{"id":1579,"date":"2016-02-09T07:21:14","date_gmt":"2016-02-09T07:21:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/?p=1579"},"modified":"2024-07-16T10:44:33","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T09:44:33","slug":"the-national-spatial-data-infrastructure-and-the-reflection-on-the-expected-role-of-cartography-and-gis-products-provided-by-the-t-%e2%80%89g-%e2%80%89masaryk-water-research-institute-p-%e2%80%89r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vtei.cz\/en\/2016\/02\/the-national-spatial-data-infrastructure-and-the-reflection-on-the-expected-role-of-cartography-and-gis-products-provided-by-the-t-%e2%80%89g-%e2%80%89masaryk-water-research-institute-p-%e2%80%89r\/","title":{"rendered":"The National Spatial Data Infrastructure and the Reflection on the expected Role of Cartography and GIS Products provided by the T.\u2009G.\u2009Masaryk Water Research Institute, p.r.i."},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/i> This article is available in Czech only. For translation or more information on this topic, please contact author.<\/h4>\n

Souhrn<\/h2>\n

\u00da\u010delem tohoto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je uk\u00e1zat na\u00a0p\u0159\u00edkladu \u00fasekov\u00e9ho modelu s\u00edt\u011b vodn\u00edch tok\u016f \u00falohu, kterou tento datov\u00fd produkt m\u016f\u017ee zast\u00e1vat v\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00ed infrastruktu\u0159e prostorov\u00fdch dat. Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd zdroj prostorov\u00fdch dat jednak pro v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu vodohospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho T. G. Masaryka, v.\u2009v.\u2009i., (V\u00daV TGM,\u00a0v.\u2009v.\u2009i.) a\u00a0jednak, a\u00a0to z\u00e1sadn\u011b, pro podporu v\u00fdkonu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy. D\u00edky nadresortn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci m\u016f\u017ee \u00fasekov\u00fd model vodn\u00edch tok\u016f slou\u017eit jako p\u0159\u00edklad osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 praxe v\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00ed infrastruktu\u0159e prostorov\u00fdch dat. V\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku je zm\u00edn\u011bno o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed technick\u00fdch norem geografick\u00e9 informace pro podporu poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb ze strany V\u00daV TGM,\u00a0v.\u2009v.\u2009i., zejm\u00e9na pak rozsah zodpov\u011bdnosti expert\u016f odd\u011blen\u00ed GIS a\u00a0kartografie p\u0159i stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 m\u00edry kvality \u00dasekov\u00e9ho modelu vodn\u00edch tok\u016f jako metadatov\u00e9 informace o\u00a0tomto datov\u00e9m produktu pro jeho vyu\u017eit\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edmi u\u017eivateli.<\/p>\n\"sovjakova-1\"<\/a>\n

Aby v\u0161ak bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 formalizovat pohled na\u00a0po\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0spr\u00e1vu prostorov\u00fdch dat ve\u00a0V\u00daV TGM,\u00a0v.\u2009v.\u2009i., \u0159ada odborn\u00fdch term\u00edn\u016f vy\u017eaduje v\u011bnovat pozornost mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed technick\u00e9 normalizaci se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na\u00a0geografickou informaci obecn\u011b a\u00a0postup\u016fm adaptace mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch norem jako norem evropsk\u00fdch a\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00edch. Proto je p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1na re\u0161er\u0161e Technick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy Evropsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru pro normalizaci (CEN\/TR 15449) o\u00a0infrastruktur\u00e1ch prostorov\u00fdch dat, t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u011bti aspekt\u016f dosa\u017een\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b v\u00fdvoje infrastruktury prostorov\u00fdch dat (SDI) do\u00a0roku 2015. Tento evropsk\u00fd horizont rozsahu zpr\u00e1vy umo\u017e\u0148uje posoudit stav a\u00a0v\u00fdzvy Ak\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu Strategie rozvoje infrastruktury prostorov\u00fdch informac\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice do\u00a0roku 2020, formulovan\u00e9 a\u00a0\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 odborem eGovernmentu Ministerstva vnitra \u010cR (MV). V\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku se jednotn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed odkazy na\u00a0zdrojov\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed normy ISO. Tyto normy nejsou vyjmenov\u00e1ny v\u00a0literatu\u0159e, detaily jejich vyd\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0statut ISO norem vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm jako normy evropsk\u00e9 nebo jejich zaveden\u00ed do\u00a0soustavy \u010cSN lze zjistit na\u00a0webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch [1\u20133]. Citace norem v\u00a0tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku jsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny se souhlasem \u00da\u0159adu pro technickou normalizaci, metrologii a\u00a0st\u00e1tn\u00ed zku\u0161ebnictv\u00ed (\u00daNMZ).<\/p>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

