potvrzeno, \u017ee kapacita jedn\u00e9 laborato\u0159e za\u00a0osmihodinovou pracovn\u00ed dobu je asi 24 vzork\u016f.<\/p>\n

Navr\u017een\u00fd postup stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta rychlou metodou<\/h3>\n

Navr\u017een\u00fd postup stanoven\u00ed a\u00a0proveden\u00e1 ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se staly podkladem pro normu \u010cSN 75\u00a07613 Kvalita vod \u2013 Rychl\u00e9 stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta [18]. Metoda je zalo\u017eena na\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed odparku mal\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed vzorku n\u00edzkopoza\u010fov\u00fdm detek\u010dn\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm. Mal\u00fd objem vzorku s\u00a0p\u0159\u00eddavkem sm\u011bsi tios\u00edranu sodn\u00e9ho a\u00a0uhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho je pipetov\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edmo na\u00a0m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed misku. N\u00e1sledn\u011b je vzorek odpa\u0159en do\u00a0sucha p\u0159i teplot\u011b 100 \u00b0C a\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en. Pro kalibraci je pou\u017eit etalonov\u00fd roztok stroncia-90 v\u00a0radioaktivn\u00ed rovnov\u00e1ze s\u00a0ytriem-90. Pro stanoven\u00ed pozad\u00ed je m\u011b\u0159ena pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed miska. S\u00a0ohledem na\u00a0spln\u011bn\u00ed po\u017eadavku pro nejmen\u0161\u00ed detekovatelnou objemovou aktivitu beta m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 100 Bq.l-1<\/sup> byl zvolen objem zpracov\u00e1van\u00e9ho vzorku 3\u2009ml. Doba m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzorku, kalibra\u010dn\u00edho vzorku a\u00a0pozad\u00ed byla d\u00e1na 2 x 500 s. Celkov\u00e1 objemov\u00e1 aktivita beta je vypo\u010dtena podle rovnice (3):<\/p>\n\"sedlarova-vzorec-3\"<\/a>\n

kde\u00a0 Nv<\/sub><\/em> \u00a0je \u00a0 po\u010det impuls\u016f za\u00a0dobu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzorku;<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 tv<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0doba m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzorku, v\u00a0s;<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Np<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 po\u010det impuls\u016f za\u00a0dobu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pozad\u00ed;<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0tp<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 doba m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pozad\u00ed, v\u00a0s;<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0V \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/em>objem vzorku zpracovan\u00e9ho na\u00a0prepar\u00e1t po\u00a0ode\u010dten\u00ed objemu\u00a0\u010dinidel p\u0159idan\u00fdch pro konzervaci, v\u00a0l;<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u03b7<\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00fa\u010dinnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, v\u00a0Bq-1<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup>, podle rovnice (4):<\/p>\n\"sedlarova-vzorec-4\"<\/a>\n

kde\u00a0\u00a0 Nk<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0je \u00a0 \u00a0po\u010det impuls\u016f za\u00a0dobu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzorku pro kalibraci;<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 tk<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 doba m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzorku pro kalibraci, v\u00a0s;<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ak<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0<\/sub>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0aktivita 90<\/sup>Sr ve\u00a0vzorku pro kalibraci, v\u00a0Bq.<\/p>\n\"sedlarova-3\"<\/a>\n

Obr. 3. Rozlo\u017een\u00ed z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch laborato\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0ZZ OR-RA-15 v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice a\u00a0Slovensk\u00e9 republice
\nFig. 3. Distribution of the participating laboratories in ZZ OR-RA-15 in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic<\/h6>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

S\u00a0ohledem na\u00a0vybaven\u00ed VHRL byl postup pro hodnocen\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 radia\u010dn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti navr\u017een tak, aby m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzorku bylo prov\u00e1d\u011bno na\u00a0m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s\u00a0proporcion\u00e1ln\u00edm detektorem. Navr\u017een\u00fd postup p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed 3\u2009ml vzorku v\u00a0re\u017eimu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzorku, kalibra\u010dn\u00edho vzorku a\u00a0pozad\u00ed 2 x 500 s\u00a0spl\u0148uje podm\u00ednku, \u017ee nejmen\u0161\u00ed detekovateln\u00e1 celkov\u00e1 objemov\u00e1 aktivita beta je men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 100 Bq.l-1<\/sup>. V\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti na\u00a0p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b vzork\u016f p\u0159ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm a\u00a0dob\u011b m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed by prvn\u00ed t\u0159i v\u00fdsledky od\u00a0p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed vzorku do\u00a0laborato\u0159e byly zn\u00e1my do\u00a02 hodin. Kapacita jedn\u00e9 laborato\u0159e by byla 24 vzork\u016f b\u011bhem osmihodinov\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed doby s\u00a0kontrolou m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pozad\u00ed po\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m cca osm\u00e9m vzorku.<\/p>\n

Norma \u010cSN 75\u00a07613 byla vypracov\u00e1na pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed jednotn\u00e9ho postupu p\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 radia\u010dn\u00ed situace. Nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se rutinn\u00ed zaveden\u00ed tohoto postupu do\u00a0syst\u00e9mu kvality jednotliv\u00fdch radiologick\u00fdch laborato\u0159\u00ed. Z\u00a0d\u016fvodu p\u0159ipravenosti laborato\u0159\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt jednotn\u00fd postup podle \u010cSN 75\u00a07613 a\u00a0zapojit se do\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 radia\u010dn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti je pl\u00e1nov\u00e1no za\u0159azen\u00ed vzorku na\u00a0stanoven\u00ed ukazatele cel\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 aktivity beta rychlou metodou do\u00a0zkou\u0161ek zp\u016fsobilosti ZZ OR-RA po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdch ASLAB V\u00daV TGM, v.\u2009v.\u2009i., s\u00a0\u010detnost\u00ed 1x za\u00a0dva a\u017e t\u0159i roky.<\/p>\n

Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n

P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek byl zpracov\u00e1n s\u00a0podporou bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu MV-24236-42\/P-2010.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In connection to the assessment of a radiological event, the procedure of rapid determination of the gross beta activity in water was proposed and validated. In cooperation with the radiological laboratories, the method has been tested in practice.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":1490,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[312,310,309,311],"coauthors":[237,238,239],"class_list":["post-1589","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydrochemistry-radioecology-microbiology","tag-calibration-of-strontium-90","tag-determination-of-the-gross-beta-activity","tag-rapid-method","tag-water-samples"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1589","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1589"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1589\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30307,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1589\/revisions\/30307"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1490"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1589"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1589"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1589"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}