Tato \u00favodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 terminologi\u00ed a\u00a0kontextem technick\u00e9 normalizace zabezpe\u010dovan\u00e9 pov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdmi n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi, evropsk\u00fdmi a\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi standardiza\u010dn\u00edmi organizacemi na\u00a0stran\u011b jedn\u00e9 a\u00a0\u00falohou soukrom\u00fdch standard\u016f zabezpe\u010dovan\u00fdch z\u00e1jmov\u00fdmi sdru\u017een\u00edmi v\u00a0soukrom\u00e9 sf\u00e9\u0159e (f\u00f3ra, konsorcia, v\u00fdbory), expertn\u00edmi skupinami nebo specifick\u00fdmi projekty na\u00a0stran\u011b druh\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00dasp\u011bch v\u00a0podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako ob\u010dan\u016fm otev\u0159en\u00e1 ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 spr\u00e1va, jsou zalo\u017eeny na\u00a0kvalitn\u00ed informaci. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch informac\u00ed v\u00a0agend\u00e1ch ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy bu\u010f ji\u017e nese prostorovou komponentu, nebo je prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vhodn\u00e9ho atributu s\u00a0prostorovou komponentou propojiteln\u00e1. D\u00edky evropsk\u00fdm aktivit\u00e1m [4\u20137] je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd z\u00e1jem v\u011bnov\u00e1n kvalit\u011b prostorov\u00e9 informace, jej\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b mezi producenty a\u00a0u\u017eivateli, jako\u017e i\u00a0mo\u017enosti jej\u00edho n\u00e1sobn\u00e9ho u\u017eit\u00ed v\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch. V\u0161echny str\u00e1nky po\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed, k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed informace a\u00a0jej\u00edho p\u0159enosu pro pot\u0159ebu dal\u0161\u00edch pod\u00edln\u00edk\u016f, stejn\u011b jako aspekty slu\u017eeb nad prostorov\u00fdmi daty, jsou ji\u017e des\u00edtky let p\u0159edm\u011btem standardizace a\u00a0technick\u00e9 normalizace.<\/p>\n

Standardizace je n\u00e1strojem k\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed v\u0161eobecn\u011b p\u0159ijat\u00e9ho souhlasu p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed metod, technick\u00fdch specifikac\u00ed, postup\u016f a\u00a0jednotn\u011b srozumiteln\u00fdch odborn\u00fdch term\u00edn\u016f. Standardy jsou vyv\u00edjeny skupinami zainteresovan\u00fdch subjekt\u016f a\u00a0dobrovoln\u011b respektov\u00e1ny ostatn\u00edmi zainteresovan\u00fdmi subjekty na\u00a0trhu informa\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb. C\u00edlem standardizace obecn\u011b je odstra\u0148ovat p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky obchodu a\u00a0odborn\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce. Zp\u016fsob, jak dos\u00e1hnout v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho souhlasu podle Dohody o\u00a0odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed technick\u00fdch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek obchodu (WTO\/TBT) [8, 9], je zakotven v\u00a0legislativ\u011b a\u00a0v\u00a0pravidlech dodr\u017eovan\u00fdch a\u00a0vyv\u00edjen\u00fdch mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b, evropsky nebo n\u00e1rodn\u011b ur\u010den\u00fdmi standardiza\u010dn\u00edmi organizacemi, kter\u00e9 takto specifickou standardizaci zabezpe\u010duj\u00ed. Pokud je standard vyd\u00e1n ur\u010den\u00fdmi standardiza\u010dn\u00edmi organizacemi, jako je nap\u0159.\u00a0Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizace pro normalizaci (ISO) [1], Evropsk\u00fd v\u00fdbor pro normalizaci (CEN) [2] anebo standardiza\u010dn\u00ed organizace ur\u010den\u00e1 na\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni, je v\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 terminologii ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako technick\u00e1 norma. Technick\u00e1 norma poskytuje ve\u00a0sv\u00e9m stanoven\u00e9m rozsahu odbornou terminologii, pravidla, pokyny a\u00a0odvozen\u00e9 postupy (v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edch), a\u00a0to pro jednotn\u00e9 a\u00a0n\u00e1sobn\u00e9 u\u017eit\u00ed; d\u00e1le poskytuje sestavy zkou\u0161ek pro posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed shody a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b produk\u010dn\u00ed postupy. V\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice je takovou ur\u010denou a\u00a0ze z\u00e1kona pov\u011b\u0159enou standardiza\u010dn\u00ed organizac\u00ed \u00daNMZ [3]. \u00daNMZ je partnerskou organizac\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch standardiza\u010dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed (nap\u0159.\u00a0CEN, CENELEC a\u00a0ETSI) a\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch standardiza\u010dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed (nap\u0159.\u00a0ISO, IEC). Pod\u00edl\u00ed se na\u00a0cel\u00e9m spektru \u010dinnost\u00ed t\u011bchto ur\u010den\u00fdch standardiza\u010dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed na\u00a0evropsk\u00e9 a\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b statutu partnersk\u00e9 organizace existuje tak\u00e9 statut spolupracuj\u00edc\u00ed organizace [10]. Spolupracuj\u00edc\u00ed organizace maj\u00ed obvykle formu konsorcia nebo f\u00f3ra \u010di v\u00fdboru anebo se m\u016f\u017ee jednat o\u00a0projekt financovan\u00fd ze soukrom\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, pop\u0159.\u00a0z\u00a0evropsk\u00fdch fond\u016f. Tyto spolupracuj\u00edc\u00ed organizace se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na\u00a0pr\u00e1ce jen na\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch vybran\u00fdch dokumentech nebo jen na\u00a0pr\u00e1ce spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0ur\u010ditou technickou normaliza\u010dn\u00ed komis\u00ed ISO nebo CEN. V\u011bt\u0161inou zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed odborn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky, doporu\u010den\u00ed nebo vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1vrhy standard\u016f a\u00a0rovn\u011b\u017e v\u00a0celkov\u00e9 organizaci standardiza\u010dn\u00edch prac\u00ed na\u00a0\u00farovni ISO zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed souhlas v\u0161ech sv\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f se zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm technick\u00e9 normy a\u00a0s\u00a0v\u00fdsledky konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho projektu technick\u00e9 normalizace. Tyto partnersk\u00e9 organizace mohou vyd\u00e1vat tematick\u00e9 \u0159ady soukrom\u00fdch standard\u016f nebo technick\u00fdch doporu\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0d\u016fvodu mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho rozsahu obor\u016f, pro n\u011b\u017e je technick\u00e1 normalizace pro podporu obchodu nepostradateln\u00e1, byla na\u00a0\u00farovni ISO zavedena jejich klasifikace, v\u00a0nich\u017e technick\u00e1 normalizace prob\u00edh\u00e1, a\u00a0jednotliv\u00e9 obory pak p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161ej\u00ed do\u00a0spr\u00e1vy technick\u00fdch normaliza\u010dn\u00edch komis\u00ed ISO. Na\u00a0\u00farovni evropsk\u00e9ho regionu mohou p\u016fsobit zrcadlov\u00e9 technick\u00e9 normaliza\u010dn\u00ed komise CEN, podobn\u011b na\u00a0\u00farovni st\u00e1t\u016f mohou b\u00fdt podle pot\u0159eby zakl\u00e1d\u00e1ny zrcadlov\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed technick\u00e9 normaliza\u010dn\u00ed komise, jejich\u017e pr\u00e1ce je v\u00e1z\u00e1na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi dohodami a\u00a0harmonizovanou legislativou. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed normy v\u00a0oboru Geografick\u00e1 informace\/Geomatika jsou vyd\u00e1v\u00e1ny v\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch \u0159ady ISO\u00a019100 a\u00a0jsou ve\u00a0spr\u00e1v\u011b technick\u00e9 komise ISO\/TC 211. Ka\u017ed\u00fd obor a\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e1 technick\u00e1 komise ISO maj\u00ed na\u00a0sv\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch dolo\u017eenou spolupr\u00e1ci se spolupracuj\u00edc\u00edmi soukrom\u00fdmi z\u00e1jmov\u00fdmi skupinami.<\/p>\n

Tabulka 1. P\u0159\u00edklady dokumentovan\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce v\u00a0technick\u00e9 normalizaci geografick\u00e9 informace a\u00a0ve\u00a0standardizaci a\u00a0projektech IKT a\u00a0v\u00fdm\u011bny dat, podle [1]
\nTable 1. The ISO TC\u2019s\u00a0 Liason Bodies in ICT Interoperability Examples<\/h5>\n\"sovjakova-tabulka-1\"<\/a>\n

V\u00fdznam mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch a\u00a0evropsk\u00fdch norem uk\u00e1zala zejm\u00e9na pot\u0159eba harmonizovat p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed specifikovan\u00fdch soubor\u016f prostorov\u00fdch dat ze st\u00e1t\u016f v\u00a0\u00fazemn\u00edm rozsahu Evropy do\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b zalo\u017een\u00e9ho Evropskou komis\u00ed podle po\u017eadavk\u016f n\u011bkter\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch sm\u011brnic (nap\u0159.\u00a0WISE pro R\u00e1mcovou vodn\u00ed sm\u011brnici [11]). Evropsk\u00e1 komise (EK) mohla sv\u00e9 pokyny op\u0159\u00edt o\u00a0skute\u010dnost, \u017ee st\u00e1ty (v\u010detn\u011b ne\u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f Evropsk\u00e9 unie) respektuj\u00ed evropskou legislativu t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se technick\u00e9 normalizace. V\u0161echny \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty CEN pak pln\u00ed z\u00e1vazek zaveden\u00ed vydan\u00e9 harmonizovan\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 normy do\u00a0souboru n\u00e1rodn\u00edch norem, a\u00a0to do\u00a0\u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f od\u00a0jej\u00edho vyd\u00e1n\u00ed jako evropsk\u00e9 normy.<\/p>\n

Technick\u00e9 normy geografick\u00e9 informace vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pojmy definovan\u00e9 v\u00a0referen\u010dn\u00edm modelu Geografick\u00e1 informace. Geografick\u00e1 informace se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 abstrakcemi re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho sv\u011bta se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm z\u0159etelem k\u00a0jejich poloze v\u016f\u010di zemsk\u00e9mu povrchu. Normy jsou nositelem modelov\u00e9 architektury. V\u00a0technick\u00fdch norm\u00e1ch \u010cSN [12], zaveden\u00fdch p\u0159ekladem mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch a\u00a0evropsk\u00fdch harmonizovan\u00fdch norem, se jako \u010desk\u00fd ekvivalent modelov\u00e9ho za\u0159azen\u00ed t\u011bchto abstrakc\u00ed (feature) u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 slovo vzhled, a\u00a0to zejm\u00e9na pro jeho specifick\u00fd charakter \u201enositele vlastnost\u00ed\u201c. Tento koncept je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n pro modely vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prostorov\u00e9 informace ve\u00a0smyslu ISO\u00a019115, kdy jsou nap\u0159.\u00a0vzhledy povrchov\u00fdch vod t\u0159\u00edd\u011bny podle geometrick\u00fdch charakteristik na\u00a0typy vzhled\u016f (vodn\u00ed tok, \u00faseky vodn\u00edch tok\u016f, jezera) a\u00a0podle dal\u0161\u00edch specifick\u00fdch charakteristik instanc\u00ed t\u011bchto typ\u016f vzhled\u016f na\u00a0jednotliv\u00e9 prostorov\u00e9 datov\u00e9 objekty. Na\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni abstrakce vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed vzhledy meta-meta \u00farove\u0148 popisu geografick\u00e9 informace, jejich spole\u010dn\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed a\u00a0operac\u00ed nad nimi. Na\u00a0\u00farovni instanc\u00ed typ\u016f vzhled\u016f je ji\u017e mo\u017en\u00e9 pracovat s\u00a0term\u00edny zaveden\u00fdmi v\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed aplika\u010dn\u00ed dom\u00e9n\u011b. Instance a\u00a0po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 realizace vzhled\u016f pak vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed bohat\u00e9 zdroje prostorov\u00fdch dat spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0co nej\u00fapln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi metadaty.<\/p>\n

Infrastruktura prostorov\u00fdch dat (SDI) je obecn\u00fd term\u00edn pro po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro manipulaci s\u00a0daty, kter\u00e1 nesou referen\u010dn\u00ed \u00fadaje polohy nebo m\u00edsta na\u00a0zemsk\u00e9m povrchu anebo v\u00a0jeho bl\u00edzkosti (nap\u0159.\u00a0pod povrchem). V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 je, \u017ee SDI za\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt definov\u00e1na a\u00a0posuzov\u00e1na r\u016fzn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem\u00a0\u2013 od\u00a0lok\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u017e po\u00a0glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farove\u0148. Pro \u00fa\u010dely jednotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd st\u00e1t vytvo\u0159\u00ed svou strategii zaveden\u00ed a\u00a0implementace infrastruktury prostorov\u00fdch dat p\u0159i respektov\u00e1n\u00ed technick\u00fdch specifikac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e byly p\u0159ijaty jako mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed normy, pop\u0159.\u00a0jako evropsk\u00e9 normy. To je tak\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1no na\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni od\u00a0konceptu n\u00e1rodn\u00ed infrastruktury prostorov\u00fdch informac\u00ed (NIPI).<\/p>\n

Pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 aspekty SDI nebo \u010d\u00e1sti modelu prostorov\u00e9 informace, pro kter\u00e9 technick\u00e9 normy dosud nepro\u0161ly form\u00e1ln\u00edm odsouhlasen\u00edm, je mo\u017en\u00e9 ve\u00a0v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch dokumentech SDI, pop\u0159.\u00a0NIPI vyu\u017e\u00edt i\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00ed normy nebo dokonce soukrom\u00e9 standardy, nap\u0159.\u00a0standardy vyvinut\u00e9 skupinou Open GIS Consortium (OGC). V\u00a0takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je ov\u0161em nutn\u00e9 vz\u00edt v\u00a0\u00favahu riziko, \u017ee ur\u010den\u00e1 standardiza\u010dn\u00ed organizace (nap\u0159.\u00a0ISO) nem\u00e1 za\u00a0povinnost avizovat zm\u011bny, dopln\u011bn\u00ed nebo opravy takov\u00fdch soukrom\u00fdch standard\u016f pro v\u0161echny partnersk\u00e9 organizace v\u00a0r\u00e1mci oboru technick\u00e9 komise, s\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e spolupracuj\u00ed. Tuto povinnost v\u016f\u010di odb\u011bratel\u016fm z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy nemaj\u00ed ani spolupracuj\u00edc\u00ed standardiza\u010dn\u00ed organizace, jejich\u017e standard byl vyu\u017eit.<\/p>\n

Interoperabilita je definov\u00e1na jako schopnost komunikovat, prov\u00e1d\u011bt programy nebo p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et data mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi funk\u010dn\u00edmi jednotkami tak, \u017ee u\u017eivatel vysta\u010d\u00ed jen s\u00a0malou znalost\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fdch charakteristik t\u011bchto funk\u010dn\u00edch jednotek nebo je v\u016fbec nepot\u0159ebuje zn\u00e1t. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161nost interoperability je zalo\u017eena na\u00a0kvalit\u011b dat, metadat a\u00a0slu\u017eeb. Kvalita a\u00a0zkou\u0161en\u00ed shody mezi po\u0159izovatelem, deklarovan\u00fdm stupn\u011bm kvality a\u00a0po\u017eadavky spot\u0159ebitele je ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm aspektem \u00fasp\u011bchu zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00fdch dat a\u00a0metadat a\u00a0tak\u00e9 otev\u0159en\u00fdch slu\u017eeb.<\/p>\n

Re\u0161er\u0161e technick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy CEN 15449 o infrastruktur\u00e1ch prostorov\u00fdch dat (SDI)<\/h2>\n

Tato \u010d\u00e1st p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed re\u0161er\u0161i obsahu dostupn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed postupn\u011b vyd\u00e1van\u00e9 Technick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy CEN 15449. C\u00edlem t\u00e9to re\u0161er\u0161e je vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed podstatn\u00fdch informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou slou\u017eit pro porovn\u00e1n\u00ed strategi\u00ed implementace SDI na\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni, pop\u0159.\u00a0dosadit do\u00a0tohoto kontextu pr\u00e1ce V\u00daV TGM,\u00a0v.\u2009v.\u2009i., p\u0159i \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b \u00dasekov\u00e9ho modelu vodn\u00edch tok\u016f.<\/p>\n

Technick\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va CEN\/TR 15449\u2008s\u00a0hlavn\u00edm n\u00e1zvem Geografick\u00e1 informace\u00a0\u2013 Infrastruktury prostorov\u00fdch dat je postupn\u011b se vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm dokumentem, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b ji\u017e p\u011bt samostatn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. Tyto \u010d\u00e1sti jsou jednotliv\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bny \u00daNMZ p\u0159ekladem jako technick\u00e1 normaliza\u010dn\u00ed informace (TNI). Zpr\u00e1va uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee mohou b\u00fdt vyd\u00e1ny dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti, a\u00a0podobn\u011b mohou b\u00fdt jednotliv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti revidov\u00e1ny nez\u00e1visle na\u00a0sob\u011b. Ve\u00a0skute\u010dnosti n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti ji\u017e pro\u0161ly dvojn\u00e1sobnou reviz\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va podporuje aktivity Evropsk\u00e9 komise uveden\u00e9 v\u00a0\u00favodu a\u00a0cituje ve\u00a0sv\u00e9m souhrnu v\u0161echny legislativn\u00ed normy EU, kter\u00e9 SDI ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed, a\u00a0regulativn\u00ed dokumenty v\u00e1zan\u00e9 na\u00a0sm\u011brnici INSPIRE. Stoj\u00ed za\u00a0pozornost, \u017ee uv\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch souvislostech nejen reference na\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed normy \u0159ady 19100, ale tak\u00e9 na\u00a0soukrom\u00e9 standardy skupin OMG, W3C, konsorcia OGC, a\u00a0to v\u010detn\u011b referen\u010dn\u00edho modelu Open GIS, d\u00e1le pak na\u00a0v\u00fdstupy evropsk\u00fdch projekt\u016f a\u00a0na\u00a0Evropsk\u00fd r\u00e1mec interoperability a\u00a0s\u00a0n\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00ed dokumenty.<\/p>\n

Ze zpr\u00e1vy lze usuzovat, \u017ee n\u00e1rodn\u00ed aktivita, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0roce 2014 vy\u00fastila do\u00a0formulace usnesen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010cR ze dne 8.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjna\u00a02014 \u010d.\u00a0815 o\u00a0Strategii rozvoje infrastruktury pro prostorov\u00e9 informace v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice do\u00a0roku 2020, nen\u00ed osamocen\u00fdm \u00fasil\u00edm mezi st\u00e1ty EU. Nav\u00edc lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee jednotliv\u00e9 bloky SDI se budou nad\u00e1le propojovat horizont\u00e1ln\u011b a\u00a0tak\u00e9 v\u00a0p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edm kontextu, nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vyhled\u00e1vac\u00edch slu\u017eeb, a\u00a0budou integrov\u00e1ny se syst\u00e9my vyvinut\u00fdmi v\u00a0kontextu eGovernmentu [13].<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00e1st 1 Geografick\u00e1 informace\u00a0\u2013 Infrastruktury prostorov\u00fdch dat\u00a0\u2013 Referen\u010dn\u00ed model<\/h3>\n

\u010c\u00e1st 1 zpr\u00e1vy CEN\/TR 15449 [14] je nejstar\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0poskytuje n\u00e1hled na\u00a0obecn\u00fd kontextov\u00fd model SDI. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00e1sadou budov\u00e1n\u00ed SDI je dos\u00e1hnout mechanick\u00e9 a\u017e automatick\u00e9 kontroly shody mezi deklarovan\u00fdm referen\u010dn\u00edm modelem zdroje prostorov\u00fdch dat a\u00a0c\u00edlov\u00fdm u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdm datov\u00fdm modelem. Pro referen\u010dn\u00ed model jsou jako v\u00fdchoz\u00ed pou\u017eity standardy Object Management Group (OMG), skupiny pro modelem \u0159\u00edzenou architekturu Informa\u010dn\u00edch a\u00a0komunika\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed (IKT). Spolupr\u00e1ce se skupinou OMG je plodn\u00e1, proto\u017ee na\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b dohod s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi komisemi ISO toto odborn\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed uvol\u0148uje standardy, u\u00a0nich\u017e nen\u00ed uplatn\u011bna ochrana pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch vzor\u016f, pro urychlen\u00e9 a\u00a0bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00e9 schv\u00e1len\u00ed jako mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch norem (viz\u00a0tabulku 1<\/em>, polo\u017eku ICS 25.040.01). Zachov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esnosti, jednoduchosti, dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed norem a\u00a0standard\u016f jsou z\u00e1kladn\u00ed postupy budov\u00e1n\u00ed SDI, a\u00a0to v\u010detn\u011b c\u00edle validovat kvalitu v\u0161ech v\u00fdstup\u016f. Tabulka 2\u00a0<\/em>ukazuje \u00farovn\u011b interoperability z\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce interoperability (EIF), verze 2.0 vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ze standard\u016f a\u00a0doporu\u010den\u00ed OMG [5].<\/p>\n

Tabulka 2. \u00darovn\u011b Evropsk\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce interoperability
\nTable 2. The European Interoperability Framework Levels<\/h5>\n

\"sovjakova-tabulka-2\"<\/a><\/p>\n

R\u00e1mec interoperability je mo\u017en\u00e9 ch\u00e1pat jako mno\u017einu strategi\u00ed, norem a\u00a0standard\u016f, na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0doporu\u010den\u00ed. Tato mno\u017eina strategi\u00ed mus\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017eet spole\u010denskou v\u016fli jednotliv\u00fdch organizac\u00ed, plnit jimi zast\u00e1van\u00e9 role p\u0159i dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto z\u00e1sad:<\/p>\n